iMASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAf 



1861-1865. 



By JA.IVIKS L. BOWEN. 



I 



WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 

HON. HENRY L. DAWES, 

U. S. Senator from Massachusetts. 




SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: 

CLARK W. BRYAN & CO., 
iSig. 



i 






Copyright, iS88. 
JA-IVIBS Iv. BOWBN 

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Introduction, 
Preface, 
History of the State, 1861-1805 
First Rejiimcnt, 
Second Regiment, 
Third Regiment, 
Fourth Regiment, 
Fifth V'egiment, 
Sixth xicgiment, 
Seventh Regiment, 
Eiglith Regiment, 
Nintli Regiment, 
Tenth Regiment, 
Eleventh Regiment, . 
Twelfth Regiment, . 
Thirteenth Regiment, 
Fourteenth Regiment, 
Fifteenth Regiment, . 
Sixteenth Regiment, . 
Seventeenth Regiment, 
Eighteenth Regiment, 
Nineteenth Regiment, 
Twentieth Regiment, 
Twenty-first Regiment, 
Twenty-second Regiment, 
Twenty-third Regiment, 
Twenty-fourth Regiment, 
Twenty-fifth Regiment, 
Twenty-sixth Regiment, 
Twenty-seventli Regiment, 
Twenty-eighth Regiment, 
Twenty-ninth Regiment, 
Thirtieth Regiment, . 
Thirty-first Regiment, 
Thirty-second Regiment, 
Tliirty-third Regiment, 
Thirty-fourth Regiment, 
Thirty-fifth Regiment, 
Thirty-sixth Regiment, 
Thirty-seventh Regiment 
Thirty-eighth Regiment, 
Thirty-ninth Regiment, 
Fortieth Regiment, . 
Forty-first Regiment, 
Forty-second Regiment, 
Forty-third Regiment, 
Forty-fourth Regiment, 
Forty-fifth Regiment, 
Forty-sixth Regiment, 



vii 

xiii 

1 

9!) 
113 
i;jO 

142 
148 
l.JT 
lf)8 
181 
189 
190 
207 
219 
235 
249 
251 
204 
274 
281 
293 
311 
327 
346 
359 
371 
382 
393 
401 
419 
435 
452 
400 
479 
490 
507 
525 
542 
503 
576 
589 
00;; 
013 
617 
024 
029 
034 
037 



Forty-seventh Regiment, 
Forty-eighth Regiment, 
Forty-ninth Regiment, 
Fiftieth Regiment, 
Fifty-first Regiment, 
Fifty-second Regiment, 
Fifty-third Regiment, 
Fifty-fourth Regiment, 
Fifty-fifth Regiment,. 
Fifty-sixth Regiment, 
Fifty-seventh Regiment, 
Fifty-eighth Regiment, 
Fifty-ninth Regiment, 
Sixtieth Regiment, 
Sixty-first Regiment, 
Sixty-second Regiment, 
First Heavy Artillery, 
Second Heavy Artillery, 
Third Heavy Artillery, 
Fourth Heavy Artillery, 
First Battalion Heavy Artillery 
First Cavalry, 
Second Cavalry, . 
Third Cavalry, . 
Foiuth Cavalry, 
Fifth Cavalry, . 
Frontier Cavalry, 
First Light Rattery, 
Second Light Battery, 
Third Light Battery, 
Fourth Light Battery, 
Fifth Light Battery, 
Sixth Light Battery, 
Seventh Light Battery, 
Eighth Light Battery, 
Ninth Light Battery, 
Tenth Light Battery, 
Eleventh Light Battery, 
Twelfth Light Battery, 
Thirteenth Light Battery, 
Fourteenth Light Battery, 
Fifteenth Light Battery, . 
Sixteenth Light Battery, . 
Third Battalion of Rifles, 
Antlrew Sharpsliooters, 
Second Sharpshooters, 
Unattached Companies, . 
Statistical TaMe, 
General OflScers, 



SKETCHES OF GENERAL OFFICERS. 



Henry T.. Abbot. 








875 


William S. Abeit, 








876 


( hark's tYancis Adams. . 


r.. 






876 


Thomas J. ('. Amory, 








P77 


John F. Anderson, . 








877 


Georj^e L. Andrews, 








878 


Nathaniel P. Banks. 








879 


John IJ. Barnard. 








882 


James Barnes. . 








883 


William F. Bartlett, . 








885 


James L. Bates, 








887 


William I'.laisdell, . 








887 


iSamiu'l Breek. . 








8-8 


Henry S. Briirtci?, 








890 


Horaeo Brooks, 








891 


Sidney Bui'li;ink. 








892 


Benjamin F, Bntler, 








893 


Snniner Carrnth, 








897 


Sanuiel E. Chamberlain. 








898 


Thomas E. t'hickering, 








899 


Robert E. Clary. 








90() 


William Co.!,'swell. . 








901 


C^yrns B. C'omstock. . 








901 


Darius N. Couch, 








903 


Robert Cowdin. 








900 


Charles H. Crane, M. D., 








900 


Georjre 11. Crosman. 








907 


Ca.spar Crowninsliield, 








908 


James A. Cunningham. 








909 


Arthur |{. Curtis, 








910 


(freely S. Curtis. 








910 


Nelson H. Davis. 








911 


Charles Devcns. Jr., 








912 


Arthur F. Devereux, 








91.5 


Charles A. R. Dimon, 








916 


Alonzo G. Draper, . 








917 


William F. Draper, . 








918 


Nathan A. M. Dudley, 








919 


Thomas H. Dunham, Jr.. 








921 


William Dwifrht, 








922 


Joseph CushiuK Edmands 








923 


Oliver Edwai'ds, 








924 


Hem-v L. Kustis, 








92,5 


Charles Eventt, 








920 


William (). Fiske, 








926 


Jones Frankle. . 








927 


Arthur A. (ioodell, . 








928 


William Gates. . 








929 


Oliver P. Goodintr, . 








930 


George H. Gordon, . 








931 


Patrick R. (Uiiney. . 








932 


Edward N. Hallowell. 








933 


Alfred S. Hartweil, . 








934 


(ieortre P. JIawkes, . 








9:5.5 


Josejih Hayes. . 








935 


Guy V. Henry. . 








930 


Edward W. Hincks. . 








937 


Joseph Hooker. 








939 


Timothy Insraham. . 








942 


Horatio Jenkins. Jr., 








942 


Thomas D. Johns, 








9I( 



Edward F. Jones. 
Eras:iuis Darwin Keves 
John W. Kimball. '. 
William S. Kiny-. 
Ralph \V. Kii-khani. . 
Frederick W. l,an<ler, 
Willi;un II. Lawrence, 
Horace ( '. Lee. . 
William liaymond Lee, 
William S. Lincoln, . 
Chai-les (J. Lorinc:. 
Charles Hiis.sell Lowell, Jr 
Luke Lyman. 
(JeortreN. Macy. 
Randolph B. Marcy. . 
Napoleon B. McLaughlen, 
Nelson A. Miles, 
All)ert Ordway. 
Francis A. Osborn, . 
Charles J. Paine. 
Francis W. Palfrey, . 
Henry L. Patten. 
Charles L. Peir.son, . 
Josiah Pickett. . 
Jose; ill B. Plunmier, 
Cari'oU H. Potter. 
Geors<' L. Pres<;ott, . 
Samuel i\f. Quincy, . 
S. Tyler Read. . 
Paul J. ]^n-cic. . 
David A. Russell, 
Henry S. Russell. 
Horaee liimiey Sargent. 
Rufus Saxtoii. . 
Isaac F. Sliejiiird. 
Thomas Slierwin. Jr.. 
Augustus P>. R. Spratfue. 
Lutliei' Stejihenson. Jr., 
Hazard Stevens. 
Isaac Iim'ii.lls Stevens. 
Robert 11. Stevenson, 
Thomas (;. Stevenson, 
Charles P. Stone, 
Georg-e ('. Stronjj, 
Sylvanus Thayer, 
William S. Til'ton, . 
Zealous B. Tower, 
Edward D. Townsend, 
Adin Ballon Utiderwt)od 
Charl(!S F. Walcott, . 
Francis A. ^\■alker . 
Geori,''o Hull Ward. . 
Lucius II. Warren. . 
Francis Washburn, . 
Ansel D. Wass, . 
Stephen Minot Weld, Jr. 
Georu-e n. Wells. 
Amiel \V. Whipple, . 
Charles A. Whittier. 
Edward A. Wild. 
■Robert Williams, 



P.MiE 

944 
945 
940 
947 
94« 
949 
9.50 
951 
953 
954 
955 
950 
958 
900 
900 
901 

m-i 

903 
904 
965 
906 
900 
9()7 
9(iS 
909 
970 
970 
972 
973 
973 
974 
975 
97(i 
977 
980 
980 
981 
982 
983 
985 
987 
987 
989 
990 
993 
993 
995 
990 
997 
99S 
999 
1000 
1001 
11102 
1003 
1004 
1005 
10013 
1008 

100s 
1010 



LIST OF PORTRAITS. 



t 



t 



Governor Andrew, . Frontispiece 

Hon. Henry L. Dawes, . . vi 

•James L. Bowen, . . . xii 

Senator Charles Sumner, . . 85 

Senator Henry Wilson, . . 86 

Genekals : — 

Nathaniel P. Banks, . . 879 

John G. Barnard, . . 883 

James Barnes, . . . 884 

William F. Bartlett, . . 885 

William Blaisdell, . . 888 

Samuel Breck, . . . 889 

Henry S. Briggs, . . .890 

Horace Brooks, . . . 892 

Benjamin F. Butler, . . 894 

Samuel E. Chamherlain, . 898 

Thomas E. Chickering, . 900 

Cyrus B. Comstock, . 902 

Darius N. Couch, . . 90o 

Charles 11. Crane, M. D., . 907 

George H. Crosman, . . 908 

Nelson H. Davis, . . 911 

Charles Devens, . . . 9l;j 

Arthur E. Devereux, . . 915 

William F. Draper, . . 918 

Nathan A. M. Dudley, . 919 

Oliver Edwards, . . . 924 

William O. Fiske. . 920 

Jones F'rankle, . . . 928 

Arthur A. Goodell, . 929 

George H. Gordon, . . 932 



Genekals : — 


PAGE 


Patrick H. Guiney, 


'.>■',■> 


Edward W. Hincks, 


9.-J7 


Joseph Hooker, . 


940 


Horatio Jenkins, Jr., . 


94:1 


Erasmus D. Koyes, 


94.-) 


Ealph W. Kirkhara, 


94S 


Frederick W, Lander, 


949 


William H. Lawrence, 


951 


Horace C. Lee, 


9.52 


William S. Lincoln, 


9.55 


Luke Lyman, 


9.59 


Albert Ordway, . 


903 


Francis A. Osboni, 


9(U 


Josiah Pickett, . 


9(iS 


George L. Prescott, 


971 


Samuel M. Quincy, 


972 


Horace Binney Saruent, 


977 


Rufus Saxton, 


978 


Augustus B. R. Spiagne, 


981 


Luther Stephenson. Jr.. 


983 


Hazard Stevens, . 


984 


Isaac I. Stevens, . 


985 


Thomas G. Stevenson, 


988 


Edwin V. Sumner, 


991 


William S. Tilton, 


994 


Zealous B. Tower, 


995 


Adin B. Underwood, . 


998 


Francis A. Walker, 


99!) 


George H. Ward, 


1001 


Amic'l W. Whipple, 


1007 


Edward A. Wild, 


1009 





A«c ^^ ..■:^ 



Hon. IIenky L. Da-wtis. 



INTRODUCTION 



This work has not been undertaken to feed the pride of Massa- 
chusetts, nor has any desire crept into it to assert for her soldiers 
any claim for distinction that shall disparage others. It is under- 
taken in full recognition of the fact that in the great struggle in 
which all had a common stake the citizen soldier lost sight of State 
lines and distinctions in a broader and higher patriotism. It is an 
endeavor to discharge for Massachusetts a debt which all of the 
States true to the Union owe to the valor and sacrifice of their citi- 
zen soldiery, that, as far as possible, the life they lived and the 
death they faced that the nation might live may be preserved in 
all their interesting detail and thrilling incident as a tender memory 
and an inspiring example. It has fallen to able and brilliant men 
of literary reputation to write the history of the war and of the 
causes out of which it sprung, and many valuable books have been 
written in our own and other States which have put in permanent 
form for posterity the statistics of the several States in the war, and 
many and just tributes to individual heroism have illumined the 
pages of those who have written of its wonderful campaigns and 
awful battlefields. But few, if any, who, like the author of this 
book, lived during that terrible period all the phases and met all the 
experiences of a soldier's life, save that extreme one he saw so 
many comrades meet, have undertaken to bring out for others to 
read the manner of life a soldier lived, its different sides and shades, 
its sunshine^thc little there was in it — and the trials and hazards 
that waited on all its footsteps. 

In a marked degree the soldiers of Massachusetts were drawn 
from every walk in life. Xot only did the sons of toil leave the 
plow and the workshop for the camp, but all clasises of her people 



viii INTEOD UCTION. 

in less arduous and exacting pursuits in life, from all the profes- 
sions and all the institutions of learning, from the student's cloister 
and the scholar's retreat, put off the garb of their calling and took 
their place in the ranks of the soldier. Every Massachusetts regi- 
ment contained well nigh a complement of artizans skilled in all 
the handiwork that the exigencies of war might ever require. All 
varied pursuits and professions had their representatives in each of 
our regiments, able, while fighting as common soldiers, to put also 
the training of their lives, if need be, to the service of their country. 
This great variety in the character and home habits among the 
Massachusetts soldiers added greatly to the interesting features of 
the lives they lived, as well as to the efficiency and value of the 
service they rendered. The material furnished by this phase of a 
soldier's life, so abundant in the regiments and camp life of the 
Massachusetts soldiers, cannot fail to add interest and attraction, 
almost amounting to romance, when the whole story of their expe- 
riences and work comes to be told. It will be seen how many 
times the success of large undertakings, of battles, and even of 
campaigns, was made certain by, if it did not often hinge upon, the 
training in civil life and genius in exigency brought into camp as a 
part of their outfit from that almost infinite variety of pursuit which 
our soldiers left behind when they answered the call of their coun- 
try. No Massachusetts regiment was without men in the ranks 
competent to man and run an engine on a sudden emergency, or 
repair its machinery if need be, to build a bridge if wanted, black- 
smiths if they were the need, telegraph operators if the peril of the 
instant required such service. It seemed as if Massachusetts had 
sent into the war men educated and trained on purpose to meet, as 
far as ])reparation could fit them, the unforeseen chances and casual- 
ties of war. What it fell to those men to do, in critical moments, 
in averting disaster or insuring success is no small part of the ser- 
vice our Commonwealth rendered the country. 

Iliit in a l)roader sense, and by a higher standard, did Massachu- 
setts win imp(Tishal)l(' distinction in the war. She furnished no 



INTRODUCTION. ix 

battleiicld for the clash of arms and the spilling of blood, but that 
great battle of ideas which preceded the war and which the war 
alone could compose was waged first and fiercest and longest where 
those that preceded the Revolution were waged. They had a com- 
mon birthplace, and Faneuil Hall was the cradle of them all. The 
lineage and even the lineaments of the fathers who agitated, and 
debated, and threw overboard the tea, could easily l)e traced in the 
sons who defied the fugitive slave law and set at liberty Anthony 
Burns. And when out of the conflict of those ideas came the clash 
of arms and the shedding of blood, it was but the continuity in 
Baltimore of the fight on Lexington Green, and the baptizing anew 
of our own 19th of April with the blood of ^Massachusetts martyrs. 
Massachusetts had a Governor in 1861 and during this later war 
aglow with the same fire and consecrated to the same cause which 
animated her first war g'overnors — wearing fitly the mantle of John 
Hancock and Samuel Adams. He had his field glass upon the 
manoeuvres of the enemies of their country, even before they were 
discovered at the seat of government, and he brought her Legislat- 
ui'e up to the work of preparation for the outburst of a long-gath- 
ering storm, the sure approach of which seemed revealed more 
clearly to his vision than to that of any others in authority. 

Thus it came to pass that our Commonwealth began earlier than 
any of her sister States the outfitting of soldiers — even before the 
call for volunteers had been issued by the President — and was in 
readiness to respond at a day's notice. She sent out also in the 
person of her great anti-slavery ])rophet and senator, Charles Sum- 
ner, the avant courier proclaiming to the world the ideas which 
dominated the war and setting up the flagstaff along the line of 
march farther in front than was revealed to the ordinary vision, 
but up to and even beyond which the forces controlling the conflict 
impelled the armies and government of the rei)ublic. She furnished 
also the chairman of the military committee of the Senate during 
the entire war, whose devotion to the arduous duties devolving upon 
that committee was felt as that of no other man in every army 



X INTRODUCTION. 

corps, through all its complicated organization, from the outfit of 
commander to the tent life of the soldiers in the ranks, in giving 
efficiency, in inspiring courage, and in securing all possible comfort 
and care to those braving all and suffering all to which a soldier is 
exposed in war. Not less useful and essential in achieving success, 
if less conspicuous, was the service Massachusetts rendered through 
her delegation in the House of Representatives during the war. It 
has been recently said by one outside of her borders and not sym- 
pathizing with her during the great struggle for the Union, that 
during the period from 1855 to 1875, which covers the conflict out 
of which the war arose, the war itself, and the period of recon- 
struction : — 

" Whether it was for weal or for woe, whether it was wisely or 
unwisely done, men may differ and historians may dispute, — but as 
a matter of fact Massachusetts led America and led her with an 
audacity and an aggressiveness, with a skill and an eloquence, with 
a power and force that have never been surpassed in all the tide of 
time in the leadership of a great people."* 

In chronicling the part which the Massachusetts soldier bore in 
the brunt and flagrant ordeal of war itself, how much more than all 
else she contributed will one find to relate of patient endurance, of 
costly sacrifice, of heroic death, and sublime martyrdom in the 
ranks of her soldiery and among those who commanded and led 
them. A quarter of a century and more has elapsed since the 
storv of the achievements of our soldiers on distant battlefields was 
brought back to sorrowing homes among us, told too often on coffin 
lids, and too frequently for peace or composure in crippled and 
mangled and wasted sons and brothers coming back to die. And 
even yet grief and horror, mingling with the pride their valor en- 
kindles, so disturb us that it is difficult to hold a steady pen when 
attempting to recount for those who are to come after these our 
heroes the sacrifice and martyrdom wliich crowned their lives. 
Those who had any share in the tragic incidents of the war must 



*Mr. Breckinridge of Ky., II. of R., Jauuary I'Jtli, IS88. 



INTRODUCTION. xi 

have passed away from among men before tlic historian will arise 
whose })en will record or describe those great historical events with 
the cool indifference of judicial impartiality, but neither history 
nor patriotism will withhold the debt which is due and the tribute 
which belongs to the brave soldier till after he shall have passed 
beyond the knowledge of either. And it is well that it should be 
so. Contemporaries and participants alone can tell the thrilling 
and immortal story ; and the intensity of feeling, the buiuing 
patriotism and the self-abnegation which, like inspiration, lifted the 
soldier into a higher atmosphere and awakened in him a new life, 
can be portrayed in their true colors only by those whose whole 
being was pervaded and illumined by the light of experience. A 
single battlefield reproduced in any a])proach to reality would even 
now tax the credulity of all whose eyes had never looked upon the 
scene itself. The historian of Massachusetts in the war will have 
more than a hundred of these to describe, and will arise from his 
task sorrowing that his colors are so pale and that his best effort 
falls so far short of what his own eyes have seen. Nothing but 
miraculous power can bring back to the minds and hearts of the 
citizens of to-day, much less to those of future generations, a re- 
alization of the marvelous and awe-inspiring scenes through which 
the Massachusetts soldiers marched from Baltimore to Appomat- 
tox. And yet a failure to attempt this ^\''ork or to stop in it short 
of the limit to human endeavor is a dereliction of duty which our 
Commonwealth cannot afford to condone. There is in it a wealth 
of patriotic sacrifice, of sublime heroism, and glorious example, of 
which she cannot disinherit her children. She must take care that 
it is transmitted to them, like refined gold, in its original luster, so 
stamped and so kept that its true lesson and real worth will be 
recognized of them all, whatever shadow may in the future obscure 
the path of duty and* however formidable the difficulties that may 
beset their footsteps. 

HENRY L. DAWES. 



\ 




Ja.IIKs L. I^OWKX. 



PREFACE. 



This book is written from a Massachusetts stand-point. It 
does not, therefore, attempt to present a general history of the 
great Civil War, and the author has taken it for granted that 
the reader will be so far acquainted with the prominent feat- 
ures of that war that he will trace and duly appreciate the 
relation of what is here recorded to the great whole. His 
attempt has been in so far as practicable to record in a con- 
cise yet comprehensive way the part taken by the Common- 
wealth — by its government in meeting the demands upon it 
as an integral part of the Nation ; by its statesmen in the halls 
of Congress and elsewhere; by its military sons in the various 
fields to which they were called; by its philanthropists in their 
noble efforts to meet and solve the humanitarian problems 
which were the outgrowth of the war; and by its sanitary and 
benevolent associations, which in the best spirit of Christian 
kindness did so much, so tenderly and so faithfully, to ame- 
liorate the horrors of warfare. 

The attempt to cover in a single volume so great a field 
has necessitated much research, patient investigation and care- 
ful verification, with most rigorous condensation. No attempt 
has been made to build up suppositions as to what might have 
been under other conditions; it has seemed sufficient to state 
what was done and the immediate effects of the doing. The 
basis of the work has naturally been the official records of 
the Commonwealth, published and unpublished; but these have 



xiv PREFACE. 

been supplemented by the records of the Nation, by all avail- 
able authentic publications, and by valuable contributions of 
information from participants and others. To the hundreds 
from whom he has received assistance, direct or indirect, the 
author can only in this general way express his sincere ap- 
preciation and tender his thanks. 

Few words of explanation are felt to be necessary regarding 
the plan of the work. In the sketches of organizations, the 
purpose has been to give the original roster of officers, with 
some of the more important subsequent changes; to follow the 
regiment or company in all its Avanderings; to give as ac- 
curately as possible its losses in every conflict in which it 
took part, and to notice the death of every commissioned offi- 
cer from the state. In casual references to general officers, 
the simple title of "General" has commonly been used, as it 
was deemed sufficiently explicit; while in other grades officers 
have usually been designated by their actual commissioned 
and mustered rank. There were many brevets, as well as com- 
plimentary commissions under which the recipient was not mus- 
tered into the national service, important to the individual 
and honorably won, but not coming within the scope of this 
chronicle. In the Statistical Table following these sketches the 
author has indulged in some modifications which he believes 
Avill make them more accurate and valuable for purposes of 
comparison, though much more elaborate compilations would be 
necessary to insure exactness and entire justice. The member- 
ship column is intended to give approximately the number of 
individuals (re-enlistments not counted) who served with the 
organization. Assigned recruits and otliers who never reported 
for duty are not counted ; yet it has been necessary to include 
in some of the regiments and companies large numbers who 
only served for a short time. In such cases the student 
should bear in mind lliat couiparisons and percentages must 
at the best be misleading. 



PREFACE. XV 

The sketches of General Officers will be found interesting 
and valuable, and great effort has been made to have them 
entirely accurate. Their aim, in harmony with that of other 
portions of .the book, is simply to present the story of what 
the several individuals did and were during the period of the 
war. In a few cases, a brief reference to the earlier life of 
the officer has seemed necessary in connection with his part 
in the rebellion. In addition to those officers entering the 
service with the volunteer organizations from the state, it has 
been deemed just to include those sons of Massachusetts serv- 
ing in the regular army, as well as those not residents or 
natives of the state who were commissioned by Governor An- 
drew and subsequently rose to higher i-ank. 

Finally, the volume is sent out, not with a vain-glorious 
purpose to exalt our own by any depreciation of the part borne 
by other Commonwealths. The simple narration of wiiat Mas- 
sachusetts was and did must fill the breast of every patriot 
with a renewed faith in humanity ; a thankful heart for the 
devotion and the courage which won so glorious a name; a 
pang of tender sorrow at the sacrifices required. The writer 
has risen from his task, more than ever proud to be a citizen 
©f the state which wrought so magnificent a work during those 
crucial times ; which gave so many strong arms and wise heads 
and faithful hearts to the demands of the hour. To have 
shared never so humbly in that grand uprising and outpour- 
ing of a world's best exhibition of heroism and consecration 
is honor indeed ; in this imperfect record of the deeds of a 
great and honored Commonwealth, it is hoped that there may 
be incentive for constant and increasing devotion to all which 
makes for the uplifting and progress of our common human- 
ity — the best and truest patriotism. 

JAMES L. BO WEN. 

Springfield, Mass., November, 1889. 



CHAPTER 1. 



The Election of 1860 — The New State Government — Preparatory 
Measures — Loi'Alty of Massachusetts — Opening of Hostilities — 
The President's Call and the Sending Forth of the Militia. 

FOUR candidates for the governorship of Massachusetts en- 
tered the field in the political campaign of 1860, represent- 
ing the four parties in the presidential contest. John A. 
Andrew of Boston was the republican candidate, and Erasmus D. 
Beach of Springfield the Douglas democratic, while the remaining 
factions of the democratic party — the Bell-Everett and the Breckin- 
ridge — were represented respectively by Amos A. Lawrence of Boston 
and Benjamin F. Butler of Lowell. The election was held on the 
6th of November and the total vote for the four candidates, in- 
cluding 75 scattering ballots, was 169,609. Mr. Andrew received 
104,527, Mr. Beach 35,191, Mr. Lawrence 23,816 and Mr. Butler 
6,000 ; the clear majority of Mr. Andrew over all competitors was 
39,445. The entire republican state ticket was elected by about 
the same majority, and the congressional delegation was wholly 
republican. 

The new state government was inaugurated on the 5th of Janu- 
ary, 1861. South Carolina had passed the ordinance of secession 
two Aveeks before ; three other southern states were on the point of 
following her example and yet others were taking earnest steps in 
that direction. The situation was one of grave importance ; civil 
war was almost a foregone conclusion, and the people naturally 
turned with anxious thoughts to scan anew the records and the 
public acts of those who were to be their leaders in such a moment- 
ous crisis. The new governor of the Old Bay State bore this 
scrutiny well, and his first official acts were of a nature to inspire 
confidence in his fitness for the important position to which he had 
been called. Never a politician in the ordinary sense of the term, 



2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Governor Andrew came to the high and responsible office untram- 
meled and free to devote the wonderful energies of his nature to 
the service of the Commonwealth and the nation. Being then in 
his 43d year, having been born in Maine in 1818, he was in the 
full possession of his superb mental and physical powers. 

John A. Andrew graduated at Bowdoin college at the age of 
19, gave a few years to the study of law, and in 1840 was admitted 
to the bar of Suffolk county, entering an office in Boston. His 
success in the profession was marked and rapid, so that at the time 
of his election he undoubtedly stood at the head of the Massachu- 
setts bar. His public life had been confined to a single term in the 
state Legislature, though in the previous summer he had been chair- 
man of the Massachusetts delegation to the republican convention 
at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. 
This was in brief what the people of the Commonwealth knew at 
that time of the man who had been placed at the head of the state 
government. It was an unstained record, and in the crucial test' 
to which Mr. Andrew was at once subjected, the promise it gave was 
nobly redeemed. 

The new Legislature met and organized January 2, 1861, with 
William Clatlin of Newton as president of the Senate and John A. 
Goodwin of Lowell speaker of the House of Representatives. A 
departure from the ordinary procedure in such cases was a retiring 
address from Governor Nathaniel P. Banks, who had for three years 
successfully conducted the duties of the office. Impressed by the 
omens of the times, that high-minded patriot communicated to the 
incoming government his views and such suggestions as his ex- 
perience prompted. In that address he held out no hope of escape 
from a terrible civil contest ; but he had no fear for the final result. 
" There can be no peaceable secession of the states," he declared. 
" The strength of every government must be tested by revolt and 
revolution. I doubt not that the providence of God, that has pro- 
tected us hitherto, will pi-escrve us now and hereafter." 

President Claliin of the Senate, on taking the chair to which he 
had been elected, referred to the threatening situation, saying, 
" Whatever action we may take, let us be careful of the rights of 
others, but faithful to our trusts." Speaker Goodwin, in reference 
to the same subject, remarked : — 

For the second time in our history, we see a state of our Uuion 



PATRIOTIC WORDS AND DEEDS. 3 

setting at naught the common compact, and raising the hand of remorse- 
less violence against a whole section of her sister states, and against the 
Union itself. But for the first, time in our history are unrebiiked trai- 
tors seen in the high places of the nation, where, with undaunted front, 
they awe into treasonable inaction the hand the peoj)le have solemnly 
de})uted to hold the scales of justice, and wield the imperial sword. 
It is to 1)0 remembered that Massachusetts sacrificed much 
to establish the Union, and to defend and perpetuate it. She is ready 
to sacrifice more, provided it touch not her honor or the principles of 
free government, — principles interwoven with her whole history and 
never dearer to the hearts of her people of all classes and parties than 
they are to-day. Let us approach this portion of our duties with cool- 
ness and deliberation, and with a generous patriotism. 

Adjutant General Schouler, at about the same time, responding 
to a toast to Major Anderson, then besieged in Fort Sumter, spoke 
for the military power of the state when he said: " We have no 
boasts to make ; history tells wdiat the men of Massachusetts have 
done, and they vs^ill never disgrace that history." Everywhere there 
was the same feeling, — that w^ar should be avoided if it were possi- 
ble, even by any sacrifice or compromise compatible with honor and 
equal rights ; but if the last resort failed, and the dreadful alter- 
native presented itself, the honor of the Old Bay State should be 
vindicated and its devotion to the Union and the national govern- 
ment be put forever beyond question. In few words the new gov- 
ernor, while treating the entire subject at length and with great 
ability, summed up the situation, saying, " The people will forever 
stand by the country." It will from this be understood with what 
pur})ose the men of Massachusetts acted ; and while every possible 
preparation was being made for meeting what w^as considered the 
inevitable struggle, it is not a matter of surprise or an evidence of 
divided councils that before the close of the month a petition, bear- 
ing the names of 15,000 prominent people of the state, urging con- 
ciliatory mcasui-es to avert if i)ossible the threatened strife, was 
sent to the Massachusetts delegation in Congress. 

In the same direction was the appointment by the Legislature, 
early in February, of a commission to represent the state at the 
conference or convention called at the instance of Virginia to meet 
at Washington, Avlien the Bay State was represented by this able 
list of her sons : Lieutenant Governor John Z. Goodrich of Stock- 
bridge, Charles Allen of Worcester, George S. Boutwell of Groton, 
Francis B. Crowninshield of Boston, Theophilus P. Chandler of 



4 MASSACIIUHETTS IX THE WAE. 

Brookline, John M. Forbes of Milton and Richard B. Waters of 
Beverly. This convention was duly held and submitted to Congress 
its plan for compromise ; but nothing could then check the mad 
race of secession. 

While these efforts in behalf of peace were being made, Gover- 
nor Andrew and his associates were not idle. These associates 
consisted of Lieutenant Governor John Z. Goodrich, who soon after 
resigned, being appointed collector of the port of Boston ; Secretary 
of State Oliver Warner of Northampton, Treasurer and Receiver 
General Henry K. Oliver of Salem, Attorney General Dwight Fos- 
ter of Worcester, Auditor Levi Reed of Abington, Executive Coun- 
cilors Jacob Sleeper of Boston, John I. Baker of Beverly, James 
M. Shute of Somerville, Hugh M. Green of Northfield, Joel Hayden 
of Williamsburg, James Ritchie of Roxbury, Oakes Ames of Easton 
and Eleazer C. Sherman of Plymouth. The state Legislature con- 
sisted of a Senate of 40 and a House of Representatives of 240 
members. 

The first movement of Governor Andrew was to put himself in 
communication with the executives of the other New England states, 
dispatching messengers to each on the evening of his inauguration. 
Colonel Wardrop of the Third Regiment of Militia was sent to Ver- 
mont, while Colonel Albert G. Clarke, afterward the governor's 
private military secretary, went to New Hampshire and Maine. 
Other representatives visited Connecticut and Rhode Island. All 
of these were cordially received. It was arranged that in all the 
states salutes should be fired and other demonstrations made on the 
8th of January, in honor of General Jackson's victory at New 
Orleans, with a view to quickening the patriotic pulse ; and from 
Maine, where an important conference was held, the message was 
returned that wherever Massachusetts led that commonwealth would 
follow. By this thoughtful act of her chief officer, Massachusetts 
occupied her rightful position of leader of the New England states — 
a position in keeping with her material and numerical strength and 
her previous proud record in the van of many a noble cause. 

Immediate attention was given by the executive to the perfection 
of the militia organizations of the state, so that if their services 
should be called for they could not only respond at once, but in a 
manner to reflect credit upon the CommonAvealth. These organiza- 
tions were not formidable in numbers. While the state militia 



THE MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS. 5 

com))rise(;l three divisions, commanded respectively by Major Gen- 
erals Sutton, Morse and Andrews, with two brigades to each divis- 
ion, the total numerical strength only reached 5,593 officers and 
men, divided into nine regiments and three battalions of infantry, 
three battalions and eight unattached companies of riflemen, and 
one battalion and live unattached Cjmpanies of cavalry. Back 
of these organizations was the registered but unorganized militia 
of the state, between the ages of 18 and 45, making a total strength 
of 155,389. Under the laws of the state the officers furnished 
their own arms and uniforms and the men also uniformed them- 
selves while the state furnished their arms and equipments and paid 
the rent of armories for the several companies. In "the way of 
armament the total resources of the state at that time consisted of 
71 pieces of field artillery of all calibers and about 10,000 muskets, 
a quarter of which were of the Springfield rificd muzzle-loading 
pattern, the remainder being smooth-bores of various makes. 

The active head of, the military organization of the state was 
Adjutant General William Schouler, who had been appointed to the 
position by Governor Banks, and retained office through the ad- 
ministration of Governor Andrew, to whom, he rendered inestima- 
ble service from his intimate knowledge of everything ])crtaining 
to his department, his quick comprehension of new phases of the 
situation as they arose, and his whole-souled devotion to his duties. 
To his valuable suggestions, embodied in his report for 1860, ren- 
dered just before the change of administration, and those afterward 
communicated at the request of the executive or incorporated in 
official documents, the governor was largely indebted for his quick 
and comi)rehcnsive grasp of the situation and its details. 

A special order was issued by Governor Andrew through the 
adjutant general on the 7th of January, 1861, directing that the 
following day should be observed by the firing of 100 guns on Bos- 
ton Common and national salutes at various other cities and towns 
of the Commonwealth, '' In commemoration of the brave defense 
of New Orleans, January 8, 1815, by the deceased patriot, General 
Jackson, and in honor of the gallant conduct and wise foresight of 
Major Anderson, now in command of Fort Sumter, in the state of 
South Carolina." 

A second order, and one of greater importance, followed on the 
16th, which, after citing the pr()V)ability that the militia of the 



6 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

state might be called upon to assist the President of the United 
States in enforcing the laws, directed, — 

That the commanding officer of each company of volunteer militia 
examine with care the roll of his comimny, and cause the name of 
each member, together with his rank and place of residence, to be 
pro])erly recorded, and a copy of the same to be forwarded to the office 
of the adjutant general. Previous to which, commanders of com- 
panies shall make strict inquiry whether there are men in their com- 
mands who from age, physical defect, business or family causes, may 
be unable or indisposed to respond at once to the orders of the com- 
mander-in-chief, made in response to the call of the President of the 
United States, that they be forthwith discharged ; so that their places 
may be filled by men ready for any public exigency which may arise, 
whenever called upon. 

After the above orders shall have been fulfilled, no discharge, 
either of officer or private, shall be granted, unless for cause satisfac- 
tory to the commander-in-chief. 

If any companies have not the number of men allowed by law, 
the commanders of the same shall make proper exertions to have the 
vacancies filled, and the men properly drilled and uniformed, and 
their names and places of residence forwarded to head-quarters. 

Naturally, in the excited condition of the country, this order 
met with prompt attention and caused no little comment. While 
in rare instances denounced as unnecessary and sensational, it was 
generally commended, by the press and by public opinion, as a wise 
precaution, and this conviction was deepened as its good effects were 
manifest in the improved morale of the different commands and 
the hightened esprit du corps. The growth of the martial spirit 
was something remarkable, and numerous applications reached 
head-quarters for authority to form new companies, though none 
were then authorized. 

The action of the Legislature during these days of suspense left 
no imcertainty as to the position which Avould be taken by the Com- 
monwealth in case the trial of arms between the national govern- 
ment and the seceding states came. Its first enactment in relation 
to the matter passed and was approved on the 23d of January, being 
a series of resolves exjjressive of approval of the "determination 
evinced in the recent firm and patriotic special message of the Presi- 
dent of the United States," and proffering to him " through the 
governor of the Commonwealth, such aid in men and money as he 
may require to maintain the authority of the national government." 
To this resolve there w^as practically no opposition, though free dis- 



I 



THE OPENING GUNS AT SUMTER. 7 

cussion was invited. There was more variance of opinion in regard 
to the proposition to authorize the governor to appoint commission- 
ers to meet and confer with the representatives of Virginia and 
other states ; but as the proposed convention was nominally in the 
interest of peace the authority was voted and the governor ap- 
pointed the commission as above named. 

As the session was about closing, the Legislature, on the 3d of 
April, passed an act authorizing the adjutant general, who was also 
acting quartermaster general, to equip 2000 troops for active ser- 
vice, an appropriation of not exceeding $25,000 being made for the 
purpose. This legislation created considerable adverse comment 
among those not politically in sympathy with the administration, 
though within a few days its wisdom was abundantly justified, in a 
manner to silence all criticism from those, of whatever party, true 
to the cause of the national government and its integrity. 

In the midst of this preparation and suspense, the bombardment 
of Fort Sumter, which opened on the day following the adjournment 
of the Massachusetts Legislature, canie like an electric shock. It 
cleared the air of doubts and uncertainties. It assured the gover- 
nor and his associates that their precautionary preparations had 
been wise ; it dispelled the cherished hope that civil war might be 
averted, and it drew the line sharply between those who upheld the 
Federal government and its open or covert enemies. While a few 
of the latter were to be found, their numbers were comparatively 
insignificant ; and when the question became that of union or dis- 
union, the great majority of those not politically in accord with the 
state and national administrations joined hands with them in sup- 
port of the imperiled government. With the fall of Sumter, in- 
decision and hesitation vanished. Every house displayed the em- 
blems of loyalty ; man and woman, child and old age wore rosettes 
of red, white and blue ; the stars and stripes were unfurled from 
every flag-staff. The naturally cool blood of the North, which had 
shrunk from the prospect of fratricidal strife, now burned to 
avenge the insult to the nation and its flag. 

While this excitement was at its hight came the first call of Presi- 
dent Lincoln for troops — 75,000 men to serve for three months, the 
longest term for which the militia could be called outside of their 
respective states. Of this force Massachusetts was called upon for 
two regiments, the governor receiving the requisition formally from 



8 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the secretary of war on the 15th of April, a few hours after a tele- 
gram had been received from Senator Henry Wilson announcing 
the call. Immediate messages were sent out calling upon the Third, 
Fourth, Sixth and Eighth Regiments to report at once at Boston, 
the head-quarters of these organizations being respectively at New 
Bedford, Quincy, Pepperell and Lynn. Within a week after the 
receipt of the general orders in January, before referred to, Colonel 
Jones of the Sixth had reported his command ready for duty when- 
ever their services should be demanded, and the promptness with 
which the call was met showed that all had been alike thorough in 
preparation. 

Early on the morning of the IGth the Marblehead companies of 
the Eighth Regiment reached Boston, being the first in the city and 
marching in a severe rain-storm from the depot through streets 
lined with enthusiastic spectators to the quarters provided for them. 
They were not much in advance of their comrades, however, for 
before the close of the day the four regiments were in Boston with 
ranks well filled, anxious for the orders to set forth. During the 
bustle of preparation — the two regiments being ordered to Washing- 
ton to be mustered into the national service — an additional dispatch 
was received from the secretary of war doubling the quota of Mas- 
sachusetts, making it to consist of four full regiments, under com- 
mand of a brigadier general. Though not the senior brigadier, 
General Benjamin F. Butler of Lowell, commanding the Third 
Brigade, Second Division, secured the appointment, and, dropping 
the case upon which he was engaged in a Boston court, made his 
arrangements for departure with his command. 

Something of a reorganization of the regiments was necessary 
to make them conform to the United States standard. While the 
state system required but eight companies to the regiment, ten were 
demanded by the regulations of the general government. To obtain 
the requisite number of companies, some were detached from other 
regiments, not ordered into service ; while the Third and Fourth 
Regiments went forward incomplete in this respect, additional com- 
panies joining them later. In the militia, also, each company 
was allowed four lieutenants, though but two were recognized in 
the United States service, and there were other variations in the 
rosters of ofhcers recognized by the two systems. Nor was the 
treatment of the matter by the general government uniform. In 



THE MILITIA REGIMENTS SENT. 9 

the case of the regiments sent to Washington, the officers accom- 
panying the several commands were mustered without protest ; 
while at Fortress Monroe the national regulations were strictly in- 
sisted upon. 

On the receipt of the intelligence that four regiments would be 
accei)ted from Massachusetts, Governor Andrew ordered Ccjlonel 
Lawrence of Mcdford to report at once with his Fifth Regiment at 
Boston, prepared to take the field. These orders were not received 
till the 19tli, but the regiment was in Boston ready for departure 
the following day, though transportation was not provided till the 
21st. Meantime the other regiments had gone forward, — the Third 
and Fourth going by water to Fortress Monroe, which they reached 
in safety and where their presence doubtless saved that stronghold 
from assault if not from capture by the Confederate force gathering 
in that vicinity. The Sixth and Eighth Regiments, being ordered 
to Washington direct, had set forward by rail, the former being 
about a day in advance of the latter, which was accompanied by 
General Butler and his staff. The orders had been issued for the 
Fifth to prepare to follow, and at last there seemed opportunity for 
a brief cessation of the arduous labors and excitement of the few 
days just passed. 

Yet during this momentary respite, intelligence even more start- 
ling than that of the firing upon Sumter was telegraphed from 
Baltimore throughout the loyal states. The attack upon Major 
Anderson had been anticipated ; that upon Colonel Jones's com- 
mand in the streets of Baltimore had not been. The people stood 
aghast with a deeper realization than before of the seriousness of 
the situation ; but to the tireless toilers at the State House there 
came only the call to renewed exertions and a graver responsibility. 
General Butler, pausing at Philadelphia with the Eighth Regiment, 
devised a plan of action and sent back urgently for the Fifth Regi- 
ment and Cook's Light Battery. The former had already been 
summoned ; the latter had not. The weary adjutant general was 
roused from his bed at a neighboring hotel and at once set out to 
summon the sleejjing artillerists. So expeditiously was this done 
that early the following forenoon the command with full ranks and 
equipped for duty was waiting the order for departure. On the 
morning of the 20th, Major Devens at Worcester was directed to go 
forward as soon as possible with his battalion of Riliemen — three 



10 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

companies. At 5 o'clock that afternoon the command was in line, 
ready for the final orders, and that evening took cars for Annapolis. 
The Fifth Regiment, accompanied by the battery, set out the fol- 
lowing day. 

Thus, within six days from receiving the first call, the Common- 
wealth had assembled, equipped and sent forth, ready for active 
duty in any sphere to which tliey might be called, five regiments of 
infantry, nearly complete, one battery of field artillery with horses, 
equipment and ten tons of ammunition, and a battalion of rifle- 
men. The promptness of the response, the efficiency of the troops 
and the importance of the positions which they filled, were all 
matters of which the Old Bay State might justly be proud. 



CHAPTER II. 



Extra Session of the LECiisLAxuRE — Vigorous Legislative Measures — 
Public Support of the Government — Enthusiastic Enlistments — Con- 
dition of Boston Harbor — Organization of Relief and Sanitary 
societiks. 

THE gravity of the situation was now fully apparent. Even 
the most sanguine could no longer hope for a speedy solu- 
tion of the difficulties which distracted the country. A 
multitude of questions of vital importance pressed upon the state 
executive, which his constitutional powers were inadequate to meet. 
The Legislature had but just dissolved, after having made such 
provision as the circumstances had justilied. Yet in a few days 
the presence of actual war, with its demands upon the resources of 
the Commonwealth, imperatively demanded that further measures, 
and those of grave importance, should be immediately taken. 
There was no alternative to the calling of a special session, and 
this the governor did by proclamation dated the 4th of May. 

On the 14th of May the two houses convened and the gover- 
nor's message was read. It was a document of remarkable power, 
treating the issues of the hour in a patriotic and statesmanlike 
manner. After detailing the action taken by the Massachusetts 
troops and officials in other stations, the enlistment of additional 
companies and the necessary expense incurred, for which the Legis- 
lature would be called to make provision, already amounting to 
over $265,000, he urged such measures as his judgment prompted, 
with strong expressions of the spirit which he felt should inspire 
the duties of the occasion. This message so well illustrated the 
temper of the man through all the trying scenes of his long official 
term, that extracts from it may well be given. In opening he said : — 

The occasion demands action, and it shall not be delayed by speech; 
nor do either the people or their representatives need or require to be 



12 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

stimulated by apj^eals or couviuced by arguments. A g>-and era has 
dawned, inaugurated by the present great and critical exigency of the 
nation, through which it will providentially and triumphantly pass, 
and soon, emerging from apparent gloom, will breathe a freer inspira- 
tion in the assured consciousness of vitality and power. Confident of 
our ultimate future ; confident in the principles and ideas of demo- 
cratic republican government, in the capacity, conviction and manly 
purpose of the American people, wherever liberty exists, and repub- 
lican government is administered under the purifying and instructing 
power of free opinion and free debate, — I perceive nothing now about 
us which ought to discourage the good or to alarm the brave. . . . 
This is no war of sections, no war of North and South, It is waged 
to avenge no former wrongs, nor to perpetuate ancient griefs or memo- 
ries of conflict. It is the struggle of the people to vindicate their 
own rights, to retain and invigorate the institutions of their fathers. 
. . . No creative art has ever woven into song a story more tender 
in its pathos, or more stirring to the martial blood, than the scenes 
just enacted, passing before our eyes in the villages and towns of our 
dear old Commonwealth. . . The yeomanry who in 1775, on 

Lexington Common and on the l)anks of the Concord river, first made 
that day immortal in our annals, have found their lineal re])resenta- 
tives in the historic regiment Avhich, on the 19th of April, 1861, in 
the streets of Baltimore, bajjtizcd our flag anew in heroic blood. . . 
Let us never, under any conceivable circumstances of provocation or 
indignation, forget that the right of free discussion of all public ques- 
tions is guaranteed to every individal on Massachusetts soil, by the set- 
tled convictions of her people, l)y the habits of her successive genera- 
tions, and by express provisions of her constitution. 

Thus was voiced in eloquent language, confidence in the people, 
trust in the final result of the great contest, a patriotic purpose to 
labor for the saving of the Union, pride in the spectacle presented 
b\' his Commonwealth, and a jealous care that even in the excite- 
ment of civil war the right of free speech and personal conviction 
should not suffer. The message was at once referred to a special 
committee of the Legislature, and steps were taken for the prompt 
enactment of such legislation as the situation demanded. One 
of the first and most important measures passed in the special 
session was entitled "An Act to Provide for the Maintenance of 
the Uni(m and Constitution.'' This by its first section ratified and 
c(mfirined the action already taken by the governor and his council, 
the contracts, agreements and expenditures made. It then con- 
ferred upon him the authority, " with the advice of the council," 
" to take such measures as may be deemed best to provide for the 
arming, equipping and disciplining, and for the transportation and 
subsistence of sj much of the military force of the Commonwealth 



LEG IS L A TI VE EN A CTMEN TS. 13 

as may be in his judtiment needed for defending, sustaininu- and 
maintaining in its full integrity the authority of the government of 
the United States and the constitution and laws thereof ; " to ap- 
point and commission officers and agents and fix their pay and 
rank ; to settle all questions arising between the United States and 
the Commonwealth ; to pay any troops of the state called into ser- 
vice and arrange with the general government for the reimburse- 
ment of the outlay. The same act also provided for the establish- 
ment of a fund from which these payments were to be made, called 
the Union Fund, not to exceed three million dollars and to be raised 
by the issue of scrip bearing interest at six per cent and payable in 
from ten to thirty years. 

A further issue of scrip at the option of the governoi' was 
authorized by a supplemental act, not to exceed seven millions of 
dollars, the rate of interest not to exceed six per cent, and other de- 
tails of the issue and sale to be largely optional -with the governor, 
the proceeds to be " loaned to the government of the United States, 
or expended in purchasing from the government of the United 
States its treasury notes, or other evidences of indebtedness," or 
it might be exchanged with the secretary of the national treasury 
for obligations of the United States government of like amount. 
This extraordinary power was conferred owing to a feeling, as set 
forth in the preamble to the act, that " some emergency may arise 
during the recess of the Legislature, in which the aid of Massachu- 
setts may be of service to the general government in its financial 
arrangements." 

Another act provided for the creation of a sinking fund from the 
receipts of the scrip above referred to, reinforced by direct taxa- 
tion which future Legislatures were authorized to levy, to provide 
for the payment of the indebtedness thus created. Banks were 
also authorized to invest in government securities, and both these 
and direct loans to the Commonwealth or the United States were 
exempted from the provision of the General Statutes which forbade 
the indebtedness due any bank exceeding twice the amount of its 
capital stock. All of these acts were a))proved on the 21st of May. 

The day following authority was given for the payment of the 
soldiers of the state called into service from the time of their re- 
porting for duty till mustered into the United States service, at the 
rate allowed by the general government. Provision was also made. 



14 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

by an act approved the 23d, for the establishment of a camp of in- 
struction, with accommodations for five regiments of infantry and 
a battery of artillery, to which the governor might at his discretion 
order for instruction and discipline such bodies of troops as had 
been or might be authorized in anticipation of calls from the Presi- 
dent of the United States. Some general regulations were added, 
and provision was made for the appointment of the officers neces- 
sary for such a camp or garrison ; but that part of the act did not be- 
come operative, from the fact that the different commands as fast 
as organized and equipped left the state in response to the repeated 
calls from Washington. The same act also authorized the appoint- 
ment by the governor of a quartermaster general, commissary gen- 
eral and surgeon general, such oflficers being required by the vast 
increase of duties in the several departments of which they would 
have charge. The governor was further given power to appoint 
such officers and agents as seemed necessary. Under these provis- 
ions, Dr. William J. Dale of Boston was appointed surgeon general 
and General Ebenezer W. Stone master of ordnance, both with the 
rank of colonel, and Albert G. Browne, Jr., of Salem military sec- 
retary to the governor with the rank of lieutenant colonel, which posi- 
tion he held during Mr. Andrew's entire term of office. Julius H. 
Reed had already been appointed quartermaster general with the 
rank of brigadier general, this important appointment being thus 
specilically confirmed. 
r- One other act remains to be noticed, — an act not less important 
than any of the others to the people of the Commonwealth and 
illustrating markedly the disposition everywhere manifested to so 
far as possible rob war of its horrors. This was the act " in aid of 
the families of volunteers, and for other purposes," the provisions 
of which were that any town or city might raise money by taxation 
and through the constituted authorities apply the same for the aid 
of the wife and children under 16 years of age of any volunteer in 
the national service, or of parent, brother, sister or child dependent 
upon such volunteer for support, the same to be reimbursed by the 
state at the rate of one dollar per week for each dependent on proper 
certification, n(it to exceed twelve dollars per month on account of 
any single volunteer. Permission was also given by the same act 
to raise money in towns or cities to defray expenses already incur- 
red or contracts entered into in the raising of volunteers, but requir- 



OUGHT THE BLACK MAN TO ENLIST? 15 

ing the termination of all contracts within three months, and 
forbidding the entering into special contracts with volunteers on 
the part of municipalities and towns. Such communities as might 
be liable to attack from the sea were authorized to organize an 
armed police to guard against such danger and to provide for the 
expense by taxation, such police to have authority to act in any part 
of the county where organized. 

This act was also approved on the 23d, and that afternoon the 
Legislature was prorogued. During the session of little more than 
a week that body had grasped the duty presented to it and made such 
provision as the existing necessities demanded, as well as provided 
for any contingencies likely to arise. In these important measures 
there had been a remarkable and most gratifying unanimity of pur- 
pose to uphold the honor of the state and the integrity of the nation. 
Political considerations and party spirit had almost no place, for 
the legislators realized that the people were behind them in hearty 
support of whatever should be deemed necessary ; that they de- 
manded that such measures as were called for should be given to 
the world with an earnestness of purpose which could not be mis- 
understood. 

On one measure only was there difference of opinion and failure 
to act. Propositions were submitted, early in the session, in both 
houses to strike from the militia laws of the state the word " white," 
so that organizations of colored volunteers might be formed. These, 
however, were laid upon the table from time to time and failed to 
become law, the question of taking the matter from the table being 
imder consideration in the House at the time of the prorogation. 
Strong arguments were adduced in favor of the proposition, and 
against it; the former being based on the principle of justice to 
the colored man, the latter considering the question of expediency 
under the circumstances. The latter prevailed. It was felt that 
in the critical state of affairs in the "border states," which it 
was all-important to hold for the Union, even so slight a cause as 
the proposed measure might operate to cast their lot with the 
seceded states and thus further complicate national affairs. 

Hon. Alexander Bullock of Worcester, a member of the House, 
was of those who opposed the measure on these grounds. He was 
willing and hoped to see the colored man freed from all his disabili- 
ties before the law, but that was not the time for the action. The 



16 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

North and West and the border states were united in supporting 
the national government, and a firebrand cast at tliat time might 
precipitate a catastrophe which would be appalling. The Union 
should be the first consideration, and every measure which would 
endanger it should be frowned upon. On that consideration he 
was willing to vote against the measure, believing that he was doing 
the greater service to his beloved and imperiled country. This was 
doubtless the first consideration of the question of employing 
colored soldiers, and quite likely had the session continued for 
another day the result might have been different, as the resolve had 
passed the Senate and was advocated by a majority in the House. 
There can bo little doubt, however, that the disposition made of the 
matter was for that time the wisest. 

Undoubtedly much of the earnestness and unanimity of the Legis- 
lature resulted from the unmistakable voice of the people, for be- 
fore the meeting of the law-makers the utterances of the public 
had been given with no uncertain sound. On the evening of April 
15, almost before the reverberations of the guns at Sumter had 
ceased, the Jackson club, a prominent democratic organization in 
Boston, held a meeting and discussed the situation. Their voice 
was given for an earnest support of the President and his adminis- 
tration by all constitutional means. Their political affiliation had 
been with the menwhu now assailed the Union, and it was not easy 
to break those life-long tics ; but when the choice narrowed to union 
or disunion patriotism triumphed. They no longer met as a political 
party, but as loyal citizens, recognizing the fact that civil war had 
been forced upon the general government, despite all reasonable 
efforts to avoid it, and they saw the path of duty plainly. 

In a similar vein, on the following evening, a large meeting of 
the leading Irish citizens of Boston and vicinity declared them- 
selves for the hearty support of the national government and the 
Commonwealth. Their ancestors had fought in the armies of the 
colonies to secure the freedom of the Ainerican people, and in the 
bosom of the l)cneficent government thus established millions of 
the oi)itressed of Ireland had found a refuge from the evils of their 
native land. Though almost exclusively democrats, they could not 
countenance any attempt at the disruption of the republic, and were 
ready to offer even life itself for its perpetuity. A few days later 
the New England Association of the Soldiers of 1812 met at the 



TUE LOYALTY OF THE PEOPLE. 17 

home of their president, Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, and as may 
well be supposed did not separate until they had [ironounccd in un- 
mistakable phrases for the cause of the nation in whose behalf almost 
half a century before they had borne arms. They had lonir since 
])asscd the age when it was possible for them to take the field, 
though they might still do something for instruction and discipline; 
l)ut they called earnestly ujion the youth of the land, without refer- 
ence to party, to " give a lirm suj)port to the government, the con- 
stitution, the Union and the enforcement of the laws." 

The public mind seemed to have little interest save in the various 
bearings of the one important topic. On the 24th of April ex- 
Governor Banks was to have lectured before the Mercantile Library 
Association ; but in a letter to the committee he declined to fulfill 
the engagement, declaring that the preservation of the government 
of his country should be the only subject in the mind of any citizen 
of the United States at that time. The aldermen of the city of 
Boston also unanimously adopted resolutions pledging to its fullest 
the moral and material support of the city to the President. The 
people were called on to bury all party differences and ally them- 
selves in vindication of the violated laws. While declaring that 
the rebellious states stood defenseless as assailants of the common 
polity of nations, they assured the loyal in the revolted states that 
they would be faithful to all the compacts and compromises of the 
constitution, and urged upon the President the pursuance of such a 
constitutional policy as would conciliate and harmonize. 

These and multitudes of kindred expressions of patriotism were 
nobly supported by the financial power of the state. On the 18th 
of A})ril, when it became evident that the demands upon the state 
treasury were to be much greater than had been provided for, the 
l)anks of Boston offered to the governor ten per cent of their capital 
stock of rf3G,000,000 as a voluntary loan, to be furnished as re- 
quired, relying for its repayment upon the good faith of the Legis- 
lature when it should again meet. Nor was this or any other 
patriotic action confined to the city of Boston. Throughout the 
state the banks and moneyed institutions joined in pledging gener- 
ous sums as loans to the Commonwealth, as well as in moral and 
material support of every nature. The Boston Board of Trade, 
meeting on the same day, after the usual expression of devotion to 
the cause of the nation, called upon the President to take the most 



18 • MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

vigorous measures to restore authority, and especially to protect the 
commerce of the nation from the piratical cruisers recently author- 
ized by the president of the Confederacy. 

The anxiety in the latter respect may have had a tinge of selfish 
interest, since the coast of Massachusetts, including Boston Har- 
bor, ^as absolutely defenseless. In the harbor, in fact, there were 
three forts, but they were without garrisons or any adequate arma- 
ment. Fort Winthro]) had not a single gun ; Fort Warren had but 
one ; and while Fort ]ndc])endence had some 20, most of them were 
trained upon the city and not one on all the coast was properly 
placed for defense. The interior of the forts was filled with wooden 
buildings and rubbish, the condition of all being a menace rather 
than a protection to the city, while the casemates were unfit for 
human occupation. The governor had already urgently represented 
this state of affairs to the authorities at Washington, but without 
result, though finally permission was obtained to garrison Fort In- 
dependence, and the New England Guards, or Fourth Battalion, 
were given the i)rivilcge which they had solicited of forming the 
garrison, the order l^eing issued to them on the 24tli of April. 
Large sums had already been subscribed by the business men of the 
citv to meet the expense of such coast defense as it was possible to 
make. On the 1st of May ^lajor General Andrews of the First 
Division, Massachusetts Militia, was assigned to the command of 
Forts Warren and Indejiendence, and directed to prepare them for 
the reception of some of the regiments then in process of forma- 
tion for three years' service. 

Some excitement was occasioned on the 24th of April by the 
arrival in the harbor of the United States steam frigate Niagara 
and the rumor that her officers and crew were in sympathy with 
secession and would turn the vessel over to the rebels. Under the 
circumstances, Governor Andrew directed the oath of allegiance to 
the United States to l)c administered anew to all on board, which 
12 of the officers, wliosc homes were in southern states, refused to 
take. One of them, Lieutenant lirown, was by direction of the 
governor arrested for uttering treasonable sentiments, but later was 
discharged and allowed to drpart with his disloyal associates. On 
the same day orders were received at the Charlestown Navy Yard 
to put every vessel available for service in readiness for sea, and in 
consequence work was at once pushed on the eight vessels which 



CARING FOR THE VOLUNTEERS. 19 

were there awaiting repairs, requiring the employment of a large 
additional force of men in the yard. 

These and other events occurring in such rapid succession Ijrought 
the i)u1)lic pulse to fever heat. Before the last of the troo])S from 
the state had heen sent forward, and while the 19th of April was 
being observed by celebrations of the first event in the war of the 
Revolution, intelligence came l)ack that the day had been consecrated 
afresh liy the martyrdom of Massachusetts men in the streets of 
Baltimore while on their way to protect the capital of their country, 
and the realization that war had opened in fact came home to the 
peoi)le. Three days later a large meeting of the women of Charles- 
toAvn was held, presided over Ijy the wife of Mayor Hutchins, at 
which was organized " The Soldiers' Relief Society," the first of 
the myriad list which throughout the state and the country did so 
much to mitigate the hardships of war. The object of this organi- 
zation was declared to be to " hold communication with the families 
of the soldiers, and tender them sympathy, counsel and aid." At 
the meeting it was stated that the city government had ap})ropriated 
810,000 for the relief of families of volunteers, that private dona- 
tions for the same purpose had been made, and that ten physicians 
of the city had tendered their ])rofessional services for the same 
object free of charge. Like action was taken by the Massachusetts 
Homeopathic Medical Society on the evening of the same day, and 
subsequently by many other physicians and societies. 

As the necessity for women's aid in the military hospitals be- 
came apparent, the medical commission issued a call for volunteer 
nurses, to be instructed if not already qualihed, and at the same 
time announced that the services of Miss Dorothea L. Dix had been 
accepted by the secretary of war for the organizing of hospitals and 
instruction of nurses. To this call, as to all others on the patriot- 
ism of the state, the response was ami)le, and the re(juired number 
were soon in training or on duty. 

With the outbreak of the war, Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis, a woman 
of most generous impulses, conceived the idea of a donation com- 
mittee, whose purpose it should l)e to receive and distribute the 
thousands of articles designed for the comfort and convenience of 
the soldiers, and for this purpose she at first opened her own house. 
Soon afterward the proprietor of the Evans House on Tremont 
street offered free head-quarters at his hotel, and there, under the 



20 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE n^AR. 

able superintendence of Mrs. Gray, the business of receiving the 
supplies and distributing them to the volunteers grew to immense 
proportions. Another organization with head-quarters at Boston 
but emljracing the entire state in its scope was originated by the 
business men of that city and other parts of the Commonwealth, 
known as the " Soldiers' Fund Society," the object of which was to 
secure a fund to be held for the future needs of soldiers and their 
families, in case the war should be so prolonged as to make this 
care a tax upon the generous charity at that time so freely poured 
forth. 

"The Ladies' Industrial Aid Association" may also be mentioned 
among the benelicent institutions of the time, its object being to 
assist those women who performed the sewing and like manual 
work for the contractors under the urgent calls for military cloth- 
ing and supplies. This association, of which Mrs. Charles Russell 
Lowell was president, received the articles from the contractors, 
superintended their distril)ution among the needlewomen, and by 
means of contributions from benevolent persons were able to pay 
the laborers about twice the amount allowed by the contractors, 
thus materially helping many poor and needy families. 

Later an auxiliary branch of the United States Sanitary Com- 
mission was organized, rendering efficient aid in the great work of 
that noble institution. While these greater and central measures 
were being put into o])eration in and about Boston, other portions 
of the state were equally jiatriotic and doing equally efficient work 
in similar lines. Without regard to age, sex or social condition, 
all were ready and anxious to do whatever might be done for their 
country and its defenders. Even convicts in the state-prison labored 
day and night without com])laint in the preparation of the supplies 
reipiired for the out-going volunteers. 

Thus while the dreadful enginery of war was being prepared and 
its " sinews " furnished in the most unstinted measure, the messen- 
gers of gentleness and mercy were equally busy in putting into 
operation agencies of humanity, that so far as possible the horrors 
might be soothed and the hardships averted. 



I 



CHAPTER III. 

The State and the United States — Buying Muskets In England — 
Garrisoning the HAinsoi; Forts — The Three-Years' Troops — Record 
FOR the Year ISGl — Maryland's Reparation. 

AFTER the (l('i)artui\' of the three-months' regiments, official 
communication between the authorities of Massachusetts 
and those of the United States became so dilatory and 
unsatisfactory that Governor Andrew appointed a commission of 
four distinguished citizens to proceed to Washington and directly 
represent the state. This commission consisted of ex-Governor 
George S. Boutwell, Attorney General Foster, Judge E. Rockwood 
Hoar and William L. Burt. In addition to their general representa- 
tive cajjacity, these persons were to give special attention to the 
condition of the forts in Boston Harl)or, making arrangements for 
their armament and garrisoning; they were also to investigate gen- 
erally the needs of the ]\Iassacliusetts troops in the service, and to 
urge the acceptance of more regiments and for longer terms of ser- 
vice. Mr. Boutwell left Boston, April 23, and on reaching the 
head-quarters of General Wool, commanding the Department of 
the East, at New York, held an important interview with that ofh- 
cer, the result being a dispatch back to Governor Andrew to send 
immediately a cargo of provisions by steamer to General Butler's 
command at Annapolis ; and instructions were more formally sent 
that the governor should take the responsibility of garrisoning the 
forts in Boston Harljor and fitting out three armed steamers as a 
r coast guard and for other duty which might be required. Perinis- 
« sion was also granted for the state to draw 4,000 Windsor rides 
^^"with sword l)ayonets from the government arsenal at Watertown. 
While Mr. Burt returned to ]\rassachusetts with the official communi- 
cations relating to these matters, his associates proceeded to Wash- 
ington, where l)ut little was accomplished in the way of definite 



22 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

results. A Massachusetts agency was, however, established there, 
for the supervision of all matters pertaining to the receipt and dis- 
tribution of supplies sent forward by the Commonwealth, and other 
business transactions between the two governments. The agent in 
charge was at first Charles Russell Lowell, Jr. ; but he being soon 
commissioned in the regular cavalry, the place was taken by 
•Colonel Charles H. Dalton of Boston, who was commissioned 
assistant quartermaster general. 
/ The sending forward of provisions by armed steamer, as well as 

the necessity for such vessels for the proposed coast guard, called 
for prompt action, and Governor Andrew turned to John M. Forbes, 
an inlluential citizen of Boston, for assistance in the matter. Mr. 
Forbes had already rendered valuable service, and it had been 
largely through his representations that the two regiments then 
safely landed at Fortress Monroe had been sent by steamer direct 
from Boston instead of going by rail to Annapolis, as had been 
contemplated in the order calling for them. Mr. Forbes, knowing 
well what vessels were available for the contemplated service, soon 
bargained for and secured two which met the requirements, — the 
Cambridge and the Pembroke. Half of the cost of these vessels 
was paid by the State and half ])y the Board of Underwriters. The 
Cambridge was at once fitted out and sailed in a few days, loaded 
with 30 days' rations for 4,000 men. purchased for the state l)y Mr. 
Forl^es. After some delay and negotiation the vessel was sold to 
the navy department. 

In the mean time, while the people of the loyal states were 
springing to the defense of the imperiled government, there were 
next to no effective weapons with which to arm them. The only 
way out of the dilemma had early been sensed by Governor Andrew, 
and on the 25th of April Mr. F. B. Crowninshield sailed from New 
York for England with a letter of credit of 50,000 pounds sterling, 
to purchase arms for Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine, 
receiving also a commission and funds from Connecticut, and later 
being authorized to act for other states. He was accompanied by 
an expert armorer, Charles ^IcFarland, detailed by the command- 
ant of the national armory at Springfield for the purpose of in- 
specting the arms ])rop()sed to l)e ]»urchased. Mr. Crowninshield 
reached London on the Gtli of May, and found the few rifles for sale 
in England in great demand. The vessel by which he had crossed 



PURCHASE OF ENFIELD RIFLES. 23 

the ocean, the Persia, had taken over many orders as well as an 
agent for the state of NeAV York, while rei)rescntatives of the seces- 
sionists were also in quest of wea})ons. At Birniinuhani one lot 
of 25,000 Enfield rifles, the former price of which had been 60 
shillinus each, was sought by a southern agent at 100 shillings 
each; but Mr. Crowninshield was given the preference at that price 
and bought 2,000, obtaining other lots for immediate delivery to a 
total of 5,000 ; in addition to Avhich he placed contracts in behalf of 
his own state for upward of 14,000 rifles and 10,000 sets of equii> 
ments. These were valuable weapons, and did good service in the 
hands of Massachusetts patriots, though not considered by the 
soldiers as desirable as the then latest pattern of the Springfield 
rifled nnisket. Valuable service ^vas also given in the matter of 
])rocuring arms by Lucius B, Marsh of Boston, afterward colonel 
of the Forty-seventh Regiment, who received the thanks of the 
Executive Council for his efforts. 

About the same time, Dr. Samuel G. Howe, an eminent Boston 
physician, was sent by the governor to inspect the troops of Gen- 
eral Butler's brigade, and investigate complaints of suffering Ijy the 
Fifth Regiment; which latter was on investigation found to.be due 
to the loss of rations, blankets, etc., intended for the regiment, 
which had been mixed with United States supplies at Annapolis 
and distributed to other commands. The attack on the Sixth Regi- 
ment also brought into immediate consideration the matter of pro- 
viding hospital accommodations for those soldiers who should be 
brought back sick or wounded and through the application of Dr. 
William J. Dale the doors of the Massachusetts General Hosi)ital 
were freely opened to all such, provision also being made for the 
erection of temporary buildings in connection with the main hosjii- 
tal if needed. 

Being unable to make any arrangement with the general gov- 
ernment for the protection of Boston Harljor, Governor Andrew, 
even before receiving the sanction of General Wool, took the 
responsibility of prompt action in garrisoning the two larger forts 
with detachments of the state militia. The Fourth Battalion of 
Infantry under Major T. G. Stevenson was placed in Fort Inde- 
pendence April 24, where it remained till the 21st of May when it 
was relieved by the Fourth Battalion of Rifles, Major Samuel H. 
Leonard commandino; — the latter battalion being soon recruited 



24 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and orsi-anized as the Thirteenth Regiment of three-years' volun- 
teers. In like manner, on the 29th of April, Fort Warren was 
occupied by the .^econd Battalion of Infantry, :Major Ralph W, 
Newton, which remained till the 1st of June, when it gave place to 
the Eleventh Regiment, then in process of formation. The two 
forts were in command of Major General Samuel Andrews of the 
Massachusetts Militia during the month of May, when he was re- 
lieved. Brigadier General Ebenezer W. Pierce was assigned to the 
command of Fort Warren on the 13th of May, l)ut on the 27th, 
having been appointed to succeed to the l)rigade command of Gen- 
eral Butler, promoted to major general, he left for Fortress Monroe, 
turning over the command of the Fort to Brigadier General Joseph 
Andrews. A camp was also formed on Long Island, Boston Har- 
bor, and placed in charge of Brigadier General William W. Bullock, 
where various companies of Irish volunteers were gathered, the in- 
tention Ijcing to form two distinctively Irish regiments. The camp 
was broken up, however, when the Ninth Regiment was ordered to 
the front, June 12, and was not again occupied for some time. 

The departure of the militia regiments for three months' service 
had been but the signal for a general and spontaneous si^ringing to 
arms. In every considerable town recruiting ottices were opened 
and enlistments began, the adjutant general having on the 20th of 
April been directed by the governor to authorize the formation of 
com])anics by all applicants for the privilege who were deemed 
qualilied, while in some cases full regiments had been recruited 
almost at once. Such was the case with the so-called " Webster 
Regiment," afterward the Twelfth, of which Fletcher Wabster,son 
of Daniel Webster, was the leading spirit, being made its colonel. 
Mr. Wel)ster addressed a mass-meeting in State Street, Boston, on 
Sunday, the 21st of April, when he declared himself ready to de- 
fend the Union and the Constitution in the Held as his father had 
done in the forum, and called for volunteers. Within two days the 
proposed regiment was more than filled. Before it could be organ- 
ized, however, the national government had declared that no more 
troops would be taken for three months, when the members of the 
command almost unanimously changed the term of their enlistment 
to three years. 

Six days after tlic meeting at which ^Ir. Wel)ster so nobly ))ut 
himself on record, a notable speech was made on Chester S(piare 



THE FIRST THREE-YEAliS' CALL. 25 

by Hon. Edward Everett, candidate of the Bell-Everett faction of 
the di'niocratic ])arty for vice-]jresident the ])revions autumn. The 
s])irit of his intensely ])atriotic address was contained in the words: 
''AH former differences of opinion are swei)t away. We foru'et 
that we ever have been partisans. We remember only that we are 
Americans, and that our country is in })eril." He was followed by 
Benjamin F. Hallett, for nearly a generation a leader in the demo- 
cratic party, who echoed the spirit of Mr. Everett's words. On the 
same afternoon these speakers, with others, also made addresses at 
Caml)ridge. These were but individual instances which in spirit 
and purpose Avere duplicated in all sections of the state. 

During the two weeks which followed the departure of the regi- 
ments iirst called for, the governor had not ceased, directly and in- 
directly, to press upon the President, the secretary of war and other 
officials the wish of Massachusetts to send forward other troops, 
men who, in the governor's words, in addition to fighting could 
'■ do any other things for which there may be occasion, from dig- 
ging clams to making piano-fortes." At last President Lincoln, on 
the 3d of May, issued his first call for volunteers to serve for three 
years. The call was for 39 regiments, but it was not imtil the 22d 
of the month, 19 days afterward, that the proportion to be furnished 
by Massachusetts was designated l)y the secretary of war. .^i.\ 
regiments would be allowed the state, and in his communication 
under date of the loth Secretary of War Cameron said : — 

I have the honor to forward you inclosed herewith the i)lau of 
organization of the volunteers for three years,, or during the war. 
Six regiments are assigned to your state ; making, in addition to the 
tico regiments of three-months' militia already culled for, eight regi- 
ments. It is important to reduce rather than to enlarge this number, 
and in no event to exceed it. Let me earnestly recommend to you, 
therefore to call for no moj'e than eight regiments, of which six only 
are to serve for three years, or during the war, and, if more are 
already called for, to reduce the number by discharge. In making up 
the (juota of three-years' men, you will please act in concert with the 
mustering officers sent to your state, who will represent this depart- 
ment. 

Inadequately as this tardy official action met the earnest desires 
of Massachusetts patriotism, it seemed all that could be hoped for 
at that time from the Washington authorities, and an order was 
at once issued by Governor Andrew designating the regiments 
which would be furnished in response to the call. They were: 



26 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The First, Colonel Robert Cowdin, to rendezvous at Camp Cameron, 
North Cambrido-e; Second, Colonel George H. C4ordon, Camp An- 
drew, West Roxburv ; Seventh, Colonel Darius N. Couch, Camp 
Old Colony, Taunton ; Ninth, Colonel Thomas Cass, on Long Island; 
Tenth, Colonel Henry S. Briggs, on Hampden Park, Springfield; 
Eleventh, Colonel (Jeorge Clark, Jr., at Fort Warren. The organi- 
zation of these regiments differed materially from the standard of 
the Massacluisetts militia, being made to conform with that of the 
United States Army. The regiment was to consist of ten com- 
panies, each of which was to have a captain, two lieutenants, and 
a maximum of 98 enlisted men. The regimental field officers con- 
sisted of a colonel, lieutenant colonel and major, the staff com- 
prising adjutant, quartermaster, chaplain, surgeon, assistant sur- 
geon, sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant, commissary sergeant, 
hospital steward, and two principal musicians. A band of 24 pieces 
was also allowed each regiment. This organization was practically 
unchanged during the war, except that about a year later the regi- 
mental bands were discarded, those in service being mustered out, 
and'an additional assistant surgeon was added. 

Naturally there were cases of friction and dissatisfaction with 
the methods of the state government, though they were neither 
numerous nor serious. Perhaps the most important of these was 
in connection with the organization of the Ninth Regiment. At the 
time the three-months' troo])S were called for, two offers Avere made 
to raise Irish regiments, one of which was by Colonel Thomas Cass, 
a capable militia officer. Both regiments were authorized and 
would have been quickly filled for the short term of service ; but 
when it was announced that no more would be accepted for three 
months the matter of enlistment became a more serious one, and 
the two skeleton organizations, then known as the Thirteenth and 
Fourteenth Regiments, went into camp on Long Island to fill their 
ranks. This had not been completed when the call for six regi- 
ments for three years came, and Governor Andi'ew decided that 
one of these sliould be composed of Irishmen. Colonel Cass's com- 
mand was selected, as it was within 200 of being filled ; it was 
designated as the Ninth Regiment, and instructions were issued to 
draw from the GOO men enlisted for the Fourteenth sufficient to fill 
the Ninth, that it might be mustered into the United States service. 
This order was strongly resented by those aspiring to be officers of 



SIX EEGIMEyTS TO ^IIE FRONT. 27 

the Fourteenth, and though sufficient men were finally obtained by 
the adjutant general to lill Colonel Cass's regiment, so much ill- 
feeling resulted that it became necessary to disband the remaining 
organization, many of the men having left the island and returned 
to their homes, or going to other states to enlist, not being legally 
held to the service either of the state or nation. 

The six regiments accepted were mustered in by the United States 
officers as follows : The Second on the 25th of May ; Ninth, June 
11; Eleventh, June 13; First and Seventh, June 15 ; Tenth, June 21. 
The First left for Washington on the day of its muster, and was the first 
three-years' regiment to report at the national capital; the Eleventh 
followed on the 24th and the Ninth on the 26th of the same niDuth. 
The other three regiments went forward during July, the Second on 
the 8th, the Seventh on the loth, and the Tenth on the 25th. 
. The rules which u-overned the numbering of the volunteer rciri- 
ments were that the numbers should be independent of those of 
the state militia, except such of the latter as had been called into 
the national defense, and that there should be no duplicates in the 
same arm of service ; consequently the First, Second and Seventh 
Regiments of three-years' troops took the vacant numbers among 
the three-months' militia regiments, while the latter, nominally 
the same organizations though really much changed, once or twice 
afterward went into service with their former designations. 

Brief as had actually been the time since the outbreak of hostili- 
ties, though seeming long from the multitude of important events 
crowded into it, many other regiments were in an advanced state 
of organization, while all parts of the state were filled with unas- 
signed companies and parts of companies ready and anxious to be 
fitted for the field and sent forward Governor Andrew, therefore, 
did not cease, chilling as was the tone of the secretary of war, to 
urge that more soldiers might be called from the state. In the 
prosecution of this purpose he enlisted the sympathies of General 
Hiram Walbridge of New York, who earnestly desired a vigorous 
prosecution of the war, and through his intercession with President 
Lincoln ten more regiments were called for from Massachusetts, 
the decision being reached at Washington on the 17th of June. 
This important news was received a few days after the departure of 
the First Regiment, and the necessary steps for filling and forward- 
inii" the new lew were vigorouslv taken. 



28 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Webster's Twelfth Regiment, which for two months had 
been im])atiently waitintr for the summons to duty, was mustered on 
the 26th of June and on the 23d of July left for the front. The other 
regiments under the call were those in numerical order up to and 
includipg the Twenty-first, their commanding officers and places of 
rendezvous being as follows : Thirteenth, Colonel Samuel H. Leon- 
ard, Fort Independence ; Fourteenth (afterward changed to First 
Heavy Artillery), Colonel William B. Green, Fort Warren ; Fif- 
teenth, Colonel Charles Devens, Jr., Camp Scott, Worcester ; Six- 
teenth, Colonel Powell T. Wynian, Camp Cameron, Cambridge ; 
Seventeenth, Colonel Thomas J. C. Amory, Camj) Schouler, Lynn- 
field ; Eighteenth, Colonel James Barnes, Camp Brigham, Read- 
ville ; Nineteenth, Colonel Edward W. Hincks, Camp Schouler, 
Lynnfield ; Twentieth, Colonel William Raymond Lee, Camp Mas- 
sasoit, Readville ; Twenty-first, Colonel Augustus Morse, Camp 
Lincoln, Worcester. The Thirteenth left the state July 30, and by 
the 28th of August all the others had gone except the Twentieth, 
which did not leave until the 4th of September. 

The policy of the administration had now changed to one of 
energy in the direction of gathering and organizing troops, and 
from that time forward Massachusetts had no occasion to find fault 
that the United States government was not ready to take her regi- 
ments as fast as they were ready for the iield. Li fact, so great 
was the anxiety at Washington that some of the regiments referred 
to were sent on before they were fully organized. Congress had on 
the 22d and 25th of July authorized the President to accept 500,000 
volunteers, to be called forth at his discretion, showing both the 
])urpose of the people, as expressed through their representatives, 
to maintain the national government, and as well their confidence 
in the man who had been placed at its head. 

The necessities of the service required occasional changes in the 
governor's staff, mostly in the nature of additions, in order to meet 
the ever-growing demands, and among those worthy of note may 
be mentioned the ap|»ointment of Surgeon General Dale as acting 
assistant surgeon of the United States Army, that he might represent 
the general government in the medical department. He served in 
this capacity until July, 1862, when Surgeon McLaren of the regular 
army was sent to the state, hi October, Colonel Charles Amory of 
Boston succeeded (reneral Stone as master of ordnance, serving 



NEW ENGLAND ROOMS AT NEW YOUK. 29 

until January, 1863, when the office was discontinued. In addition 
to Charles H. Dalton, whose services at Washington have already 
been referred to, William P. Lee and Waldo Adams of Boston were 
appointed assistant (piartcrmasters general, — all the above named 
serving gratuitously in their respective positions. 

Another important appointment was that of Frank E. Howe, a 
Massachusetts man doing business in New York, who was commis- 
sioned assistant quartermaster general with the rank of lieutenant 
colonel. Mr. Howe had offered the use of rooms in his store on 
Broadway, with the services of himself and his employes, for the 
benefit of Massachusetts soldiers passing through the city. The 
offer was gratefully accepted by Governor Andrew, who made 
Colonel Howe the agent of the Commonwealth in the metropolis. 
The services of this eminent ])atriot were also engaged by other 
New England governors, and his establishment became, famous as 
the "New England Rooms," — a hos])ital and home for soldiers from 
all the eastern states. The expenses were met l)y voluntary sub- 
scriptions of the liberal and patriotic of New York city, and the 
enterprise developed into one of the notable benefactions of the war. 

All commissions up to the rank of colonel for officers of Massa- 
chusetts organizations entering the United States service were issued 
by the governor, in accordance with the general regulations. To 
decide properly in all cases it was necessary to appoint an examin- 
ing board, and the three major generals of the state militia — Sutton, 
Morse and Andrews — were constituted such a board, being assisted 
by some of their staff officers. From the 25th of April to the 24th 
of May, 1861, this board passed upon the qualifications of 641 per- 
sons who had been chosen as officers under the system of election 
then in use, of which number 602 were accepted. A medical com- 
mission was also appointed l)y the governor to {)ass upon the qualifi- 
cations of those seeking i)laces as surgeons. The following eminent 
physicians were selected for this purpose: Drs. George Hayward, 
S. D. Townsend, John Ware, Samuel G. Howe, J. ^lason Warren, 
S. Cabot, Jr., R. M. Hodges, George H. Lyman and Surgeon General 
Dale. This board served during the war, acting also as an advisory 
body with the surgeon general when desired. To vacancies which 
occurred from time to time Drs. George H. Gaylord, Samuel L. 
Abbott, John C. Dalton and R. W. Hooper were appointed. Con- 
scientious effort was mndo l)v the governor to (jbtain the best ]iossi- 



30 3IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ble officers for all troops leaving the state, and he consequently gave 
little heed to a circular from the secretary of war received about 
this time, suggesting that the age limit, except for graduates of 
West Point or those of established military reputation, should not 
exceed 22 years for lieutenants, 30 for captains, and 35, 40 and 45 
for major, lieutenant colonel and colonel respectively. 

In the midst of the preparation and excitement attending the 
departure of the three-years' regiments occurred the anniversary 
of the battle of Bunker Hill, ever a notable day in the calendar of 
Boston. On this occasion the celebration was an event of intense 
interest. The exercises were held at the base of the monument, and 
Colonel Webster of the Twelfth Regiment was among the speakers, 
— his address on that occasion being his last public utterance. 
Governor Andrew also gave an address, and at its close unfurled 
from the summit of the monument a flag, which from that conspic- 
uous elevation floated continuously until the close of the war. 

The departure of the various organizations already designated 
by no means closed the enlistment books through the state. Thus 
far only infantry regiments had gone forward, but those were sup- 
plemented during the autumn by five batteries of light artillery, 
one of which — the Second — left the state August 8, none of the 
others going until October. The First Regiment of Cavalry was 
authorized about the first of September and recruiting for it began, 
though it was not filled until winter. On the adjournment of Con- 
gress, Senator Henry Wilson was authorized by the secretary of 
war, with Governor Andrew's consent, to raise a special command, 
and being warmly seconded by the governor organized the Twenty- 
second Regiment at Camp Schouler, Lynnfield, from whence it set 
out for Washington on the 8th of October. Attached to it were 
the Third Battery of Light Artillery and the Second Company of 
Sharpshooters. The latter remained permanently with the regi- 
ment. The First Com]jany had gone out with the Fifteenth Regi- 
ment, but was a more independent organization. 

The "Burnside Expedition" next called for five regiments, which 
were recruited in different parts of the state. The Twenty-third, 
Colonel John Kurtz, succeeded the Twenty-second at Camp Schouler, 
and left the state for the rendezvous at Annapolis, Md., November 
11. The Twenty-fourth — New England Guards Regiment — Colonel 
Thomas G. Stevenson, gathered at Camp Massasoit, Readville, and 



THE NOBLE RECORD OF A YEAR. 81 

started for Annapolis December 9. The Twenty-fifth, Colonel 
Edward Upton, was formed at Camp Lincoln, Worcester, and was 
the first of the five to start for Annapolis, leaving Massachusetts 
October 31. The Twenty-sixth was organized at Camp Chase, 
Lowell, Colonel Edward F. Jones Ijeing its commander, and the 
regiment being largely an outgrowth of the ^Sixth Regiment of 
Baltimore fame. The Twenty-first Rogiment having been attached 
to General Burnside's command, the Twenty -sixth was assigned to 
General Butler and on the 21st of November sailed for Ship Island, 
being the first volunteer regiment to reach the Department of the 
Gulf. The Twenty-seventh, Colonel Horace C. Lee, organized at 
Camp Reed, Springfield, left for Annapolis on the 2d of NovemV)er. 

Notwithstanding the unpleasantness at Long Island, a second 
L'ish regiment, the Twenty-eighth, was formed during the year, 
though it did not leave the state until the 11th of January, 1862. It 
was organized at Camp Cameron, Cambridge, William Monteith of 
New York was commissioned colonel, and it sailed for Hilton Head, 
S. C, being the first Massachusetts regiment sent to the Dc})artment 
of the South. The Twenty-ninth Regiment was made up of seven 
companies of three-years' volunteers which had Ix^en sent to Fort- 
ress Monroe to fill the Third and Fourth Regiments. After the re- 
turn of those regiments the seven companies remained as an in- 
dependent battalion under command of Captain Joseph H. Barnes 
until permission was given by the secretary of war to raise the com- 
mand to the dignity of a regiment by the addition of three com- 
panies, Brigadier General Ebenezer W. Pierce of the Massachusetts 
Militia being commissioned its colonel December 13. 

Besides these comi)lctcd organizations, and some which had been 
formed to do duty within the state for short periods, including a 
guard at the state arsenal at Cambridge during the month of May, 
largely composed of students of Harvard College, a battalion of 
four companies had been recruited for duty at Fort Warren, forming 
the nucleus of what was afterward the Thirty-second Regiment. 
General Butler was organizing two regiments in the state independ- 
ently of the state authorities, six companies had gone to NeV York 
to join the " Mozart " Regiment and Excelsior Brigade, and 300 had 
enlisted in the Union Coast Guard, an organization formed at Fort- 
ress Monroe- under the auspices of the state of New York, and 
commanded by Colonel Wardrop, formerly of the Third Massachu- 



32 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

setts. The navy had also claimed many of the sons of the Old Bay 
State, no less than 7,658 having- enlisted at the Charlestown navy- 
yard. Thus within nine months from the first appeal to her patriot- 
ism, the Commonwealth had furnished an aggregate of 41,294 
defenders of the national government. 

In the grand work thus summarized, the efforts of the state 
authorities had been most ably seconded by those of the towns and 
cities. Everywhere there had been the most earnest emulation, not 
only to fill the various (juotas of volunteers, but to furnish means 
and supplies, — to do anything, in short, which should aid in the 
great work of saving the Union. It is not possible to detail the 
acts of the several communities ; they are generally recorded in the 
local annals, to which the student may ever refer. 

Before the close of the year a most gratifying and unexpected 
event was the appropriation by the Legislature of Maryland of the 
sum of $7,000 for the benefit of the families of those Massachusetts 
soldiers killed in the streets of Baltimore on the 19th of April. 
This honorable action was fittingly acknowledged by Governor An- 
drew, who received the money and caused it to be equitably divided 
among the families of the slain and to those wounded in the riot. 
The effect of the act was to dispel to some extent the intense bit- 
terness which the people of the Commonwealth had felt toward the 
city of Baltimore, though it could not by any means obliterate the 
memorv cf the unprovoked slaughter. 



CHAPTER IV. 



CHARACTEKISTICS OF GOVKBNOK AnDKEW — CaRE FOR SiCK, WoUNDED AND 

Captured Soldiers — Massachusetts Agencies at Washjngton and 
Elsewhere — Relations of the State and National Authorities — 
Cross Purposes of General Butler and the Governor. 

IX the manifold and often perplexing relations of those trying 
days, the eharaeter of (rovernor Andrew manifests strongly 
three ruling characteristics — intense patriotism, a just pride in 
his state, and an ever-i)resent, symi)athetic humanity. As a loyal 
citizen of the Union he not only yielded implicit obedience to all 
demands made upon him as the executive of the Commonwealth, 
but he seized every opi)ortunity to uphold and strengthen the hands 
of the President and his subordinates. Thus we find him in as- 
semblages of the loyal governors, met for counsel as to the duties 
and the opportunities before them, ever hopeful when others were 
despondent, urging always the strong, earnest measures which 
should attest the invincible determination of the national authorities 
for the maintenance of the Union, the most vigorous prosecution 
])0ssible of the war and the speedy re-establishment of the Federal 
authority. His pride in the work of his own state and in the de- 
votion of her sons was in keeping with this patriotic sentiment and 
was its correlative. In every stage of the contest thus far the sons 
of Massachusetts had borne an honorable and a i)rominent part, 
and he was earnestly zealous that they shoidd continue to lead. In 
addition to the negotiations which he was constantly conducting 
with individuals in every part of the state in regard to the enlist- 
ment of troops to apply on the various quotas, he did not hesitate 
to ajjpeal by printed address to the people at large, urging not only 
enlistments on the })art of those capable of becoming soldiers, l)ut 
pleading with others to aid, by contributing of their abundance or in 
whatever way they might be able, the cause of the common country. 
The governor was es})ecially anxious that everything possible 



34 ilASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

should be done to furnish articles for the comfort of the soldiers 
sent out from the state, whether they might be in the ranks at the 
front, sick or wounded and in hospital, or prisoners of war. He 
believed in a thorouiih and relentless })rosecution of the Avar, so long 
as it might be necessary, while at the same time he was anxious 
that so far as possible its horrors should be ameliorated. It was in 
this direction that, through all the years of the contest, his warm 
concern for the soldiers was manifested. It was not enough that 
representatives of the Commonwealth and staff officers were sent 
wherever it was felt that there might be need of investigation or 
intercession. With all the load of responsibility and the manifold 
duties resting on him, we find the governor continually giving his 
own energies to the investigation of complaints and ministering to 
the needs of the humblest as well as the demands of the more in- 
fluential. At one time he intercedes for a poor young man, ren- 
dered insane by the severity of the service, who had killed a comrade 
and was under sentence of death, obtaining his acquittal and a dis- 
charge ; and again we find him making sure that the religious con- 
victions of the soldiers are fully respected. Now he is investigating 
a rumor that some of the soldiers are imperfectly su]iplied with 
necessary articles, and finding it true, he hastens to supply their 
wants, sharply rebuking a responsible officer that the needs of the 
men had not l)een attended to ; while he investigates other charges 
and finds them unfounded. He learns that a private soldier is 
under arrest for a grave military offense for which it is possible 
that there may be palliating circumstances, and writes to make 
sure that full justice is secured the unfortunate, while at the next 
moment he pens a letter to the foreign father of a brave officer who 
has been wounded in battle, conveying words of appreciation which 
the grateful sire will never forget ; and then turns to forward a 
check which some kind citizen has contributed that the suffering 
soldiers in the field hospitals may be ministered to. While he 
seeks to learn the burial j)lace of an enlisted man whose friends 
desire to recover his remains, and directs that the body of a dead 
officer be embalmed and returned to Massachusetts that it may be 
buried with the honor l)efitting his rank, he devotes the whole 
energy of his nature to a successful attempt to procure the release 
of certain ^lassachusetts men wIkj had been enlisted by emissaries 
from a neighboring state under false ]>retenses. 



THE EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS. 35 

From the first, Governor Andrew was extremely anxious that the 
United States authorities should effect arrangements for the prompt 
exchange of prisoners of war, and he urged the matter with all the 
eloquence at his command. The reports of privations endured by 
the Union soldiers who had fallen into the hands of the enemy — 
though insignificant compared with the prison pen horrors later in 
the war — touched his heart, and he was especially moved when 
after the battle of Ball's Bluff a number of Massachusetts officers, 
including Colonel Leo and Major Revere of the Twentieth Regi- 
ment, Avere confined as hostages in the county jail at Richmond, 
Va. Writing to the President in December of that year, the gover- 
nor pleaded strongly for the adoption of immediate measures for 
the release of these captives from their sad condition. Speaking 
of these officers he said : — 

All of them are gentlemen and soldiers who have no superiors in 
any sphere of human life in all those qualities which ought to com- 
mand respectful treatment — are imprisoned in felons' cells., fed on 
felons' fare, in a common jail; huddled together in a space so narrow 
that there is not air enough for health or comfort ; allowed, for ex- 
ercise, to promenade half an hour each day on a narrow pathway sur- 
rounding their prison, and especially exposed to disease by the fact 
that some of their companions, who are grievously sick, are not re- 
moved to hospitals. 

He contrasted this ])ieture with the condition of affairs at Fort 
Warren, in Boston Harbor, were numerous Confederate prisoners, 
including Mason and Slidell, were confined, enjoying every privilege 
consistent with retaining them in custody, and receiving equal con- 
sideration with the officers of the garrison in all matters pertaining 
to their personal comfort and welfare. 

But though the immediate release of the Massachusetts men in 
the hands of the Confederate authorities could not be effected, steps 
could be and were taken for the amelioration of their condition. 
Blankets, clothing and other articles of which they were in need 
were furnished in abundance and sent forward to Richmond, where 
Adjutant Peirson of the Twentieth Regiment was allowed by the 
prison authorities to distribute the articles among the needy Massa- 
chusetts men. Lieutenant Peirson, in reporting the fact to the 
home authorities, stated that he had provided for the needs of 
nearly 400 Massachusetts soldiers at Richmond, in addition to which 
he had sent a portion to those in Now Orleans and Tuscaloosa. 



iJG MASSACUU^ETTS IX TttH: WAR. 

While, notwithstanding the warm-hearted philanthropy displayed 
everywhere, the preparations for the expected work of mercy were 
still crude, the sufferers began to surge northward from the fast- 
multiplying battle-fields. 

A few wounded men from Ball's Bluff had been brought to their 
homes in the fall of 1861, though most had fallen into the hands of 
the enemy. Thus far, however, not enough had come back to re- 
quire special preparations for their transportation or reception; but 
at the oj)ening of the Burnside campaign in North Carolina the 
conditions changed, and from that time there was little cessation 
to the sorrowful procession. 

The news of the battle of Roanoke Island reached the state on 
the 15th of February, 1862, and Governor Andrew at once dis- 
patched a member of his council, Dr. Alfred Hitchcock of Fitch- 
burg, to the scene of operations to look after the ]\[assachusetts 
wounded. Dr. Hitchcock, being an eminent surgeon and possessed 
of much executive ability, filled the requirements t)f the position 
admirably. On the 7th of March he set out for the North with 125 
wounded and sick aboard a transport, landing at Baltimore on the 
evening of the 9th. The progress thence was slow and tedious, 
especially for the imfortunatc soldiers. The transjiortation of such 
sufferers in considerable numbers was a new experience for all in- 
1 crested, and kind as were the hearts of all the loyal peo})le, few 
hands had been trained to just the work that was needed, so that 
there Avere some annoying delays and not a little resultant suffering. 
But all of the 76 Massachusetts men in the party reached their 
homes or a hospital by the 13th. As a result of these earlier ex- 
periences, Massachusetts agencies were established at Baltimore and* 
Philadelphia, so that the sick and wounded of the state were sure 
of being cared for at all large cities en. route to their homes. 

The most important of these humane agencies was that at Wash- 
ington, which during most of the war was under the care of Colonel 
Gardiner Tufts of Lynn, who was appointed during the summer of 
1862. The agency, however, was established directly after the ar- 
rival of the Sixth Regiment, with its wounded, April 10, 1861, 
when several natives of Massachusetts resident at the national 
eajiital formed an organization to care for the needy soldiers from 
their native state. George W. McClellan, second assistant post- 
master-general, was the first jiresident of the association. The 



ESTABLISHMENT OF AGENCIES. 37 

supreme court room in the Capitol Avas fitted up as a hospital, and 
the duties of matron were assumed by Miss Lander of Salem, a 
sister of General F. W. Lander. As the demands ujwn this agency 
increased with the opening of hostilities in 1862, the work was 
systematized and extended under Colonel Tufts until it not only in- 
cluded an active oversight of the Massachusetts sick and wounded 
in the 60 hospitals in and al)out Washington, but reached to the 
battle-fields and the temporary hospitals in their vicinity. This 
work was most efficiently done, and embraced alike an oversight 
of the living soldiers, whether well or disabled, and care for the re- 
mains of the dead. A nol)le Dedham woman, ^Irs. Jennie L. 
Thomas, aided Colonel Tufts in the discharge of his duties during 
most of his term. The names of 36,151 sick or wounded soldiers 
from the state were recorded at the Washington agency, and the 
expense to the Massachusetts treasury was some 835,000. During 
the last year of the war a branch was maintained at Annapolis 
which gave especial attention to the soldiers from Massachusetts 
who had been or were prisoners of war. 

The agency at Baltimore was established under direction of 
Governor Andrew to meet the necessities of the situation, being- 
placed in charge of William Robinson of that city, who had won 
favorable notice through his kindness to the wounded of the Sixth 
Regiment on the 19th of April, 1861. Mr. Robinson died before 
the close of the war, leaving to other hands the completion of the 
work. At Philadelphia, Robert C. Carson was placed in charge of 
the immediate interests of the Massachusetts soldiers passing 
through the city. These positions were naturally of less import- 
ance than those at Washington and New York, especially in the 
case of Philadelphia, whose citizens were so thoughtful and gener- 
ous to soldiers from all the .states ; but much valuable service was 
rendered by the agencies in their respective fields. 

Nor did the prei)arations already referred to for the comfort and 
assistance of the soldier exhaust the range of beneficent work. 
While the pay of the volunteer was not large, every inducement 
was extended for him to save at least a portion of it for the com- 
fort of those dependent upon him, or for his own use upon his re- 
turn to civil life. Congress having provided on the 22d of July, 
1861, for the application of the allotment system to the volunteer 
soldiers, three allotment commissioners were appointed liy the Presi- 



38 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

dent for each state ; those for Massachusetts, nominated by Gover- 
nor Andrew, were Frank V>. Fay of Chelsea, Henry Edwards of 
Boston and David Wihler, Jr., of Newton. They were appointed 
in February, 1862, and at once visited all the Massachusetts' organi- 
zations then in the field, besides i>resenting the matter to those 
subsequently formed. So well was the work done that members of 
41 regiments or batteries took advantage of the system. By this 
plan a portion of the soldier's pay was deducted by the United 
States paymasters and sent directly to the state treasurer, by whom 
it was distributed to the recipients named in the act of allotment, 
through the various city and town treasurers, or placed in the state 
treasury at interest until claimed by the soldier. In this way over 
$^3,000,000 was sent home by Massachusetts soldiers, independent 
of the sums sent directly by the soldiers after every visit of the 
paymaster. Thus a great amount was saved for the comfort of 
families at home which would otherwise have been squandered, and 
the tax upon town and state authorities was doubtless measurably 
lightened. 

There were naturally and unavoidably many complications, mis- 
understandings and delays arising from the adjustment of state and 
national authority in respect to the regiments called into the 
national service. Under the Massachusetts militia system the offi- 
cers were elected, and, as the term of the militia regiments in 1861 
was short, no question arose as to the method of filling vacancies 
which might result during their absence. With the volunteer organi- 
zations for longer terms of service the elective method was dropped 
and the officers of the regiments and companies were selected and 
commissioned by the governor. IIow the vacancies which occurred 
after the commands left the state were to l)e filled was not at first 
clear; but during August, 1861, it was settled that the adjutant 
general of the United States should report the vacancy to the gov- 
ernor, who should issue the commission to such jierson as he might 
select, and this custom, with modifications in the case of certain 
troops which will l»e noted in the proper place, continued during 
the war. Another and financially a more important settlement was 
arranged a few weeks later, liy Avhicli the national government re- 
imbursed the state to the amount of -i^775,000 for stores and sup- 
plies whii'h had already been furnished, and arrangements were 
madr covci-ing future traiis:ictions of like nature. These nejrotia- 



ANDREW AND BUTLER DISAGREE. 3'.) 

tions were conducted at Washington by Quartermaster General 
Reed and Colonel Browne, Governor Andrew's private secretary. 
But with the ablest efforts of the state officials, justice could not in 
all cases be obtained, and one of these failures was in connection 
with some companies of Massachusetts men who had been enlisted 
for the "Mozart" Regiment — a New York organization. As these 
men could not be credited to the quota of Massachusetts, and under 
the act of the Legislature their families were shut out from the 
privileges of state aid, the governor made application for their trans- 
fer to a Bay State regiment, being desirous that they should be 
united with the seven companies then at Fortress Monroe, which 
afterward became the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment. This 
request, however, was not granted, and the companies were never 
credited to the state, though an amendment by the Legislature at 
its next session extended the provisions of the State Aid act to the 
families of the men. 

The closing months of 1861 and the beginning of 1862 were 
made unpleasant by a serious misunderstanding and bitter conflict 
of authority between Governor Andrew and General Butler. In 
fact, from the very first there seems hardly to have been harmony 
between the two. Both were strong, self-reliant, determined men ; 
the governor was, as has been shown, deeply in earnest in carrying 
out his plans and intolerant of interference with his prerogatives ; 
the general Avas ecpially determined upon the accomplishment of 
any purpose to which he was committed, and his methods were any- 
thing but conciliatory to those from whom he chanced to differ. 
The first evidence of diversity of views appears soon after the ar- 
rival of General Butler at Annapolis, when he tendered to Governor 
Hicks of Maryland the services of the Eighth Massachusetts Regi- 
ment for the suppression of a negro insurrection should one occur, 
as was then apprehended. The rumored uprising did not take place, 
and was not even contemplated ; but on being informed of the action 
taken by General Butler the governor expressed his disapproval, 
claiming that the troops should be moved forward to Washington 
as soon as possible for the protection of the national government. 
General Butler replied with a strong letter justifying his course ; 
but by making the correspondence public weakened his otherwise 
strong position. The estrangement was deepened during his com- 
mand at Fortress Monroe, when he received further criticism from 



40 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the governor, who intimated that the general was not as careful as 
he should have been of the personal comfort of some of the Massa- 
chusetts troops under his eonanand. 

Early in the autumn of 1801 General Butler began preparations 
for what finally took form as his New Orleans expedition. A jiart 
of his duty in that connection was the raising of the troops of which 
it was to be composed, as the national government had none that 
could be spared. Unfortunately a similar expedition was then being 
titted out — that of General Sherman with head-quarters at New York, 
which was destined for the North Carolina coast, and which, Sherman 
being transferred to another command, was finally organized under 
the direction of General Burnside, with head-quarters at Annapolis. 
Three regiments from Massachusetts, enlistment for which was then 
in })rogress, had been promised to General Shei'man, and strenuous 
efforts were being made for their completion, when on the 28th of 
August Captain David K. "NVardwell was granted permission by the 
secretary of war to raise a regiment of volunteers in Mas?achusetts. 
Governor Andrew refused to recognize his right to do this, but he 
was authorized to raise for the Twenty-second Massachusetts Regi- 
ment, then in process of organization, a company of which he was 
commissioned captain. Serious trouble had already arisen in other 
states over the giving of these special permits to recruiting ofticers, 
and Governor Andrew protested in behalf of his own state. Quar- 
termaster General Reed and Colonel Browne were then in Washing- 
ton, and upon presenting the matter to the President and the secre- 
tary of war received the assurance that no further permits of this 
nature should be granted, but that the governor should have ex- 
clusive control of the organizing of troops within the state. 

All ]iossible efforts were therefore bent to the completion of the 
regiments for Sherman's expedition, when on the lltli of Se})teni- 
ber the governor received from Washington official intelligence that 
General Butler purposed raising six regiments in New England, 
for which the disi)atcli, signed by the President as well as the secre- 
tary of war, asked the consent of Governor Andrew. The latter 
replied at once, asking that the state be called on for such troops 
as were desired, and offering as soon as the regiments intended for 
General Sherman were filled to "help General Butler to the utmost." 
Without replying definitely to this communication, Secretary Came- 
ron on the 12th issued an authorization to General Butler "to fit 



THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW EXGLAM). 41 

out and jircpare such troops in New England as ho may judge fit 
for the purpose " of his expedition. Four days after this paper was 
issued came a Special Order from the adjutant general at Washing- 
ton which directed -all persons having received authority from the 
War Department to raise volunteer regiments .... in the 
loyal states .... placed under the orders of the governors 
of those states." This was what Governor Andrew desired, and he 
immediately issued a Sjx'cial Order, designating the organizations 
then in process of formation, and directing that till they were filled 
no new regiments or comjjanies should be formed without permis- 
sion from the state head-quarters. General Butler was not inclined 
to acquiesce gracefully with the wishes of the governor, and on the 
1st of October another General Order was issued from the adjutant 
general's oftice at Washington, creating the New England states a 
military department, to be commanded by Major General Butler 
"with head-quarters at Boston while recruiting his division. 

On estal)lishing head-(piarters General Butler opened correspond- 
ence with the governor, reijuesting published authority for the en- 
listment of an infantry regiment and a squadron of cavalry ; but 
this authority was not given, the governor declining to take any 
different course in the case of General Butler from that pursued 
with General Sherman and later with General Burnside. It is un- 
necessary to follow the controversy and the correspondence in de- 
tail. The Twenty-sixth and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Regiments 
were assigned to General Butler when organized ; in addition to 
which the general established one camp at Pittsficld and another 
at Lowell. At the former a regiment was organized, known for a 
time as the "- Western Bay State Regiment," — afterward the Thirty- 
first ; while at Lowell the "Eastern Bay State Regiment" — the 
Thirtieth — was raised, with the Fourth Light Battery and three 
unattached companies of cavalry. These two regiments and four 
companies left the state without their officers having been commis- 
sioned, no adjustment having been reached in the matter. Gover- 
nor Andrew protested earnestly to the authorities at Washington 
against the course taken by General Butler, but it was not until 
Jan\iary, 1862, that the position taken by the governor was recog- 
nized. A satisfactory settlement was then effected ; the " Depart- 
ment of New England " was abolished, and commissions for the 
two reu'iments and the companies were issued by the governor. 



42 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

This unfortunate experience seems to have convinced the general 
government that it could not with safety interfere with the enlist- 
ment of troops in the loyal states, and nothing further occurred to 
mar the harmonious relations in this direction which thenceforth 
existed between the authorities at Boston and those at Washington. 
In commissioning the officers of the regiments raised by General 
Butler, Governor Andrew declined to recognize the field officers 
and some others selected by General Butler, and this refusal un- 
doubtedly wrought hardship in some cases, where months of faithful 
service had been given in good faith on the part of those thus dis- 
appointed. But most of these were provided by General Butler 
with staff positions or commissions in organizations recruited in 
the seceded states, and several such rose to high rank and marked 
distinction before the close of the war. 



CHAPTER V. 



The State Election of 1861— Supplementary Legislation— RECKUiTrNO 
Offices Closed — "The Banks Scare" — The Call for SOO.OoO Three- 
years' Troops— And for a Like Number for Nine Months — Tue Politi- 
cal Campaign of 1862. 

WHILE these important events connected with the prosecu- 
tion of the war had been in progress, the first state 
election subsequent to the outbreak of hostilities had 
"taken place. Two tickets only, the Republican and the Democratic, 
were in the field. The Democratic convention was first held, meet- 
ing- at Worcester on the 18th of September, 1861. Moses Bates of 
Plymouth was its chairman, and on calling the assemblage to order 
he delivered the customary speech, the tone of which as announc- 
ing the spirit of his party had been awaited with an interest ap- 
proaching suspense. The friends of Union and Freedom were not 
disappointed at his utterance. While differing with the Republicans 
as to matters of state policy, he declared emphatically for the sup- 
port of the national government and a vigorous prosecution of the 
war until peace should be conquered. Other speeches of like tenor 
followed ; in fact, no dissenting voice was heard in the assembly, 
and the resolutions, reported by a committee of which A. R. Brown 
of Lowell was chairman, voiced the same sentiment. Isaac Davis 
of Worcester was nominated as the candidate for governor, Edwin 
C. Bailey of Boston for lieutenant governor, Charles Thompson of 
Charlestown for secretary of state, Mr. Bates for treasurer, and 
Edward Avery of Braintree for attorney general. 

The Republican convention also met at Worcester on the 1st of 
October, Congressman Henry L. Dawes chairman.* Mr. Dawes in 
his opening address made an eloquent, patriotic and liberal si)eech. 
While reaffirming the policy of his party in state and national 
affairs, he recognized appropriately the loyal devotion of the great 
body of the Democratic party and its leaders in the state. Governor 



44 21ASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Andrew was unanimously renominated by acclamation for a second 
term ; but the tilling of the minor olHces on the ticket was placed 
in the hands of a committee with a view to securing a fusion with 
supporters of fhe general government outside <tf the party. This 
committee reported the names of Edward Dickinson of Amherst 
for lieutenant governor, Richard Frothingham of Charlestown for 
secretary of state, Henry K. Oliver of Salem for treasurer, Levi 
Reed of Abington for auditor and Dwight Foster of Worcester for 
attorney general. The convention rejected the name of Mr. Froth- 
ingham, a life-long democrat, and renominated Oliver Warner for 
a second term ; the name of Josiah G. Abbott of Lowell was sub- 
stituted for attorney general, and thus amended the ticket as re- 
ported was placed in nomination. Mr. Dickinson and Mr. Abbott 
represented the fusion element, the former being a Conservative, 
never having joined the Republican party, and the latter being a 
straight-out Democrat. Subsequently both declined the nomina- 
tion, John Nesmith of Lowell being named for lieutenant gover- 
nor, and Mr. Foster for attorney general. 

While the convention was earnest and strong in tone, the mem- 
bers were by no means unanimous in their view of the national 
situation. The dominant sentiment was that of implicit support 
of President Lincoln and his associates at Washington, mingling 
with which was a strong flavor of conservatism — a desire to con- 
ciliate and unite all factions upon a broad and generous basis of 
loyalty. This was the purpose which prevailed in the conven- 
tion ; but there was a strong radical minority ready to demand the 
abolishment of slavery and the use of colored men in the Union 
army. Senator Sunnier addressed the assemblage earnestly in this 
vein, and Rev. James Freeman Clarke offered a resolution of like 
tone ; but neither the views of jMr. Sumner nor the resolves of Mr. 
Clarke found favor with the convention. It is interesting to note 
the conservatism pervading the mass of the loyal people of the state 
at this time. While yielding to none in patriotism and devotion, 
they were only anxious that the armed rebellion should be subdued. 
They were not yet ready for the strong blow which should remove for- 
ever the prime cause of the revolt — the institution of slavery. This 
conservatism naturally gave deep oifense to the more radical of the 
abolitioni.sts, who were alarmed lest the speedy close of the war 
should leave the great cause of the rebellion still in existence. 



THE VERDICT AT. THE POLLS. 45 

The election took place on the 5th of November and showed how 
strondv the people indorsed Governor Andrew and his administra- 
tion : — there was no question of the indorsement of the national 
irovernment, for the state had no ticket in the held rcpresenting op- 
jiosition to it. The total vote was small, being but 97,321, for 30,- 
000 of the sons of Masoachnsetts were in the field to fight for their 
country and there was then no provision for casting and recording 
their l)allots. Governor Andrew received 65,261 votes, Mr. Davis 
31,264, with 756 scattering ; the majority for Andrew was 33,201 — 
more than the entire vote against him. The Legislature, prin- 
cipally Republican in its membership, was unanimous in support 
of the war, and thus in no uncertain manner was heard the voice 
of Massachusetts. 

The Legislature met on the 1st day of January, 1862. It organ- 
ized Ijy the choice of John H. Clifford of New Bedford for president 
ol' the Senate, and Alexander H. Bullock of Worcester as speaker of 
the House. Both officers on assuming their duties referred to the 
war and the necessity for united and patriotic action. Mr. Clifford 
voiced the prevailing sentiment when he said, "Whatever may be 
his profession, he is no true patriot, who, in this season of his 
country's peril, cannot rise to such a hight as to lose sight of all 
those lines of political difference which in more peaceful and pros- 
perous times have divided the people of the Commonwealth, or who 
is not ready to sacrifice everything but principle to make and keep 
them a united people." 

The inauguration of the Governor occurred on the 3d, when his 
annual address Avas read. Its tone was in keeping with his previous 
utterances. After showing that the state had already expended for 
military i)urposes nearly •'i<3,400,000, aliout a fourth part of which 
had been refunded by the United States, not to mention the sums 
expended by the cities and towns, he referred at considerable length 
to the exposed condition of the Massachusetts coast, for the pro- 
tection of which the national government had as yet taken no active 
measures. Adverting then to the cause of the rebellion and ex- 
pressing his firm belief that eventually the institution of slavery 
must be overthrown, he yet affirmed his willingness to await the 
coming of that event as it should be wrought out by the develop- 
ments of the future. Speaking for himself and in behalf of the 
state Govcrni~)r Andrew said : — 



46 MASSACHUSETTS IN TEE WAR. 

Let him lead to whom the people have assigned the authority aua 
the power. One great duty of absorbing, royal patriotism, which is 
the public duty of the occasion, demands us all to follow. Placed in no 
situation where it becomes me to discuss his policy, I do not stop even 
to consider it. The only question that I can entertain is what to do, and 
when that question is answered, the other is what next to do, in the 
sphere of activity where it is given to me to stand ; for by deeds, and 
not by words, are this people to accomplish their salvation. Let ours 
be the duty in this great emergency to furnish, in unstinted measure, 
the men and the money required of us for the common defense. Let 
Massachusetts ideas and Massachusetts principles go forth, with the 
industrious, sturdy sons of the Commonwealth to propagate and in- 
tensify, in every camp and upon every battle-field, that love of equal 
liberty, and those rights of universal humanity, which are the basis 
of our institutions ; but let none of us who remain at home presume 
to direct the pilot or to seize the helm. To the civil head of the 
national state, to the military head of the national army, our fidelity, 
our confidence, our constant, devoted, unwavering support, rendered 
in the spirit of intelligent freemen, of large-minded citizens, con- 
scious of the difficulties of government, the responsibilities of power, 
the perils of distrust and division, are due without measure and with- 
out reservation. 

Numerous laws and resolves relative to war measures were passed 
during the session of the Legislature ; but they were mostly in fur- 
therance of measures already taken. Among other acts, towns 
were given authority to appropriate money in aid of the families of 
volunteers, the governor was authorized to arrange for the relief of 
sick and wounded soldiers, to take them to their homes, and for the 
treatment of such as could be accommodated at the state hospitals — 
all at the expense of the Commonwealth. The treasurer was in- 
structed to receive and distribute the money sent home by soldiers, 
which was also exempted from attachment ; the governor was em- 
powered to build iron-clads for the defense of the coast ; and the 
action of the Maryland Legislature in regard to those members of 
the Sixth Regiment woimdcd in Baltimore and the families of those 
killed was properly acknowledged. 

The w^inter and s))ring passed, after the departure of General 
Butler's exj)edition, with very little activity so far as enlistments 
w^ere concerned. It was a period of waiting, anticipation, trial and 
preparation. The general government had magnificent armies in 
the field waiting for the opening of the campaign, and it was fondly 
anticipated that the troops already raised would be able to effect 
the speedy close of the rebellion. 



ALMOST A PANIC AT WASHINGTON. 47 

. Early in April, 18G2, the rccruitinti; olliccs throuiiliout the loyal 
states, which had passed under the- direct control of the war de- 
partment, were closed. Colonel llannil)al Day of the United States 
Army was at that time in charge of the recruiting service in Mas- 
sachusetts. The governor had previously applied for permission 
to increase the battalion then in Fort Warren to a full regiment, to 
be known as the Thirty-second ; but authority to raise even the four 
additional companies for that purpose could not then be obtained. 
Permission was, however, granted during April to raise some 750 
recruits to replace the losses of the Massachusetts regiments of 
Burnside's North Carolina expedition. 

On the 14th of May an inquiry was received from the war depart- 
ment as to the ability of the state to raise four additional regiments 
at short notice, but no order to proceed was then received. What- 
ever might have been in contemplation, other action was precipi- 
tated by the disaster to General Banks's command in the Shenandoah 
valley and what M'as known as " the Banks scare " in Washington. 
It was in consequence of this mishap that on the 25th Governor 
Andrew received this telegram from the secretary of war : " Send 
all the troops forward that you can, immediately. Banks is 
comi)letcly routed. The enemy are, in largo force, advancing on 
Harper's Ferry." This dispatch was followed the same day by 
another of even more startling import : " Intelligence from various 
quarters leaves no doubt that the enemy, in great force, are advanc- 
ing on Washington. You will please organize and forward im- 
mediately all the volunteer and militia force in your state." 

Orders were at once issued for the assembling of all the state 
militia on Boston Common, and within 48 hours 4,000 soldiers were 
there ready and anxious to set out for the front. But by that time 
the scare had somewhat abated. General Banks had with much 
skill extricated his command from its peril and again faced the 
enemy, so that the order for the militia was countermanded and the 
men returned to their homes. The battalion from Fort Warren, 
however, six companies under Lieutenant Colonel Parker, was sent 
to the front and permission was given to recruit it to a full regi- 
ment, — the Thirtj^-second. A))out this time some companies of 
cadets and heavy artillery were raised for duty in the forts on the 
coast, and on the 28th of May two new regiments, the Thirty-third 
and Tbirty-fourth, were authorized. The former encamped at 



48 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE IV A R. 

Lynnfield and the latter at Camp Wool on the fair-grounds at 
Worcester, 

Recruiting for these regiments was proceeding, not very rapidly, 
when the country was electrified by the retreat of General Mc- 
Clellan with the Army of the Potomac from before Richmond and 
the call on the 4th of July for 300,000 men to serve for three years 
or during the war. Governor Andrew issued his order on the 7th 
for 15,000 volunteers as the (juota of Massachusetts under this call. 
To expedite the raising of these troops, a new method was adopted 
])y which each city and town was called upon for its proper propor- 
tion of the whole number. The result was a new impetus in the 
matter of enlistments, the local officials putting forth every exertion 
to meet the demands made upon them. There was one drawback, 
however, — that it induced great competition among citizens for com- 
missions in the new regiments, and many such were necessarily 
granted. In not a few instances it would have been much better 
could the governor have followed out his original purpose to pro- 
mote brave and worthy soldiers already in the field. In addition to 
completing those already in process of formation, it was decided to 
organize seven new regiments, to be numbered from the Thirty -fifth 
to the Forty-first inclusive. For a short time the recruits from the 
five western counties assembled at Worcester, and those from the 
rest of the state at Lynnfield; but about the first of August Camp 
Briggs was established at Pittsfield, where the Thirty-seventh Regi- 
ment, drawn from the western portion of the state, was organized. 

Within two months from the day that Governor Andrew issued 
his call the nine regiments had been filled and mustered ; eight of 
them had left the state for active service, and in addition over 4,000 
recruits for the old regiments in the field had been sent forward. The 
Thirty-third regiment went first on the 11th of August, the Thirty- 
fourth followed the next day. the comjtanies to complete the Thirty- 
second went on the 20th, and the Thirty-fifth Regiment on the 
22d ; the Thirty-eighth was Init two days later and the Thirty-sixth 
followed within a week ; three other regiments, the Thirty-ninth, 
Thirty-seventh and Fortieth, Avent on the 6th, 7th, and 8th of Sep- 
tember respectively. All of these organizations rej)orted at Wash- 
ington ; the Forty-first Regiment (afterward the Third Cavalry^, 
being destined for Louisiana, did not leave the state until the 4th 
of November, wlien it I'Cjtorted to General l^anks at New York and 



THE CALL FOR NINE-MONTUS' TROOPS. 49 

sailed thence for New Orleans. In the mean time two batteries of 
light artillery, the Ninth and Tenth, had been organized and sent 
forward to Washington. 

While this stupendous task of enlisting 15,000 men for a long 
period of service was being prosecuted with great energy — in ad- 
dition to the demands in behalf of the organizations in the field, 
nearly all of which were engaged in active and destructive cam- 
paigning — a second and even more startling call came from Wash- 
ington on the 4th of August, when the President called for 300,000 
additional men to serve for nine months and to be raised by draft. 
Of this number IMassachusetts was asked to furnish 19,090. Yet 
so great was the energy put forth by the state and local officials 
that, notwithstanding numerous perplexing delays, the Massachu- 
setts quota was raised by voluntary enlistment. In addition to 
difficulties in the matter of muster and transportation for the nine- 
months' troops which produced many delays and annoyances, the 
governor was seriously embarrassed by his failure to obtain credit 
on the quota of the state for the thousands of Massachusetts seamen 
who had already gone into the United States Navy. This was a 
difficulty experienced in common with other New England states and 
one which added heavily to the burden of those trying days. 

The nine-months' regiments were organized on the plan of the 
Massachusetts Militia, the line officers being elected by the com- 
panies when filled, the field officers being in turn chosen by the 
ballots of the company officers. The five militia regiments which 
had responded at the first call in 1861 were at that time about 
going into camp for the annual muster ; their ranks were recruited, 
new companies being formed in some instances, and they were sent 
forward as part of the quota. In addition 12 new regiments, from 
the Forty-second to the Fifty-third inclusive, were organized. So 
earnestly was the matter of recruiting carried forward that on the 
23d of August the governor issued an order recommending that 
throughout the Commonwealth, and especially in the cities and 
larger towns, business should be suspended during the afternoons 
of the coming week, and that the time and influence of every citizen 
be given to encouraging enlistments ; by the example of his own 
enrollment, if within the prescribed limits of age and health, and, 
if not, by stimulating the patriotism of his neighbors. This course 
was generally pursued and in a few days Governor Andrew tele- 



50 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

graphed to the secretary of war that nothing was being done 
afternoons in Massachusetts except recruiting. 

In addition to the 17 regiments, one battery of light artillery, the 
Eleventh, was enlisted for nine months ; this ended the work of 
1862 as far as the sending out of new organizations was concerned. 
As practically all the work of sending forward the 27 regiments, 
7000 recruits to the old organizations and a number of artillery and 
infantry companies had been crowded into the last half of the year, 
the Commonwealth might well congratulate itself upon what it had 
accomplished. Illustrative of other demands requiring attention 
during this time, it may be stated that following the battle of Manas- 
sas, 41 first-class surgeons and nine car-loads of hospital stores 
were sent from the state within 24 hours after intelligence was 
received that they were needed at the front. 

Before the completion of the various regiments and companies 
above designated, the attention of the people was again drawn to 
political matters. The Republican state convention met at Worces- 
ter on the 10th of September. It renominated Governor Andrew 
with all his associates on the state ticket of the previous year ex- 
cept the lieutenant governor. Mr. Nesmith declining to be again a 
candidate, Joel Hayden of Williamsburg was nominated for the 
second place on the ticket. After some discussion a committee on 
resolutions was appointed who reported five distinct declarations : 
That Massachusetts would support the national government in the 
prosecution of the war; that slavery ought to be exterminated; 
complimenting the Massachusetts soldiers and expressing sympathy 
for those who had fallen ; pledging support to the President ; com- 
plimenting Senators Sumner and Wilson and favoring the re-election 
of the former by the incoming Legislature ; also strongly indorsing 
the state administration. These were adopted, but there was not 
entire unanimity, especially regarding the reference to Senator 
Sumner. What to do with the institution of slavery was still the 
unsolved problem and one concerning which good and loyal men 
held widely diverse views. 

The Democratic party as such did not hold a convention, but the 
Democrats generally joined with the conservative and dissatisfied 
Republicans in " the People's Convention," which met at Faneuil 
Hall on the 7th of October. This gathering nominated Brigadier 
General Charles Devens, Jr., for governor, Thomas F. Plunkett of 



THE PEOPLE'S SECOND VERDICT. 51 

Pittsfield lieutenant governor, and Henry "W. Paine of Cambridge 
for attorney general. For the rest of the state ticket it indorsed 
the Republican nominees. It also nominated candidates for Con- 
gress in several of the districts, one or two of whom, as will be 
seen elsewhere, were elected. The resolutions adopted declared for 
a vigorous prosecution of the war, and especially indorsed General 
McClellan. A potent factor in the convention seems to have been 
an apprehension that Governor Andrew, at a recent meeting of the 
loyal governors at Altoona, Pa.,had advised the removal of General 
McClellan from his command. This impression was subsequently 
removed, it having arisen entirely from a misunderstanding. Gen- 
eral Devens, a brave and talented soldier and an honorable and 
high-minded gentleman, proved a strong opposition candidate ; but 
the election showed a substantial majority for Governor Andrew, 
his vote being 75,835, that for Devens 52,587, with 1,733 scattering. 
The Legislature chosen also re-elected Charles Sumner to the 
United States Senate, thus practically indorsing his strong and 
fearless stand as an opponent of the institution of slavery. 



CHAPTER VI. 



The Emancipation Proclamation — Raising Colobed Regiments in the 
State — Organizing the Blacks at the South — Generals Andrews 
AND Wild and Colonel Higginson — General Saxton as Military 
Governor— Educating the Freedmen. 

PRESIDENT LINCOLN issued his proclamation of freedom 
to the slave on the 22d of September, 1862, to take effect 
on the first of January following. On the 2d of January, 
1863, Governor Andrew in an order announced the event, directing 
that on the following day a salute of 100 guns be fired on Boston 
common. Previous to this, authority had been given the President 
in express terms by an act of Congress to employ persons of African 
descent and to organize and use them in such manner as he might 
deem best for the public welfare in the suppression of the rebellion. 
Before the month closed an order was issued by the secretary of 
war which read as follows : — 

That Governor Andrew of Massachusetts is authorized, until further 
orders, to raise such number of companies of volunteer artillery for 
duty in the forts of Massachusetts and elsewhere, and such corps of 
infantry for the volunteer military service as he may find convenient; 
such volunteers to be enlisted for three years or until sooner dis- 
charged, and may include persons of African descent, organized into 
separate corps. 

In respect to the proposed colored organizations, it was also 
stipulated by the secretary of war that they should he officered by 
white men, and the governor found it impossible for a long time to 
secure such modification of this requirement as to permit of the 
commissioning of competent colored men who had won distinction 
as enlisted men in actual service. 

Thus far in the war the colored man had been the great problem — 
the innocent cause of uncertainty and dissatisfaction. The destiny 
of his race had ])cen involved, yet he had only been able to assist in 
strenffthening the hands of those who soudit to hold his kind in 



THE FIRST BLACK BEG I ME NT. 53 

bondage ; the thousands of strong and earnest blacks at the North 
who would gladly have poured out their life blood to advance the 
deliverance of their people had thus far been able merely to wait 
and hope for the hour when their services would be accepted. Thus 
far not an organization of colored volunteers had been formed, 
though an effort to recruit a regiment in Rhode Island had Itcen 
made. In this respect, as in so many others, it remained for Mas- 
sachusetts, under the direction of its vigorous governor, to lead. 
The latter had by no means been idle during this time in respect to 
the interests of the black man ; he had urged and agitated, not only 
in behalf of residents of his own state, hut as well with regard to 
the condition of the race at the South. He had urged in behalf of 
the latter that the escaping slaves and those made free by the opera- 
tions of war should remain at the South, where they were already 
acclimated, and enter the military service of the United States ; 
their organization in this way would supplement and support the 
emancipation proclamation, while they were not only better adapted 
to live in a climate to which they were accustomed than at the 
North, but would be able to perform many duties which unacclimated 
soldiers could only do at terrible cost of life and health. In other 
matters pertaining to the welfare of the negro at the South, not only 
the governor but many of the philanthropic citizens of the state 
were deeply interested, as we shall see later in the chapter. 

The first authority to recruit for a colored regiment was given on 
the 7th of February, 1863, by the governor, and on the 14th of May 
the regiment, which was designated the Fifty-fourth, was filled to 
the requirement. In all the proceedings connected with this under- 
taking the state officers proceeded with the utmost care. Not only 
was the governor extremely anxious that this regiment should prove 
a success for the sake of demonstrating the desirability of the in- 
novation which he had so earnestly advocated, but he had also to 
meet a world of prejudice and disparagement, even in those circles 
where it would have been least looked for. Many good and patriotic 
people had a great reluctance to see the colored man in any way 
brought actively into the struggle for the preservation of the nation. 
They felt and argued that in doing this the government was losing 
sight of the prime object — the restoration of the national authority 
in the seceded states — and diverting the war to the secondary object 
of an anti-slavery crusade. And this feeling, it is only just to say. 



54 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

while stronger and more general within the democratic party, was 
not by any means confined to it ; it even entered the ranks of the 
vohmteer soldiery to some extent, and many a brave and worthy 
soldier protested earnestly against being made to serve as an agent 
in an abolition crusade, while numerous desertions which occurred 
about this time may be truthfully credited to this cause. 

It is scarcely necessary to comment at length upon this feature of 
the times. It was a transition era, and many of the actors in the 
great drama little realized the importance of the scenes in which they 
were taking part. They failed to comprehend that, the rebellion 
being built upon the corner-stone of slavery, the structure would 
soonest and most surely fall if that corner-stone were demolished. 
Nor on the other hand, did those who most strenuously maintained 
the inferiority of the negro comprehend, that in making him an 
agent for the deliverance of his race, not only would the arm of 
the national government be strengthened, but as well an important 
step be taken in the uplifting of the whole colored race. These facts 
such clear-sighted men as Governor Andrew then saw, as the whole 
world admits them now, and it was that these prejudices might be 
dispelled as the experiment was wrought out, that the governor ex- 
ercised great care in the organization of the reaiment. 

The first and most important matter was the selection of proper 
officers, for if the ordinary volunteer regiment, made up of educated, 
self-reliant men, was strong or mediocre according to the military 
genius of its officers, how much the more would this be true of the 
blacks. After careful deliberation, therefore, the position of colonel 
of the Fifty-fourth was offered to Captain Robert G. Shaw of the 
Second Massachusetts Volunteers, an exceptionally able officer, a 
graduate of Harvard college, a young man of high social standing, 
representing as he did one of the prominent families of the state, 
and a firm believer in the cause of the colored soldier. Captain 
Norwood P. Hallowell of the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment 
was selected for licutentant colonel from similar considerations, and 
the line officers were gleaned from a long list of available candi- 
dates. The membership of the regiment was made up of men from 
all parts of the Union, who learning that Massachusetts was to put 
a regiment in the field hastened to enter it ; among them were two 
sons of Frederick Douglass, the colored orator, and when on the 
28th of May tlic command passed through Boston to embark for 



TUE COLORED MAN AS A SOLDIER. 55 

the front, receiving a notable ovation from the citizens and thou- 
sands of visitors, the father of these young men was among the 
spectators who bade the organization Godspeed. Deep must have 
been the emotions of this famous man, who had so long and so 
earnestly pleaded for his people, as he beheld his sons going forth 
with arms in their hands to assist in striking the final blows in the 
great cause of emancipation. 

The record of this regiment is fully given in its proper place — 
suffice it to say that within three months it formed the front line in 
a desperate assault on Fort Wagner in Charleston Harbor, South 
Carolina, and settled then and there the question of the colored man 
in actual contest. No troops in the world could have fought more 
bravely than did the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth Regiment, in that 
hopeless night struggle. Colonel Shaw, at the head of his regiment, 
was shot through the heart on the parapet of the fort, and falling 
" inside the inclosure his body was buried by the Confederates in a 
common trench with his dead followers. Thus died, at the early 
age of 25 years, as pure-minded a patriot and as brave a warrior as 
ever drew sword in the cause of lil)erty. 

Before the completion of the Fifty-fourth it was evident that a 
single organization could not receive all who were anxious to enlist, 
and a second regiment was decided upon. Lieutenant Colonel Hal- 
lowell was therefore detailed to attend to the organization of the 
Fifty-fifth, and became its colonel. In less than a month after the 
departure of the Fifty-fourth the Fifty-fifth followed, leaving Boston 
on the 21st of June. It served in the Department of the South, 
with its companion regiment, and much of the time in the same 
brigade. Its record was not less worthy than that of the Fifty- 
fourth, though fortunately it was not called to so severe a test as the 
assault on Wagner. In addition to these two regiments of infantry 
volunteers, a regiment of colored cavalry was raised during the 
winter and spring of 18634, which left for the front early in May, 
1864, under command of Colonel Henry S. Russell, being designated 
the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry. 

It has been said that the colored regiments from Massachusetts 
did faithfully all the duties coming to them as soldiers, and it should 
be added that for more than a year these duties were performed 
while the men were smarting under the sense of a most painful in- 
justice. During all of this time the government had refused to pay 



56 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the enlisted men of these regiments or their chaplains — colored pas- 
tors who had been elected and appointed by Governor Andrew — 
more than the •'r'lO a month paid to colored laborers in the employ of 
the government, though it was clear to any intelligent comprehen- 
sion that they had been enlisted under precisely the same authority 
and conditions as governed the enlistment of white soldiers, who 
were then being paid •'^13 a month for privates and corresponding 
amounts for the non-commissioned grades. With wonderful de- 
votion the members of the two regiments, as often as this sum was 
offered them, refused to accept anything less than the soldiers' pay 
to which they believed themselves entitled — and this though in 
many cases their families were suffering sadly for the long deferred 
money. Even when at the special session of 1863 the Legislature 
of Massachusetts appropriated money to make up the difference, that 
the soldiers might have the means of assisting their families, and 
the governor sent one of his assistant adjutant generals to South 
Carolina to make the payments, the heroic negroes refused to re- 
ceive the amount, insisting that the general government, for whose 
preservation they were fighting, should itself render them justice. 

It is remarkable that during this time no serious outbreak occur- 
red on the part of the wronged men. Great tact and judgment were 
shown by the officers in repressing all tendency to violence and in 
urging the men to wait patiently until their rights could be secured — 
in which they were ably seconded by the more influential of the 
rank and file. In the mean time the governor used every means in 
his power to bring the authorities at Washington to a sense of their 
duty ; the matter was eventually referred by the President to the 
attorney general, Mr. Bates, and his decision, when finally re- 
ceived, was in favor of the soldiers. Still it was not until the 28th 
of September, 1864, — more than 16 months after their muster in — 
that the Fifty-fourth were paid, the Fifty-fifty receiving their due a 
few days later. It is worthy of note that the enlisted' men of the 
latter regiment sent home by Adams Express company, at this pay- 
ment, more than -^60,000 to their families and friends, while the 
sum sent North by the Fifty-fourth exceeded 8100,000. 

While this tardy justice was being secured for the black man, a 
like ])rocess was being wrought out in regard to his right to be made 
a commissioned officer, and again we find Governor Andrew a prime 
mover in the matter. Among those who had enlisted in the ranks 



ENLISTMENT OF THE EX-SLAVES. 57 

of the two colored regiments from Massachusetts were men of in- 
telligence and bravery, some of whom the governor was especially 
desirous of commissioning, but for a long time the secretary of war 
withheld the necessary permission. It was finally granted, how- 
ever, and on the 11th of March, 1864, Sergeant Stephen A. Swailes 
of the Fifty-fourth was commissioned second lieutenant, being sub- 
sequently advanced to first lieutenant, and thus establishing another 
step in the upward march of his race. There seems to be some 
question whether a few commissions had been previously issued to 
colored men in some of the regiments of United States colored 
troops ; but it is certain that Sergeant Swailes was the first of his 
color to receive a commission in the volunteer service of the loyal 
states. 

In addition to the work done at home in raising the three regi- 
ments of colored men sent from the state, Massachusetts officers 
had great influence in the matter of enlisting and organizing the 
ex-slaves and others of the same color in the states partially oc- 
cupied by the Union armies. The first work of this kind done was 
by General IJutler at New Orleans, where a regiment was organized 
soon after his occupation of the city ; but this was composed of free 
men and almost entirely of mulattoes, most of whom were almost 
white. But little was done in that department toward the organiza- 
tion of the negroes as a class until after the fall of Port Hudson, 
when General Banks turned his attention in that direction, and the 
matter was placed in the hands of General George L. Andrews, by 
whom it was very efficiently conducted,*remaining in his charge until 
after the close of the war. All of these men — Butler, Banks and 
Andrews — were representatives of the Old Bay State. 

The next attempt to form a colored regiment in the South, and 
the most important step taken in the dire:ction of arming the frecd- 
men, was in South Carolina, under the direction of General Saxton, 
where the First South Carolina Regiment — afterward known as the 
Thirty-third United States Colored Troops — was mustered in on the 
7th of November, 1862, and the few days succeeding. This was 
the first regiment formed of ex-slaves and brought to a state of 
efficiency, though an unsuccessful attempt had been made earlier 
under General Hunter, and the First South Carolina doubtless 
owed much of its efficiency to the zeal, ability and devotion of its 
commander, Colonel T. W. Higginson of Massachusetts, who in liis 



58 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

book, " Life with a Black Regiment," gives a very interesting pict- 
ure of his experiences and the characteristics of those with whom 
he had to deal. In this department- — that of the South — as that of 
the Gulf, the principal steps, and almost the only ones that gave 
valuable results, were taken by Massachusetts men or in pursuance 
of their ideas. 

The same was true cf North Carolina, where in the spring of 
1863 Brigadier General Edward A. Wild, who as colonel of the 
Thirty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment had lost an arm at South 
Alountain, began the organization of " Wild's Brigade," with which 
for more than two years his name and fame were identified. Like 
those in other fields who led in this work. General Wild was a 
thorough soldier and enthusiastically devoted to the cause of the 
blacks ; it needs scarcely be said, therefore, that he was eminently 
successful in the organization of his Corps D'Afrique. Nor should 
we fail to note the valuable services of General Edward W. Hincks, 
commanding a division of the Eighteenth Corps in the earlier opera- 
tions against Petersburg, where the organization won for itself and 
its commander deserved recognition. Thus in these three import- 
ant southern fields the work of transforming the freedmen into 
efficient soldiers was practically entirely in the hands or under the 
direction of officers from Massachusetts. 

The problems presented in relation to the black man as the war 
progressed were varied, and in the solution of them no state fur- 
nished more noted and worthy agents than did Massachusetts. The 
services of General Rufus Saxton may well be referred to in this 
connection, not only on account of their importance, but because 
General Saxton, though serving in the United States Army, was a 
loyal and devoted son of Massachusetts. He was assigned to duty 
as Military Governor of the Department of the South on the 29th 
of April, 1862, entering upon his duties on the 1st of July follow- 
ing and serving until early in the year 1866. General Saxton was 
directed " to take possession of all the plantations heretofore oc- 
cupied by rebels, and take charge of the inhabitants remaining 
thereon within the department," or whom the fortunes of war might 
bring into it ; and he was given authority to take such measures, 
and make such rules and regulations for the cultivation of the land 
and employment and government of the inhabitants as circumstances 
might seem to require. In these respects he was to be responsible 



GENERAL SAXTON IN TUE SOUTH. 59 

only to the secretary of war, and various military powers Avere con- 
ferred in the exercise of which he was to be subordinate only to the 
major ,t2:cneral commanding the de])artment. His jurisdiction ex- 
tended over the states of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. 
Under his supervision schools for the freedmen were established, 
superintendents over plantations were appointed and the ])cople 
were put at work — at first in gathering the cotton then ripe in the 
fields, and afterward at raising cotton and other crops. The people 
with whom he had to do were the slaves and other colored persons 
-who had been -left on the plantations when abandoned by their white 
owners, as well as those escaping from bondage and seeking refuge 
imder the protection of the Stars and Stripes. 

This was the first experiment in its line, and it was entirely suc- 
cessful under the wise direction of General Saxton. The freedmen 
were at once made self-supporting. Millions of dollars' worth of 
cotton and other valuable products of their toil accrued to the 
United States treasury. Thousands of the ablest men were also 
employed in the army and navy. General Saxton having been author- 
ized about the last of August, 1862, to organize not to exceed 50,- 
000 " volunteer laborers," and not more than 5,000 troops for mili- 
tary service, the latter to be properly organized and instructed by 
competent white officers. Several regiments were formed under 
this order, one of which was the First South Carolina, Colonel T. 
W. Higginson commanding, as before noted. This order antedated 
the emancipation proclamation, but an act of Congress had already 
been passed providing that all men and boys received into the 
United States service, who had been the slaves of rebel masters, 
were with their wives, mothers and children to be declared free and 
so treated by all military commanders. 

On the 16th of January, 1865, General W. T. Sherman, then 
commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi, which em- 
braced the Department of the South, issued " Special Field Orders, 
No. 15," dated at Savannah, Ga., which made explicit provisions for 
the settlement of the freedmen and their families. The islands 
from Charleston south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers 
for 30 miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. 
John's river, Florida, were reserved and set apart for the settle- 
ment of the negroes made free by the acts of war and the procla- 
mation of the President of the United States. After various other 



60 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

specifications, the order detailed General Saxton as inspector of 
settlements and i)lantations, to carry out the provisions of the de- 
cree, furnish titles to the lands occupied, and to enlist and organ- 
ize such negro recruits as were willing to enter the national service, 
the families of all such to be entitled to homesteads. Doubting 
whether the government, after the close of the war, would confirm 
and maintain in their possessions the freedmen who might thus 
acquire lands, General Saxton requested the war department to re- 
lieve him from the responsibility of its enforcement, but this the 
secretary of war declined to do. General Saxton therefore settled 
40,000 freedmen on lands as provided ; but soon after the close of 
the war they were dispossessed and the plantations returned to their 
former owners — General Saxton, who declined to thus cruelly break 
faith with the poor people, having been removed from his command. 
There was one other department of the great common field in which 
men and women of Massachusetts won distinction, though it would 
be difficult to separate their work from that of others — the work of 
educating the freed or escaping slaves, at that time known as '• con- 
trabands." The condition of ignorance in which the black people bad 
been kept in the South was one of the arguments against slavery, and 
no sooner did the progress of the Avar bring the possibility than scores 
of devoted teachers sped to all points where their services could be 
employed and began the work of education. It were difficult to 
imagine a more thankless, trying task than was taken up by these 
devotees of a noble purpose. The imagination will readily conceive 
that only the most exalted heroism could sustain these teachers — 
largely women — through the manifold trials which beset their 
work — the surroundings, the strange character of the masses with 
whom they had to deal, the prejudice, the sneers and taunts, even 
the deprecations of well-meaning friends who had not their heroic 
faith. But all of these annoyances and drawbacks were bravely 
met as the inevitable concomitants of a necessary and holy work ; if 
there were discouragements, they were bridged by hope and trust ; 
many of these people had Avaited long years for the Avork Avhich was 
then opening to their hands, and they had no thought of turning 
from the ripening harvest. Not only children but adults — even the 
black soldiers in many cases — became scholars ; if the health of 
one teacher failed under the trial, another was ready to take the 
vacant desk — and it is jileasing to record that as these pages ])ass 



AN HEROIC BAND OF TEACHERS. 01 

throuuli the press several of those who a quarter of a century since 
took up the work, in this particular direction are still engaged in the 
same line of duty, educating the colored })eople to a proper condi- 
tion to enjoy and appreciate the broader life which the result of the 
war l)rought to them. All honor to the heroic l)and ! 

While these schools were opened at all promising points — and 
there were many such, as will be readily imagined — one of the most 
interesting occasions was the opening of the schools at Richmond, 
Va. The secretary of the teachers' committee, Hannah E. Steven- 
son, was at Norfolk when Richmond was occupied by the Union 
army. With three Massachusetts teachers, blisses Bessy Canedy, 
Lucy Chase and Martha H. Chase, she hastened at once to the fallen 
city, called the colored people together in the largest church and 
began the organization of schools. Great success attended the 
work there, and the Normal School under Miss Canedy's care 
proved an admira1)le institution. 

Of the Massachusetts ])eople who rendered notable service in the 
various departments, the following may be named, though not to 
the disparagement of others who served faithfully and well. At 
the various South Carolina stations, Edward L, Pierce of Milton, 
who organized the educational work in the Department of the 
South, Mrs. Ednah D. Cheney of Jamaica Plain, who was a power 
in the work throughout, Laura Towne, Ellen Murray, Elizabeth H. 
Bottume, Harriet Buttrick, Sarah E. Foster, Selma Wesselhoef, 
Jane Hosmer, Louise Fisher, Fanny S. Langford, Jane B. Smith, 
and Arthur Sumner ; in Georgia, Sarah E. Chase, Caroline Alfred 
and Mary A. Fowler ; at Jacksonville, Fla., Mrs. Esther H. Hawkes ; 
at Richmond, Bessy Canedy, Harriet L, Carter, hu<jy Chase, Angelina 
Ball, Martha H. Chase, Anna F. Clarke, Abby Francis and Annie 
M. BuUard ; at Charlottesville, Ya., Anna Gardner and Philena 
Caskin ; at Washington, Mary E. Pierce ; at Newborn, N. C, Anne 
P. Merriam. Many of these taught in various fields, and their 
work was not, like that of the soldier, ended with the war ; it had 
then only begun, and for ten years afterward it was carried on by 
the same oriranizations. 



CHAPTER VII. 



Defense op the Massachusetts Coast — The Cavalry Eegiments — The 
Draft of 1863 and the Riot— The Light Batteries — Naval Credits — 
The "Veteran" Regiments — The State Election of 1863 — Additional 
Calls for Troops— Special Session of the Legislature. 

THE matter of the defense of the Massachusetts coast should 
be explained somewhat more fully than has been done in 
the casual references to it heretofore, since it was, during 
almost the entire period of the war, a subject of the most import- 
ant concern to the state officials. The defenseless character of the 
Massachusetts harbors, in common with many other portions of the 
coast, was understood by the Federal authorities at the outbreak of 
hostilities, and there was a full appreciation of the standing invita- 
tion thus given to foreign interference by naval means or to a 
sudden dash by some daring Confederate cruiser, which might work 
incalculable damage in many quarters and escape unharmed. In 
recognition of these facts, the department of state on the 14th of 
October, 1861, addressed a letter to the governors of the states 
having coast or lake exposure urging that the ports and harbors be 
put in a state of* complete defense, the expense of doing which 
would be reimbursed by the general government in case the work 
was done in accordance with the ideas of the United States author- 
ities. Governor Andrew at once went to Washington, conferring 
with high engineering authority, and on the assembling of the 
Legislature brought the matter to its attention. Five hundred thou- 
sand dollars was voted for the purchase of heavy cannon suitable 
for the defense of the harbors ; but this sum, liberal as it seemed, 
was found after consultation with capable ordnance officers to 
amount to no more than a third of what would be required for an 
adequate armament. There were other difficulties to be met. The 
general government, on account of its pressing needs in every 



PROTECTION FOR THE HARBORS. 03 

direction, was employing to the fullest capacity all foundries in the 
country capable of casting heavy cannon, and the procuring of such 
from al)road was attended with great perplexity. There was also 
difficulty in settling upon a system which would meet the sanction 
of the authorities at Washington so as to insure the repayment of 
the expense incurred. Practically little was done during 18(32, and 
the matter came before the Legislature of the following winter for 
further consideration. 

The appearance of the Confederate iron-clad Merrimac in the 
spring of 1862, her encounter with the wooden vessels of the United 
States Navy and later with the Monitor, not only produced a tem- 
porary " scare " along the entire coast, but showed the necessity for 
a revolution in the methods of harbor defense and naval warfare. 
The Legislature had authorized the governor to have one or more 
iron-clads built for the protection of Boston Harbor, but before con- 
tracts could be made the general government claimed the field, with 
the assertion that it was ready to employ the utmost capacities of 
the country in the production of such vessels for its own use. The 
state authorities, however, were advised to provide for exigencies 
by a system of harbor obstruction, so that any dangerous visitant 
might be held at bay. Thus nothing practical had as yet been done, 
and when the Legislature met at the close of 1862 it was ready to 
indorse any scheme which promised a reasonable solution of the 
vexing problem. On the 30th of March, 1863, an act was passed 
appropriating a million dollars, to be expended at the discretion of 
the governor and council, and in addition authorizing the inhabi- 
tants of any town on the coast to appropriate sums on their own 
account subject to the approval of the state authorities. Congress 
likewise about the same time made appropriations for assisting in 
the work, and the summer of 1863 began to see progress made 
toward practical results. Besides the work on the forts in the har- 
bor at Boston, earthworks were designed and put in process of con- 
struction for the defense of Xewburyport, Gloucester, Salem, Marble- 
head, Plymouth and Provincetown, as well as a masonry fort at the 
latter place. John M. Forbes was also authorized to make arrange- 
ments in England for the purchase of heavy guns for the manning 
of the works. This he did, to the extent of contracting for some 
20 or more Blakely rifled cannon, nine-inch and eleven-inch guns ; 
but the difficulties of manufacture were so great that the contracts 



64 MASSACUUSETTS IiY THE WAR. 

were never filled, though some parts of guns were sent to Massa- 
chusetts and finished at the Putnam Machine Works at Fitchburg. 

In the mean time the English shipwright Laird, at his yards on 
the Mersey, was constructing iron-clads for the Confederates ; they 
were nearly ready for sea, and their destination was no secret, 
though it was still hoped that the English government would inter- 
fere to prevent their sailing. So threatening was the outlook at 
this time, and so pressing the need for the heavy guns, that in 
September, 1863, Governor Andrew dispatched Colonel Ritchie of 
his staff to England to co-operate with Mr. Forbes in the effort to 
place contracts, and also to oversee their fulfillment, in which he 
was assisted by J. C. Hoadley, an engineer of reputation, who went 
to England soon after. Only seven of the Blakely guns had been 
delivered when the prospect of an early close of the war led the 
state to cancel the contract — which the contractor was but too glad 
to have done. Previous to that time Colonel Ritchie had found op- 
portunity to purchase a considerable number of smooth-bore 68- 
pounders, which had with great difficulty been shipped to Massa- 
chusetts. They were never mounted, however, the efforts of the 
general government with what the state had been able to assist, added 
to the arrangements which had been made for obstructing the en- 
trance in case of necessity, having put the forts in Boston Harbor 
in passable condition. But it should be borne in mind that all through 
the war, in addition to the exertions which the Commonwealth was 
making to raise and send forward men to serve with the armies in 
the field and to man the United States Navy, there was the con- 
stant apprehension inseparable from a knowledge of the defenseless 
condition of the entire coast against anything like a vigorous attack, 
either by Confederate cruisers or a foreign power in case the outside 
complications should at any time reach the stage of actual warfare. 

Reference has already been made to the formation of the various 
infantry regiments up to the Fifty-fifth — which at the close of the 
year 1863 had been the last sent out. During the war the state put 
into the field five regiments of cavalry. Of these, the First, com- 
manded by Colonel Robert Williams, a Virginian and a United 
States Army officer, was recruited in the autumn and early winter 
of 1861, its three l)attalions going to the front on the 25th, 27th 
and 29th of December respectively. The Second Regiment was 
not raised till something more than a vear later, one battalion, 



THE DRAFT AND ITS RESULTS. ca 

largely composed of natives of Massachusetts, being sent on from 
California, while the others were organized at Readvillo. The 
Second was commanded by Colonel Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., one 
of the most brilliant officers sent from the state, who gave his life 
in the cause. Five companies under Major Caspar Crowninshield 
went to the front February 12, 1863, the remainder following on 
the lltli of May. About a month later the Forty-first Regiment, 
then serving in Louisiana, was reorganized as the Third Massachu- 
setts Cavalry, the three detached companies on duty in that state 
being included in the new organization. The Fourth Cavalry was 
composed of a battalion which had been detached from the First 
Massachusetts with eight new companies, the regiment being com- 
manded by Colonel Arnold A. Rand. It went into service during 
March and April, 1864. At about the same time a new battalion 
of four companies was raised and assigned to the First Regiment 
in place of the one detached, and a regiment of colored cavalry was 
recruited, known as the Fifth Massachusetts, Colonel Henry S. 
Russell, and going to the front by battalions on the 5th, 6th and 
7th of May, 1864. With the exception of the battalion of Frontier 
Cavalry, and some additional companies, raised later, these were 
all the mounted troops sent from the state. 

It becomes necessary now to refer to the only draft of importance 
which took place in the state during the continuance of the war. 
This occurred during the months of June and July, 1863, and was 
in pursuance of an act of Congress passed at the session of the 
previous winter. Major Clarke of the United States Army was 
made provost marshal general for the state, with headquarters at 
Boston, assistants being appointed for the several congressional dis- 
tricts. All persons between 20 and 45 years of age supposedly 
capable of performing military duty were enrolled, the total number 
being 164,178. Of this number 32,079 were drafted, but the actual 
return of serviceable men was not encouraging. Only 743 went 
into service, though 2,325 procured substitutes, making a gain of 
3,068 enrolled and sent into camp at Long Island. Of these 2,720 
Avere assigned to Massachusetts regiments then in the field, 244 were 
detailed as provost guard for the camp and 124 deserted. In ad- 
dition 3,623 of those drafted paid commutation amounting to 81,- 
085,800, while the remainder were exempted for physical defects or 
other cause. 



6C MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

This draft was the cause of rioting and disorder in the streets of 
Boston, and of angry demonstrations in other places, but the prompt 
measures taken by the governor, the mayor of Boston and the 
authorities in other cities prevented anything like the horrible 
scenes at New York. Finding that there was danger of an out- 
break, Governor Andrew on the 14th of July ordered the Eleventh 
Battery, which had recently returned from a nine-months' term at 
the front, to assemble at the armory on Cooper Street, and as indi- 
cations of coming trouble thickened all other troops in the vicinity 
of Boston that were available were ordered to hold themselves in 
readiness for duty if needed. Most of these, including the Forty- 
fourth and Forty-fifth Regiments, reported promptly and remained 
at the positions assigned them till all probability of further trouble 
had passed. 

Owing to the wise precautions taken and the faithful efforts of 
the Boston police, there was but one serious outbreak. That oc- 
curred in front of the armory of the Eleventh Battery of Light 
Artillery on Cooper Street, where were deposited the only pieces of 
light ordnance in the city of which the rioters could hope to get pos- 
session. The armory was occupied by a body of heavy artillerists in 
addition to the members of the battery, the whole under command 
of Major Stephen Cabot. During the evening of the 14th an at- 
tempt was made by the mob to force an entrance to the building, 
when at the orders of the commandant one volley was fired by the 
defenders. How severely the insurgents suffered will never be 
known, but it is certain that several were killed and a considerable 
number wounded. It is gratifying to record that this single volley 
was all that Massachusetts soldiers were called on to fire in sup- 
pression of the riot. There were other disturbances which the 
police quelled, leaders of the insurrection were arrested from time 
to time, and the military remained under arms at Boston and in 
other cities for some days, but there was no further call for ball 
cartridges. The troops on duty were under command of Brigadier 
General Peirce of the Second Brigade, First Division, Massachu- 
setts Volunteer Militia, and not only General Peirce but all the 
officers and men serving under him received the emphatic thanks 
of the governor in a General Order issued on the 3d of August fol- 
lowing, when tranquillity had once more been assured. 

Before dismissing the matter of the draft, it should be noted that 



INJUSTICE TO THE BATTERIES. 67 

while the echoes of the incipient riot were dying away, on the IStli 
of July, Governor Andrew telegraphed to the secretary of war for 
permission to enlist the conscrij^ted men of Massachusetts, in order 
that they might receive the state bounty, and also from a feeling 
that the men would go forth with better heart if they could stand 
beside their comrades in the field as volunteers ; but the permission 
was not given, though the request was repeated a few days later. 

Another matter which caused much discussion between the state 
and general governments Avas in relation to the organization of the 
]\Iassachusetts light batteries. From the 31st of July, 1861, to the 
11th of March, 1864, 15 light batteries were mustered in for three 
years' service, in addition to one for three months, one for six 
months and one for nine months. Yet all of these were sent for- 
ward and served out their terms as single companies, a regimental 
organization being denied them, though it was accorded to other 
states sending a much less number of light artillery companies. 
In consequence, the captain of a Massachusetts battery, no matter 
how capable — and some especially fine artillerists were sent from 
the state — could hope for no advancement in rank, unless he should 
obtain it in the way of brevet. This piece of injustice continued 
during the war, and not even the eloquence and the persistency of 
an Andrew prevailed to right it. 

Earlier in the year 1863 the governor had interceded with both the 
secretary of war and the President, urging the desirability of an 
expedition into Texas which should take many of the Massachu- 
setts troops from Louisiana to a more healthful and as he felt a 
more promising field of operations. In addition to the Twenty- 
sixth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Forty-first Regiments, with various 
companies of light artillery and cavalry, in the three-years' service, 
eight of the Massachusetts nine-months' regiments had been sent 
to the Department of the Gulf, and all were suffering from the 
climate and the malarial influences, scarcely one man in ten in 
some of the commands being free from illness, and the death list 
being very large. But the purpose of opening the Mississippi had 
been entered upon, and the term of service of the nine-months' 
troops ended about the time of the fall of Port Hudson. 

Reference has already been made to the fact that during the 
earlier years of the war no credit was given the state for enlist- 
ments in the navy. At the beginning of the year 1863 the number 



68 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of Massachusetts men in the navy had reached 13,618, and while 
the Commonwealth was straining every nerve to meet the require- 
ments of the successive calls from Washington, this large number ' 
of her sons was wholly disregarded in making up the credits to be 
allowed. Justice came at length, however ; for on the 4th of July, 
1864, Congress passed an act allowing credit for naval enlistments 
up to the 24th of February of that year. The number credited 
to Massachusetts under this act was 22,360, and during the re- 
mainder of that year 3,808 others were added to the long list, 
making the total representation of the state in the United States 
Navy 26,168. 

Early in the winter of 1863-4 an order was issued by the War 
Department for the encouragement of re-enlistment by the soldiers 
already in the field whose terms of service were soon to expire. 
This provided that those having less than a year to serve of the 
original term might re-enlist for another term of three years and 
in addition to large state and government bounties should receive a 
furlough of 30 days. These provisions covered the organizations 
mustered during 1861, and upward of 6,200 Massachusetts veterans 
accepted the terms and were credited to the state quota. Several 
of the regiments returned for the furlough as organizations, ac- 
companied by their officers, and were received with every demon- 
stration of appreciation. Of course it need not be said that the 
soldiers thus secured, though not at the moment increasing the 
number in actual service, were of the most valuable sort, being 
inured to war, patriotic and acclimated. Their value was especially 
appreciated during the later days of the struggle, when the char- 
acter of many of the recruits sent to the army had sadly deteriorated — 
a deterioration which Massachusetts did not wholly escape. 

During the fall and winter of 1863-4 Governor Andrew decided 
to raise four regiments of " veterans," to be composed of men who 
had seen service, and this plan w^as carried out. They were num- 
bered from the Fifty -sixth to the Fifty-ninth inclusive. The Fifty- 
seventh was recruited by Colonel W. F. Bartlctt at Worcester, but the 
other three were organized at the general rendezvous at Readville. 
The governor desired to ofPer these troops to General Burnside, who 
was then reorganizing the Ninth Corps, its destination being kept 
secret. His suggestion to this effect was not formally acted upon, 
but when, just before the opening of the s])ring campaign of 1864^ 



A BITTER POLITICAL CONTEST. 69 

the regiments were sent forward, they were attached to Burnside's 
Corps, and in the severe fighting of 1864 were ahiiost annihilated. 

During 1803 the efforts of the state officials had been mostly 
directed to filling the depleted ranks of the regiments and com- 
panies in the field. The Second Cavalry and Second Heavy Artil- 
lery Regiments went into service during the year, as did the two 
colored infantry regiments, while several companies of heavy 
artillery were organized for service in the forts on the Massachusetts 
coast ; while the total number mustered for three years during 
1863 reached 11.538, making the number furnished by the state up 
to that time almost 84,000 men under all calls. There were at that 
time (January 1, 1864) but three camps of rendezvous in the 
state — that at Worcester, commanded by Colonel Bartlett; Camp 
Meigs at Readvillc, under General Peirce of the militia, where the 
new organizations were forming; and the station on Long Island in 
Boston Harbor, in charge of General Devens, where recruits for the 
regiments in the field were gathered preparatory to being forwarded 
to their destinations. 

The political campaign of 1863 was most sharply contested. 
Hitherto the tone of the democratic party, while critical of the 
measures taken by the general government, had in Massachusetts 
been outspoken for a vigorous prosecution of the war. In the dis- 
cussions of the issues at that time, and in the convention of the 
democratic party, which met on the 3d of September at Worcester, 
the tone was changed to a bitter arraignment of the administration, 
state and national, all opposed to the party in power being invited 
to join. The speeches were condemnatory of the republican policy, 
assertive of state rights, declaring for the Constitution of the 
United States as it stood, and expressing in the resolutions a desire 
for peace on such terms as would be honorable to the nation and 
secure a permanent union of the states. Richard S. Spofford, Jr., 
of Xewburyport was chosen chairman of the convention, and Henry 
W. Paine of Cambridge was nominated as the candidate for gover- 
nor, with the following associates for the state ticket : Lieutenant 
governor, Thomas F. Plunkett of Pittsfield ; secretary of state, 
Frederick 0. Prince of Winchester; treasurer, Nathan Clark of 
Lynn; attorney general, Theodore H. Sweetser of Lowell; auditor, 
Moses Bates of Plymouth. The nominee for governor was a new 
man to the party, having never before attended one of its con- 



70 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

» 

ventions and having earlier in life been a member of the Whig 
party. 

The republican convention met at "Worcester on the 24th of 
September, with Congressman Thomas D. Eliot of New Bedford as 
chairman, and with remarkable unanimity of feeling and purpose 
renominated the entire state ticket then in service. The speeches 
and the resolutions had but one tone, and pledged the state to an 
unwavering and unconditional support of the national government, 
thanked the soldiers and sailors for their heroic service, approved 
the act of the President in issuing the pr'oclamation of emancipa- 
tion and the employment of colored soldiers in fighting the battles 
of the nation, and in words as well as by the action taken gave the 
most unqualified indorsement to the policy of the governor and his 
associates. 

The campaign which followed was marked by considerable bitter- 
ness of discussion, but when the election came, on the 8th of 
November, it showed the confidence of the great majority of the 
people in the officials both of the state and the nation who had thus 
far conducted the contest for the preservation of the Union. Gover- 
nor Andrew was re-elected by the largest majority he had yet re- 
ceived, his vote being 70,483, that for Mr. Paine 29,207, with 77 
scattering — making a majority for Mr. Andrew of 41,199. 

While the political canvass was in progress another call for 300,- 
000 volunteers to serve for three years was made by the President, 
and Massachusetts was asked to furnish as her quota 15,126 men. 
This was a serious demand under the circumstances. Already the 
active manhood of the state had been heavily drained by the re- 
peated calls ; those who remained had many ties to bind them to 
home and business. Wages were high and laborers in great de- 
mand. Up to this time the bounty paid by the state had been but 
•■^oO for a three-years' enlistment, and that by the United States was 
only '^100. This with the high wages prevailing in civil life and 
the meager pay of the soldier in the field offered no money induce- 
ment for the taking up of the more dangerous occupation ; those 
who from a high sense of patriotic duty felt called on to make the 
sacrifice which the country demanded had already done so, and 
thousands of them had lain down their lives. 

It seemed probable under the circumstances that a draft would 
be necessary for the filling of this new demand ; but that was a resort 



THE STATE BOUNTY INCREASED. 71 

SO distasteful to the people of Massiieliusetts that the governor was 
earnestly besought to call a special session of the Legislature that 
steps might be taken for the filling of the quota by enlistments. 
He did so, and the law-makers met on the 11th of Xovember, 18G3, 
the session continuing but a week. The only business transacted 
was that pertaining to the encouragement of enlistment and an 
effort to right the wrongs of the colored regiments in regard to 
their pay, these being the subjects presented by the governor in 
his message for consideration. He stated that in order to encour- 
age enlistments, especially of those who had already seen service, 
the United States was offering a bounty of •'$402 for those who had 
served not less than nine months, or 8302 for new recruits to go 
into the regiments already in the field, and he recommended that 
the state bounty of "^oO be increased. 

This was done, and the governor was authorized to offer a state 
bounty of •ii'325 for new recruits or for soldiers of Massachusetts 
already in the field who should re-enlist, the term in both cases to 
be three years or during the war. Recruiting except under authority 
of the governor or the United States government was prohibited, 
and enticing persons to leave the Commonwealth for the purpose of 
enlisting in any outside organization was made punishable by heavy 
penalties. The state had in the early part of the war furnished 
whole companies, and several of them, for regiments raised in other 
states, but it was deemed only just that the credit for her sons 
should now be secured for the Old Bay State herself. At this time, 
also, was passed the act to make up to the soldiers of the Fifty- 
fourth and Fifty-fifth Regiments the deficiency between the sum 
offered them by the general government and the pay given to white 
soldiers, and paymasters for this purpose were appointed ; but as 
has been stated, the heroic negroes refused the well-intended proffer 
and insisted upon full justice being done them by the government 
they were fighting to save. 

The new Legislature assembled on the 6th of January, 1SC4, the 
Senate electing Jonathan E. Field of Stockbridge president and the 
House choosing Alexander H. Bullock of Worcester for speaker. 
The governor's message, which was sent in two days later, showed that 
the expenses of the year had been nearly -^=0, 700, 000, of which over 
!^1,115,000 had been paid in some manner on account of Massachu- 
setts soldiers, either in bounties, state aid to the families, or othe^- 



72 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

"wise. In connection with the subject of greatest interest — the 
prosecution of the war — there was little additional to what had 
already been acted on by the recent special session, either for the 
governor to recommend or the Legislature to enact. Most of the 
acts relating to soldiers were amendatory to those already passed, 
among them being one to authorize towns to raise money by taxa- 
tion for the erection of monuments to the memory of their soldiers ; 
another aimed at the ])reservation of the right of suffrage for those 
whose continued absence from home prevented their assessment in 
the usual manner; and provision was also made for the proportional 
expense of Massachusetts in the completion of the Gettysburg 
National Cemetery and the reinterment of the dead there. 

While the Legislature remained in session the President of the 
United States issued two additional calls for 200,000 men each, on 
the 1st of February and the 14th of March respectively, under which 
the quota of the state was increased some 22,000 ; but the machin- 
ery for enlistment being in perfect organization, no special provis- 
ion was necessary to meet the demands, great as they were. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



The Last Troops Raised — Outside Enlistments — Kind Offices of the 
Citizens — The Presidential Campaign — Constitutional Abolition of 
Slavery — Death of Edward Everett — Fall of Richmond — Assassi- 
nation OF Lincoln — Military Statistics — Deposit of the Battle 
Flags — The Diiama Closf.d. 

WHILE the four Veteran regiments of infantry were being 
recruited during the winter of 1863-4, the efforts of the 
state were strongly put forth in other directions. Not 
only were several thousand recruits sent to strengthen the Massa- 
chusetts organizations already in the field, but new commands were 
being continually filled and dispatched to the seat of war. The 
Fourth and Fifth Regiments of cavalry, the Eleventh, Fourteenth 
and Sixteenth Batteries of light artillery and the Third Reghnent 
of heavy artillery were all placed in the field during the early s[)ring 
of 186-1. The latter, like the Second, had been composed of com- 
panies raised from time to time and most of whom had served in 
the coast defenses of the state. 

There was a brief respite in the work of recruiting and organ- 
ization after these troops were sent, while the terrible struggles of 
the spring campaign took place. As the campaign developed, it be- 
came necessary to call all the available soldiers from garrisons and 
fortifications to active duties at the front, and on the 1st of July 
the secretary of war called for militia regiments to take charge of the 
fortifications thus to be vacated. Massachusetts responded with her 
usual alacrity, and within a month furnished five regiments to serve 
for 100 days. Four of these — the Fifth, Sixth, Eighth and Forty- 
second — were troops that had served under the nine-months' call, 
reorganized for this occasion, while one regiment — the Sixtieth — 
was enlisted complete and commanded by Colonel Ansel D. Wass. 
a capable and experienced officer. A notable incident in connection 
with the Forty-second Regiment was the fact that Colonel Isaac 



74 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

S. Burrill, who went to Texas as its commander in the winter 
of 1862 and was taken prisoner there, had just been exchanged 
in time to again take command of it, joining the regiment soon 
after its arrival at Washington. In addition to these five regiments, 
nine companies of infantry were raised for 1 00-day s' duty in the 
forts on the Massachusetts coast, making a total of 5,461 men. 
These troops were not credited to the quota of the state, and the 
consideration to the enlisted men, apart from the ordinary pay of a 
soldier, was a bounty from the state ranging approximately from 
$65 to $15, and the fact that while in this service they were exempt 
from the operations of any possible draft. Thirteen companies of 
infantry were also raised, earlier in the year, for 90 days' service in 
the state defenses, receiving about $60 bounty. 

During the month of September another regiment of heavy artil- 
lery — the Fourth — was raised, and left the state under command of 
Colonel William S. King, and it was followed soon after by two un- 
attached companies. This completed the recruiting for this arm of 
the service, though it did not end the drain upon the active man- 
hood of the state. Another regiment of infantry, — the Sixty-first, 
recruited for one year's service, as was the Fourth Heavy Artillery, — 
was slowly filled during the fall and early winter. It left the state 
by detachments, Charles F. Walcott being its colonel. During De- 
cember a battalion of five companies of cavalry, enlisted for one 
year and known as the Frontier Cavalry, was organized. These 
companies joined others raised in New York, forming the Twenty- 
sixth New York Cavalry, and served on the Canadian frontier, where 
their duty was merely nominal. Three other companies were en- 
listed from the applicants for places in this battalion, which were 
after some controversy with the war department added to the Third 
Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment in the field. The ranks of the 
Sixty-first Regiment of infantry being finally filled, an order was 
issued on the 10th of March, 1865, for the enlistment of another 
regiment, as well as 30 companies to be attached to the old regi- 
ments in the field, — all of these enlistments being for one year, 
within which time it was evident the military power of the rebellion 
must give way. That event, however, came before the Sixty-second 
Regiment could be organized, and the five companies which had 
been partially filled were disbanded after the surrender of the Con- 
federate armies. 



SOME OUTSIDE ENLISTMENTS. 75 

Thus ended the long strain upon the military resources of the 
Commonwealth. In the case of Massachusetts a great proportion 
of those sent out to fill her quota were her own sons, either by 
birth or adoption. Exceptions have already been noted, in the 
case of those coming to the state to join the two colored regiments 
formed here, and the California battalion of the Second Cavalry. 
There were certain other exceptions which should be mentioned. 
The act of July 4, 1864, which allowed to the state, in common with 
others, credit for the naval enlistments, also authorized the loyal 
governors to send recruiting agents into the states in rebellion to 
gather recruits for the Union armies, such as were obtained in this 
way to apply to the quotas of the states securing them. Under 
this authority the governor appointed Colonel Joseph M. Day of 
Barnstable provost marshal of the state with supervision of- the 
. matter of enlistments. Agents were put in the field at Washing- 
ton, Fortress Monroe, Newbern, Hilton Head and Nashville, and 
through their exertions 1,257 men were secured for the quota 
of Massachusetts; but there was just the result that might have 
been anticipated — the various states crowded agents into all desir- 
able territory, competition grew sharp and high bids in money and 
otherwise were made for all who were willing to enter the Union 
service. 

In connection with this subject of enlistments among people resi- 
dent outside the limits of Massachusetts, there was another transac- 
tion which was of a questionable nature in some of its relations. 
During 1804 a Boston firm brought to that city from Belgium and 
other European countries nearly a thousand men Avho had been en- 
gaged to come to this country under contract to enter service ; most 
of them being enlisted and mustered into Massachusetts regiments. 
This was a very profitable transaction for the firm, as they received 
the large bounty then being paid for recruits, while their expense 
had been only the transportation of the men from Europe; but 
it came near involving the country in deeper foreign complica- 
tions, for the charge was made by some of the men that they had 
been deceived as to the kind of service they were to enter, and the 
matter was brought before the Washington authorities by the rep- 
resentatives of their governments in this country. Xo crooked 
dealing seems to have been proved in the case, and none of the men 
were discharged from the service ; but the discussion and the dis- 



76 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

tortion of the facts which the enemies of the Union cause indulged 
in made the transaction an unfortunate one These imported 
foreigners who actually entered the Union armies numbered 907. 

Before turning to notice the events of a political and general 
nature which marked the closing months of the war, it may not be 
amiss to once more call attention to the constant efforts which were 
being put forth in all parts of the state and by all classes of citi- 
zens to ameliorate the hardships resulting from sickness, wounds 
and death. This work, as has been shown, was taken up at the 
very beginning of hostilities, and it was never allowed to flag. 
Whatever could be devised by sympathetic hearts that promised to 
assist or to cheer the soldier was eagerly carried out by myriad 
workers in all parts of the Commonwealth. The work of the great 
institutions like the Sanitary Commission and the Christian Com- 
mission, which followed the soldier wherever at the behest of duty 
he was called, and in which the men and women of Massachusetts 
took no second place, is matter of general record. Not so well 
known may be some of the less comprehensive movements, which 
are yet worthy of mention as illustrating the spirit of the times. 
Especial interest was taken in furnishing "Thanksgiving dinners" 
to all Massachusetts soldiers who could be reached at that festival 
day in 1864. It was prophetically felt that this was the last 
"Thanksgiving" which the soldiers would have to pass away from 
their homes ; and from contributions collected in Boston and vicinity 
dinners were furnished to the sick and wounded Marsachusetts 
soldiers in the various hospitals at New York, Philadelphia, Balti- 
more, Annapolis and Point Lookout; for those in camp at Read- 
ville and Gallop's Island, to the garrisons of the various fortifica- 
tions in the harbor, and the sailors at the navy-yard in Charlcstown, 
as well as the inmates of all the military institutions in and about 
Boston. In this manner some ^3,000 was expended, and the num- 
ber of soldiers cheered by the remembrance cannot easily be 
estimated. In all the good offices of this nature the influence of 
woman was i)re-emincnt. Whether in gathering and disbursing the 
supplies or in attendance at the hospitals, the loyal wcynen of the 
state were indefatigable. If among the army nurses mention is 
made of the names of Clara Barton and Anna Lowell (the sister 
of Colonel Charles R. Lowell, Jr., of the Second Massachusetts 
Cavalry, who had charge of the Armory Square Hospital at Washing- 



MORE PUILANTTIROPIC MEASURES. 77 

ton), it is only as representatives of a large class to whose invalu- 
able labors but a general reference can be made. 

As the war progressed and many who had gone forth strong and 
able-bodied came back crippled or disabled, it became apparent that 
some provision was required by which such persons could be fur- 
nished with employment suited to their condition. Accordingly, 
on the 6th of January, 1865, Governor Andrew issued an order by 
which such a " Bureau of Military Employment " was made an ad- 
junct of the surgeon general's office, to which Surgeon General 
Pale devoted the same attention which had made his execution of 
all the duties of his position so successful, rendering great benefit 
to many needy disabled veterans. 

In December, 1861, the Women's Auxiliary Association, a branch 
of the United States Sanitary Commission, had been formed with 
headquarters at Boston, its field covering the Commonwealth and the 
three northern New England States. Branches and local societies 
or associations were established in nearly every town and city, and 
during the entire period of the war contributions were gathered and 
forwarded to the Boston office, thence to be redistributed to the 
various hospitals and other points of destination. The great work 
done by the association may be imagined when it is stated that of 
garments and articles of bedding forwarded from Boston the fig- 
ures reached over a million pieces, while of stimulants, food, medi- 
cines, delicacies and the like the amount was proportionate. Over 
#314,000 in money was received, and this was expended in the pur- 
chase of such articles as were most needed. It should be noted 
that the work of all the officers of the association, agents, book- 
keepers and the like, was performed gratuitously, but in many 
cases needy women were hired to make the garments for which 
generous persons had contributed materials, thus rendering a double 
service. 

While the trying days of 1864 were passing, the country filled 
as never before with the horrors of warfare, and while yet it seemed 
uncertain whether the tremendous exertions being put forth were 
to bear fruits of peace by honorable conquest, came the mcst im- 
portant political period possible under the American form of gov- 
ernment — a presidential campaign. The conventions of the two 
political parties attracted great attention, and through the eventful 
summer and autumn the contest waxed hot and bitter. The R'/- 



78 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

publican convention met at Baltimore, and while it renominated 
President Lincoln and heartily indorsed him and his policy, declar- 
ing for a vigorous continuance of the war till honorable peace should 
be obtained, it associated with him a noted southern loyalist — 
Andrew Johnson of Tennessee. The Democratic convention met 
at Chicago and placed in nomination a ticket headed by General 
George B. McClellan for president and George H. Pendleton of 
Ohio for vice-president. This was a taking nomination, especially 
the head of the ticket; for regardless of party there were many 
through the country who felt that General McClellan had not been 
fairly treated by the administration, and who, while they had great 
faith in his military abilities, regarded him as a political martyr. 
But what the ticket gained in strength from this source it lost by 
the platform adopted, which declared the war a failure and called 
for peace by compromise. The latter proposition was indefinitely 
worded, but its evident purport was such that it invited and received 
the support of all those in avowed sympathy with the rebellion, as 
well as those sincerely differing from Mr. Lincoln's administration 
as to details of public policy. 

Each Massachusetts state convention indorsed the action and the 
candidates of the national body of like name. The republican 
gathering met at Worcester, September 15, Congressman Alexander 
H. Pice of Boston being the chairman ; over a thousand members 
were in attendance, and the session was enthusiastic and unanimous 
on all the important "questions. Governor Andrew was renominated 
by acclamation with but three dissenting voices, and with the single 
exception of the attorney generalship there was no change in the 
rest of the ticket. Mr. Foster declining to run again, his place was 
filled by the nomination of Charles I. Reed of Taunton. Edward 
Everett of Boston and Whiting Griswold of Greenfield were named 
for presidential electors at large, the platform being in keeping with 
those of previous years. The Democrats met at Faneuil Hall, Bos- 
ton, six days later, Theodore PI. Sweetser of Lowell being president, 
and renominated their state ticket of 1863. While the convention 
indorsed the nominations made by the national Democratic conven- 
tion, it spoke strongly for the prosecution of the war, applauded the 
victory of Sheridan at Winchester, news of which had just been 
received, expressed sympathy with the soldiers, and called for a 
more prompt system of exchange of prisoners of war. 



ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY, 79 

The election came on the 8th of November, and not only was the 
result in the nation a triumphant indorsement of President Lincoln, 
but the verdict was given in Massachusetts in no uncertain manner. 
A heavy vote was cast throughout the state, of which the Ile[)ublican 
ticket received 126,742 for president and 125,281 for governor; 
the Democratic ticket 48,745 and 49,190 respectively — the majority 
for Lincoln being 77,997 and for Andrew 76,091. The result of 
this election practically settled the fate of the rebellion. It was 
shown beyond question that the invincible determination of the 
people of the nation was for the vindication of the authority of the 
general government, and that not even a specious plea for peace 
and a ticket headed by a gallant and extremely popular soldier could 
shake the fixed purpose of the loyal masses. 

The Massachusetts Legislature assembled on the 4th of January, 
1865, and organized with Jonathan E. Field for president of the 
■Senate and Alexander H. Bullock for speaker of the House of 
Representatives. Both officers on taking the positions to which 
they had been chosen congratulated their associates on the prospect 
of a speedy termination of the war, and on the fact that when the 
national authority was again restored it would be over a nation 
freed from the blot of slavery. In the same vein was the inaugural 
of the governor, which was delivered on the 6th. Reviewing the 
part taken by Massachusetts in the great struggle, he stated the war 
debt of the Commonwealth incurred up to that time to be over !3'14,- 
500,000, most of which was held by the citizens of the state ; but 
on the other hand he showed that general prosperity had })revailcd, 
as was attested by the increased deposits in the savings bank. Re- 
ferring to the latter fact he said : " The very depositors of savings, 
out of this increased aggregate of their modest earnings saved and 
deposited, could lend money enough to pay the whole war debt of 
the Commonwealth, and have left on deposit as much as they had 
when the war began and more than three millions of dollars be- 
sides." 

At about this time the United States Congress adopted the amend- 
ment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. The President signed 
the resolution on the 2d of February and the following day it was 
ratified by the Legislature at Boston, the fact being telegraphed to 
the President by Governor Andrew in these words : " Massachu- 
setts has to-day ratified the constitutional amendment abolisliing 



80 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

slavery by a unanimous yea and nay vote of both l:)ranches of tliu 
Legislature, the Democrats voting affirmatively." It is doubtful if 
any other state exceeded this action either in promptness or in 
unanimity of expression. 

Shortly before this event, an unexpected and saddening blow fell 
upon Massachusetts and the nation in the sudden death of Hon. 
Edward Everett, on the 16th of January. The transcendent abili- 
ties of Mr. Everett placed him among the foremost men of America, 
and although he had been a candidate for the vice-presidency on 
one of the democratic tickets in 1860, he gave his whole energies 
to the cause of the Union when secession became a certainty. In 
announcing the inability of the President and his cabinet to attend 
the funeral, Secretary of State Seward added: "The President of 
the United States and the heads of departments tender to the Com- 
monwealth of Massachusetts their condolence on the lamented 
death of Edward Everett, who was worthy to be enrolled among 
the noblest of the nation's benefactors." 

But Mr. Everett had lived to see the great struggle practically 
concluded, for on the 3d of April, 1865, the glad intelligence went 
flashing through the country that Petersburg and Richmond had 
fallen and the beginning of the end had come. Secretary of War 
Stanton telegraphed the tidings to Governor Andrew, and the latter 
responded: "I give you joy on these triumphant victories. Our 
people, by a common impulse, abandoned business to-day for thanks- 
giving and rejoicing. The colored man, received last, got in first 
and thus is the Scripture fulfilled." The latter sentence was in 
reference to the fact that Weitzel's Division of the Twenty-fifth 
Corps, colored troops, was reported to have been the first infantry 
to enter Richmond, It were futile to attempt any summary of the 
joy which everywhere prevailed, and the many forms by which it 
was manifested throughout the state. If Boston led in the matter 
of demonstration, it was because her resources were the greater. 
In all portions of the Commonwealth bands played, whistles blew, 
bells rang, cannon were fired, jjublic meetings were held ; but deeper 
than all was the joyful greeting of man to man, with tear-dimmed 
eyes, that at last the carnival of death and war's desolation was 
about to end, and to end in the restoration of the national gov- 
ernment, in the abolition of the cause of the rupture and the tri- 
umph of Union and Liberty. On the following day the governor 



THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 81 

formally communicated to the Legislature the tidings ; Senator 
Wilson was present, and the excitement was too intense to allow of 
much public business being transacted. Among other demonstra- 
tions, a great meeting was held that evening at Faneuil Hall, pre- 
sided over by the mayor of Boston and addressed among others by 
Senator Wilson, Robert C. Winthro}) and Frederick Douglass. 

The days which followed were filled with excitement and mingled 
joy and sorrow. General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of 
Northern Virginia on the 9th of April, and with this practical clos- 
ing of hostilities the exultation of the loyal people found renewed 
expression. It was not for long, however, for scarcely had the joy- 
ful tidings been accepted in their fulness when the terrible news of 
the assassination of President Lincoln broke in upon the rejoicing 
with such a shock as the country had never before known. In an 
instant consternation succeeded the exultation ; emblems of sorrow 
took the place of those of rejoicing ; a nation was plunged in a 
moment from the most exalted joy to the depths of grief. The sad 
event had fitting public notice everywhere in the state, and a copy 
of the resolutions adopted by the Legislature was forwarded by 
Governor Andrew to the widow of the President. 

The war ended with the surrender of the various armies of the 
Confederacy, all of which soon followed the example of General 
Lee, and as soon as peace was assured the work of reducing the 
volunteer armies of the United States was begun. The troops 
which had been called from civil life were returned to the pursuits 
which they had left to take up arms, those of Massachusetts in com- 
mon with others. During the summer nearly all came home — such 
as were left of the fine organizations which had gone forth — though 
two or three regiments on special duty served until sometime in 
1866. The full record of the service of each and all is given under 
the headings of the respective commands. It only remains to give 
a lu'ief synopsis of the troops furnished by the state. 

During the war, Massachusetts sent out as her quota for three 
months' service in 1861, five regiments of infantry, one battalion of 
rifiemen and one battery of light artillery ; under the various calls 
for three-years' troops, 40 regiments of infantry, five regiments of 
cavalry, three regiments and a battalion of heavy artillery, 15 bat- 
teries of light artillery and two companies of sharp-shooters ; for 
one year, one regiment and two unattached companies of infantry, 



82 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

with another regiment in the process of organization at the close of 
the war, one regiment and eight unattached companies of heavy 
artillery, and seven companies of cavalry; for nine months, 17 
regiments of infantry and one battery of light artillery ; for 100 
days, five regiments and ten unattached companies of infantry ; 
for 90 days, 13 unattached companies of infantry ; for six months, 
one battery of light artillery and one company of infantry. These 
organizations with the enlistments in the navy comprised a mem- 
bership of 159,165 ; in addition there were enlisted in the Common- 
wealth, for which it received no credit, five companies for the New 
York Mozart Regiment and some 600 men for the Ninety-ninth New 
York Regiment, commanded by Colonel Wardrop, formerly of the 
Third Massachusetts Militia. Adding these men — we have fully 
160,000 as the contribution of Massachusetts to the loyal armies 
and navy during the war. From the nature of their service some 
of these organizations were not credited to the quota of the state, 
but the adjutant general of the army at Washington allows a 
credit of 140,730, with 5,318 drafted men who paid commutation, 
against a quota under all calls of 139,095,— showing a wide margin 
above all demands upon the patriotism of the state. Of this num- 
ber, as nearly as can be gleaned from the records of the adjutant 
general's office, 442 officers and 12,534 enlisted men died in the 
service from all causes. The population of the state in 1860 was 
1,231,066. 

The total expense incurred by the state in raising and equipping 
troops reached 127,705,109, and that of the cities and towns as such 
was nearly as much more, making $50,000,000 in round numbers 
as the money cost to the state. Apart from the military service, 
great numbers of laborers were employed in building fortifications, 
working in the Charlestown navy-yard and at the Springfield 
Armory. At the latter establishment, during the five years from 
July 1, 1860, the production reached the great total of 805,636 
muskets, with extra parts and repairs equal to 120,845 more. The 
rifle-musket as there produced Avas the standard weapon of the ser- 
vice, and undoubtedly the best muzzle-loading military arm ever 
manufactured. 

It is scarcely necessary to refer to the political contest of 1865 
further than to say that Governor Andrew, having rendered five 
years of the most devoted service, covering the entire period of the 



DEPOSIT OF rilE BATTLE FLAGS. 83 

war, declined to be again considered a candidate, and Alexander 
H. Bullock of Worcester was elected his successor by a large 
majority, although General Darius N. Couch, the accomplished 
soldier, headed the democratic ticket. 

An interesting episode occurred on the 22d of December, ISii;"), 
when the battle-flags of all the Massachusetts commands which had 
been borne by them in the war — with a few exceptions — were carried 
in procession by survivors of the organizations and with touch- 
ing ceremonies deposited for perpetual preservation in Doric Hall 
at the State House. The flags were formally turned over to the 
governor by General Couch, who commanded the column, and were 
received by Mr. Andrew with eloquent words of appreciation, to be 
" preserved and cherished amid all the vicissitudes of the future, 
as mementoes of brave men and noble actions." 

The Legislature having convened, Governor Andrew on the 5th 
of January, 1866, delivered his valedictory, reviewing at consider- 
able length the events of his administration ; his successor,Governor 
Bullock, was inaugurated the day following. The war period had 
passed ; the strange, trying duties which it had brought had been 
faithfully met ; saddened, chastened, yet rejoicing in the triumph 
of the great cause of right and human })rogress, the old Common- 
wealth, with fresh hands grasping the helm, turned once more to 
the arts and pursuits of honorable peace. 



CHAPTER IX. 



The Public Men of Massachusetts — The Coxgbessioxal Delegation- 
Charles Sumner, the Statesman — Henry Wilson, "The Soldier's 
Friend" — Members of the House of Eepresentatives — Ministers 
Adams, Motley and Burlingame. 

THE fateful epoch found worthy representatives of Massachu- 
setts in the national halls of legislation — especially in the 
United States Senate, where Charles Sumner and Henry 
Wilson nobly upheld the name and fame of the Commonwealth. 
Mr. Sumner had been for ten years in the Senate. That high posi- 
tion was the first public office to which he was elected — it was the 
only one he ever filled. There his life work was wrought out. Born 
in Boston in 1811, he had taken his seat in the Senate at the age of 
40, and the years of war found him at the zenith of his power and 
strength. He served during the rebellion as chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Relations — a position which soon became one of 
great importance. It was one to bring him close to the President 
and his cabinet in days of grave anxiety, and to call for the best 
qualities of his high and strong nature ; — but it was not one to 
bring him before the people. His greatest and worthiest service 
was in the council chamber, where the influence of his intellect did 
much to shape the course of the nation, — a i)otent force of which 
the world knew little. 

Yet apart from the important duties of his committee, Charles 
Sumner was the center of a mighty influence in the Senate generally 
and beyond it. He had been from early manhood the uncompromis- 
ing foe of human slavery ; he had fought it determinedly, regardless 
of the fact that his attitude was costing him social and professional 
standing. Neither the loss of patronage from his lawyer's office at 
Boston nor the brutal assault of Brooks the South Carolinian in 
the Senate Chamber had for an instant affected his purpose. His 



CHARLES SUMNER, STATESMAN. 



85 



whole life rang to the key-note of the one word, "Justice," and now 
that the nation was plunged in fratricidal war, with the institution 
of slavery for the prime and only cause, he pleaded with all the 
energy of his great nature that the strong hand of war should cut 
away from the national life the monstrosity which deformed it. 
Every movement which looked to the strengthening of the hands 
of the administration had his support ; he was at all times the fear- 










CuAKLEs Sumner. 



less champion of those measures which sought to better the condi- 
tion of the black man. Mr. Sumner saw the nation pass through 
the ordeal of war with no serious foreign complications ; he saw the 
shackles struck from the bond man : the great purpose of the sena- 
tor's life was realized while he yet lived and wrought for its accom- 
plishment. Such in a very imperfect generalization was the work 
of the great man who stood close to the President, and to whom 
Mr. Lincoln said during the last week of his life: "There is no 
person with whom I have oftener advised throughout my adminis- 
tration than with yourself." This was a sentence which any man 
might be proud to hear from the lips of Abraham Lincoln — ^it was 
not too much for him to say to Senator Sumner. 



86 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Senator Henry Wilson, two years the junior of Senator Sumner, 
had entered the United States Senate four years later than his col- 
league. The son of poverty and rising to eminence through the 
energy of his own endeavors, Mr. Wilson had come to the Senate 
with preliminary experience in both branches of his State Legisla- 
ture. He brought to the higher position great energy and industry, 
intense patriotism and a sublime moral courage. He was in all re- 




Henry Wilson. 



spects in sympathy with Mr. Sumner, from whom he differed so 
much in personal characteristics. When Sumner was struck down 
in the Senate by Brooks in 1856, Mr. Wilson denounced the act as 
a brutal outrage ; refusing to fight the duel to which he was im- 
mediately challenged, and denouncing " the code " as a relic of bar- 
l)arism, he yet announced his intention to defend himself whenever 
and wherever he might bo attacked. During the war he was chair- 
man of the Committee on Military Affairs and of the Committee 
on the Militia ; no member of Congress did more faithful service 
than he, none had a keener comprehension of the nation's needs at 
all stages of the great contest. He had already served on the Mili- 
tary Committee during President Buchanan's administration, Jef- 



WILSON, THE SOLDIEB'S FRIEND. 87 

ferson Davis being chairman, and with no power to prevent had seen 
the naturally feeble military resources of the government manipu- 
lated in the interests of the plotters and made still more inadequate 
to the needs of the republic when the moment of trial came. 

At the fall of Fort ^Sumter, Mr. Wilson urged the President to 
call for 300,000 men instead of the 75,000 actually asked for, but 
the number which he suggested was staggering even to Mr. Lincoln, 
while to many of his advisers, notably the secretary of war, the 
suggestion seemed preposterous. Wilson was one of the few who 
realized the desperate intentions of the Southern leaders. When 
the call was made he with difficulty persuaded the secretary of war 
to douljlc the quota of Massachusetts and then hurried home to con- 
fer with Governor Andrew and the state authorities. From that 
hour his duties became unceasing and of the greatest importance. 
Returning to Washington he devoted much of his attention to the 
soldiers, especially those in the hospitals, where the great man 
found the time, as he certainly had the heart, to cheer and minister 
to the humblest private soldier. But his greater work was not neg- 
lected, and on the assembling of Congress in extra session, on the 
4th of July, 1861, he was ready with the important bills which the 
military situation called for. At the close of the special session 
he returned to Massachusetts to aid his state in the work of enlist- 
ment, and to do this in a practical way recruited in person the 
Twenty-second Massachusetts Regiment, of which he was commis- 
sioned colonel, accompanying it to the front. He soon resigned his 
commission, however, and the better to familiarize himself with the 
service and its requirements became a volunteer aide on General Mc- 
Clcllan's staff, which position he held till January, 1862, when duty 
again called him to active participation in the work of the Senate. 

His position from this time on was one of immense responsibility. 
All the important legislation required in connection with the enor- 
mous military service of the ensuing four years was either origi- 
nated or passed upon by the committee of which ]\Ir. Wilson was 
the head and the heart. In the single matter of commissioned 
ofljccrs, 11,000 nominations of all grades from second lieutenant to 
lieutenant general were referred to this committee for investigation 
and report ; interested parties naturally Hocked to the committee 
with complaints, re(iuests and " influence," and even the common 
.soldiers — not the least welcome of his visitors — felt at liberty to 



88 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

seek out Senator Wilson, "The Soldier's Friend," — the man in 
whose great heart there was a warm corner for the humblest human 
being. Mr. "Wilson prepared with his own hand a multitude of 
bills ; among them those for bettering the pay and condition of the 
soldiers, and all of those relating to the military service of the 
blacks, freeing the families of colored soldiers as well as the men 
themselves, and abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia. 
Like his colleague, Mr. Wilson never forgot that slavery was the 
corner-stone and the sole cause of the rebellion ; and with an influ- 
ence second to none he wrought unceasingly for the destruction of 
the system and the establishing of the constitutional equality of 
the negro. 

Naturally the eminent ability of the two Massachusetts senators, 
who occupied so high a position in the national councils and 
attracted so much of the public attention, tended to overshadow 
the services of the Bay State representatives in the lower branch 
of Congress. Yet the latter were by no means unworthy of their 
high position, and a cursory glance at the men who composed the 
state delegation, with observation of the important duties to which 
they were called, will show that the reputation of the Common- 
wealth was well sustained in the national House of Representatives. 
The limits of such a sketch as the present do not allow of the fol- 
lowing out in detail of the part taken by each Representative during 
the period of the war ; such a treatment would require a thorough 
review of all the legislation which came before Congress, for there 
was no measure affecting the interests of the nation which did not 
receive the careful attention of Massachusetts legislators. Neither 
does it need to be said that their voices and their votes were ever 
for the support of the national government and the furtherance of 
such measures as the vigorous and uncompromising prosecution of 
the war demanded. Nor does it appear that the voice of any rep- 
resentative from the state was lifted in unkind criticism of the ad- 
ministration. There were necessarily differences of opinion in re- 
gard to many measures ; but substantially the s[)irit which animated 
Governor Andrew as the executive of the Commonwealth, our 
soldiers in the field, and Senators Sumner and Wilson in their 
sphere, jjcrvaded each Massachusetts heart and head in the Hall of 
Representatives. 

In the Thirty-sixth Congress, which expired March 4, 1861, with 



THE LOWER HOUSE OF CONGRESS. 89 

the term of office of President Buchanan, Massachusetts had 11 
Representatives, and the same number in the Thirty-seventh Con- 
gress, which covered the tsvo years following. In the Thirty-eighth, 
however, the number of Massachusetts districts was reduced to ten, 
and the state delegation suffered accordingly. The members from 
the various districts, with the committees on Avhich they served, are 
given below. Very naturally the bent of the congressman's labors 
was influenced by his committee work ; in that field to which he 
gave the most thought he was naturally best informed and most 
deeply interested ; though there were a few in the delegation, like 
Henry L. Dawes and George S. Boutwell, who rose to the quality 
of leadership, and seemed to grasp at once all the great issues of 
the momentous time. In naming these, therefore, as the more ver- 
satile and prominent mem])ers of the delegation, there is no dis- 
paragement of the faithful work of others who came less promi- 
nently before the public eye. 

Thomas D. Eliot of New Bedford represented the First district 
in the two Congresses covering the period of the war, as he did in 
those preceding and following that epoch. During all of this time 
he was a member of the Committee on Commerce, which naturally 
became one of great importance after the complications growing out 
of the war began to take form. He was also a member of the 
select Committee on Confiscation, of the Committees on Emancipa 
tion and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department of the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, and chairman of the select Committee on the 
Freedmen in the Thirty-ninth. At the opening of the special ses- 
sion of Congress in the summer of 1861, he was prominent in the 
advancement of measures for the increase of the United States 
navy, and to the various interests connected therewith he gave 
earnest attention during the entire war. 

James Buffinton of Fall River represented the Second district in 
the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses. In both he was 
a member of the Committee on JMilitary Affairs, and in the latter 
as well of the Committee on Accounts. 

Oakes Ames of Easton succeeded Mr. Buffinton in the election 
of 1862, and represented the district in the Thirty-eighth and suc- 
ceeding Congresses. On taking his scat, Mr. Ames, who was an 
influential business man, was appointed on three committees, — those 
on Revolutionary Claims, Manufactures, and the select Committee 



90 MASSACHU^SEJTS IN TUE WAR. 

on the Pacific Railroad, serving on the two last named during the 
Thirty-ninth Congress. 

Charles Francis Adams of Quincy, who had represented the Third 
district in the Thirty-sixth Congress, Avas re-elected in 1860 for 
another term, but before the assembling of the special session of 
the Thirty-seventh he had been appointed minister to England by 
the new administration and was succeeded in Congress by Benjamin 
F. Thomas of Boston, who during the Thirty-seventh Congress was 
a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. The re-apportionment 
of the state into ten congressional districts, previous to the election 
for the Thirty-eighth Congress, had virtually the effect of abolish- 
ing what had been the Third district. Mr. Rico of the old Fourth 
district became the representative of the new Third, and the other 
districts, with more or less changes in their territorial limits, 
changed their numbers to correspond. 

Alexander H. Rice of Boston had been elected to the Thirty-sixth 
Congress from the Fourth district, serving on the Committee on 
the District of Columbia, and was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh, 
being placed on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures 
in the Treasury Department. By the changes in districts, Mr. Rice 
in the fall of 18G2 was a candidate for re-election in the Third dis- 
trict, and it was at first su])i)08od that his competitor, John S. 
Sleeper of Boston, the People's i)arty candidate, liad been elected, 
and it was so declared. An error was discovered, however in the 
vote of South Boston, then the Twelfth ward of Boston, which gave 
Mr. Rice the election by a small margin, and the case being taken 
to the House of Representatives in regular form, he was on the 4th 
of March, 1864, declared entitled to the seat. He was during that 
Congress and the following chairman of the Committee on Naval 
Affairs, and in the Thirty-ninth also a member of the Committee 
on Revisal and Unfinished Business. But it was in connection Avith 
naval matters that the great influence of Mr. Rice was exerted. 
In that field he w^as a power during the entire course of the war, 
giving careful attention to the various i)hases of the subject as they 
came into prominence from time to time, and dealing Avith them 
thoroughly and with ])ow('r. 

William Appleton of Boston Avas the only member of the Mas- 
sachusetts delegation in the Thirty-seventh Congress not a republi- 
can. He Avas elected from the Fiftli district in tlie fall of 1860 by 



BAY STATE nEPRESENTATIVES. Dl 

a coalition of the vbters ojjposed to Anson Burlingamc of Cam- 
bridge, the representative of the district in the Thirty-sixth Con- 
jrrcss, "who had been a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
Mr, Apjjleton was assigned to the Committee on Ways and ^Meaiis 
at the organization of the House in July, 18i)l,but resigned his seat 
at the close of the si)ecial session. 

Samuel Hooper of Boston ^vas elected to succeed Mr. Ai)})leton, 
and was s^vorn in at the openiug of the second session of the 
Thirty-seventh Congress in December, 1861. He took the place of 
his predecessor on the Committee on Ways and Means, holding it 
through the two succeeding Congresses, to which he was re-elected, 
the number of his district being changed to the Fourth. In the 
Thirty-ninth Congress he was also made a member of the Commit- 
tee on Banking and Currency. Mr. Hooper was an active member 
of Congress, especially well qualified for the consideration of finan- 
■ cial affairs. His opinions consequently had much weight, and he 
speedily became a valued adviser to the treasury department as well 
as an honored member of the state delegation. 

John B. Alley of Lynn was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress 
as representative of the Sixth district, serving during the four 
terms which succeeded. During the eight years he Avas a member 
of the Committee on Post-offices and Post-roads, being its chairman 
during the last four years. He was also a member of the Commit- 
tee on Manufactures in the Thirty-seventh Congress and of the 
select Committee on the Bankrui)t Law of the Thirty-ninth. While 
he was by no means an obscure Congressman, the nature of his 
committees was such as to call for patient work and sound, prompt 
judgment rather than to bring him prominently to public notice. 
Yet his voice was ever ready in support of the right as he saw it, 
whether in dealing with the intricate matters before his committee 
or those occupying the attention of the House. 

Daniel W. Gooch of Melrose had completed two terms in Con- 
giess as the representative from the Seventh district when the war 
broke out, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty- 
eighth Congress. Under President Buchanan he had been a member 
of the Committee on Territories ; in the Thirty-seventh Congress 
he was appointed on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in the 
Thirty-eighth on Private Land Claims and the select Committee on 
Ilcbcllioi'.s States. His most important work, however, w;.s done 



92 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

as a member of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 
to which he was appointed on the 24th of December, 1861, heading 
the House delegation. 

Nathaniel P. Banks of Waltham, who had previously been a mem- 
ber of Congress and speaker of the House of Representatives, was 
elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress as the successor of Mr. Gooch, 
and at once became a power in the body, being made chairman of 
the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and a member of the select 
Committee on Rules. His congressional services, however, need 
not be especially noticed here, as they were rendered subsequent to 
the close of the war. 

Charles R. Train of Framingham, who had been a member of the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, was re-elected to represent the Eighth dis- 
trict in the Thirty-seventh. He was in both bodies chairman of the 
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds ; in the Thirty-sixth 
he was in addition on the Expenditures in the Treasury Department, 
and in the Thirty-seventh on Public Expenditures. Mr. Train was 
a faithfid and prized member of the delegation. 

George S. Boutwell of Groton succeeded Mr. Train in the Thirty- 
eighth Congress, the number of the district having been changed to 
the Seventh. Mr. Boutwell's eminent abilities at once asserted 
themselves, making him one of the prominent representatives of 
the Bay State in the lower house of Congress. He was made a 
member of the Committee on the Judiciarj^, and in the Thirty-ninth 
Congress was in addition on the Committee on Private Land Claims. 
His services were especially valuable in the perplexing period of re- 
construction which followed the war. 

Goldsmith F. Bailey of Fitchburg was elected from the Ninth 
district in the autumn of 1860 as the successor of Eli Thayer, who 
in tlic Thirty-sixth Congress had been chairman of the Committee 
on Public Lands. Mr. Bailey was appointed on the Committee on 
Territories, but his congressional service was a constant struggle 
with failing health. He became entirely prostrated early in 1862, 
making his last appearance in the House about the close of February, 
and died at his home in Fitchburg on the 8th of May. 

Amasa Walker of North Brookfield served in the third session 
of the Thirty-seventh Congress as Mr. Goldsmith's successor for 
the unexpired portion of his term. 

John D. Baldwin of Worcester represented the Eighth district 



THE LEADER OF THE DELEGATION. 93 

(formerly the Ninth) in the Thirty-eighth Congress. He at once 
proved himself a " working member " and an earnest and able ad- 
vocate of the principles of his party and the hearty supporter of the 
cause of the national government. Early in his service he offered 
a resolution which was adopted, calling for the rejection of " all 
propositions for negotiation with the so-called authorities at Rich- 
mond, short of the unconditional submission of the revolted states 
to the general government." During his first term he was a mem- 
ber of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings, the joint 
Committee on Printing and the special Committee on Emigration. 
Being re-elected for a second term, he continued on the first named 
committee and was also on the Committee on the District of Colum- 
l)ia. 

Charles Delano of Northampton, from the Tenth district was 
a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia and the 
" Committee on the ]\Iilitia, in the Thirty-seventh Congress, and 
rendered especially valuable service in the House in regard to the 
development of the capacity of the Springfield ArmTory and other 
matters pertaining to the arming of the troops which were being 
called into the field. 

William B. Washburn of Greenfield represented the Ninth dis- 
trict in the Thirty-eighth Congress, being a member of the Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions and that on Roads and Canals. Being 
re-elected for the succeeding term, he served on the Committees on 
Claims and on Revolutionary Pensions. While a faithful and re- 
spected member of the delegation, Mr. Washburn was by nature 
and inclination rather adapted to work in the committee room than 
to oratorical appeals to his associates and the country. 

Henry L. Dawes of Adams began his congressional career in the 
Thirty-sixth Congress, and it is no more than just to designate him 
as being through the entire period of the war and his subsequent 
service as a Representative the leader of the IMassachusetts delega- 
tion m the House of Representatives. He was throughout the war 
period a member of the Committee on Elections, being its chairman 
during the Thirty-eighth Congress — a position of great difiiculty, as 
questions of the most important and perplexing nature were con- 
stantly coming before the committee and the House. But his ver- 
satile nature was not confined to the single line of work in which 
he perhaps rendered the most valuable service. He served also in 



94 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the Thirty-sixth Congress on the Committee on Expenditures in 
the State Department, in the Thirty-seventh on the select Commit- 
tee on Contracts for the Government, and in the Thirty-ninth on 
Coinage, Weights and Measures ; he was frequently in the chair of 
the House when in Committee of the Whole, and in whatever per- 
tained to the welfare of the national government and of his Com- 
monwealth as a member of the Union, ]^e was ever alert, indefati- 
gable and able. Mr. Dawes is the only member of the Massachu- 
setts delegation during the war still in the National Congress. 
Passing from the House to the Senate in 1875 as the successor of 
William B. Washburn, who filled Sumner's unexpired term, he has 
served more than 14 years in the upper branch, with good promise 
for continued usefulness in years to come. 

It is not implied, nor must it be understood, that in the very brief 
outline thus given of the work of cacli member of Congress any 
allowance is made for the ceaseless round of routine duties which 
came to each, or to the thousand constantly recurring questions of 
national and local importance which demanded the time and the 
earnest consideration of all. There is no public record which speci- 
fies these minor matters — the vigilance, the anxiety, the doubts and 
fears and sorrows of that crucial time cannot be described ; they 
can be but very imperfectly imagined. Sufiice it to say that in no 
case did a member from Massachusetts prove other than a faithful 
patriot, an intelligent legislator and a worthy representative of his 
Commonwealth. K this be high praise, it is not too high. 

It was entirely in keeping with her record in other directions that 
Massachusetts should be found holding the post of honor in the 
diplomatic service of the United States at foreign courts. It was 
early seen that the most important position in this service was to 
be that at the court of St. James. The sentiment of the English 
people was largely in favor of the Confederacy, and their natural 
predilections were strengthened by the arts of diplomacy and the 
vast material interests entering into the problem. The cotton crop 
of the Southern states was a necessity to the myriad spindles of 
British manufacturers ; the new government needed manufactures 
of every kind, especially munitions of war ; its bonds had been 
placed upon the London market ; the blockade of the Southern 
ports shut off the su})i)ly of cotton, the mills stopped and the opera- 
tives suffered ; the same blockade largely closed the market for the 



THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE. 05 

goods England would haAC sent to the South, and made sucli trallic 
as was conducted by blockade runners dangerous and disreputable ; 
the Mason and Slidell affair lashed the excited minds of British 
leaders to the verge of warlike measures ; the fitting out of priva- 
teers in British ports further comi)licated the relations between the 
two nations. 

In the midst of this scene of excitement a strong, able, fearless 
man represented at London the government of the United States. 
Charles Francis Adams of Quincy had been appointed l)y ^Ir. Lin- 
coln to that responsil)le place, and nobly did he justify the wisdom 
of his selection. The son and the grandson of a president of the 
United States, he was naturally and by education a statesman ; 
thoroughly grounded in international law, courtly, patient, shrewd, 
proud of his country and indefatigable in maintaining her rights, 
he was eminently fitted for the trying duties upon which he entered 
about the middle of May, 1861, continuing them till the close of 
the war. If with his skillful hand upon the helm of his country's 
interests there were moments of gravest apprehension, it is eagy to 
realize thnt with a less able representative there the result might 
have been far different. In doing this duty faithfully and ably, Mr. 
Adams won a high place in the regard of those with whom he came 
in contact, so that at the close of the war he was enabled to render 
further and scarcely less marked service in connection with the 
Alabama claims, the Fenian question as it affected American citi- 
zens, and the Geneva tribunal of 1872, which awarded to the United 
States fifteen and a half million dollars as compensation for the 
damages by Confederate cruisers fitted out in British ports. In the 
latter case he was the representative of his country on the commis- 
sion, being appointed by President Craut in recognition of his 
eminent qualifications for the position. 

While Mr. Adams filled the position of minister to England, J. 
Lothrop Motley represented the government at the Austrian court, 
and Anson Burlingamo at the Chinese. Of course neither of these 
positions compared in importance with that held l)v !Mr. Adams ; 
yet the two Massachusetts men who held them filled al)ly their sta- 
tions, and Mr. Burlingame, in opening the ports of China to the 
world, though the event had no direct relation to the great civil con- 
test in this country, did a work which marked an important epoch 
in the history of the Chinese Empire. 



96 



MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 



The Commonwealth might well be proud of its sons in whatever 
position they were })laced. On the field, those who bore its banners 
beside those of the Union bore them with honor ; in the halls of 
legislation, on the public forum, in the executive office or in the 
pregnant sessions of the council chamber, when the most moment- 
ous issues might rest upon a single word ; — wherever the firm pur- 
pose of the patriot helped to forge from the fires of a bitter strife 
a newer and a better life, worthy representatives of the Bay State 
were found. Those were momentous times, which wrote their im- 
press deep on the destiny of Humanity, and in the march of the 
mighty forces which wrought out the problems of those days Mas- 
sachusetts men and Massachusetts ideas were privileged to lead. 



The Military Organizations. 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE First Massachusetts Infantry Regiment had the honorable 
distinction of being the first to leave the state for three years' 
service, and the first for that term of enlistment to reach 
Washington from any quarter. It was composed of five companies 
of the original First Militia Regiment reinforced with volunteers to 
bring the organization up to the national regulation. Its services 
were offered under the call for militia regiments for three months, 
though it was not sent at that time ; but the call for the longer 
period was promptly accepted by it. Four companies were mus- 
tered into service on the 23d of May, 1861, four more on the 24th, 
one on the 25th, and the last with the field and staff officers on 
the 27th, — the original commissions bearing date from the 22d to 
the 25th. As in all the regiments organized during that period, 
many of the companies adopted distinctive titles, by Avhich they 
lilvcd best to be known, — a custom taken from the state militia. 
The make-up of the regiment and the original roster of officers 
were as follows ; Boston being the place of residence unless other- 
wise designated : — 

Colonel, Robert Cowdin; lieutenant colonel, George D. Wells; 
major, Charles P. Chandler ; surgeon, Richard H. Salter ; assistant 
surgeon, Samuel A. Green ; chaplain, Rev. Warren H. Cudworth ; 
adjutant, William H. Lawrence; quartermaster, John R. Lee of Salem; 
sergeant major, James H. Hall; comniisriary sergeant, John B. Gibbs; 
quartermaster sergeant, William P. Cowie ; hospital steward, Alfred 
C. Dana; principal musician, Charles C. Cooke. 

Company A — Captain, Edward A. Wild; first lieutenant, William 
L. Candler; second lieutenant, Charles L. Chandler, all of Brookline. 

Company B, Union Guards of East Boston — Captain, Edward 
Pearl: first lieutenant, George H. Smith; second lieutenant, Charles 
S. Kendall. 

Company C, North End True Blues of Boston — Captain, Gardner 
Walker ; first lieutenant, Josejih Ilibbert, Jr. ; second lieutenant, 
Daniel G. E. Dickinson of Cambridge. 



100 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

Company D, Roxbnry City Guards — Captain, Ebenezer W. Stone, 
Jr., of Roxbury; first lieutenant, Charles M. Jordan; second lieuten- 
ant, Oliver Walton, 2d. 

Company E, Pulaski Guards of South Boston — Captain, Clark B. 
Baldwin; first lieutenant, George H. Johnston; second lieutenant. 
Miles Farwell. 

Company F, National Guards of Boston — Captain, Alfred W. 
Adams; first lieutenant, John L. Rogers of Charlestown; second lieu- 
tenant, George E. Henry. 

Company G, Independent Boston Fusileers — Captain, Henry A. 
Snow of Sonierville ; first lieutenant, Francis H. Ward ; second lieu- 
tenant, William H. B. Smith of Cambridge. 

Company H, Chelsea Volunteers — Captain, Sumner Carruth; first 
lieutenant, Albert S. Austin; second lieutenant, Robert A. Saunders. 

Company I; Schouler Guards of Boston — Captain, Charles E. Rand; 
first lieutenant, Charles E. Mudge; second lieutenant, Elijah B. 
Gill, Jr. 

Company K, Chadwick Light Infantry of Roxbury — Captain, Abial 
G. Chamberlain; first lieutenant, William H. Sutherland; second 
lieutenant, Francis W. Carruth, all of Roxbury. 

From the 25th of May to the 1st of June the regiment made its 
(|uarters at Faneuil Hall, but on the latter date a change was made 
to a vacant ice-house on the borders of Fresh pond in Cambridge, 
which was named Camp Ellsworth, in honor of the assassinated 
colonel whose fate was then fresh in the public mind. The new 
location proving unhealthy, another change was made on the 13th 
of June — this time to barracks in North Cambridge, which were 
designated as Camp Cameron, in compliment to the secretary of war. 

The day following the occupation of the new quarters, however, 
orders were received to prepare for departure to active service, and 
on the afternoon of the 15th the regiment marched to Boston, 
where after hurried farewells and the presentation of a national 
banner, cars were taken for Groton, Ct., by way of Providence. 
At Groton the cars were exchanged for the steamer Commonwealth 
on the morning of the 16th, and that afternoon the command de- 
barked at Jersey City and proceeded by rail toward "Washington. 
Philadelphia was reached at daylight of the 17th, and after enjoy- 
ing the bountiful hospitality which the Quaker City extended to all 
Union soldiers who passed through her streets, the journey was 
resumed. 

There was much apprehension as Baltimore was approached, for 
the riot which had occurred on the passage of the Sixth Regiment 
was fresh in every mind ; ball cartridges were distributed, muskets 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. 101 

loaded and capped ; but there was no hostile demonstration, though 
the streets were lilled with a motley throng, and at 7 o'clock that 
evening the national ca})ital was reached, the command, after 
marching up Pennsylvania avenue, being quartered later on in 
some vacant buildings. After enjoying " the freedom of the city " 
till the 19th the First Regiment resumed its journey, marching 
through Georgetown to a point on the Potomac some two miles 
below Chain Bridge, where Camp Banks was established. The 
First were brigaded with the Second and Third Michigan and 
Twelfth New York, the brigade commander being Colonel I. B. 
Richardson of the Second Michigan, for whom the brigade was 

named. 

Camp Banks was occupied till the opening of the Bull Run cam- 
paign, though on the 8th of July Companies I and K were sent to 
Great Falls on the Potomac under command of Major Chandler, to 
guard an important part of the Washington aqueduct. They re- 
turned to the regiment on the night of the 14th, and the afternoon 
of the IGth witnessed the crossing of the Potomac by the brigade 
at Chain Bridge, en route to the battle-field. Late in the evening 
Vienna was reached and bivouac made in an open field, the march 
being continued next day through Germantown and Fairfax Court 
House to the outskirts of Centerville, where another nio-ht was 
passed. 

In the skirmish at Blackburn's Ford on the following day the 
regiment had its first taste of battle, losing 13 killed, including 
Second Lieutenant "William H. B. Smith of Cambridge, and over 
20 wounded and missing. The regiment was posted on the left of 
the road leading to the ford, Companies G and H under Lieutenant 
Colonel Wells being deployed as skirmishers and sharply engaged, 
suffering most of the loss. That night the regiment returned to 
Centerville for its bivouac, but next day advanced to the vicinity 
of the battle-ground, where its picket line opposed that of the 
enemy till the battle of Bull Run on the 21st. 

During that action three companies of the regiment were posted 
as skirmishers and on special duty as outposts, but there was no 
engagement on that part of the field till the Union forces began to 
retreat ; then the Confederates became demonstrative, but there 
had been little more than an exchange of shots on the skirmish 
line when a general retreat was ordered and the First withdrew, 



102 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

having lost Lieutenant Gill of Company I killed and one or two 
wounded. Pausing for a few hours near Centerville to assist in 
covering the retreat, the regiment made its way through the re- 
mainder of the night and the following day to its old camp on the 
Washington side of the Potomac. 

The brigade again crossed into Virginia on the 23d, and in a day 
or two the First found themselves placed in Fort Albany as a 
garrisoning force, exercise at the heavy guns being added to their 
other duties. But this did not long continue. The brigade as then 
constituted was not a harmonious organization, and on the 13th of 
August a change was made by which the First were attached to 
General Hooker's brigade, composed of the Eleventh Massachu- 
setts, Second New Hampshire and Twenty -sixth Pennsylvania. 
On that day, through a drenching rain, the regiment recrossed the 
Potomac and marched to a favorably located camp near Bladens- 
burg, known as Camp Union, where the regiment soon after built 
Fort Lincoln — one of the cordon surrounding Washington. 

On the 9th of September the regiment was ordered into lower 
Maryland, where strong secession feeling existed, and where con- 
siderable quantities of arms and other articles contraband of war 
were found and removed. These operations occupied till the 7th of 
October, when the First returned to camp, and seven days later, 
General Hooker having been assigned to command the division, 
Colonel Cowdin succeeded him as brigade commander, — Lieutenant 
Colonel Wells taking charge of the regiment. 

Soon after this General Hooker's division was removed from the 
vicinity of Washington and posted along the northern bank of the 
Lower Potomac to watch the Confederates on the opposite side of 
the river, where with a strong force and abundant batteries they 
threatened to entirely close the water-way to the national capital. 
The First Regiment broke camp October 24, and within three days 
marched to Posey's j)lantati()n, 55 miles from Washington, where 
in Camp Hooker, at Budd's Point, it remained till the Confederates 
abandoned the blockade of the Potomac. 

With true Massachusetts spirit, Thanksgiving day was ol)scrved 
with as much of a feast as circumstances permitted and with other 
exercises, while there was a similar observance of Christmas. 
The mouth of Quantico Creek was directly opposite the regimental 
camp, where the enemy had formidable fortifications, which made 



TUE FIRST liEGIMENT. 103 

of every passinfij vessel a target. Under these circumstances there 
was no lack of excitement and adventure as the winter months 
wore away ; though the part taken by the regiment, in addition to 
picket and observation, was confined to some few enterprises which 
were rather calculated to test the heroic qualities of small details 
than to make history for the First Massachusetts as an organiza- 
tion. During the winter a temperance society, a literary organiza- 
tion and a church were formed by members of the regiment, all of 
which exerted a valuable influence. 

General Henry M. Naglee took command of the brigade on the 
19th of February, Colonel Cowdin returning to his regiment. The 
Confederates abandoned their works March 9, first setting fire to 
everything that would burn, and immediately detachments of the 
First were rowed across and ])lantcd the Union standards on the 
evacuated fortifications, which were speedily dismantled. The 
regiment embarked on the steamer Kennebec April 4, and five days 
later was landed at Ship Point on the York river, where the brigade 
remained on duty until the 16th, when it moved to the front near 
Yorktown. 

Aljout this time the command of the brigade passed to General 
Ciivier Grover, and on the morning of April 6 Company H of the 
First, supported by Companies A and I of the First and two com- 
panies of the Eleventh, were selected to capture a lunette in front 
of Yorktown which had given much annoyance to the Union picket 
lines. The dash was gallantly made, the offending work being car- 
ried at the point of the bayonet by the single company set to the 
task, 15 of the garrison being captured, though at a loss to the 
charging company of four killed and 14 wounded. The intrench- 
ment being leveled to the ground by the supporting detachment, 
the entire party returned to their own lines without further loss. 

Following the evacuation of Yorktown on the 4th of May, 
Hooker's division pursued the retreating enemy with energy, though 
a heavy rain was falling, and on confronting him near Fort Alagru- 
der the impulsive " Fighting Joe," as he was thenceforth called, 
accepted the challenge and opened the sharply contested battle of 
Williamsburg. During the engagement the First Massachusetts 
were on the skirmish line and fought valiantly, suffering a loss of 
seven killed, 32 wounded, and a few missing. On the 8th the brig- 
ade was detailed for provost duty at Williamsburg, Lieutenant 



104 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Wells being provost marshal of the post, and in the multi- 
tudinous duties of the position a week was passed, when the march 
Richmond-ward was resumed. On the 23d the Chickahominy was 
crossed at Bottom's bridge, and after two daj's' delay the regiment 
went into camp at Poplar Hill, an eminence in the vast track 
known as White Oak Swamp, in which General Heintzelman's Third 
Corps was located. 

The lines of Federal advance being at that time within six miles 
of Richmond, the First, in common with the other troops of the 
corps, were kept constantly on the alert by reconnaissances and 
skirmishes, none of which were of especial note till the sanguinary 
battle of Fair Oaks, on the 31st of May. In that engagement 
Grover's Brigade had no active part, being ordered to hold Poplar 
Hill, which fortunately was not reached by the enemy. After the 
repulse of the Confederates on the 1st of June, Casey's Division 
of the Fourth Corps, which had suffered severely in the first dash 
of the foe, Avas retired to Poplar Hill and Grover's command took 
its place on the Williamsburg road in the midst of White Oak 
Swamp, — a very trying position. The unburied bodies of men and 
horses tainted the air ; the malaria of the swami>s was sufficient to 
destroy the most vigorous constitution ; the labor required was 
severe. While here Lieutenant Colonel Wells was assigned to 
temporarily command the Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania, and Grover's 
Brigade was strengthened by the addition, June 12, of the Six- 
teenth Massachusetts Regiment, Colonel Powell T. Wyman. 

General Hooker was ordered soon after to feel the enemy in the 
direction of Richmond, and early on the morning of June 25 he 
pushed Grover's Brigade forward through the swamp, the First 
Massachusetts on the lead. The Confederates were soon located 
by their line of fire — for nothing could be seen through the thicket 
— when the First made a gallant dash and captured the rifle-pits. 
The enemy being reinforced regained them soon after, but the 
Massachusetts boys made a second charge with such valor that they 
again drove out the southerners and this time the works were held, 
notwithstanding repeated assaults during the day and evening. 
The loss of the First was nine killed and 55 wounded. 

During McClellan's "change of base," which immediately en- 
sued, the regiment had many a i)ost of honor. On the morning of 
Ihc 29th it was marched to the front to hold a certain redoubt till 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. 105 

the rest of the division had Avithdrawn to a safe distance, which a 
fog enabled it to do without oljservation ; but at noon the l)rigade, 
forming the Union rear guard, was overtaken by the pursuing Con- 
federates at Savage's Station — McClellan's former head-quarters. 
During the sharp engagement which resulted in the repulse of the 
enemy the First supported Battery K of the Fourth United States 
Artillery. 

In the battle of Glendale the next day, where a most determined 
attempt was made to cut the Federal army in two, the First again 
suffered heavy loss. In making a charge at evening, with the rest 
of the brigade, it penetrated to a position where it received a fire 
from three sides, and only escai)ed annihilation by making a rapid 
retreat. In killed, wounded and missing the loss was 62, among 
the slain being Major Chandler and Lieutenant Sutherland. 

The regiment was not actively engaged at the battle of Malvern 
Hill on the 1st of July, and the following day moved with the army 
to Harrison's Landing, where more than a month was given to re- 
cuperation, while the next move in the great game of war was being- 
decided upon. At this time the regiment bade adieu to its band, 
the government having decided that one brass-band must furnish 
the music for each brigade ; but in lieu of the band an additional 
assistant surgeon was allowed to each regiment, that officer for the 
First being Dr. T. Fletcher Oakes of South Dartmouth. Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Wells also left the regiment at this time, to become 
colonel of the Thirty -fourth. 

The only military event of importance during the stay at Har- 
rison's Landing was a reconnaissance by General Hooker's Division 
on the 4th of August, which encountered the enemy the following 
morning and took a hundred prisoners — the total loss of the First 
being one man slightly wounded. On the loth Grover's Brigade 
covered the retreat of the Army of the Potomac from the Landing, 
the First embarking at Williamsburg on the 20th and four days later 
landing at Alexandria, a few miles from which it went into camp, 
but only for a few hours. That afternoon cars were taken and the 
regiment rode to Warrenton Junction, which brought it so near to 
the enemy that the train on its return trip was cai)tured and de- 
stroyed. 

One day of comparative rest followed, but before light of the 
27th the regiment was called from slumber to share with the rest 



106 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

of Hooker's Division in the movement in search of Stonewall Jack- 
son, who was getting to the rear of General Pope's retiring army. 
In the defeat of the Confederate force under General Ewell at Bris- 
toe's Station that afternoon, after a sharp march, Grover's Brigade 
had not an active part, being in support of the troops actually en- 
gaged. The First remained near the Station till the middle of the 
following afternoon, when it marched to the Bull Run battlc-lield 
and halted for the night, but before daybreak was in motion again. 

For a time after reaching the field of the Second Bull Run bat- 
tle, some hours after the opening of the engagement, Grover's Brig- 
ade supported a battery ; but about the middle of the afternoon, 
the artillerists having been driven from their pieces by the severity 
of the enemy's fire, General Grover was ordered to charge the woods 
in his front. It was a forlorn undertaking, with no supports or 
artillery assisting, but the gallant brigade forced its way over the 
natural difficulties and through two opposing lines of battle to a 
railroad bank, where it received a terrible fire from a third line, 
when the First and its fellow-regiments, having done all that human 
valor could do, fell back to the shelter of the Federal artillery. 
This charge, though hopeless from the start, was one of the finest 
and bravest of the war. The loss of the First regiment was 20 
killed and fatally hurt, 61 wounded and two missing, among the 
killed being First Lieutenant John M. Mandeville of Chelsea. 

Following the battle of Chantilly on the 1st of September, Hook- 
er's Division fell back to the vicinity of Alexandria, where, a short 
distance from Fort Lyon, the First went into camp September 5. 
Soon after, a considerable number of recruits joined the regiment, 
and as many of those wounded in the early part of the campaign 
returned, the command again presented a battalion line of respecta- 
l)le numbers. A number of important changes i:i officers occurred 
while the division rested in tlie Washington defenses. General 
Hooker, being ajjpointcd to the command of the First Corps, bade 
adieu to his well-tried division after stipulating that it should have 
a season of rest in recognition of its heroic services. He was suc- 
ceeded by General Grover, which again placed Colonel Cowdin tem- 
porarily in command of the brigade ; but the latter being promoted 
soon after and assigned to a different command, the brigade was 
given to General Joseph B. Carr. The regiment was commanded by 
Lieutenant. Colonel Baldwin, promoted from captain of Company 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. 107 

E, Captain Gardner AValker of Company C being commissioned 
major. 

The dash of General ^^tuart's caA'alrv around McClellan's army 
on the 10th of October created general alarm, and in consequence 
the FirstRegiment was detailed to garrison the works on Munson's 
Hill, a strategic point some six miles from Washington. Here it 
remained for ten days without event of importance, when prepar- 
ations were made to co-oi)erate in the southward movement of the 
army under McClellan. On the 31st the division, then commanded 
by General Sickles, received marching orders and set forth the next 
morning. After proceeding a short distance the First Regiment 
was detached for i)rovost duty at Fairfax Court House and Fairfax 
Station, and at these points, incidentally guarding the railroad for 
several miles in cither direction, the command remained till the 25th 
of November, Orders were then received to join the division, which 
was overtaken in front of Fredericksburg on the 3d of December. 

In the battle of Fredericksburg the First did not have an im- 
portant part. They crossed the river about noon of the 13th, and 
at once proceeded to relieve a part of the picket line below the city 
connecting the right under General Sumner with the left under 
General Franklin. This position they retained till the retreat, and 
Avere among the last to leave the field, the loss of the regiment 
being 34, of whom three only were killed or fatally hurt. On the 
following morning Colonel Napoleon B. McLaughlen, promoted 
from captain in the Regular Army, assumed command of the First, 
which he held till the close of its service. 

No sooner was his comnumd settled in camp after the l)attle than 
the new commander gave it a thorough reorganization, bringing it 
to a high state of discipline. Early in January the division shifted 
its cam|)ing ground to a more favorable locality, where substantial 
winter quarters were constructed, the monotony of inaction being 
broken only by drill, picket and camp duties. With the rest of the 
army, the First had its full share in the dismal llounderings of the 
"Mud ]\rarcli," which began January 20, and a more extended trip 
up the Rappahannock was made on the 5th of February, the regi- 
ment going out to guard a ford while a cavalry column ])roceeded 
to destroy a bridge at Rappahannock Station. The expedition was 
sueeessful, though made in a dismal storm. 

The Chanccllorsville campaign began, so far as the First Rcgi- 



108 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

ment was concerned, on the afternoon of April 28, when the divis- 
ion — then commanded by General Berry — broke camp and marched 
toward the lower crossing of the Rappahannock, where the follow- 
ing morning some troops of the Sixth Corps crossed and bridges 
were laid. That being successfully accomplished the Third Corps 
proceeded up the river to join Hooker's main body at Chancellors- 
ville,the First Massachusetts being detailed to escort a wagon train 
and rejoining its brigade, then in reserve, just at the close of the 
fighting of the 1st of May. 

The position then assumed was not changed till the breaking of 
the Eleventh Corps the following afternoon called the division to 
check the Confederate advance, which it was largely instrumental 
in doing. As the First were firing down the Plank road at the 
time Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded upon it that evening, 
it is probable that he received his wounds from their bullets. The 
Federal lines, being established and valiantly held at this point 
through the night, were desperately attacked the following morn- 
ing. A determined resistance was made till the ammunition of 
both infantry and artillery gave out, when some of the defenders 
retired, exposing the rest on the flank so that the entire first line 
had to be withdrawn. A line some distance to the rear was firmly 
held, however, though in trying to repair the mischief of the first 
break General Berry lost his life. Forty-two members of the First 
Regiment were captured in the retreat to the second position, and 
the other losses were ten killed, including Captain Rand of Com- 
pany I, and 46 wounded. Captain Parkinson of Company G was 
captured, and of his two lieutenants, one was Avounded and the other 
made prisoner. 

The regiment returned to its old camp on the 6th of May, but 
soon moved to a new one on the road to Potomac Creek; notwith- 
standing which officers and men suffered much from sickness, among 
those dying from disease being Assistant Surgeon Neil K. Gunn of 
Boston, June 3, who had only been in the service since March 18. 
For five weeks following the return to camp the regiment jterformed 
routine duty and awaited the next summons. During this time the 
Third Corps was consolidated into two divisions. General Birney 
continuing to command the First, while General A. A. Humphreys 
was assigned to the Second, of which Carr's continued to be the 
First Briqrade. 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. WJ 

On the lltli of June the northward movement of the regiment 
began, that day's march being to Havtwood Church and the next 
day's to Beverly Ford, which was reached at 10 o'clock in the even- 
ing. Then for two days no movement was made, the ford being 
held in force while the strategy of the campaign developed. Within 
that time it became clear that the enemy's main army was moving- 
northward, and the ford was turned over to a body of cavalry while 
the First Regiment marched all night to reach Warrenton Junction. 
After a brief rest there the journey was continued to Bristoe's Sta- 
tion and thence to Centerville, where a halt of a day was made — 
Gum Spring on the Leesburg pike being reached on the 19th. There 
the regiment rested for six days while the whereabouts and evident 
intentions of the enemy were further canvassed. 

The next move, on the 25th of June, was by way of Edwards 
Ferry to the mouth of the Monocacy, through a very disagreeable 
storm. The Potomac was crossed at 5 and the command plodded 
through the cjarkness along the canal tow-path till after midnight 
before reaching its destination. The regiment had never seen a 
march so disheartening and demoralizing ; of 360 who accompanied 
its colors in the morning, only 40 maintained their places in the 
column till bivouac was reached. For four days succeeding the 
march was kept up, leading by way of Jefferson, Crampton's Gap 
and Taney town to Emmittsburg, which was reached at 2 o'clock 
July 1. There the men pitched their tents, but had barely done so 
when tidings of the battle at Gettysburg came, with a call for their 
assistance. Taking a wrong road after dark, the column narrowly 
escaped marching directly into the Confederate lines ; but by very 
quietly countermarching when the mistake was discovered and mak- 
ing a detour the corps reached its assigned position in reserve near 
Round Top sometime past midnight. 

In forming the Federal line on the 2d of July, as is well known. 
General Sickles advanced his command about noon to the higher 
ground in his front near the Emmittsburg road, the First Massa- 
chusetts being on the extreme right of the corps. In the early part 
of the conflict with Longstreet that afternoon this regiment was not 
involved, but as the left of the corps was broken and driven back 
the wave of fire in all its fury 'swept upon and over the right. 
Smitten in front and flank, the gallant brigade was crumbled to the 
rear in fragments after valiant and prolonged resistance. The total 



110 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

loss of the First in this engagement was 123, including 26 killed or 
mortally wounded, among the former being Lieutenant Henry Hart- 
ley of Williamsburg, N. Y., and Color Sergeant Kelren of Company 
E ; 77 were wounded and 20 missing. Lieutenant Colonel Baldwin 
commanding the regiment was wounded, and the loss of officers 
Avas severe. Notwithstanding its decimation, a portion of the regi- 
ment, hastily collected by Captain McDonough, joined in the repulse 
of the Confederates as dusk settled over the scene. 

The regiment in its place in the corps moved southward on the 
6th in the roundabout pursuit which followed the retreat of the 
enemy, closing in upon Lee's battalions as they were supposed to 
be helplessly at bay at Williamsport a week later, only to find when 
an attack was finally decided upon that they were again safe in 
Virginia. On the 17th the First with the other troops of the corps 
crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry. Thence moving southward 
by easy stages the regiment took part in the slight engagement by 
which the enemy were driven from Manassas Gap, occupying the 
ground thus gained for a day or two, and then on the 25th and 26th 
marching to Warrenton, beyond which, on the Culpeper road, the 
command encamped. 

The First was one of the regiments detailed for duty at New York 
on account of the draft riots, taking cars at Warrenton Junction on 
the 30th of July and reaching their destination on the afternoon of 
August 2. For two weeks they remained at Fort Columbus on Gov- 
ernor's Island, doing duty and drilling with the heavy guns, after 
which they were transferred to Riker's Island, a draft rendezvous, 
where they remained till October 15, when they were ordered back 
to Washington and promptly returned to their old place in Carr's 
Brigade, which they rejoined at Union Mills on the 17th. 

Two days later the retreat of Lee's army and the advance of 
Meade's began, the capture of Kelly's Ford on the 7th of November 
being shared in by the First, but without loss ; after which the army 
rested in the vicinity of Brandy Station till the opening of the 
" Mine Run movement." The march began on the morning of the 
26th, Carr's Brigade leading the corps, crossing the Rapidan about 
noon and after the laying of ponton bridges advancing some two 
miles till the enemy's pickets were reached. Next morning a dif- 
ferent road was taken, and the enemy were soon after encountered 
in Locust Grove, when skirmishing ensued for some hours. Just 



THE FIRST REGIMENT. Ill 

before dark the Confederates delivered a sharp attack without de- 
cisive results ; the First, at that time in support of Union batteries, 
losinii" one killed and eight wounded. ' Then followed the advance to 
Mine Run, the suspense, the abandonment of the plan to attack 
and the return to camp, which was reached on the 3d of December. 

An uneventful winter followed at Brandy Station, l)roken, so far as 
the First Massachusetts were concerned, only by an expedition on 
the 6th of February, 18G4, to the Rapidan in conjunction with a 
crossing lower down by the Second C()i"])S, l)ut none of the Third 
Corjis crossed, and all Avere back in camp in two or three days. 

With the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac in the 
S]tring of 1864 the Third Cor])s was l)roken up, the Third Division — 
which had joined it after the battle of Gettysburg — going to the 
Sixth Corps, while the First and Second Divisions became respect- 
ively the Third and Fourth of the Second Corps. The make-up of 
the First Brigade was changed, the Eleventh Massachusetts and the 
Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania going into the Second Brigade, while 
the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth New Jersey and One Hundred 
and Fifteenth Pennsylvania were added to the First Brigade, com 
numdcd by Colonel Robert McAllister of the Eleventh Ncav Jersey. 
The division was commanded by General Gershom Mott. 

Marching orders were received on the 3d of INIay, and that night 
the regiment set forth, crossing the Rapidan at I'^ly's Ford the fol- 
lowing forenoon and at night occupying ground very near where it 
fought a year before at the battle of Chancellorsville. At the open- 
ing of the battle of the Wilderness, on the afternoon of May 5, the 
First advanced into the terrible tangle at the command ; but the 
difficulties were so great and the lines became so much disorganized 
that on receiving a heavy fire from the enemy it fell back to in- 
trenchments which it had previously partially constructed. As the 
Confederates advanced in pursuit they were checked in turn and a 
stubborn conflict raged for hours. That night Lieutenant Colonel 
Baldwin was made prisoner while establishing a ])icket line. In 
the general advance of the next morning and the sanguinary fight- 
ing back and forth which followed the First bore an honorable i)art. 
At one time the brigade found itself with a hostile line of battle in 
its rear, and only escaped capture by the density of the forest hiding 
from the Confederates their advantage. That afternoon the First 
assisted in repelling the last attempt of the enemy against the 



112 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Federal left, which was matlo under cover of a conflagration rag- 
ing; alonsi: the Union breastworks which had driven the defenders 
temporarily to the rear to escape the smoke and heat. 

Quitting the Wilderness at the close of the fighting there and 
marching with General Hancock's Cor})S to Spottsylvania, the regi- 
ment took part there in the various engagements of the Second 
Corjis, including the successful assault at " The Angle " on the 
morning of May 12 and the obstinate struggle which ensued for the 
possession of the captured works. Its losses from the opening of 
the Wilderness campaign to that time had been 49 killed, wounded 
and missing, — among the dead being Captain Moses H. Warren of 
Dorchester, killed on the 12th. 

When on the 20th orders were issued for a further movement of 
the Army of the Potomac to the southward, the First Regiment, 
after a transfer of its re-enlisted men and recruits to the Eleventh 
Massachusetts, bade adieu to war's alarms and took its homeward 
way, having closed three years of faithful service. Marching to 
Belle Plain the command took the steamer Utica for Washington, 
whence the journey to New York was made by rail, steamer to 
Fall River and cars to Boston completing the total of 3,312 miles 
traversed by the regiment while in the service. Arriving on the 
25th of May, it received a grand " welcome home," and three days 
later on Boston Common it was mustered out of service. 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Second Regiment Avas the first volunteer organization in 
the state to begin to take form after the dispatch of the 
Massachusetts militia to the front in April, 1861. The 
master spirit in the enterprise was Major George H. Gordon, an ex- 
perienced officer who had served with distinction in Mexico, and 
who was ably assisted by a number of influential men, later identi- 
fied with the organization. The initial measures were taken on the 
18th of April, and in a few days several recruiting offices were 
opened at different places in Boston, but they were almost im- 
mediately closed, as there was no authority from Washington to 
raise such a body of troops as was proposed, and the state officials 
could give none. To obtain the desired authority, Messrs. George 
L. Andrews and Thomas Dwight of Boston set out for the national 
capital. After some difficulty on the way, owing to the obstructed 
communication with Wasiiington, the commissioners reached the 
secretary of war and after much persistence secured permission to 
raise a three-years' regiment, with the understanding that it should 
be accepted if a call should be made for such troops. 

The welcome permission was telegraphed home, the recruiting 
offices were re-opened and others were added in different cities 
through the state. Major Gordon's head-quarters being at Boston. 
To his discretion much — practically everything — concerning the 
composition of the regiment was intrusted, both men and officers 
being selected by him. The regiment was made up and officered as 
follows, Boston being the residence unless otherwise specified : — 

Colonel, George H. Gordon; lieutenant colonel, George L. Andrews; 
major. Wilder Dwiglit ; ailjutant, Charles Wheaton, Jr.; quarter- 
master. 11. Morris Copeland of Koxbury; surgeon, Lucius M. Sar- 
gent, Jr.; assistant surgeon, Lincoln R. Stone of Salem; chaplain, 
l\':v. Alonzo H. Quint of Jamaica Plain; sergeant major. George W. 
Blake; quartermaster sergeant, George F. Browning of Salem; com- 



114 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

missary sergeant, Erastus B. Carll; hospital steward, Joseph W. Nut- 
ting; principal musician, Henry Kesselhuth. 

Company A, Abbott Grays of Lowell — Captain, Edward G. Abbott; 
first lieutenant, Harrison G. 0. Weymouth; second lieutenant, James 
Francis. 

Company B — Captain, Greely S. Curtis; first lieutenant, Charles 
F. Morse of Roxbury; second lieutenant, James M. Ellis. 

Comi)any C, Andrew Light Guard of Salem — Captain, William 
Cogswell; "first lieutenant, Edwin R. Hill; second lieutenant, Robert 
B. Brown. 

Company D — Captain, James Savage, Jr. ; first lieutenant, William 
D. Sedgwick of Lenox; second lieutenant, Henry L. Higginson. 

Company E — Captain, Samuel M. Quincy; first lieutenant, William 
B. Williams of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, Ochran H. Howard 
of Ware. 

Company F — Captain, J. Parker Whitney; first lieutenant, Charles 
R. Mudge; second lieutenant, Robert G. Shaw. 

Company G — Captain, Richard Cary; first lieutenant, Henry S. 
Russell; second lieutenant, Anson D. Sawyer. 

Company H — Captain, Francis H. Tucker; first lieutenant, Thomas 
L. IMotley, Jr., of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Steven G. Perkins of 
Milton. 

Company I — Captain, Adin B. Underwood; first lieutenant, Marcus 
M. Hawes; second lieutenant, Rufus Choate. 

Company K — Captain, Richard C. Goodwin; first lieutenant, George 
P. Bangs; second lieutenant, Charles P. Horton. 

A band of 24 members from different towns and cities was led 
by Charles Speigle of Boston. 

The regimental camp, named in honor of the governor, was 
located at Brook Farm in West Roxbury, on the estate of Rev. 
James Freeman Clarke. Company A was the first to reach the 
spot, on the 11th of IMay, and was rapidly followed by other com- 
panies and detachments, so that on the 18th four companies and 
parts of others had been mustered into the national service by 
Captain Amory of the United States Army. The commissions of 
the officers began to be issued on the 24th. There were the usual 
flag presentations, the first being on the 26th of June, when J. 
Lothrop Motley made the presentation in behalf of the ladies of 
Boston. This was the battle flag, and on the 1st of July a state 
banner was presented by Hon. George S. Hillard, in behalf of the 
ladies of Boston. On the 6tli of July an order was received from 
General Scott, commanding the Union Army, for the Second Regi- 
ment to rcjjort as soon as possible at Williams])ort, ]\Id., for the 
reinforcement of General Patterson. On the morning of the 8th 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. . 115 

cars were taken for Boston, thence to Groton, Ct., and by steamer 
to New York, whence the command rc-cmbarked for Elizabethport, 
N. J. By raih'oad the journey continued durhig the night across 
New Jersey and through Pennsylvania, until on the afternoon of 
the 11th the destination beside the Potomac was reached. 

Early next morning the river was forded and the regiment marched 
toMartinsburg, where it joined General Patterson's main body, and 
was assigned to the Sixth Brigade, Colonel Abercrombie command- 
ing. On the morning of the loth the army advanced to Bunker 
Hill, and on the 17th to Charlestown. Next day the Second was 
ordered back to Harper's Ferry and three days later, Confederate 
General Johnston having eluded him and gone to Bull Run, Gen- 
eral Patterson fell back with his whole force. Colonel Gordon was 
made commander of the post at Harper's Ferry, with his regiment 
as garrison, and while there the loyal women of the town presented 
the regiment with a flag, which they had secretly made and kept 
for such an occasion. About this time Captain Underwood with 
his company was sent down the river to the mouth of the Monocacy, 
where he remained on duty for some weeks. 

General Banks succeeded Patterson in command of the forces 
about Harper's Ferry on the 25th of July, withdrawing to Pleasant 
Valley on the Maryland side the few troops that remained after the 
departure of the three-months' men. Colonel Gordon remained in 
command of the Ferry, with three companies of the Second, while 
the other six companies bivouacked in support of the Federal guns 
on Maryland Hights. Soon afterward General Banks's command 
was extended down the river, covering the different fords and cross- 
ings, and on the 20th of August the Second, being relieved, started 
to rejoin the brigade near HyattstoAvn, which was reached after a 
three-days' march. The regiment encamped in Hall's field, where 
it remained for about two months, and soon after Colonel Gordon 
took temporary command of the brigade, which at that time con- 
sisted of the Twelfth Massachusetts, Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana 
Regiments, in addition to his own. The arrival of fresh troops 
soon made a reorganization necessary, in which the Second Massa- 
chusetts went to the Third Brigade, of which Colonel Gordon was 
for a time commander, the other regiments being the Twenty-eighth 
and Nineteenth New York, Fifth Connecticut and Forty-sixth Penn- 
sylvania, the Rhode Island Batterv A being added later. On the 



116 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

loth of October General A. S. Williams took command of the bri- 
o-ade, — an able officer under whom most of the subsequent service 
of the regiment was had. 

After several preliminary orders during the day, one came in the 
early evening of the 21st of October to march immediately, and the 
Second led the column, which moved rapidly toward Leesburg, meet- 
ing on the way fugitives from the fatal held of Ball's Bluff, the bat- 
tle of which had been fought the 21st. Before morning Conrad's 
Ferry was reached, and the regiment was stationed along the bank 
of the river, where during the day assistance was given in getting 
off the Union soldiers who were still clinging to the opposite shore. 
On the 23d an alarm came up from Edwards Ferry, and during the 
night the Second marched there and marched back again. Three 
days later the regiment was transferred to General Abercrombic's 
Brigade — the First — composed of the Twelfth Massachusetts, 
Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana. On the same day — the 26th — the 
division was ordered back to Darnestown, the Second encamping 
after two days' march at Seneca Creek, three miles from the town, 
where they were for some time engaged in picketing the river. 
The health of the men suffering severely, a change of camp was 
made shortly after, but gave no exemption from the deadly malaria. 
Amid many discouragements, the Massachusetts Thanksgiving Day 
was not allowed to pass without due observance, and owing to the 
kindness of friends and the care of officers a very creditable feast, 
Avith proper accompaniment of devotion and recreation, made the 
day memorable. 

The brigade was relieved on the 4th of December, and set out 
for Frederick, where after three days of marching and waiting, 
camp was pitched in a pleasant wood four miles east of the city be- 
side the Baltimore pike, where the winter months passed with very 
little to break the monotony of camp life, though the proximity of 
Frederick and the friendliness of the people, as well as the ease 
of communication with home, made the situation agreeable. The 
bands of the various regiments did much to cheer the dull season, 
giving frequent concerts at Frederick and playing in camj) ; while 
among other innovations the Second Regiment boasted a Masonic 
lodge, of which Colonel Gordon was Master. 

This life at " Camp Ilicks" came to an end on the morning of 
February 27, 1862, when the regiment marched to Frederick and 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 117 

took cars to Sandy Hook, whence it crossed the ponton bridge to 
Harper's Ferry, being quartered in some of the deserted dwellings. 
Company F was detailed for ])rovost duty and Lieutenant Colonel 
Andi'cws was made provost marshal of the place. The following 
day a reconnaissance was ordered to Charlestown, and the regiment 
entci'ed that historic town to the music of " John Brown." Gen- 
eral McClellan at once ordered a permanent occupation of the 
place, and the following Sunday the Second held religious services 
in the court-house where John Brown had been condemned to death, 
the chaplain occupying the seat used by the judge at the trial. The 
forward movement against " Stonewall" Jackson at Winchester be- 
gan on the 9th of March, the Second moving by way of Berryville, 
with the usual contradictory orders, countermarches and skirmishes, 
only to find that the Confederates had retreated, leaving the tenant- 
less fortifications, in the vicinity of which the Second remained 
some ten days. 

At this time another reorganization of the division took place, the 
Second Regiment being transferred to the Third Brigade, of which 
Colonel Gordon took command, the other regiments l)oing the Third 
Wisconsin, Twenty-seventh Indiana and Twenty-ninth Pennsylva- 
nia. On the 26th of March General Banks took command of the 
Fifth Corps, composed of his own division and that of General 
Shields, and General A. S. Williams succeeded him as division 
commander. 

On the 20th the Second with other troops were ordered toward 
Washington, and two days later marched as far as Snicker's Ferry, 
where a broken-down ponton bridge prevented their crossing. While 
waiting for it to be repaired the regiment was ordered back toward 
Winchester on account of renewed activity on the part of the enemy, 
reaching that place on the 24th after a sharp march, to find that 
General Shields's Division had driven off Jackson's threatening 
forces. The following evening the pursuit was taken up as far as 
Strasburg, in which vicinity several days were passed preliminary 
to the sharp onward movement of the 1st of April. On that day 
the regiment led the column, keeping up a running fight with the 
retiring enemy till brought to a stand by the destruction of a bridge 
at Edenburg, where with the river between them the opi)osing forces 
watched each other two weeks longer, while preparations for a 
vigorous movement against Jackson were completed. On the 17th 



118 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Banks advanced against the enemy at Mount Jackson, Gordon's 
Brigade being sent to the right to fall upon the Confederate flank. 
The demonstration caused the retreat of the foe and a pursuit fol- 
lowed, across the north fork of the Shenandoah and through New- 
market. 

From that point, the regiment advanced on the 25th to near Har- 
risonburg,wliere the enemy were rei)orted, but a reconnaissance of 
11 miles two days later revealed none. General Banks being 
ordered to fall back to Strasburg, the Second marched a short dis- 
tance on the evening of May 4, and the following day retreated to 
Newmarket. At midnight they were aroused to climb the Mas- 
sanutten range on false information, returning to camp after two 
days passed on the eastern slope, finally reaching Strasburg on the 
13tli, where General Banks was directed to remain and fortify, with 
the two brigades of Colonels Gordon and Donelly. 

The anticipated attack from " Stonewall " Jackson began to fall 
on Banks's little force on the 23d of May, when Colonel Kenly with 
the First Maryland and a few detachments stationed at Front Royal 
as an outpost was attacked and driven back, Kenly being wounded. 
This opened the way for the enemy to Winchester, in the rear of 
Banks, and next morning Strasburg was evacuated and a rapid move- 
ment down the Valley began, the Union commander hoping to reach 
Winchester in advance of the Confederates. Consequently most 
of the troops preceded the trains, which were necessarily long and 
cumbersome ; but at Newtown the enemy appeared among the wagons, 
cutting off a considerable number, and Colonel Gordon was sent back 
with his brigade and some artillery to repair the mischief. Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Andrews and the Second were ordered to drive the foe 
from Newtown, which was done, Companies A and C being deployed 
as skirmishers, and the place was held for some hours. Colonel 
Andrews then burned such wagons as he could not bring off for 
want of horses, and at twilight the retreat was continued. 

Three or four companies of the Second formed the rear guard of 
Banks's column, and several attacks were made by the enemy in 
strong force, but all were repelled or checked so as to afford ample 
protection to the column in front. At Kernstown a halt Avas made 
and the wounded of the regiment, in charge of Surgeon Leland, 
were gathered in one of the houses, as ambulances could not be ob- 
tained to send them forward. Another attack was soon made, and 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 119 

the regiment after returning the fire fell back to the vicinity of 
Winchester, which was reached at 2 o'clock. After skirmishing 
through the rest of the night, line of battle was formed at daylight 
with Donelly's Brigade on the left of the road south of Winchester 
and Gordon's on the right, — the Second Regiment on the flank. 
The skirmishers were soon driven in by the Confederate Stonewall 
Brigade, and the battle began, Com}mnies I) and (t of the Second 
being thrown forward to a stone-wall to harass the enemy's gunners, 
which was very effectively done. After two hours of sharp fight- 
ing the Union position was flanked and the Second retired through 
Winchester, llrcd upon from ihe houses as they passed, and out 
u])on the Martinsburg road, forming the rear of the retreating army. 

xV march of 32 miles without a halt, threatened often by the pur- 
suing enemy, brought the column to Martinsburg, where the pursuit 
ceased ; a few " hard tack " were distributed among the hungry 
soldiers, then on again 13 miles further to Williamsport, where the 
Potomac was crossed and Banks's little band was safe. Four com- 
panies of the Second with an equal detail from the Third Wiscon- 
sin and a section of artillery guarded the approaches to the river 
for three days while the crossing was effected and the camps were 
established on the Maryland side. The regiment had been severely 
tested ; constantly serving as rear guard, it had marched 56 miles 
in 33 hours, besides fighting in one " pitched battle " and in frequent 
skirmishes. Its loss had been seven killed, six mortally and 41 
otherwise wounded and 94 taken prisoners, 17 of w4iom were 
wounded. Among the captured were JVlajor Dwight, who had 
stopped for a moment in Winchester to assist a Avounded man ; 
Surgeon Leland, in charge of the wounded at Kernstown ; and 
Assistant Surgeon Stone, left at the hospital at Winchester — 
all of whom Avere paroled within a few days. On account of his 
distinguished services in this retreat, Colonel Gordon was made a 
brigadier general, the lieutenant colonel and major were each ad- 
vanced one grade and Captain Savage became major. The com- 
mand of the brigade was for a time transferred to General George 
S. Greene, formerly colonel of the Sixtieth New York. 

The next movement up the Valley began on the 10th of June, 
when the Potomac was crossed, the Second bivoucking that night 
at Falling Waters and the next at Bunker Hill ; Williams's Divisi<m 
marched through Winchester on the 12th with drums beating, con- 



120 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

tinuing the journey of that day to Bartonsville, where a halt of six 
days followed. On the 18tli a movement was made to near Front 
Royal ; then another halt, lasting till the 6th of July, during which 
General Gordon returned to the command of the brigade. On the 
6th of July the Second marched by slow stages to and through Front 
Eoyal, next day to Chester Gap, reaching Warrenton on the 11th. 

The regiment had now entered the Army of Virginia, commanded 
by General Pope, General Banks's troops being designated as the 
Second Corps. The First Division consisted of two brigades, the 
First under General Crawford and the Third under Gordon ; the 
Second Division under General Augur had three brigades. Gordon's 
Brigade now consisted in addition to the Second of the Third Wiscon- 
sin and Twenty-seventh Indiana. The order directing Banks to 
Warrenton proved to be a mistake — Little Washington was the 
place meant, and on the 16th and 17th the regiment marched to 
its proper destination where it remained till August 6. 

Marching on that day and the following to Hazel River, the 
Second there received 50 recruits, marching on the 8th to Culpeper, 
while Crawford's Brigade was sent toward Cedar Mountain to the 
support of the Union cavalry. The Second went into bivouac about 
midnight, and in the morning General Banks with the rest of his 
corps was ordered forward to the support of Crawford, some six 
miles away. In the battle which followed Gordon's Brigade was at 
first the only reserve, and when Crawford's Brigade, forming the 
Federal right, was broken Gordon pushed forward at the double- 
quick to fill the gap, the Second on the left of the brigade line. 
Almost immediately a terrible attack was received, crumbling away 
the entire right till the Second stood alone and almost enveloped, 
when a retreat to the former position was ordered. When the 
Union line was strengthened and reformed during the night the 
Second took a position near the center, but it was not again engaged, 
and next day moved to a wood some distance to the left. 

The casualties of the regiment in the battle of Cedar Mountain 
were heavy, embracing more than a third of the force taken into 
action. Of 23 ofiiccrs only seven were unhurt; Cajttains Abbott, 
Cary, Williams and (ioodv.in and Lieutenant Perkins were killed; 
Major Savage was mortally wounded and a ju-isoner. Of the en- 
listed men 36 were killed and 13 mortally hurt, while 1>9 others 
were wounded and 14 ca})turcd. Surgeon Leland was wounded in 



THE SECOXD UEGIMENT. 121 

the head early in the action, and Captain Russell was made prisoner 
while striving- to care for Major Savage. A Zouave company, for- 
merly General Banks's body guard, which had recently been at- 
tached to the i'Cgimcnt,lost li! in killed and missnig. Many of the 
Avounded of the regiment, as well as of other regiments, were cared 
for by Chaplain Quint of the Second, whose services at such times 
were often commended. 

When the rest of Pope's army advanced, Banks's Cor|is, o\\ ing 
to its shattered conditicm, was returned to Culpepcr, and there the 
Second remained for six days, its roster comprising one field, six 
line and three staff officers. On the 19th, in connection with the 
retreat northward of Pope's army before the reinforced Jackson, 
the Second moved by way of Brandy Station across the Rap])ahan- 
nock,and that evening the depleted ranks received the welcome ad- 
dition of 90 recruits just from Massachusetts. In a day or two the 
regiment took up the camjjaign of maneuvers in eai-nest. First 
down the river for a mile or two, and then up, from one ford or 
bridge to the next, day after day, now inider tire and then watching 
the skirmishing of others, till Waterloo Bridge was reached ; thence 
eastward by Warrenton to Kettle llun on the 28th, and for the two 
days following forming the extreme right of Pope's command while 
the second battle of Bull Run was fought and lost — the regiment 
in hearing of the terrible conflict but called to take no active part. 
On the 31st, making a detour of 20 miles to accom])lish four — to 
avoid an imaginary force of the enemy — the Second led its corps, 
crossing Bull Run, passing one night at Centerville, then on to Fair- 
fax Court House, that evening under fire in support of Rcud's line 
at Chantilly, the brigade ordered back next day to Fairfax to bring 
oif stores, where the enemy was in full force ; linally on the o<l of 
September halting near Fort Albany, a part of the Army of the 
Potonuu' and under the command of General McClellan. 

In the reorganization of the army groat changes were at once 
made. (Jenerab Banks, who had been hurt at Cedar Mountain, was 
l)laced in command of the defenses about Washington, while his 
two divisions became the Twelfth Corps, which General Williams 
temporarily commanded. The two brigades of the First Division 
remained practically unchanged, except that to Gordon's two regi- 
ments of new troops M'cre added a few days later — the Thirteenth 
New Jcrsev and the One Hundred and Seventh New York. 



122 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The Second Regiment crossed the Potomac by the bridge at 
Georgetown on the 4th of September, camping near Tennallytown, 
and the next day moved on to Rockville, where the Second and 
Twelfth Corps formed the center of the army, under command of 
General Sumner. Four days passed without further movement, at 
the end of which the army in parallel columns advanced toward 
Frederick, near which historic town the Second encamped on the 
13th. Next day the advance was continued, through the streets of 
the town, through fields, forests and every imaginable obstacle, to 
the sound of the artillery at the mountain passes in front. 

General Mansfield took command of the corps on the morning 
of the 15th, and the following morning a short march took the 
regiment with its fellows near Antietam Creek, in readiness for the 
great battle. During the day there was no further movement of 
the corps, but at 10 o'clock that night orders came to move at once, 
and the Twelfth Corps crossed the Antietam in support of Hooker, 
who had already deployed his First Corps beyond the stream. 
After the latter had been fighting an hour or two the following 
morning Williams's Division was ordered forward to his sup})ort, 
Crawford's Brigade on the right and Gordon's on the left. As they 
advanced General Mansfield was killed and the command of the 
corps devolved on General Williams. 

The three old regiments of the brigade went first into action, 
the Second on the right, formed along a fence and separated from 
its fellow-regiments by a battery. Presently, the other two regi- 
ments suffering very severely from the fire of the enemy, the i>osi- 
tion of the Second was changed somewhat, so that it gave a fiank 
fire with terrible effect, driving the foe back, when the Union line 
advanced, the Second capturing the battle-fiag of the Eleventh 
Mississippi. Soon Sumner's Corps went hurrying to the front, and 
General Gordon was ordered to give him support. The Second and 
Thirteenth New Jersey, the only available regiments, were moved 
some distance forward and took a position, where they became 
heavily engaged in a short time by Jackson's reinforcements, and 
being vastly outnumbered and isolated the order was given to fall 
back, and the regiment did no further serious Avork, though moving 
from point to point, in support of batteries and other service. The 
loss of the regiment, with less than 300 men taken into action, had 
been 15 killed and 50 wounded, among the latter Lieutenant Colonel 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 123 

Dwight fatalh'. LiGutenant Sedgwick, who wns on the staff of 
General John Sedgwick, died of wounds on the 2Tth. 

On the 20th the Second found themselves again at Maryland 
Hights, opposite Harper's Ferry, near their station of a year jx-e- 
vious, and there they remained for some time picketing the river. 
Colonel Andrews was at that time assigned to the command of a 
brigade, and was soon after commissioned brigadier, the regiment 
being for some time in command of Captain Cogswell, who Avas 
presently commissioned lieutenant colonel, the other field commis- 
sions being of Captain Quincy (absent wounded) as colonel and 
Captain Charles R. Mudge as major. General H. W. Slocum now 
became the commander of the Twelfth Corps. 

Thanksgiving day was formally celebrated by the command 
November 27, and on the 12th of December the regiment broke 
camp, crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, moving thence by 
way of Lccsburg to Fairfax Station, Avhich was reached on the 17th; 
starting thence southward but returning after a day or two of toil- 
ing through the mud to wait, with some false alarms, till the 19th 
of January, when the division moved down to Stafford Court House, 
near which on the 23d it encamped to remain for more than three 
months. At this time, as often during the history of the Second, 
many of its ofiicers were sent out to responsible })Ositions in other 
commands, and here General Gordon resigned from broken health, 
the command of the brigade passing to General Thomas J. Ruger, 
formerly colonel of the Third Wisconsin. 

The Chancellorsville movement began on the 27th of April, the 
men starting out with eight days' rations and 60 rounds of cart- 
ridges, marching that day to near Hartwood Church. The next 
night the Second, commanded by Colonel Quincy, bivouacked within 
two miles of Kelly's Ford, which the Eleventh Corps had already 
crossed, passed to the front next morning and with the Third Wiscon- 
sin and Twenty-seventh Indiana led the march to Gernuinia Ford on 
the Rapidan, where over a hundred Confederates who were buiUling 
a bridge were captured. The regiment then forded the river and a 
bridge for the passage of the Union army was quickly constructed. 
On the 30th the Second formed the rear of the Twelfth Corps, 
marching by the plank road to near Chancellorsville, a little distance 
to the westward of which it went into position. During the 1st of 
May the corps was moved a mile or two to the east, encountered. 



124 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the enemy, and the formation of tlie ground behig considered un- 
favorable for an engagement returned to its former position, where 
on the morning of the 2d the regiment built its first intrenchments. 

That morning "Stonewall" Jackson's column was observed cross- 
ing a hill in front of the Federal lines and part of the Third Corps, 
Barlow's Brigade of the Eleventh and finally Williams's Division 
of the Twelfth, went out to operate against it. Wliile thus engaged 
the crash of battle broke almost in their rear and Williams hurried 
his command back to fhid the Eleventh Corps broken and part of 
the defenses constructed by the Second Massachusetts already in 
possession of the enemy. Ruger's Brigade formed line on lower 
ground in front of the Union artillery, where it remained all through 
the incessant firing and alarms of that night of battle. In the dis- 
positions of the next day the lines of the Third Corps extended to 
the front of this position, placing Williams's Division in support ; 
but when the Third Corps was forced back the shock of battle came 
upon the wearers of the red star cor})S badge in all its force. Three 
times did the fire of Ruger's veterans, in connection, with the 
splendid artillery service supporting them, drive back the best 
trooj'S of the Confederacy, on the last occasion advancing the 
Union line so that the Second found themselves once more in their 
old intrenchments, but entirely out of ammunition and unable to ob- 
tain more. In this dilemma, after standing for nearly an hour with 
fixed bayonets the regiment fell back near the Chancellor House, 
and later to the new line which had been marked for occupation, 
the regiment moving toward the United States ford. 

That afternoon the cor})s listened to the roar of Sedgwick's guns 
at Salem Church and after dark took position at the extreme Union 
left, occupying intrenchments near the river beside the Eleventh 
Cor])s, from wliich on the morning of the 6th they moved to United 
States Ford and recrossed the river. During the day the Second 
inarched 23 miles tlirougli the rain to its old camp at Stafford Court 
House. A third of those who left the camjjten days before did not 
return ; 81 had ])een killed or mortally wounded, including First 
Lieutenant Gerald Fitzgerald of Boston ; 90 wounded, including 
Lieutenant Colonel Cogswell, and eight had been captured. As" 
sistant Surgeon James Wightman of Boston, died at Washington 
of disease on the 15th of June. 

Early in June Colonel Quincy resigned and was succeeded by 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 12.3 

Lieutenant Colonel Cogswell, ^lajor Mudue becoiniug lieutenant 
colonel and Ca))tain Charles F. Morse major. On the 6th of June 
the Second and the Third Wisconsin, with a few otlier picked regi- 
ments, were sent out in support of a movement by the Union cavalry 
across the river by way of Kelly's and Beverly's Fords. On the 
morning of the 9th the Second crossed at the latter ford and had 
some part in the skirmishing which ensued, losing three men 
wounded. Recrossing the river that night, they marched next 
morning to Bealton, stopping there three or four days and finally 
rejoining the corps, then on its march toward Gettysburg, at Fairfax. 

The marches of the 17th and 18th took the regiment to the vicin- 
ity of Leesburg, where a stop was made till the 2()th, when in a 
rain storm the Potomac was crossed at Edwards Ferry and the 
course taken led along the river bank, across the Monocacy and to 
Point of Rocks, which was reached on the 2Tth, the regiment con- 
tinuing on to Petersville, returning next day to Frederick, and 
crossing the Monocacy. That evening the news of Hooker's retire- 
ment and Meade's promotion to the command of the army was 
made known, but there was no halt. The army moved steadily 
forward, and on the 1st of July the corps halted at Two Taverns. 
Soon the firing at Gettysburg was heard and the corps was ordered 
forward, going into position to the right of the reserve on Cemetery 
Hill. The line ran across Culp's Hill and the meadows to Rock 
Creek, forming the right of the Federal army. 

With slight changes of position and some skirmishing the regi- 
ment remained in this locality till the following afternoon, when 
Williams's Division — the Third Brigade commanded by Colonel 
Colgrove of the Twenty-seventh Indiana — was ordered to the left 
to assist the Third Corps, but was presently sent back to the right. 

Approaching their works after dark, the officers of the regiment 
suspected that they were occupied, and Company F as skirmishers 
reported the Confederates there in force. This was confirmed by 
Company K, which reached the works, captured several prisoners 
and came back with slight loss. The brigade therefore took posi- 
tion a few hundred yards away, behind a slight rise of ground, 
with a swamp between it and the enemy. About 7 o'clock next 
morning the Second and the Twenty -seventh Indiana were directed 
to charge across the marsh and retake the Avorks. Desperate as 
the attempt was seen to be, the regiment responded magnificently. 



126 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

The Twenty -seventh were driven back by the terrible fire which 
was at once encountered, but the Second went straight across and 
up ahnost to the face of the works, Avhere protected somewhat by 
the rocks and trees what were left held gallantly on till the appear- 
ance of a Confederate line in their rear ; then facing about they 
charged directly through the new force, finally reaching the shelter 
of a broken stone-wall in front and to the left of their first posi- 
tion. Here the survivors were sheltered somewhat, and after firing 
heavily for some time the regiment was ordered back to the start- 
ing point, which was reached without further serious loss. A few 
hours later the persistent Union attack forced the enemy from the 
intrenchmcnts and in the afternoon the Second went over to the 
coveted position, caring for their wounded and burying their dead. 

The loss of the regiment had been terrible. Of 22 officers, four 
were killed or mortally hiirt and six others wounded ; of 294 en- 
listed men, 39 were killed or fatally injured and 84 others wounded, 
and six were prisoners. Of the killed were Lieutenant Colonel 
Mudge, commanding the regiment, and Second Lieutenant Henry 
y. D. stone of Brookline ; Captains Thomas R. Robeson of Cam- 
bridge and Thomas B. Fox of Dorchester were mortally wounded. 
Three color-bearers had been killed and one wounded. 

In the march from Gettysburg toward the Virginia line, the 
Second on the 10th passed over the field of Antietam, anil on the 
12th went into position and intrenched near Williamsport, facing 
the Confederate army. There Colonel Cogswell, sufficiently re- 
covered from his wound to take the field, resumed command of the 
regiment. The 14th found the hostile works deserted and the 
enemy across the Potomac, and the parallel race southward at once 
began. The Second reached Sandy Hook on the 16th, crossed the 
river into Virginia on the 19th, moving by Hillsboro, Snickersville, 
Wliite Plains and llaymarket to Warrcnton Junction, near which 
they halted on the 26tli ; on the 31st moving past Bealton to near 
Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock, which was crossed next day in 
support of a cavalry movement, the regiment being dc])loyed as 
skirmishers but not engaged. In the evening of August 2 they re- 
turned to camp, where they remained quietly till the 16th. On 
that day the Second, accompanied by the Third Wisconsin and 
Twenty-seventh Indiana of its own brigade and eight other picked 
regiments, all under command of General Ruger, marched to 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 127 

Rappahannock Station where cars were taken for Alexandria, at 
which i)lace a halt of two days was made. The purpose of the ex- 
pedition was kept a profound secret, so far as its members were 
concerned, till they were embarked on steamcivs, when it was made 
known that the destination was New York city, over which the 
possibility of another draft riot was hanging. 

Reaching the metropolis, the Second were stationed at City Hall 
park, where were General Rugcr's head-ijuarters, the other regi- 
ments being disposed at various points about the city. Two weeks 
l)assed there in quiet; then on the afternoon of the 5th of Sejjtcm- 
ber the regiments were marched to the wharf, took steamers again, 
and the return trip was begun. From Alexandria, Ruger's three 
regiments marched back to the old camp at the left of the Army of 
the Potomac, and on the IGth the brigade crossed the Raj)pahan- 
nock, moving carefully forward till its pickets were established at 
Raccoon Ford on the Rapidan. 

There, on the 24th, came orders which transferred the Second to 
other fields of usefulness. The Eleventh and Twelfth CorjJS had 
been placed under the comuiand of General Hooker and detailed 
fur the su])port of Rosecrans, who had just fought the battle of 
Chickamauga, and whose position had become critical at Chatta- 
nooga. Bealton was reached on the 2Gth and next day the com- 
mand took cars, going by way of Alexandria, Washington, Relay, 
Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg ; leaving the cars at Ben wood to 
cross the Ohio river on pontons, but resuming travel by rail to and 
through Columbus, Xenia, Louisville, Nashville and Stevenson, 
Ala., the regiment debarked near the latter place at the end of 
seven days' continuous journeying. 

The first duty of General Hooker's command was the protection 
of the railroad by which Rosecrans's supplies were forwarded from 
Nashville, and within a few hours after the arrival of the Second 
came the rej)ort that the road over which it had just come had been 
cut, and Williams's Division, of which the regiment formed a. part 
of the Second Brigade, was ordered back to repair the mischief. 
Going nominally by rail but really mai'chiug most of the way, the 
Second finally reached Christiana October 8, staid there till the 
morning of the 10th when they came back as far as Elk river 
bridge, where they remained on guard duty for 12 days. During 
this time (Jencral Georue H. Thomas succeeded General Rosecrans 



128 MASSACHUSETrS AV THE WAR. 

in command of the Army of the CumberLand, the department hav- 
ing been made part of the Military Division of the Mississippi 
under command of General Grant. Hooker Avas at once directed 
to concentrate the Eleventh Corps and Geary's Division of the 
Twelfth for operations in Lookout Valley looking to the relief of 
Chattanooga. 

On the 23d the regiment started toward the south, marched for 
three days, found it was not wanted in that direction, faced to the 
rear and marched back to Christiana, where it tore down an old 
camp and built a new one, was presently informed that it wasn't 
wanted there, marched back again to Elk river bridge between the 
6th and 8th of November, and in the fortifications at that point 
made a more permanent stop. On the 26th of November, Thanks- 
giving was observed, and during the following month so many 
members of the regiment re-enlisted as to assure the continuance of 
the regiment in the field as an organization till the close of the 
war. The re-enlistment dated from the 31st of December, from 
which time the regiment was known as the " Second Veteran." 
On the 10th of January, 1864, the re-enlisted ones, temporarily 
consolidated into five companies, left for home on a 30-days' fur- 
lough, reaching Boston on the evening of the 19th. There was an 
enthusiastic reception the following day in Faneuil Hall, in which 
Governor Andrew, General Burnside and others took part, after 
which the men were dismissed to their homes for a month. On 
the afternoon of February 23 the command started on its return, 
rejoining the balance of the regiment at TuUahoma eight days 
later, where were the corps, division and brigade head-quarters; 
Colonel Cogswell was made commandant of the post, placing the 
regiment under command of Major Francis, Lieutenant Colonel 
Morse being on the staff of General Slocum. 

Before the opening of the spring campaign the Eleventh and 
Twelfth Corps were consolidated, forming the Twentieth, of which 
General Hooker took command. General Slocuni going to Vicks- 
burg. The live-pointed star of the Twelfth Corps was retained as 
the corps badge of the Twentieth. General Ruger's brigade still 
remained the Second Brigade, First Division. Lieutenant Colonel 
Moi'se returned to the regiment, and on the 28th of A})ril the move- 
ment toward Atlanta began. The regiment marched to Bridgeport, 
crossed the Tennessee river there, moved by way of Wauhatchie 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 129 

around the north end of Lookout Mountain, thence south to Ring- 
gold, where on the 6th of May the Army of the Cumberland, of 
which the Second formed a part, united with the other divisions of 
Sherman's great army within feeling distance of the enemy. In 
the fighting which ensued the regiment was not engaged till the 
15th at Resaca. There, having first conducted a reconnaissance and 
located the ])Osition of the enemy, it formed part of the attacking 
line, moving forward to a chosen position where it received and rc- 
j)elled three attacks by the enemy, its loss being seven .killed and 
mortally wounded, and 18 less severely hurt. 

That night the Confederates abandoned the place and the Union 
army at once took uji the pursuit, though the Second were not again 
in line of battle till Cassville was approached on the 10th, where 
the enemy seemed determined to make a stand, and some skirmish- 
ing took place ; but next morning Johnston's forces were nowhere 
to be seen. Sherman's army now rested for a few days, and on the 
22d the original term of service of the regiment expired. Seven 
officers and about 200 enlisted men left on that day for Chattanooga,, 
where they were mustered out of the national service and returned 
to Massachusetts ; but the Second Massachusetts Regiment, though 
with shortened line, still remained in the Army of the Cumberland. 

The enemy had fallen back to a strong position at Alatoona Pass, 
beyond the Etowah river to the southeast. General Sherman de- 
termined to flank this position on the west, and the Second marched 
early on the 23d, crossing the Etowah on pontons about noon, 
climbed the Alatoona hills the next day as guard to the division ord- 
nance trains, and early en the 25th crossed Pumpkin Vine Creek 
to within three miles of Dallas, when the division was faced about 
and inarched to the support of Geary's Division, with which Hooker 
had begun the obstinate battle of New Hope Church. By special 
detail the regiment was left with a battery to destroy the bridge 
across the creek and guard against any possible passage by the Con- 
federates, where it remained for three days and did not particijiate 
in the battle, in which its division suffered severely. 

The regiment was detailed on the 29th as escort for a long train 
of wagons loaded with wounded, which it accom])anied to Kingston, 
and remained there till the 4th of June, when with other troops 
and 60 recruits for its own ranks it started back in guard of sup- 
plies, rejoining its brigade in front of the enemy's strong position 



130 MASSACHUSETTS IN TEE WAR. 

on Lost Mountain on the 8th. Often under heavy fire, maneuvering 
and drawing the cordon closer, the Union army carried out its plans 
till on the 16th the condition of the enemy became so critical that 
the}' fell back early the next morning, and the Second following 
them to their second line halted and intrenched. The next day was 
rainy, and on the 19th it was found that Johnston had again with- 
drawn, taking position covering Marietta. The Second were among 
the pursuing troojis, and presently to the south of Kenesaw again 
intrenched in the face of the enemy, in doing which First Lieuten- 
ant Caleb II. Lord of Ipswich was mortally wounded. Confronting 
the enemy here, moving frequently and building new works, often 
under fire with occasionally one or two wounded, but not seriously 
engaged, the regiment served till the close of the month. 

Colonel Cogswell returned on the 1st of July, after an absence of 
six weeks, bringing a hundred recruits and resuming the command, 
which Lieutenant Colonel Morse had well maintained meantime. 
On the 2d the Confederate position was again abandoned, John- 
ston falling back with an occasional stand till the south bank of the 
Chattahooche was reached, and across the river the hostile armies 
watched each other for some days. The Second crossed the Chatta- 
hooche on the 17th and Peach Tree Creek on the ^Oth, being in 
the second line during the bloody battle of that name the same 
afternoon, though not engaged and losing but two or three men 
wounded. 

The enemy retired to the defenses of Atlanta on the 22d and 
the regiment was among the troops which followed and under the 
Confederate fire threw up works behind which it remained for a 
week. On the 28th General Hooker resigned the command of the 
corps on account of the appointment of General Howard to the com- 
mand of the Army of the Tcnnossee, succeeding the slain McPher- 
son, and General Williams led the corps till the arrival of General 
Slocum. 

On the morning of July 30 Lieutenant Colonel Morse, field officer 
of the day, captured the enemy's skirmish line in his front, with a 
considerable number of prisoners, and the Second at once moA-ed 
forward to assist in retaining Avhat had been gained. Works were 
hastily thrown up and the repeated efforts of the Confederates to 
regain the lost hill were handsomely repulsed. The loss of the 
Second was three killed and five wounded, and a few more were 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 131 

hurt in the intrcnchmcnts during the continuance of the siege. At 
this time Surgeon Williani II. Heath sickened and died on the 28th 
of August at Chattanooga, to which pLace he was sent, depriving 
the regiment of the services of an able and conscientious medical 
ofhcer. 

General Sherman's operations against Atlanta necessitated the 
moving back of the Twentieth C()ri)s to Chattahooche river on the 
25tli of August, the Second Massachusetts Regiment being stationed 
in a fort covering the railroad bridge across the river, where it re- 
mained till the fall of the city. The Confederates evacuated the 
place on the night of the 1st of September, and late the following 
day the Second marched into the city, pitching their tents in City 
Park. Colonel Cogswell was made commandant of the post, with 
Lieutenant Colonel Morse as provost marshal and Adjutant Fox as 
post adjutant. Major Francis being inspector on the staff of Gen- 
eral Williams, the command of the regiment devolved on Captain 
Robert B. Brown, and the Second being made provost guard — a 
position especially difficult under the circumstances — the qualities 
of both commander and command were well tested, with credit to 
all concerned. 

The regiment remained in Atlanta till the evacuation of the city 
after its destruction at the beginning of the march to the sea, and 
was the last to leave on the 16th of November, Meantime many 
recruits had been assigned to the Second, a large part of whom 
proved worthless and deserted before reaching camp or at the first 
opportunity ; though others became true soldiers and well main- 
tained the reputation of the regiment. This experience was in 
common with that of other commands at that time, many of the 
recruits being influenced by the large bounties offered rather than 
by patriotism. 

The Fourteenth Corps having been the last to leave Atlanta, the 
brigade followed the fortunes of that organization to near Milledge- 
ville, which was passed on the 23d, when the Second rejoined its 
own corps, forming part of the left wing. Hebron was reached the 
24th, and there, with supplies which had scarcely passed through 
the commissary's hands, the New England Thanksgiving was cele- 
brated. Then the march was onward, with now and then a skir- 
mish but very little actual opposition, the regiment taking its full 
share of the toil and excitement, destroying railroads, bridges, cot- 



132 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ton — whatever could comfort or support the armed enemies of the 
Union. 

The prison-pen at Millen, from which all the living prisoners 
had been removed, was reached on the 3d of December, but no 
stop was made ; on the 9th, 15 miles from Savannah a rebel work 
mounting two guns was encountered, flanked and carried, and the 
next day the brigade struck and began to destroy the Savannah 
and Charleston railroad ten miles from the former city. That 
afternoon, six miles nearer, hostile fortifications were encountered, 
half a mile from which the regiment bivouacked in line of battle. 
Next morning the Second with the One Hundred and Seventh New 
York, under command of Colonel Cogswell, went forward on a re- 
connaissance, found the enemy's works in the rear of a Hooded rice 
swamp, and returned. 

On the afternoon of the 15th the regiment was ordered to join 
the Third Wisconsin on Argyle Island in the Savannah river, 
which was done with considerable difficulty on flat boats which got 
aground and waited for the tide, and the day after the rest of the 
brigade followed. Connection had now been made Avith the fleet 
which awaited the coming of Sherman, and a large mail was re- 
ceived ; but the troops on the island were annoyed by the fire of 
the hostile batteries on the eastern shore. On the morning of the 
19th the brigade (which was commanded by Colonel Carman of the 
Thirteenth New Jersey, (Jeneral Ruger commanding the First 
Division, Twenty-third Corps) was crossed to the South Carolina 
side, Avhere it advanced some three miles and took up a good posi- 
tion threatening the only line of retreat from Savannah. Some 
demonstrations were made by the enemy, but no serious attack, 
and on the morning of the 21st the force was recalled, the city 
having surrendered. It was afternoon of the 22d, however, before 
the opposition of the elements and the Confederates allowed the 
brigade to complete the transfer to Georgia soil. The next day a 
camp was laid out and soon built, to be shifted to a less favorable 
location a few days later ; on the 30th the corps was reviewed by 
General Slieinuin in Savannah, — and thus the year 1864 ended. 

Soon after (.'olonel Cogswell Avas l)revctted a brigadier general 
and assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, 
Twentieth Corjjs. On the IGth of January, 1865, he formally took 
leave of his well-tried comnumd, ijicutenant Colonel Moi-se thence- 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 133 

forth Icadinsr the re<rimeiit ; Colonel Hawley of the Third Wiscon- 
sin took command of the brigade. The movement through the 
Carohnas had already begun, the first of the troops having marched 
the 15th, and on the 17th the Second Regiment took the road, 
crossing the Savannah river on pontons. The march Avhich fol- 
lowed was one of the most trying in which the regiment had ever 
taken part. The weather was stormy and the water high, flooding 
the roads and all the country for miles, and one storm only seemed 
to give place to another ; the roads were obstructed in every 
way possible to impede and delay the advance, and Wheeler's 
cavalry, while not strong enough to offer battle in earnest, hovered 
on all sides to harass and annoy. So slow was the progress of the 
column that on the 29th the Second had only ascended the river to 
Robertvillc, where a halt of three days was made. 

Quitting that place February 2, the route led thence straight 
through the heart of the Carolinas, the Edisto being crossed on the 
13th and the Wateree ten days later ; Cheraw was occupied by the 
regiment and other troops on the 6th of March, and on the 13th a 
review was had by General Sherman in Fayetteville. On the 14th 
the regiment with the Thirteenth New Jersey was sent on a recon- 
naissance for forage and the next day marched some ten miles and 
halted in a ]>ouring rain, but at evening was ordered forward some 
five miles to the support of Kilpatrick's cavalry, which had en- 
countered the enemy in force. The night was passed in line of 
battle and on the IGth the battle of Averysboro was fought. 

The Confederate commander, Johnston, to gain time for the con- 
centration of his forces beyond, had instructed Hardee to check 
the progress of Slocum's column as much as he could, and Hardee 
had therefore posted his troops with the river on his right and the 
swamp on his left, at a narrow point. In the morning the brigade, 
with the Second on the left, with skirmishers well out and the flanks 
guarded by cavalry, advanced against the enemy and took position 
in the edge of a swampy wood near an open field, covering the main 
road. The enemy made desperate efforts with infantry and ar- 
tillery to drive back the small force, but every attempt was repelled, 
the brigade holding its ground till it was out of ammunition when 
it was relieved by that of General Cogswell, which drove the foe 
back through two lines of works and into the third, which were 
abandoned during the niu'ht. The loss of the Second had been 



134 IIASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

four killed and nine wounded, amoui? the former lieing Captain J. 
Inu'crsoll Grafton of Boston, who was shot through the neck while 
bravely commanding the skirmish line. First Lieutenant Samuel 
Storrow of Boston, on General CogswclFs staff, was also killed. 

Receiving fresh ammunition, the regiment with its brigade was 
moved to the right where it again advanced upon the enemy, driv- 
ing them back and holding the ground gained until relieved. Dur- 
ing this time Lieutenant Colonel Morse commanding the regiment 
was disabled by a wound in the shoulder, devolving the command 
of the 116 men that were left upon Captain Brown. Two others 
were killed and seven wounded, making the loss of the day 24, 

The onward movement was resumed the next day, the Fourteenth 
Corps going to the front and the Twentieth following a few miles in 
the rear. One division of each was in the rear with the trains, 
while the others in light marching order followed the retiring Con- 
federates. Johnston made his stand some miles short of Benton- 
ville on the 10th, and the battle of that name was fought. He 
hoped to crush Slocum's forces in detail, and fell furiously upon 
the divisions of the Fourteenth Corps, but at the sound of the can- 
nonade those of the Twentieth hurried forward, lengthening and 
strengthening the Union line ; six assaults of the Confederates 
were repulsed and the Union line was established and intrenched. 
In this fight the Second was in the supporting lines, and though 
moved from point to point was not engaged and suffered no loss. 

On tlie 20th the other columns of Sherman's army came up, 
Johnston was forced from the offensive to the defensive, and on the 
21st there was some sharj) lighting at other parts of the lines. 
Early on the following morning a general advance was ordered, but 
the enemy had retired during the night. Once more the order was 
"Forward I" and on the 24th the column ])assed through Golds- 
l)oro with music playing and banners flying. A mile or two beyond, 
on the Wcldon railroad, the regiment halted, connections having 
been reached and the campaign being virtually ended. Canip was 
established, and its routine, even to drills was taken up. 

General Mower took command of the corps on the 3d of April, 
returning General Williams to the command of the division ; and a 
few days later, as the Second had a large number of officers, it was 
decided to send eight of them upon recruiting service, while the 
regiment was temporarily consolidated in two companies, under com- 



THE SECOND REGIMENT. 135 

mnnd of Captain Phalen. The news of the fall of Richmond was 
received on the 6th of April, and Sherman at once prepared to move 
in co-operation with the Army of the Potomac. The march began on 
the 10th, on the 13th the regiment camped at Raleigh, and the 
following day Johnston made overtures for a cessation of hostilities. 

With an occasional march into the surrounding country, a forag- 
ing expedition or a review, the time passed till the 29th, when the 
surrender of Johnston was announced, and the following day the 
march toward Washington began. On the 11th of May the regi- 
ment passed through Richmond, four years from the day its first 
camp was established in JMassachusetts. Of its original roster only 
four officers remained, and less than 100 of its 1,000 enlisted men. 

The march ended on the 19th at Cloud's Mills, three miles from 
Alexandria, when Lieutenant Colonel Morse, having sufficiently re- 
covered from his wound, returned to the command. On the 24th 
Sherman's army was reviewed in Washington, and the Second went 
into camp at Bladensburg ; on the 6th of June General Hawley 
bade farewell to the Brigade, and the next day the Twentieth Corps 
was broken up. The Second was now brigaded with the Fifth Con- 
necticut, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Forty- 
third New York, forming the Second Brigade in Bartlett's Division 
of the District of Washington. The regiment went into camp on 
Capitol Hill June 14, and a month later was mustered out of the 
national service, leaving for home on the following day. 

At New York it received a cordial greeting from General Hooker, 
under whom much of its service had been seen, and proceeded 
thence by steamer to Providence and by rail to Readville, where it 
remained in camp till the preparations for final payment and dis- 
charge were completed. During that time a large number of com- 
l)limontary promotions were issued by Governor Andrew, and on 
the 26tli of July, 1865, the organization was dissolved. 



THE THIRD REGIMENT. 



THE Third Regiment of Massachusetts Militia, though its head- 
quarters were at New Bedford, was one of the first to reach 
Boston when the call was made in April, 1861, arriving early 
in the forenoon of the 16th and being quartered in the hall over the 
Old Colony railroad station. Like the Fourth and Sixth, it was 
ready for departure at 6 o'clock that afternoon. The command 
consisted of but seven companies, with a total of 446 officers and 
men, the roster being as follows : — 

Colonel, David W. Wardrop of New Bedford ; lieutenant colonel, 
Charles Raymond of Plymouth; major, John H. Jennings; surgeon, 
Alexander iS. Holmes ; assistant surgeon, Johnson Clark ; adjutant, 
Austin S. Cusliman, all of New Bedford; quartermaster, Edward D. 
Allen of Fail-haven; sergeant major, Albert C. Maggi; quartermaster 
sergeant, Frederick S. Gilford, both of New Bedford. 

Company A, Halifax Light Infantry — Captain, Joseph S. Harlow 
of Middleboro; first lieutenant, Cephas Washburn, Jr., of Kingston; 
second lieutenant, Charles P. Lyon of Halifax. 

Company B, Standish Guard — Captain, Charles C. Doten ; first 
lieutenant," Otis Rogers, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Will- 
iam B. Alexander of I'oston. 

Company C, Cambridge City Guards — Captain, James P. Richard- 
son ; first lieutenant, Samuel E. Chamberlain; second lieutenant, 
Edwin F. Richardson. 

Company G, Assonet Light Infantry — Captain, John W. Marble; 
first lieutenant, Humphrey A. Francis; second lieutenant, John M. 
Dean, all of Freetown. 

Company H, Samoset Guards — Cai)tain. Lucien L. Perkins; first 
lieutenant, Oscar E. Washburn, both of Plympton; second lieutenant, 
Soutbworth Loring of Middleboro. 

Company K, Bay State Light Infantry — Captain, William S. McFar- 
lin of South Carver; first lieutenant, John Dunham of North Carver; 
second lieutenant, Francis L. Porter of New Bedford. 

Company L, New Bedford City Guards — Captain, Timothy Ingra- 
ham; first lieutenant, James Barton; second lieutenant, Austin S. 
Cushman. 



THE THIRD REGIMENT. 137 

The Third Regiment was destined for Fortress ^fonroe, and at 6 
o'clock in the afternoon of the 17th of April marched to the .State 
House, where it was equipped, and thence to the steamer at Central 
wharf, where it at once embarked, but remained at anchor in the 
harbor till noon of the 18th. It then sailed for Virginia, reaching 
its destination on the 20th, two hours after the arrival of the 
Fourth Regiment. Colonel Wardrop was at once directed to report 
to Commodoi-e Paulding, and was by that officer ordered with his 
command aboard the United States steamer Pawnee and sailed at 
5 o'clock for the Gosport Navy Yard, where the regiment landed 
late in the evening. About midnight Paulding informed Colonel 
Wardrop that the evacuation of the yard had been decided on, and 
though the latter protested earnestly, the measure was carried out. 
The regiment was detailed to assist in the destruction, most of the 
men re-embarking at 4 o'clock and dropping down the river till the 
firing detachments came off in small boats, after which the vessels 
made their way down through the obstructions and the Third 
landed at the Fortress late in the morning of the 21st. 

It was made a part of the garrison there on the 22d, and the day 
after was mustered into the United States service for three months 
in due form. Four companies enlisted for three years, which after- 
ward formed part of the Twenty -ninth Regiment, joined the 
Third during May — Company I, Captain Chamberlain of Lynn, and 
Company M, Captain Tyler of Boston, on the 14th; Company D, 
Cajitain Chipman of Sandwich, and Company E, Captain Doten of 
Plymouth, on tjie 22d, when General Butler took command of the 
Department of Virginia. On the 1st of July the regiment left the 
fort, crossed the creek and occupied the village of Hampton, in con- 
nection with the naval brigade and followed by the Fourth Regiment, 
all under the command of General E. W. Pierce. Some skirmish- 
ing ensued, but the enemy were soon driven from the vicinity by 
Union scouting parties. 

A threatening movement being made against the village on the 
4th by a strong party of the enemy, the regiment with some com- 
panies of the garrison and four pieces of artillery, under connnand 
of Colonel Wardrop, marched out two miles to the junction of the 
roads and formed line of battle during the night; but in the morn- 
ing it was found that the enemy had retired. A scouting party of 
35 from Company C, commanded by Lieutenant Chamberlain, fol- 



138 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

lowed the retiring foe to the vicinity of Yorktown, being absent 
five days and gaining much valuable information regarding the 
country and the enemy's position and strength. With this exception 
the regiment devoted itself to strengthening the fort and fortifying 
in the vicinity, various details taking part in unimportant expeditions 
by water, till the IGth of July, when by direction of General Butler 
preparation was made for the return to Massachusetts. Embarking 
on the steamer Cambridge on the afternoon of that day, the seven 
original companies returned to Boston, reaching there the 19th and 
four days later being mustered out of the national service. 

THE nine-months' TERM. 

The call for nine-months' troops in the summer of 1862 was met 
in part by the volunteering of the militia regiments of the state, 
among Avhich the Third promptly offered its services. It was 
ordered to Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville, where its ranks were 
filled to the required standard, though the regiment of ten com- 
panies and 1,000 men thus organized bore but little resemblance in 
its make-u]) to the one of the same name which responded to the 
first call. The companies began to gather at the rendezvous Sep- 
tember 16 ; they were all present on the 22d ; eight companies were 
mustered the day following and the remainder on the 26th. Orders 
were received on the 8th of October to prepare for departure to 
North Carolina, but it was some days before the men were supplied 
with overcoats. The field and staff were principally mustered on 
the 15tli, the roster following : — 

Colonel, Silas P. Richmond of Freetown; lieutenant colonel, James 
Barton of New Bedford; major, Jolm Morissey of Plymouth; surgeon, 
Alfred A. Stocker of Cambridge; assistant surgeon, Woodbridge li. 
Howes of Mattapoisett: adjutant, Lucien L. Perkins of Plympton; 
quartermaster, Bethuel Penniman, Jr., of New Bedford; chajilain, 
Charles A. Snow of Fall River; sergeant major, Edward L. Bobbins 
of Plymouth; quartermaster sergeant, Theodore A. Barton of New 
licdford; commissary sergeant, Arthur Hooper of Bridgevvater; hos- 
pital steward, Eugene Whittemore of Boston. 

Company A — Captain, John W. Marble of Freetown; first lieuten- 
ant, diaries P. Lyon; second lieutenant, Nathaniel Morton, both of 
Halifax. 

Comjiany B — Ca])tain, Thomas 15. Grif!ith of Carver; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles A. S. Perkins of Plymouth; second lieutenant, William 
S. Briggs of Middleboro. 



THE THIRD REGIMEXT. 139 

Company C, Fall River — Captain, Eliha Grant; first lieutenant, 
Benjamin A, Shaw; second lieutenant, Charles D. Copeland. 

Company D, Fall Kiver — Captain, Andrew W. Wright; first lieuten- 
ant. Thomas i\[cFarland; second lieutenant, George Reynolds, Jr. 

Com])any E — Captain, John A. llawes of Fairhaven; first lieuten- 
ant, William E. Mason; second lieutenant, James L. Sharjj, both of 
New Bedford. 

Company F, New Bedford — Captain, George R. Ilurlbut; first lieu- 
tenant, William H. Allen, 3d; second lieutenant, Jonathan W. Davis. 

Company G, New Bedford — Captain, William 8. Col)b; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry W\ Briggs; second lieutenant, James L. Wilbur. 

Company H — Captain, Otis A. Baker of Rehoboth; first lieutenant, 
Robert Grossman of Dighton; second lieutenant, Joseph Gibbs of 
Somerset. 

Comjjany I — Captain, Barnabas Ewer, Jr., of Fairhaven; first lieu- 
tenant, Solomon K. Eaton of Mattapoisett; second lieutenant, Jabez 
M. Lyle of Fairhaven. 

Company K — Captain, Samuel Bates of East Bridgewater; first 
lieutenant, Nathan Forbes of Bridgewater; second lieutenant, Charles 
E. Churchill of West Bridgewater. 

The command embarked on the steamers Merrimack and jMissis- 
sippi on the 22d of October, and sailed that evening, reaching Beau- 
fort the 26th, where they debarked and proceeded at once by rail to 
Newbern, going into camp on the banks of the Neuse a mile from the 
city. Three days later the regiment was equipped and armed with 
the Austrian rifled musket — a very poor weapon. Two companies 
were soon after detached for duty at New])ort Barracks, where they 
remained for more than a month and a picket station at Creek No. 
1 was maintained for three months by details of some 30 men from 
the Third. A month later Company I went to Plymouth, N. C, 
where it remained on garrison duty for over five months, during 
Avhich time it was engaged in the fight of December 10, losing one 
man killed, several wounded and 14 taken jirisoners. 

The regiment was assigned to Colonel Horace C. Lee's Brigade, 
the other regiments being the Fifth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-seventh 
and Forty-sixth ^Massachusetts. An attack of the Confederates on 
the pickets at Deep Gully on the 11th of November called the Third 
to arms, and they stood during the night in momentary anticipation 
of marching orders, which did not come. The first expedition in 
which the command took part was that toward Goldsboro, starting 
on the 11th of December, and occupying 11 days. . The regiment 
liad a share in the actions at Kinston and Whitehall, though not 



140 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

actively engaged, and at Goldsboro on the 17th assisted in tearing 
up the railroad track nndcr fire from the enemy, and later, as the 
main force was retiring, supported the artillery during the repulse 
of the Confederate attack. Though much exposed during the day 
the regiment escaped with a loss of but six wounded. 

Toward the close of December the Third were assigned to Gen- 
eral Heckman's Brigade of Nagiee's Division, Eighteenth Corps, 
but at an inspection held soon after their muskets were condemned. 
As they could not be replaced at that time, the regiment was un- 
able to participate in the expedition to South Carolina of which the 
brigade formed part. It was accordingly detached and assigned 
to Colonel Jourdan's Brigade, with which it remained till the close 
of its term. On the 26th of January, 1863, the regiment moved 
to Camp Jourdan, near Fort Totten, — a very unfavorable locality ; 
but as it was an important point in the defenses of Newborn the 
regiment by great exertion created a pleasant and healthful camp. 

The next active service of the Third Avas on the 6th of March, 
when with the division commanded by General Prince it went on a 
five-days' expedition into Jones and Onslow counties, during which 
the regiment won official thanks ior the faithful discharge of its 
duties. On the .14th an attack by the Confederates on the out- 
posts at Deep (tully called the Third to arms and they marched out 
four miles, when demonstrations against Newbern itself caused 
their return to camp, where they remained under arms till after- 
noon of the next day. They then joined Prince's Division on a 
reconnaissance to PoUocksville, returning at evening of the 16th. 
With the beginning of Ai)ril large daily details were made for work 
on the intrenchments, 150 men being furnished when the regiment 
was in camp, and this labor continued while they remained in 
North Carolina. 

Orders were received on the 5th of April to embark for the re- 
lief of Little AVashington, N. C, then besieged by a Confederate 
force, but it was not till evening of the 7th that tlie regiment was 
transported across the Neuse and next day joined a column under 
General Spinola intended for an overland diversion in favor of the 
garrison. A rapid march was made to Blount's Creek, where the 
enemy were found in some force, a skirmish ensued, and General 
Spinola's command retraced its steps, reaching Newbern on the 
evening of the 10th. A more efficient movement was made six 



THE TlllUD REGUIENT. 141 

days lator, when the rctrimcnt marched to Core Creek, remaining: 
in the vicinity six days and having- some slight skirmishes with tlic 
enemy, the result of the movement being to cause a raising of the 
siege of Washington. In consecjuonce of a disaster to the Eighty- 
fifth Pennsylvania, in which its colonel, Jones, was killed, the 
Third Avere ordered in the evening of the 23d to march to the 
vicinity of Batchelder's Creek, which was done, the command lying 
in line of battle during the night; but it was found next morning 
that the enemy had retreated and the regiment returned to New- 
hern, the march l)cing very severe on account of heat and dust. 

No further expeditions of importance were undertaken, and after 
a period of picket duty the Third were ordered home to Massachu- 
setts, their time having expired. Taking transports on the lllli of 
June, they reached Boston on the 16th, and after a very flattering 
reception took cars for Cam]) Joe Hooker ; but before reaching it 
the men were fui'loughcd with orders to report on the 22d. They 
did so, and after remaining in camp four days were mustered out- 
on the 2Gtli by Captain J. K. Lawrence of the regular army. 



THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fourth Regiment, Massachusetts Militia, had the honor of 
being the first organization to leave Boston in response to the 
call of April 14, 1861, for troops for the national defense. Its 
head-quarters were at Quincy, the home of Colonel Packard, but the 
companies were scattered through a considerable region, and the 
individual members were still further dispersed ; yet before sunset 
of the IGth the command was in Boston, with its head-quarters in 
Faneuil Hall, and ready for any duty which might be required. 
It was not till the following afternoon, however, that transpor 
tation and preliminaries had been arranged, when at 3 o'clock the 
Fourth marched to the State House, where they heard a few thrill- 
ing words from Governor Andrew, to which Colonel Packard made 
response, after which the regiment marched to the Old Colony rail- 
road depot and took cars for Fall River, en route to Fortress Mon- 
roe. The command consisted of nine companies, with a total of 
635 officers and men, this being the roster : — 

Colonel, Abner B. Packard of Quincy; lieutenant colonel, Hawkes 
Fearing, Jr., of Hinghain; major, Horace 0. Wliittemore of Boston; 
surgeon, Henry M. Saville; assistant surgeon, William L. Faxon; ad- 
jutant, Henry Walker, all of (^)uincy: quartermaster, William W. Car- 
ruth of Boston; sergeant major, Alvin E. Hall of Foxboro; (juarter- 
master sergeant, George W. Barnes of Plymouth; drum major, George 
W. Pope of Quincy. 

Company A, Union Light Guards — Captain, Ira Drake of Stougli- 
ton; first lieutenant, Henry IJ. Morse; second lieutenant, John Mc- 
Kay, Jr., both of Canton. 

Company B — Captain Milo M. Williams, Jr.; first lieutenant, Lin- 
ton Waldron; second lieutenant, William E. Bump, Jr., all of Easton. 
(Companies B, C, D, E and G were known as the '* Light Infantry" 
of their respective towns.) 

Company C — Captain. Cephas C. Bumpus; first lieutenant, James 
T. Stevens; second lieutenant, Isaac P. Fuller, all of Braintree. 

Company D — Captain. Horace Kiles; first lieutenant, Otis S. Wil- 
bur; second lieutenant, Hiram F. Wales, all of Randolph. • 



THE Forirni regiment. 143 

Company E — Captain, Charles F. Allen ; first lieutenant, Lewis 
Soule; second lieutenant, John W. Mitchell, all of South Abington. 

Company F, Warren Light Guards — Captain, David L. Shepard; 
first lieutenant, Moses A. Richardson; second lieutenant, Carlos A. 
Hart, all of Foxboro. 

Company G — Ca])tain, Timothy Gordon; first lieutenant, Zaccheus 
Sherman; second lieutenant, Frederick A. Harrington, all of Taunton. 

Company II, Hancock Light Guards — Captain, Franklin Curtis; 
first lieutenant, Edward A. Spear; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. 
Messervy, all of Quincy. 

Company I, Lincoln Light Guards — Captain, Luther Stephenson, 
Jr., first lieutenant, Charles Sprague; second lieutenant, Nathaniel 
French, Jr., all of Hingham. 

At Fall River the regiment went aboard the steamer State of 
Maine, by which it was landed at New York on the attcrnoon of the 
18tli. There the Fourth remained for 24 hours while the steamer 
prepared for its ocean voyage, setting out on the afternoon of the 
19th and reaching the vicinity of the Fortress early the following 
morning. At sunrise the unfurling of the Stars and Stripes above 
the stronghold dispelled the fears which had been entertained as to 
its safetv, and as soon as practicable the command landed amid the 
cheers of the small garrison, being the first loyal regiment to i)lace 
foot upon ground claimed by any seceding state, — Virginia having 
adopted an ordinance of secession three days before. 

At once the labors of the regiment began. The Fortress was 
almost defenseless on the land side — from which danger now threat- 
ened it ; — there were heavy guns to mount, vessels to unload and 
many routine duties to perform. The command was mustered into 
the United States service on the 22d, and for more than a month 
remained in the fort. General Butler took command of the De- 
partment of Virginia about the middle of May, and on the 27th the 
Fourth with the First Vermont and the Tenth Ne\v York Regiments 
were sent to Xewport News, some 12 miles distant, to form an in- 
trenched camp, kno\vn as Camp Butler. From that time till their 
return to Massachusetts the Fourth were engaged almost constantly 
in fortifying the position thus taken. 

Five companies of the regiment as volunteers took part in the 
expedition against Big Bethel, setting out on the night of the 9th 
of June, soon after midnight, under command of Major Whitte- 
more. The encounter which occurred between two regiments of 
the command at davlidit, when each mistook the other for the 



144 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

enemy, was stopped by Major Whittemore, who rode out in front of 
his line and discovered the true situation. The disorder having 
heen rectified, the movement continued, and the Massachusetts de- 
tachment with a like detail from the A'ermont regiment were ordered 
to turn the enemy's left, and under a heavy fire had 'nearly gained 
the hostile works in their front when a retreat was ordered and on 
the part of the right wing reluctantly obeyed, the Fourth having 
suffered the loss of one mortally and one or two" slightly wounded. 
On the return to Newport News, Major Whittemore's command 
formed the rear guard, and its conduct throughout, in the first bat- 
tle in which Massachusetts troops had part, was exemplary. 

Camp Butler was quitted on the 3d of July, and the regiment 
took quarters in the village of Hampton, then practically deserted, 
save by the negroes. There it remained in quiet till the 11th, when 
it marched over to Fortress Monroe to prepare for the return to 
Massachusetts. On the loth it took passage for Boston on the 
steamer S. R. Spaulding, reaching its destination on the 18th. Land- 
ing on Long Island in the harbor, the command remained there till 
the 22d, when, just three months after its muster in, it was honor- 
ably dismissed. 

THE nine-months' TERM. 

Under the call for nine -months' troops in August, 1862, the 
Fourth with the other militia regiments of the state volunteered for 
duty, and was ordered to Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville to fill its 
ranks to the required standard. Company B was mustered on the 
1st of September, H on the 19th, E on the 26th, and the other 
companies on the 23d, though some additions were made later. 
The field officers and part of the staff were not mustered till the 
16th of December. Some of the companies were nominally the 
same which had gone out in 1861, but very few names re-appeared 
in the roster of officers or men. The field, staff and line were 
made up as follows : — 

Colonel, Henry Walker of Quincy; lieutenant colonel, Eben T. 
Colby of Lawrence; major, Charles F. Howard of Foxboro; surgeon, 
James Waldock of Koxbury: assistant surgeons, Edward W. ^Norton 
of Blandford and Jose])li F. Gould of South lioston ; adjutant, 
Augustus Crocker; quartermaster, Thomas J. Lothrop, both of 
Taunton; cha])lain, Samuel E. Fierce of Gloucester; sergeant major, 
Franklin Jacobs of Canton; quartermaster sergeant, Edwin Barrows 



THE FOURTH liEGIMENT. 145 

of Norton ; commissary sergeiint, Lebaron Goodwin of Duxlniry ; 
hospital steward, Charles W. IIowLmd of Abiiigton; principal mu- 
sician, Nelson Mann of l{andol])h. 

Company A — Captain, John Hall of Canton; lirst lieutenant, Ira 
Drake of Stoughton; second lieutenant, Henry IT. Morse of Canton. 

Company B, Lawrence — Cajitain, George S. Merrill; first lieuten- 
ant, John K. Tarbox; second lieutenant, Albert F. Dow. 

Company C — Captain, Seneca R. Thomas; first lieutenant, Daniel 
F. Wood, both of Middleboro; second lieutenant, James M. Sampson 
of Lakeville. 

Comj)any D, Randolph — Captain, Hiram C. Alden; first lieutenant, 
Myron W. Hollis; second lieutenant, Edmund Cottle. 

Company E — Captain, Lewis Soulc; first lieutenant, Henry Hum- 
ble; second lieutenant, John Maloy, all of Abington. 

Coini)any F — Ca])tain, William R. Black of Taunton; first lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin H. Richmond of Norton; second lieutenant, Isaac H. 
Bonney of Foxboro. 

Company G, Taiinton — Captain, Charles H. Paull; first lieutenant, 
AVilliam J. Briggs; second lieutenant, William H. Monroe. 

Company II, Lawrence — Captain, John R. Rollins; first lieuten- 
ant, James G. Abbott; second lieutenant, Hiram Robinson. 

Comjiany I — Captain, Henry B. ]\Iaglathlin of Duxbury; first lieu- 
tenant, Horatio C. Sampson of Pembroke; second lieutenant, "William 
F. Holmes of Kingston, 

Company K, Taunton — Captain, William H. Bartlett ; first lieu- 
tenant, Joiin H. Church; second lieutenant, Philander Williams. 

The regiment did not leave camp till the 27th of December, when 
it went to New York and embarked for Louisiana, about 700 find- 
ing passage on the ship Cxeorge Pcabody and the balance on another 
sailing vessel. Leaving the harbor January 3, 18G3, the main body 
reached New Orleans February 7 and landed at Carrollton on the 
13th, after 47 days on board ship, the rest of the regiment ari-iving 
at about the same time. It was attached to the First Brigade, 
Third Division, Nineteenth Corps, the division being commanded 
by General Emory and the brigade by Colonel Ingraham of the 
Thirty-eighth Massachusetts. The other regiments of the brigade 
were the Sixteenth New Hampshire, One Hundred and Tenth and 
One Hundred and Sixty-second New York. 

Going to Baton Rouge on the 7th of March when General 
Emory's division was transferred to that side of the river to take 
])ait in the expedition against Port Hudson, co-operating with the 
attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the batteries on the water 
front of the town, the regiment left that place on the 13th, being 
absent nearly a week. Remaining in camp till the 3d of April, 



UV, MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the Fourth then went down the river to Algiers, and five days later 
to Brashear City, remaining with the Sixteenth New Hampshire at 
that place as a guard to the depot of supplies while General Banks 
was engaged with the bulk of his available force in an expedition 
through the Teche country to Alexandria. 

In contemplation of the attack on the enemy at Fort Bisland, the 
regiment was ordered to the front late in the afternoon of the 11th, 
marching ten miles that night and next morning taking position 
in the lines. It had a part in the skirmishing of the two days 
which followed, and at night of the 13th was placed in the extreme 
front, with orders to hold through the night what had been gained 
during the day. Next morning it was found that the enemy had 
evacuated the fort, retreating in the direction of Opelousas, and 
the regiment joined in the pursuit as far as Franklin, but as the foe 
could not be overtaken Colonel Walker's command was ordered 
back to Brashear City. There it remained till the 30th of May. 
Ten days previous Captain Merrill with 50 men of Company B was 
detailed as guard to the steamer Louisiana Belle in an expedition 
up the Bayou Cortableu to near Washington for a quantity of cot- 
ton. The cargo was secured, but on the return trip the vessel was 
fired upon by guerrillas concealed on the shore at an especially 
difficult portion of the route, the first volley wounding ten of the 
guard and killing the captain of the boat; but the ability of Cap- 
tain Merrill and the bravery of his men brought the vessel through 
without further loss! 

The regiment left Brashear on the 30th, reporting to General 
Banks before Port Hudson, and at once took part in the investment 
of that stronghold, doing duty in the trenches and otherwise as re- 
quired till the assault of the 14th of June, in which it had an 
honorable part. Companies A and K were detailed on this occa- 
sion to carry hand-grenades in advance of the assaulting line, doing 
valiant though fruitless service and suffering severely, Captain 
Bartlett of Company K being killed while attemjjting to scale the 
hostile ramparts. The loss of the regiment during the day was 
seven killed and 61 wounded, several mortally, most of the loss 
being from the two detailed companies. 

After the surrender this was one of the regiments selected to 
occupy and garrison the works, remaining there until the 4th of 
Au<2:ust. In common with some of the other nine -months' regi- 



% THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 147 

ments, there was some misunderstanding regarding the expiration 
of its term, and at one time a portion of the command refused to 
do duty and were arrested^ being released after an understanding 
was reached. During their service the Fourth suffered severely 
from siclcness, 118 dying from disease, including Second Lieuten- 
ants William F. Holmes, on the 3d of June at Brashear City, and 
Isaac H. Bonney, on the 23d of August at Indianapolis, Ind. 

The regiment started for home on the 4th of August, going by 
steamer North America to Cairo, 111., and thence by rail, reaching 
Boston on the 17th. The men, having been furloughed for ten 
days, re-assemb.led at Lakevillc and were mustered out on the 28th. 



THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifth Regiment of Militia wns not among the few re- 
ceiving the first call to arms when the national flag was 
fired upon at Sumter. At a meeting held on the loth of 
April, 1861, the services of the command were formally tendered 
to the governor, and on the 17th, when the first contingent of 
Massachusetts soldiers set out for the fi'ont, it was ordered to 
hold itself in readiness; but it was not till the 19th, when the 
streets of Baltimore were consecrated by the blood of the martyrs 
of the Sixth, that the orders to report for duty were received. 
The regiment repaired to Jjoston, and made its head -quarters 
at Faneiiil Hall till the morning of the 21st, Avhen its com})le- 
ment of ten companies having been completed by the addition of 
one from the First Regiment and four from the Seventh, it set out 
for Washington, being made up and officered as follows : — 

Colonel, Samuel 0. Lawrence of Medford; lieutenant colonel, J. 
Durell Greene of Cambridge; major, Hamlin W. Keyes of Boston; 
surgeon, Samuel H. Hurd of Charlestown; assistant surgeon, Henry 
H. Mitchell of East Bridgewater; cliai^lain, Benjamin F. De Costa of 
Ciiarlestowu ; adjutant, Thomas 0. Barri of Cambridge ; quiirter- 
master, Joseph E. Billings of Boston: paymaster, George F. Hodges 
of Roxbury; sergeant major, Henry A. Quincy; ((uartcrmaster ser- 
geant, Samuel C. Hunt, both of Charlestown; hospital steward, Nathan 
P. Parker of Reading; drum major, Charles l^'oster of Charlestown. 

Company A, Mechanic Light Lifantry of Salem — Captain, George 
II. Peirson; first lieutenant, Edward H. Staten; second lieutenant, 
Lewis E. Wentworth. 

Company B, Richardson Light Guard of South Reading — Ca])tain, 
John W. Locke; first lieutenant, Charles H. Shepard; second lieuten- 
ant, James D. Draper. 

Company C, Charlestown Artillery — Captain, William R. Swan of 
Chelsea; first lieutenant, Phineas 11. Tibbetts of Charlestown; second 
lieutenant, John W. Rose of Boston; third lieutenant, IIannil)al D. 
Norton of Chelsea; fourth lieutenant, George H. Marden, Jr., of 
Charlestown. 



THE FIFTU BEGHIENT. 149 

Company D, Light Infantry, Haverhill — Captain, Carlos P. Cesser; 
first lieutenant, George J. Dean; second lieutenant, Daniel F. Smith; 
third lieutenant, Charles II. P. Palmer; fourth lieutenant, lliomas F. 
Salter. 

Company E, Lawrence Light Guard, Medford — Captain, John 
Hutchins ; first lieutenant, John G. Chambers ; second lieutenant, 
Perry Colman; third lieutenant, William 11, Pattee of West Cam- 
bridge. 

Company F, Wardwell Tigers — Captain, David K. Wardwell; first 
lieutenant, Jacob H. Sleeper both of Boston ; second lieutenant, 
George G. Stoddard; third lieutenant, Horace P. AV'illiams, both of 
Brookline; fourth lieutenant, Horatio N. Holbrook of Boston. 

Company G, Concord Artillery — Captain, George L. Prescott; first 
lieutenant, Joseph Derby, Jr.; second lieutenant, Humphrey H. But- 
trick; third lieutcniint, Charles Bowers, 

Company H, City Guards, Salem — Captain, Henry F, Danforth of 
Salem; first lieutenant, Kirk Stark; second lieutenant, William F. 
Sumner; third lieutenant, George H. Wiley; fourth lieutenant, John 
E. Stone, all of South Danvers, 

Company I, Light Infantry, Somerville — Captain, George 0. Bras- 
tow; first lieutenant, William E. Robinson; second lieutenant, Frederic 
R. Kinsley. 

Company K, City Guards, Charlestown — Captain, John T. Boyd; 
first lieutenant, John B. Norton ; second lieutenant, Caleb Drew; third 
lieutenant, Walter Everett. 

Reaching Xew York on the evening of the 21st, the regiment 
went on board the steamers De Soto and Ariel, with Cook's Battery 
and Dcvcns's Battalion of Riflemen, landing at Annapolis on the 
morning of the 24th, The day following it started for "Washington, 
four companies going by rail and the others marching to Annapolis 
Junction. The national capital was reached on the 26th, and quar- 
ters were provided for the coniniand in the treasury building. It 
was mustered into the United States service on the 1st of May, and 
for a month remained in the city perfecting itself in drill. On the 
2oth it was ordered across the Potomac, crossing Long Bridge at 
midnight and ■encamping on Virginia soil not far from Alexandria. 
The camp was formed near Shuter'sHill and named Camp Andrew, 
in honor of the governor of Massachusetts, the regiment then for 
the first time receiving a national flag. 

Lieutenant Colonel Greene, Major Keyes and Adjutant Barri 
left the regiment on the 2otli of June, having been transferi-ed to 
the regular army, and the vacancies were filled by commission a few 
days later. Captain Peirson became lieutenant colonel, Ca[)tain 



150 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Boyd major, and Lieutenant Chambers adjutant. With the excep- 
tion of a review by President Lincohi on the 14th of June, nothing 
of note occurred to the Fifth till the active preparations for the bat- 
tle of Bull Run began to be made, just as its term of service Avas 
about expiring. At that time the regiment formed a part of the 
First Brigade, Third Division, General McDowell's army. Colonel 
Ilcintzelman commanded the division and Colonel "W. B. Frank- 
lin the brigade, which in addition to the Fifth comprised the 
Eleventh Massachusetts, Fourth Pennsylvania and First Minnesota 
Regiments and Ricketts's Battery I, First United States Artillery. 
The other brigades of the division were commanded by Colonels 
0. B. Willcox and 0. 0. Howard. 

The order to pack and store surplus baggage and personal prop- 
erty came on the 13th of July, and on the 16th the regiment broke 
camp, marched over Shuter Hill and toward Centerville. Sang- 
stcr's Station on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad Avas reached 
during the afternoon of the 17th, and in that vicinity the regiment 
rested till the night of the 20th, Avith no further excitement than 
an occasional exchange of shots with Confederate skirmishers. 
Some time after midnight the line of march Avas resumed toward 
the battle-field. Tlie battle was Avell begun Avhen the brigade came 
up, so that it went at once into action. The battery for some time 
maintained a long range fire, supported by the infantry, but was 
then ordered to an advanced position, Avhere it Avas swept by such 
a severe infantry fire that the six guns had to be abandoned. 
Repeated efforts to recapture them Avere made, but the guns 
could not be brought off, and presently the Union lines broke to 
the rear in confusion which for a large part of the troops soon be- 
came a rout. 

The Fifth had suffered considerable loss, having had nine killed, 
including the color sergeant ; tAvo Avounded, one of Avhom Avas 
Colonel Lawrence, Avhile 22 Avere made prisoners. The latter were 
especially unfortunate, being confined in rebel prisons and only 
securing exchange more than ten months later — in June, 1862. 
The regiment retreated to Centerville and thence on to Washington, 
where, as its time of service had expired, it prepared for an im- 
mediate return to Massachusetts. Reaching Boston a few days 
later, it Avas enthusiastically Avelcomed, and on the 29th of July 
Av;;s mustered out of the United States service. 



THE FIFTH REGIMENT. IJl 

THE nine-months' TERM. 

On the 14th of August, 1862, the call for troops for nine-months' 
service having been made, the officers of the Fifth voted to tender the 
services of the regiment for that term. The offer was gladly accepted 
by the governor, and the command was ordered filled to the max- 
imum. Only five companies of the old regiment appeared in the 
new organization, however, and A, C, E, G, and K were recruited 
and attached to the command. Five of the companies reported at 
Camp Lander, Wenham, on the 10th of September, 1862, and the 
last arrived the 20th. The first companies were mustered on the 
16th, and the last on the 8th of October, Avhen the field and staff 
were also included, the roster of officers being as follows : — 

Colonel, George II. Peirson of Salem; lieutenant colonel, John T. 
Boyd of Cliarlestown; major, William E. C. Worcester of Marlboro; 
surgeon, William Ingalls of Winciiester; assistant surgeon, Dixi C. 
Iloyt of Milford; chaplain, William F. Snow of Somerville; adjutant, 
William T. Eustis, 3cl, of Cliarlestown ; quartermaster, George A. 
Norton of Boston; sergeant major, James M. Sliute, Jr., of Somer- 
ville; quartermaster sergeant, William H. Burbank of Medford; com- 
missary sergeant, Enocli J. Clark of Cliarlestown; hospital steward, 
John M. Foster of Salem. 

Company A, Charlestown — Captain, James F. Green; first lieuten- 
ant, John McGrath; second lieutenant, James W. Dillon. 

Company B, Somerville — Captain Benjamin ¥. Parker ; first lieu- 
tenant, Walter C. Bailey; second lieutenant, John Harrington. 

Company C, South Danvers — Captain, Kobert S. Daniels; first lieu- 
tenant, George F. Barnes; second lieutenant, William L. Thompson. 

Company D, Charlestown — Captain, Thomas F. Howard; first lieu- 
tenant, George H. Harden, Jr.; second lieutenant, Charles P. Whittle. 

Company E — Captain, John Kent; first lieutenant, George Myrick, 
both of Boston; second lieutenant, Andrew J. Holbrookof Cambndge. 

Company F, Medford — Captain, Charles Currier; first lieutenant, 
Alfred Haskell; second lieutenant, Elisha N. Pierce. 

Company G, Woburn — Captain, William T. Gramnier; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles S. Converse; second lieutenant, William A. Colegate. 

Coini)auy H, Charlestown — Ca])tain, Ca'leb Drew; first lieutenant, 
Walter Everett; second lieutenant, Daniel W. Davis. 

Company I — Ca]itain. Charles B. Newton; first lieutenant, Andrew A. 
Powers, Ijothof Bolton; second lieutenant, William S.Frost of Marlboro. 

Company K — Captain, Jose]ih Crafts of Watertown; first lieuten- 
ant, Florence C. Crowley of Waltham; second lieutenant, Ira J. 
Osborne of Watertown. 

Orders were received on the 3d of October for the regiment to 
prepare for active service in the department of North Carolina, 



152 ^fASSACHUSETTS JX THE WAR. 

under General Foster ; but it was not till the 21st that the horses 
and basTgao'C were sent forward to Boston for shij)mcnt, the regiment 
following the next day and after a parade through the streets going 
on board the steamer Mississippi for the voyage by sea. This was 
without incident, Beaufort being reached on the 20th and the regi- 
ment debarking at the Morehead City wharf the following day, 
whence cars were taken to Newbern. The Fifth went into camp in 
tents already pitched for them by the Twenty-fifth Regiment, and 
became a part of Colonel Horace C. Lee's Brigade. 

Orders were received on the 29th for the regiment to take part in 
an expedition into the interior ; its arms and equipments were 
brought up from Morehead City, where they had been left, and the 
command was ready to take its place in the column on the morning 
of the 30th. Embarking on transports, the regiment went to 
Washington, N. C, which was reached the 31st, and there it waited, 
till the 2d of November for the arrival of that portion of the ex- 
pedition which came overland. The column then, under the com- 
mand of General Foster in person, took up the march toward Will- 
iamston, encountering muddy roads and stormy weather, but meet- 
ing with no serious opposition from the enemy, the regiment reoc- 
cupying its camp at Newbern on the 13th after marching 160 miles. 

The brigade Avas reorganized on the 22d of November to consist 
of the Fifth, Twenty-seventh and Forty sixth Massachusetts and 
Ninth New Jersey Regiments, the latter being exchanged late in 
December for the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts, — Colonel Lee continu- 
ing in command. After four weeks of diligent drill and camp 
duty the regiment again heard the orders to prepare for a march, 
and on the morning of December 10 fell in as a part of the " Golds- 
boro expedition." The regiment formed the left of the column, 
where as guard of the wagon train its duty was very trying, the 
roads being in horrible condition. On the 14th, during the battle 
of Kinston, the regiment was divided into several detachments of 
from one to three companies each, guarding the a])proachcs to the 
trains by the several roads, and various skirmishes were had with 
the Confederate cavalry, in all of which the latter were repulsed. 

Rejoining the main column next morning the regiment marched 
23 miles, halting within four miles of Whitehall, where next day 
an engagement was fought. Lee's J3rigade was af first in reserve, 
but later in the fight was moved to the front, where the Fifth had 



THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 168 

three men wounded. Continuinf^- the march after the affair ended, 
the regiment bivouacked within some eiglit miles of (ioldsboro, 
rested for the ni,i>-ht and early the followini>' morning was again on. 
the road, the brigade leading the cohunn. The railroad was reached 
about noon, and the bridge across the Neuse River was soon de- 
stroyed, as were the railroad track and the telegraph wires. Com- 
pany D was on the skirmish line during the work of destruction, 
while Company H served as guard for the working parties. 

The object of the expedition being accomplished in the burning 
of the bridge, the column began its retreat, Lee's Brigade forming the 
rear guard. After the other troops were well off the tield, the Con- 
federates, having received reinforcements, made a sharj) attack upon 
Colonel Lee's command. The Fifth were placed in support of 13el- 
ger's Battery, losing five men wounded, and forming the rear guard 
of the column as it finally left the field. Camp was reached on the 
21st, the regiment having marched about 180 miles during its 
absence and taken part in three engagements, the names of which 
were ordered inscribed on its banners. 

The regiment was directed on the 21st of January, 1863, to fortify 
its camp, and large details worked daily for two weeks in the con- 
struction of a magnilicent earth-work which received the name of 
Fort Feirson, in compliment to Colonel Peirson, under whose direc- 
tion it had been constructed. On the 21st of February C()m])any 
Cr was detailed as garrison for Forts Ilatteras and Clark at Hattcras 
Inlet, Avhere it remained till the return of the regiment to Massa- 
chusetts ; Company D was at the same time ordered to Plymouth 
for garrison duty, from which it returned May 4. 

The appearance of the enemy in considerable force at Deep Gully, 
eight miles from Newbern, on the 13th of March called out Lee's 
Brigade with two batteries, the whole under command of General 
Palmer. The force marched some seven miles after dusk, l)ivouack- 
ing without fires and resuming the movement next morning. k>kir- 
mishing had just commenced when intelligence was received that 
the real attack was being delivered against Newbern itself, and the 
column with the exception of a regiment or two was ordered back. 
Returning to camp, the Fifth remained under arms till the enemy 
retired on the evening of the loth. 

Another period of inaction then followed, lasting till the 4th of 
April, when the regiment was ordered on board transixji'l:;, with 



154 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

other commands destined for the relief of General Foster, who with 
a very small force was besieged at Little AVashington. On reaching 
HilTs Point on the Pamlico River, a few miles short of their desti- 
nation, the expedition found the Confederate intrenchments so 
strong that they were obliged to retire, the Fifth returning to their 
camp at Newbern on the morning of the 7th. The next day the 
regiment joined an expedition overland with the same destination, 
under command of General Spinola; but on the afternoon of the 
9th, at Blount's Creek, 21 miles from Newbern, the enemy was 
found strongly intrenched, with such perfect command of all pos- 
sible approaches that this expedition likewise faced about and on 
the night of the 10th re-entered the camps at Newbern. 

A garrison flag was raised over Fort Peirson on the 16th, the oc- 
casion being made a holiday by the regiment, and next morning 
the expedition overland again set out for Washington. This time 
the fortifications at Blount's Creek were found to be deserted, and 
as the Federal column advanced the foe retired, falling back to 
Greenville. The reinforcements entered Washington the 20th, Com- 
pany B of the Fifth being detailed to picket the Greenville road. 
The stay at Washington was brief, however, for the regiment em- 
barked on the steamer Escort the 22d and that evening was again 
sheltered within the works of Fort Peirson. Another expedition, 
of which the Fifth formed a part, set out toward Kinston on the 
27th, under command of General Palmer. Going to Baclielder's 
Creek by cars, the command marched 12 miles further that night, 
halting at Core Creek, where the Fifth remained for two days jjicket- 
ing the roads in the vicinity. Colonel Peirson was then ordered to 
reconnoiter the enemy's position at Moscly Creek, started on the 
morning of the 30th with his regiment, and had marched ten miles 
when his skirmishers encountered and drove in the Confederate out- 
posts. The hostile intrenchments Avere found to be located in a 
strong position in Gum Swamp, and after satisfying himself that 
the works were well manned he returned to the rendezvous, having 
marched 24 miles over very bad roads and conducted a successful 
reconnaissance, for which he received the thanks of the general 
commanding. 

Tlie cx])edition returned to Newbern by rail the following day, 
and three weeks later the brigade, accompanied by three pieces of 
nrtilleiy and three companies of cavalry, all under command of 



THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 155 

General Palmer, set out fur the capture of the works which Colonel 
Peh'son had located. The enterprise Avas highly successful. At 
Core Creek the coninuind was divided, the Fifth, Twenty-fifth and 
Forty -sixth Regiments moving directly toward the hostile posi- 
tion, while the Twenty-seventh with the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania 
took a circuitous route to gain the rear of the works. Finding 
themselves attacked in front and rear the Confederates fled, leav- 
ing 200 prisoners, 500 stands of arms and all the camp eciuipage 
and belongings. After leveling the fortifications the column started 
on its return, when it was fired on by reinforcements from Kins- 
ton ; but the latter were driven back by the Federal artillery, and 
though followed at a respectful distance by the enemy, the regi- 
ment reached Core Creek at half-past 10 that night — the 23d of 
May — returning to Ncwbern next day. 

Thus creditably ended the last expedition in which the Fifth had 
a share, various details and duties occupying its attention there- 
after till its term of service expired. Orders were received on 
the 20th of Juno to set out for Boston two days later, and early in 
the morning of the 22d the command, after inspection, received a 
very flattering farewell address by the brigade commander. Colonel 
Lee, when it proceeded by cars and transport to Morehead City, 
where it embarked on the steamer Guide for Boston. 

Reaching the Harbor late in the afternoon of the 25th, the sol- 
diers remained aboard the transport during the night, debarking at 
Battery Wharf the following day and receiving an enthusiastic re- 
ception both in Boston and Charlestown, after which the companies 
were dismissed to their several towns. On the 1st of July the regi- 
ment mustered again at Camp Lander, and on the following day was 
released from the United States service by Lieutenant McKibben. 

THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. 

With other militia regiments of the state, the Fifth responded at 
once to the call to take the field for 100 days in the autumn of 1864. 
During the year that had passed from the time of its return from 
North Carolina many changes had occurred in the make-up of the 
command. Colonel Peirson being the only officer retaining the rank 
of a year before, and several of the companies were entirely differ- 
ent, though the spirit was the same. The comi)anies were mustered 
in on various dates from the IGth to the 27th of July, th(^ Held and 



156 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

staff on the 28th, and the same day camp was broken and the regi- 
ment started for Washington, 938 strong, officered thus : — 

Colonel, George H. Peirson of Salem ; lieutenant colonel, William 
E. C.Worcester of Marlboro; major, William T. Grammerof Woburn; 
surgeon, Joshua B. Tread well; assistant surgeon, George H. Jones, 
botli of Boston; adjutant, Edwin F. Wyer of Woburn; quartermas- 
ter, Charles Currier of Medford ; sergeant major, William H, Hurd 
of Stoneham; quartermaster sergeant, Daniel W. Lawrence of Med- 
ford; commissary sergeant, Thomas T. Ferguson of Woburn; hospital 
steward, M. Augustus Fuller of Boston. 

Comi)any A — Captain George H. Homer; first lieutenant, Charles 
L. Craibe. Jr., both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward P. Jackson 
of Lowell. 

Company B, Somerville — Captain John N. Coffin; first lieutenant, 
Charles T. Robinson; second lieutenant, Granville W. Daniels. 

Company C — Captain, George F. l^arnes of South Danvcrs ; first 
lieut.nant, William L. Thompson of Lawrence ; second lieutenant, 
Benjamin F. Southwick of South Danvers, 

Company D, Charlestown — Captain, George H. Marden, Jr.; first 
lieutenant, Charles P. Whittle; second lieutenant, George W. Kilham. 

Company E, Marlboro — Captain, David L. Brown; first lieutenant, 
George L. Crosby; second lieutenant, William B. Eice. 

Company F, Boston — Captain, Philip J. Cootey ; first lieutenant, 
William C. GofE; second lieutenant, Walter S. Fowler. 

Company G, Woburn — Captain, Charles S. Converse; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles E. Fuller; second lieutenant, Montrcssor Seeley. 

Company H, Charlestown — Captain, Daniel W. Davis; first lieuten- 
ant, William Spaulding; second lieutenant, Andrew J. Bailey. 

Company I — Captain, Andrew A. Powers .of Bolton; first lieuten- 
ant, William S. Frost; second lieutenant, Luther H. Farnsworth, both 
of IMarlljoro. 

Company K, Stoneham — Captain, Francis M. Sweetser; first lieu- 
tenant, Marshall P. Sweetser; second lieutenant, Moses Downs, Jr. 

On reaching Baltimore the regiment went into camp four miles 
from the city, but was soon ordered to Fort IMcHenry, then under 
command of (Jencral Morris. Later Colonel Peirson with three of 
the companies for a garrison took command of Fort Marshall, and 
a. detachment under Lieutenant Colonel Worcester was posted at 
Federal Ilill in Baltimore. Other companies and detachments were 
on duty at various points, and during the autumn elections most of 
the regiment was distributed at such places in Eastern IVIaryland as 
feared trouble at the polls. On the 1st of November the command 
prepared to return to Massachusetts. Boston was reached on the 
7th, and tlu; muster-out took ])lace at Readville on the ItUh. 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 



THE Sixth Regiment of Militia became by the force of circum- 
stances the most famous organization called to the defense of 
the national government. The first, it is believed, to offer its 
services in case of their need, and prompt in response when the call 
came, it was the first to shed its blood and give of its lives, and it was 
the first command armed and equipped for active service to reach 
the national ca))ital when that city was cut oft" from communica- 
tion with the loyal nation and surrounded by enemies of the gov- 
ernment. 

At a meeting of its officers at Lowell January 21, 18G1, a reso- 
lution was unanimously adopted tendering the services of the com- 
mand to the governor if they sliould be needed, and on the loth of 
April following the demand came. The members of the Sixth 
were scattered in four counties, yet such was the energy displayed 
that most of them Avere at head-quarters at Lowell early the follow- 
ing morning, and the others were but a few hours behind. During 
Ihc IGth the eight companies constituting the original regiment 
went to Boston by rail ; they were enthusiastically received and 
escorteil to Fancuil and Boylston Halls where they remained that 
night. (Joing to the State House next day they exchanged their 
old style muskets for the rified and were presented with a stand of 
colors by Governor Andrew. Companies from Worcester, Stone- 
ham and Boston were attached to the command, the organization 
and the roster of office is being as follows : — 

Colonel, Edward F. Jones of Pepperell ; major, Benjamin F. Wat- 
son of Lawrence; surgeon, Norman Smith of Groton; assistant sur- 
geon, Jansen T. I'aine of Charlcstown; chaplain, Charles Babbidge 
of Pepperell ; adjutant. Alpha B. Farr of Lowell ; quartermaster, 
James Monroe of Cambridge; i)ayuuister, Rufus L. Plaistcd of Lowell: 
sergeant major, Samuel W. Sha'ttuck of Groton; quartermaster ser- 
geant, Church Howe of Worcester; commissary sergeant, John Dupee 



158 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of Boston; drum major, Frederick K. Stafford of Lowell; hospital 
steward, from May 7, William H. Gray of Acton. 

Company A, Lowell — Captain, Josiali A. Sawtell; first lieutenant, 
Andrew J. Johnson; second lieutenant, Andrew C. Wright. 

Company B, Groton — Captain, Eusebius S. Clark; third lieutenant, 
George F. Shattuck. 

Company C, Lowell — Captain, Albert S. Follansbee; first lieutenant, 
Samuel D, Shiiiley; second lieutenant, John (J. Je]ison. 

Company D, Lowell — Captain, James \V. Hart; first lieutenant, 
Charles K. Jones; second lieutenant, Samuel C. Pinney; third lieu- 
tenant, Lewellyn L. Craig. 

Company E, Acton — Captain, Daniel Tuttle; first lieutenant, Will- 
iam H. Chapman; second lieutenant, George W. Eand; third lieuten- 
ant, Silas P. Blodgett; fourth lieutenant, Aaron S. Fletcher. 

Company F, Lawrence — Captain, Benjamin F. Chadbourne; second 
lieutenant, Melvin Beal; third lieutenant, Thomas J. Cate; fourth 
lieutenant, Jesse C. Silver of Methuen. 

Company H, Lowell — Captain, John F. Xoyes; first lieutenant, 
George E. Davis; second lieutenant, Andrew F. Jewett; third lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin Warren. 

Company I, Lawrence^Captain, John Pickering; first lieutenant, 
Daniel S. Yeaton; second lieutenant, A. Lawrence Hamilton; third 
lieutenant, Eben H. Ellenwood; fourth lieutenant, Eugene J. Mason. 

Company K, Boston — Captain, AValter S. Sampson; first lieuten- 
ant, Ansel D. Wass; second lieutenant, Moses J. Emery; third lieu- 
tenant, Thomas Wallwork; fourth lieutenant, John F. Dunning. 

Company L, Stoneham — Captain, John H. Dike; first lieutenant, 
Leandor F. Lynde; second lieutenant, Darius N. Stevens; third lieu- 
tenant, James F. Eowe; fourth lieutenant, William H. Blaisdell of 
Lynn. 

Company B, Third Battalion. Worcester — Captain, Harrison W. 
Pratt; first lieutenant, George W. Prouty: second lieutenant, Thomas 
S. Washburn; third lieutenant, Joseph W. Denny; fourth lieutenant. 
Dexter F. Parker. 

The regiment, accompanied by a band, left Boston for Washing- 
ton by rail direct, going by way of New York and Philadelphia, 
the streets being everywhere packed with enthusiastic, cheering 
multitudes. At the latter city the officers were quartered at the 
Continental Hotel and the men at the new and unoccupied Girard 
House, on the evening of the 18th ; but before quiet had fairly set- 
tled over the scene the long roll sounded and at 1 o'clock on the 
morning of the 19th the journey was resumed. Colonel Jones had 
information that the passage of his command through Baltimore 
would be opposed, and he jiushed forward at once, the train bearing 
the regiment being preceded l)y a i)ilot engine to guard against 
interference with the track by evil disi)osed i)crsons. 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 159 

Baltimore was reached at 10 o'clock on the 19th, the regiment 
having been fnrnished with 20 rounds of ball cartridge and having 
loaded and capped their pieces. It was intended to march the regi- 
ment across the city between the depots, but the method of handling 
the cars was not understood by Colonel Jones, and as soon as the 
train stopped horses were attached and the cars started for the 
"Washington depot. Seven companies passed without serious in- 
cident, only the rearmost — K — being seriously assaulted. Four of 
its men Averc wounded and their comrades fired from the car win- 
dows upon the mob. By this time the track was obstructed and 
torn up so that the cars containing the remaining four conijjanies — 
C, I, L and D- — could not be moved. The detachment debarked 
from the cars and under command of Captain Follansbee marched 
across the city, being for much of the distance compelled to fight 
its way through an infuriated mob of many thousands. 

Four of the soldiers were killed in the melee — Addison 0. Whit- 
ney, Luther C. Ladd and Charles A. Taylor of Company D, and 
Sumner H. Needham of Company I — and 36 were wounded. Cap- 
tain l)ike was shot through the thigh and took shelter in a Balti- 
more hotel ; Lieutenants Lynde and Rowe were also wounded. 
Shutting themselves closely into the cars the regiment were finally 
drawn from the depot and reached Washington that evening with- 
out further adventure, Init minus the l^and, which had been set upon 
by the mob and dispersed, losing instruments, music and extra 
clothing. Under police protection the musicians finally took the 
cars back to Massachusetts. Some unarmed Pennsylvania troops, 
following the Sixth, also turned back without attempting to pass 
through the city. 

At Washington the regiment received a most cordial greeting 
from the friends of the national government. It was quartered in 
the Senate chamber, where officers and men slept on their arms, in 
readiness for any duty to which they might be called. The com- 
mand was mustered into the United States service on the 22d, and 
during the early part of May some changes occurred in the roster 
of officers ; Major Watson was made lieutenant colonel. Captain 
Sawtell of Company A becoming major. Several changes also oc- 
curred in the company officers, though the organization was not 
changed to the United States standard. In drilling, building ovens, 
making preparations for a siege in case one should ensue, with an 



160 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

occasional parade through the streets, to show to the spies and se- 
cession sympathizers in the city that the government was no longer 
defenseless, the time was passed till the 5th of May. 

Other troops had now arrived at Washington, and the Sixth re- 
ported to General Butler at Relay House, near Baltimore, pitching 
their camp on Elk Ridge Eights. When on the 13th General But- 
ler decided to occupy Baltimore, the Sixth Regiment was with 
poetic justice selected to form a part of the column of occupation. 
Accompanied by a part of the Eighth Regiment and Cook's Light 
Battery, the Sixth went on board cars, moving at first away from 
Baltimore ; but presently the train was backed down to the city, and 
in the darkness of a stormy evening the column marched to Federal 
.Hill almost unobserved. The presence of the force proved a check 
on traitorous designs ; arms intended for the secessionists were 
seized, and the authority of the national government was firmly 
established. 

Having aided in this important work, the command returned to 
Relay House on the 16th, and was thenceforth principally engaged 
in guarding the railroad in that vicinity, a detachment soon after 
capturing the notorious Ross Winans. During the brief period of 
its service the regiment was at four times ])resented with colors and 
banners — the first occasion being when it left Massachusetts. New 
Jersey friends gave a stand of colors on the 29th of May ; the ladies 
of New York sent a banner on the 21st of June, and on the 4th of 
July the loyal citizens of Baltimore gave a Union flag of especial 
magnificence. 

On the 13th of June the Sixth, with the Thirteenth New York 
and Cook's Battery, went to the city to prevent interference at the 
polls during an election, but no disturbance occurred. They were 
again summoned from Relay House to the city on the 26th, en- 
camping on Mount Clare and in the vicinity till the 1st of July. 
Returning then to Relay House, they remained till the expira- 
tion of their term of service. Owing to the Federal defeat at Bull 
Run on the day previous, the command was asked by General Banks 
to remain for a few days longer, and all but about 20 did so. Be- 
fore l)rcaking camp the regiment received a finely engrossed copy 
of a vote of thanks passed by the House of Representatives at 
Washington. 

The camp at Relay was broken on the 29th, and Boston was 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 161 

rcachcil the 1st of Aiitrust. The following day the regiment was 
inusteri'd out of the United States service by Colonel Amory and 
the com})anies separated to their respective homes. 

THE nine-months' TERM. 

With the other Massachusetts militia regiments, the Sixth re- 
sponded at once and must heartily to the call for troops for nine- 
months' service in the summer of 1862 ; displaying its customary 
energy in preparation, it was again the first under the call to report 
at Washington for duty. The rendezvous of the regiment was 
Camp Henry Wilson at Lowell, where it was recruited to the maxi- 
mum reciuircd. Seven of the companies were the same that had 
gone forth the previous year, the organization being completed by 
the addition of Companies F, G- and K. During the year many 
changes had taken place in the personnel of the command, as will 
be observed from the roster of the officers in charge of the regiment 
at its second muster, as follows : — 

Colonel, Albert S. Follansbee of Lowell ; lieutenant colonel, Melvin 
Beal of Lawrence; major, Charles A. Stott; surgeon, Walter Burn- 
ham, both of Lowell; assistant surgeon, Otis M. Humphrey of Natick; 
chaplain, John W. Hanson of Haverhill; adjutant, Thomas 0. Allen; 
(|uartermaster, William G. Wise ; sergeant major, William F. Lovrien, 
all of Lowell ; quartermaster sergeant, Oliver P. Swift of Boston; 
commissary sergeant, Charles H. Coburn; hospital steward. Frank J. 
Millikeu; principal musician, Elisha L. Davis, all of Lowell. 

Company A, Lowell — Captam, Andrew C. Wright; first lieutenant, 
Enoch J. Foster; second lieutenant, Alfred J. Hall. 

Company B, Groton — Captain, George F. Shattuck; first lieutenant, 
Samuel G. Blood ; second lieutenant, Edward D. Sawtell. 

Company C, Lowell — Captain, John C. Jepson; first lieutenant, 
John W. liadley ; second lieutenant, Isaac N. Marshall. 

Company D, Lowell — Captain, James W. Hart ; first lieutenant, 
Samuel C. Pinney; second lieutenant, Hiram C. Muzzey. 

Company E, Acton — Captain, Aaron C. Haudley; iirst lieutenant, 
Aaron S.. Fletcher; second lieutenant, George W. Kand. 

Company F, Cambridge — Captain, John S. Sawyer; first lieutenant, 
Theodore Collamore; second lieutenant, Lowell Ellison. 

Company G, Lowell — Captain, George L. Cady ; first lieutenant, 
Selwyn E. Bickford; second lieutenant, Alfred H. Pulsifer. 

Company H, Lowell — Captain, Rodney C. Person; first lieutenant, 
Charles E. Poor; second lieutenant, Albert Pinder. 

Company I, Lawrence — Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton: first lieu- 
tenant, Eben H. Elleuwood ; second lieutenant, Eubert G. Barr. 



162 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company K — Captain, Charles E. A. Bartlett of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, William F. Wood of Acton; second lieutenant, Shapley Mor- 
gan of Dracut. 

Nine of the companies -^ere mustered on the 31st of August, the 
field and staff on the 4th of September, and Company F on the 8th. 
The day following camp was broken, the regiment proceeding to 
and through Boston without a stop, and taking cars to Groton, Ct., 
whence the steamer Plymouth Rock conveyed it to New York. 
Everywhere along the route, a great ovation was received, in which 
even Baltimore enthusiastically joined. Washington was reached 
on the 12th, and Colonel FoUansbee on reporting to General Casey 
was directed to proceed with his command to Fortress Monroe. 
Embarking on the steamers John A. Warner and Swan, the regi- 
ment left the national capital the 13th and reached the Fortress the 
same day. On reporting to General Dix, the Sixth were supplied 
with tents and field equipage and directed to Suffolk, 23 miles dis- 
tant, where they arrived on the 15th and reported to General 0. S. 
Ferry in command of the post. Camp was pitched in an orchard 
in the vicinity and the regiment was no sooner settled than it Avas 
called upon for fatigue parties to work on intrcnchments and forti- 
licntion.s in the neighborhood. 

During the night of the 17th the regiment was called up and 
furnished with ammunition and a few hours later formed line of 
battle to meet an expected assault, but it was not till several days 
later that the sounds of distant skirmishing were heard. General 
John J. Peck arrived on the 24tli and to^ok command of the post, 
the Sixth being on the same day brigaded with the Thirteenth Indi- 
ana, One Hundred and Twelfth and One Hundred and Thirtieth 
New York Regiments, under command of Colonel Robert S. Foster 
of the Thirteenth. The camp was moved next day to a more suita- 
ble location, and for some time the round of camp, picket and 
fatigue duty was only broken by a few eventless expeditions, the 
first of which occurred on the 3d of October, when the regiment 
inarched to Windsor, some ten miles out, in support of a mounted 
force which was feeling for the enemy, but none was found and 
camp was reached on the return some 20 hours after it was left. 
A larger force, of which the Sixth formed a part, made a longer 
expedition on the 24th, jienetrating to the Blackwater river, some 
20 miles from Sufl'olk, and skirmishing slightly. 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. IGO 

About the first of November a consi(leral)le detail was made from 
the regiment for service as heavy artillerists in the forts about Suf- 
folk, in which position the men remained till the end of their term. 
Much sickness prevailed in the command at that time, the weather 
being very disagreeable ; a considerable fall of snow on the 7th 
l)riuping a sharp realization of the New England weather and ex- 
tending over the whole of Virginia. Another expedition toward 
the Blackwater occurred on the ITtli, demonstrations made against 
the federal outposts at Providence Church leading to a suspicion 
that the Confederate strength thereabout had been increased. The 
Sixth formed the right of the infantry column, and on reaching the 
Blackwater, 30 miles from Suffolk, found the enemy on the opposite 
shore, and some firing across the stream took place, the regiment 
supporting the artillery. After the Confederates had been driven 
back Company H crossed tlie river, but the Union main body could 
not follow on account of damage to the ponton boat, so that the 
column was ordered down the river to near Franklin, where the 
Sixth again supported the artillery during a sharp skirmish. This 
ended, the regiment returned to camp with no other loss than the 
capture of two stragglers. 

It being reported that the enemy were intrenching at Beaver 
Dam Church, an expedition was sent thither on the 1st of Decem- 
ber, of which the Sixth formed a part, the whole under command 
of Colonel Spear of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry — a native 
of Massachusetts. The foe was not found in force, but the cavalry 
by a sharp dash captured some 20 prisoners and two guns of the 
Rocket Battery which had been taken from the Army of the 
Potomac on the Peninsula. With these trophies the column re- 
turned to Suffolk, and five days later the Sixth changed their camp 
to the ground vacated by Wessells' brigade. The new location was 
marshy, but the regiment at once set about its improvement, and 
soon had quite comfortable quarters, — named "Camj) Misery" — in 
which they remained during their further stay at Suffolk. 

Another expedition toward the Blackwater set out December 11, 
striking the river near Zuni,and a fight across the stream followed. 
Company I of the Sixth was detailed as skirmishers, while the rest 
of the regiment supported the artillery, and had scarcely reached 
the skirmish line when Second Lieutenant Barr was shot through 
the heart — the first member of the reo'iment killed in liattle. No 



164 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

other casualty occurred during the engagement, and after the enemy 
had been driven back, the cohimn returned on the 13th to camp. 

While General Peck guarded the approaches to Suffolk with great 
vigilance, and sent out frequent reconnaissances, the Sixth were not 
again called upon till the 29th of January, 1863, when they set 
forth at midnight forming part of a force of 4,300 under General 
Corcoran to disperse a detachment of Confederates under General 
Pryor at Deserted House, some ten miles out on the Carsville road. 
The outposts Avere encountered before daylight and a sharp engage- 
ment began, the regiment supporting the Seventh lyiassachusetts Bat- 
tery in an exposed position. Only the skillful I^andling of the regi- 
ment saved it from severe loss. The enemy were repeatedly driven 
from advantageous positions, falling back at first about a mile and 
then for eight miles before attempting the third stand, finally retir- 
ing across the Blackwater. The loss of the Sixth was five killed or 
mortally wounded, including Second Lieutenant E. D, Sawtell, and 
seven others were wounded. Camp was reached on the return within 
24 hours from the time of leaving, during which the regiment had 
marched almost 40 miles and been engaged in three distinct fights. 

During February and j\rarch the abundant mud prevented military 
operations, and early in April the regiment was ordered in readiness 
to leave Suffolk at once ; the log huts had even been dismantled, 
when news of the approach of Longstreet was received ; the orders 
were countermanded, non-combatants were ordered out of camp, 
and preparations made for the threatened siege. The federal out- 
posts were driven in on the 11th of April, and from that time for- 
ward the siege went steadily on, no engagements of moment occur- 
ring, but an incessant skirmishing keeping all the forces at the 
front on the alert. The Sixth occupied the right of the Union 
line, three of the companies garrisoning Fort Nansemond till the 
arrival of the Hawkins Zouaves. The pits and fortifications com- 
manding the n))proach to Suffolk by way of the Somcrton road were 
occu])iod by five regiments of infantry, including the Sixth, and the 
Seventh Battery, all under command of Colonel Follansbee. On 
the 24th a reconnaissance was made on the Somcrton road in sup- 
port of another by a different route, more than half of the regiment 
•taking part and having one man wounded. Two or three others 
were wounded on succeeding days by sharpshooters. 

After 22 days of resultless siege operations, General Longstreet 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 165 

was recalled to the assistance of his chief, General Lee, who with 
the main part of tlie Army of Northern Virginia was fighting the 
battle of Chanccllorsville, and on the 3d of May it was evident that 
the siege was being abandoned. Pursuit was at once made by the 
federal soldiers, the Sixth starting out by way of the Somcrton road 
on the 4th. The regiment made a rapid march of 12 miles, pick- 
ing up a good many deserters and stragglers, but finding that the 
main force was avcU out of reach toward Fredericksburg. 

Another expedition set out over the familiar roads toward the 
Blackwater on the 13th, Colonel Foster having command of the 
movement and Colonel Follansbee of the brigade. Carsville was 
reached about daylight of the 14th, and the troops were disposed 
so as to protect workmen engaged in tearing up the railroad ; but 
the enemy soon sent in an artillery fire which drove the laborers to 
.safer quarters. The regiment was not engaged early in the day, 
but after noon it was sent to the front and took position near Cars- 
ville, where it lay in line of battle that night in a soaking rain- 
storm.' Next morning Companies A and F were sent out to 
strengthen the picket line, other companies following from time to 
time during the day till nearly the entire regiment was thus scat- 
tered through the woods, a determined firing, with occasional ad- 
vances and retreats on both sides, continuing all day. Late in the 
afternoon the regiment was returned to the reserve, having suffered 
a loss of five killed or mortally wounded, 11 less seriously hurt, 
and seven unwounded made prisoners. 

The enemy retired across the Blackwater during the night of the 
16tli and on the night of the 18th the federal column fell back to 
Deserted House, Avhere the Sixth encam|)ed on the ground over 
which they had fought on the 30th of January. There General Cor- 
coran took command of the force. Colonel Foster being ill, and on 
the 20th the Sixth Avere ordered to Windsor, where the railroad was 
being destroyed. The regiment remained in support of Howard's 
Battery until the 23d, when it was relieved and returned to Suffolk, 
and having received oflticial compliments from General Peck and 
Colonel Foster for its faithful services, it was directed to prepare 
for muster out. Leaving Suffolk on the 26th and taking the steamer 
S. R. Spaulding, it landed at Boston on the 29th and went at once 
to Lowell. Re-assembling on the 3d of June, it was formally dis- 
missed from its second period of service. 



166 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAIi. 

THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. 

Under a call from the secretary of war early in July, 1864, the 
Sixth Regiment again took its place in camp to prepare for active 
service, this time for a period of 100 days. The rendezvous was at 
Readville, and as the companies gathered they were mustered in. 
Company K on the 14th being the first, and Company E on the 
19th the last. The field and staff were mustered on the 17th, and 
the term of service dated from the 20th, when the command left 
for Washington. The roster of field and staff officers was much 
the same as in 1862, the changes in staff being as follows : — 

Assistant surgeon, William Bass; quartermaster, William E. Farrar; 
sergeant major, Samuel W. Grimes; quartermaster sergeant, William 
H. Spalding; commissary sergeant, Oxford K. Blood; hospital steward, 
Henry S. AVoods, all of Lowell. 

Company A, Boston — Captain, Joseph M. Coombs; first lieutenant, 
Moses Briggs; second lieutenant, George A. Chipman. 

Company B — Captain, George F. Shattuck of Groton; first lieuten- 
ant, Joseph A. Bacon of Harvard; second lieutenant, William T. 
Childs of Groton. 

Company C, Lowell — Captain, Benjamin F. Goddard; first lieuten- 
ant, Wilham B. McCurdy; second lieutenant, John A. Eichardson. 

Company D — Same as 1862. 

Company E, Acton — Captain, Frank H. Whitcomb; first lieuten- 
ant, George W. Knights; second lieutenant, Isaiah Hutchins. 

Company F, Boston — Captain, Henry W. Wilson; first lieutenant, 
Edmund C. Colman; second lieutenant, Richard J. Fennelly. 

Company G, Lowell — Captain, Nathan Taylor; first lieutenant, 
Charles H. Bassett; second lieutenant, Paul Paulus. 

Company M — Captam, Moses E. Ware of Roxl)ury; first lieutenant, 
George L. Tripp of Boston; second lieutenant, Albert A. Chittenden 
of Chelsea. 

Company I — Captain, Edward H. Staten of Salem; first lieutenant, 
Joseph H. Gliddcn of Salem; second lieutenant, George M. Crowell 
of Dan vers. 

Company K, Lawrence — Captain, Edgar J. Sberman; first lieuten- 
ant, Moulton Batchelder; second lieutenant, John D. Emerson. 

The office of major being vacant. Adjutant Thomas (). Allen was 
elected and commissioned August 1, Lieutenant Colman of Com- 
pany F becoming adjutant and his place in turn being filled by the 
commissioning of First Sergeant Archelaus N. Leman. The regi- 
ment, with the others under the call, being intended to perform 
simjile garrison duty till the arrival of more permanent troojis, 
found tlie routine comparatively dull and eventless. Going by way 



THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 167 

of Groton, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore — again receiv- 
ing at the latter place an enthusiastic welcome — it reached Wash- 
ington on the 22d and next day reported to General De Russey at 
Fort Corcoran, Avho assigned the regiment a position in the rear of 
Fort C. F. Smith on Arlington Hights, about a mile from Aqueduct 
Bridge. There it remained without notable experience till the 21st 
of August, Avlicn three days' rations were drawn and the command 
made its way homeward as far as Philadelphia, going thence about 
40 miles down the Delaware river to Fort Delaware on Pea Patch 
Island, where it relieved the One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Ohio 
Regiment from guard duty over the 7,000 Confederate jirisoncrs of 
war held there. General Alban Schoepf , a loyal Marylander and a 
good officer, commanded the post, and the location of the regiment 
was very comfortable, most of the married otticers being accom- 
panied by their families, and the duties of the men being varied 
and sufficient to give the needed exercise. 

The Sixth were relieved by a Delaware regiment on the 19th of 
October, and set out for home by way of Philadelphia and New 
York, reaching Boston on the 21st. The men were then furloughed 
till the 24th, when the command gathered at Readville and on the 
27th was for the third time honorably mustered out of the national 
service. 



THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Seventh Regiment Avas among- the first of the three-years 
organizations, being composed ahnost entirely of Bristol 
County men recruited through the efforts of its first colonel, 
Darius N. Couch. Its rendezvmis was Camp Old Colony at Taun- 
ton, where on the 15th of June, 1861, its ten companies were mus- 
tered into the United States service for three years, the officers 
being as follows : — 

Colonel, Darius N. Couch of Taunton; lieutenant colonel, Chester 
W. Green of Fall Kiver; major, I 'avid E. Holman of Attleboro ; sur- 
geon, S. Atherton Holman of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Z. Boylston 
Adams of Boston; adjutant, Othoniel Gilmore of Raynham; quarter- 
master, Daniel Edson, Jr., of Digliton; sergeant major, Edward L. 
Langford of Fall River ; quartermaster sergeant. Dan Packard of 
Abington; commissary sergeant, John B. Burt of Fall River; hospital 
steward, Horace B. Sherman of Boston; principal musicians, Robert 
Sheelian of Fall River and Thomas Dolan of Taunton ; leader of band, 
Zadoc Thompson, Jr., of Halifax. 

Company A, Fall River — Ca]>tain, David H. Dyer; first lieutenant 
Jesse F. Eddy; second lieutenant, Wdliam H. Nye. 

Company B, Fall River — Cajjtain, John Cashing; first lieutenant, 
Jesse D. Bullock; second lieutenant, George W. Gilford. 

Company C — Captain, Charles T. Robinson; first lieutenant, Edgar 
Robinson, both of Raynham; second lieutenant, George F. Holman 
of Cambridge. 

Company D, Taunton — Captain, Joseph B. Leonard ; first lieuten- 
ant, William B. Stall ; second lieutenant, William M. Hale. 

Company E — Captain, Horace Fox of Boston; first lieutenant, Hiram 
A. Oakman of Marsh field ; second lieutenant, William W. Carsley of 
Dorchester. 

Company F. Taunton — Captain, Zeba F. Bliss ; first lieutenant, 
James M. Lincoln; second lieutenant, James R. Matthewson. 

Company G, Easton — Caj^tain, Ward L. Foster; first lieutenant, 
Augustus W. Lothrop; second lieutenant, Mnnroe F. Williams. 

Company H — Ca])tain, John P. Whitcomb of Mansfield: first lieu- 
tenant, John W. Rogers of Marslifield; second lieutenant, William F. 
White of Mansfield. 



THE SEVENTH EEGIMEXT. 109 

Company I, Attlel)oro — Captain, John F. Ashley: first lieutenant, 
AVilliam W. Fisher; second lieutenant, Charles B. De-sjardines. 

Company K, Abington — Captain, Franklin P. Harlow ; first lieu- 
tenant, George W. Reed ; second lieutenant, Abijali L. Mayhew. 

The regiment remained in camp at Taunton till the 11th of July, 
when it set out for Washington, reaching the capital on the loth 
and going into camp at Kalorama Ilights, Georgetown, near Meri- 
dian Hill, some 2 1-2 miles from the Capitol. There it remained till 
the Gth of August, when it marched out of the city some four or 
live miles l)y the Seventh Street road and went into permanent 
camp, being brigaded with the Tenth Massachusetts, Second Rhode 
Island and Thirty-sixth New York. Colonel Couch, who on the 
4th of September was commissioned a brigadier general of volun- 
teers, took command of the brigade, which Avith two others, under 
General L. P. Graham and General John J. Peck, formed soon 
after, constituted General Don Carlos Buell's Division. The camp 
of the brigade was known as Rrightwood, and was occupied without 
notable event till the following spring. Large details from the 
regiment almost immediately began the construction of a strong 
earthwork neaV the camp, at first known as Fort Massachusetts but 
later named Fort Stevens, in honor of General Isaac I. Stevens. 

The encampment at Brightwood saw many changes among the 
officers of the Seventh. Following the promotion of Colonel Couch, 
the regiment was commanded by Colonel Nelson H. Davis, j)ro- 
moted from the regular ai-my, in which he held a commission as 
captain in the Second Regiment. Colonel Davis vacated the 
colonelcy on the 18th of November, being promoted in the regular 
service and entering the insi)ector general's department. He was 
succeeded in the command of the Seventh by Colonel Joseph Whec- 
lock of Boston, who retained the command some two months, re- 
signing on the 30th of January, 1862. Captain David A. Russell 
of the Eighth United States Infantry succeeded him, being com- 
missioned colonel of the Seventh from the 31st of Januarv and 
])roving one of the ablest officers in the service. Lieutenant 
Colonel Green resigned November 22, and the vacancy was filled 
by the commissioning of Charles Raymond of Plymouth. ^Major 
Holman, who was 55 years of age, resigned on the 1st of August, 
being succeeded by Captain Franklin P. ]Iarlow. Several of the 
line officers, including Captains Dyer, Gushing, Robinson, Fox and 



170 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

Ashley, resigned before the close of November. These vacancies 
were filled by promotion from the lower grades in regular order, 
which it will be observed had not been the case in filling vacancies 
of higher rank. 

The location at Brightwood was a favorable one, and the health 
of the .regiment during the winter was good, the brigade at the 
special report made February 1, 1862, having but two per cent, sick 
— the most favorable report made by any brigade in the army. As 
the time for the opening of the spring campaign drew near the 
Army of the Potomac was divided into five corps, the Seventh find- 
ing itself in the Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Corps. Gen- 
eral Keycs commanded the corps and General Couch the division ; 
Colonel Briggs of the Tenth Massachusetts having temporary com- 
mand of the brigade, but being succeeded soon after the landing at 
Fortress Monroe by General Charles Devens. 

Camp was broken at Brightwood on the 11th of March and the 
regiment crossed the Potomac into Virginia, marching as far as 
Prospect Hill. 12 miles from Brightwood, where the division halted 
in an open field, remaining there till morning of the* 14th, when it 
marched back to Fort Marcy, bivouacking there in a severe rain- 
storm till near night of the 15th, when the column returned to the 
old camps. No further move was made till the 25th, when the 
regiment passed through Washington, embarked on the steamer 
Daniel Webster and sailed for Fortress Monroe, where it debarked 
on the 29th, marching some eight miles and halting at Camp W. 
F. Smith, near Newport News. 

Camp Smith was occupied till the advance against Yorktown, on 
the 4th of April, when two days' march took the regiment to War- 
wick Court House, not far from Lee's ]\Iills, where cam}) was made 
and a month passed while General McClellan confronted the 
cnemv's intrcnchments, the encampment being known as Camp 
Winlield Scott. Leaving this place on the 4th of May, — the Con- 
federates having evacuated Yorktown, the Seventh led Devens's 
Brigade, following General Peck's, to the battle-field of Williams- 
burg, which was reached about the middle of the afternoon of the 
5th, when the fight was at its hottest. The regiment was moved 
forward through a sharp artillery fire, followed by the Second Rhode 
Island, at first to the support of General Peck's Brigade, relieving 
two regiments of that command a little later Avhen their annuuni- 



THE SEVEXTIl REGIMENT. 171 

tion ■was exhausted. The loss of the Seventh was but one killed 
and two wounded. That night the regiment stood in line of l)attle 
through a drenching rain, and next morning a detachment senl out 
under Captain Reed confirmed the suspicion that the enemy had 
retired and occupied Fort Magruder. During the 9th and 10th the 
regiment marched some 20 miles to Roper's Church, advancing on 
the 13th to New Kent Court House. On the 16th a reconnaissance 
was made to Jialtimore Cross Roads, seven miles, and the day fol- 
lowing to within three miles of Bottom's Bridge on the Chicka- 
hominy. The railroad from Richmond to York River was taken 
possession of on the 18th and next day the camp of the regiment 
was pushed forward a mile or so, the skirmish line under the able 
direction of Colonel Russell gradually feeling its way through the 
region. On the 20th a detachment under Major Harlow and Cap- 
tain Holnian made a reconnaissance to the vicinity of the Bridge, 
finding the enemy posted on the opposite bank, the party losing- one 
man wounded and a sergeant captured. Next morning Company 
F at the railroad and Company A at Bottom's Bridge crossed the 
river after some skirmishing, and the regiment following sent out 
a detachment which penetrated some two miles. On the 24th and 
25th some eight miles more were made, bringing the brigade into 
camp at Fair Oaks. 

Soon after the opening of the Battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, the 
Seventh were detached from their brigade and sent to reinforce 
General Birney's Brigade of the Third Division, Third (Heintzcl- 
man's) Corjis. This brigade was advanced along the railroad to 
protect the right of Couch's Division, enabling that officer to extri- 
cate his command, which was nearly surromided. This disposition 
of the regiment was made near evening of the 31st, and during the 
following day the Seventh took part in a decisive repulse of the 
enemy on that portion of the field, fortunately losing but four men 
Avounded during the battle. 

On the 2d of June the regiment moved some two miles to the 
right, near Golding's House, where it remained for five days, some 
of the time in support of a battery. It then encamped near Sav- 
age's Station, a short distance in rear of the Fair Oaks battle-field, 
till the 25tli of June. On that day the brigade, now commanded 
by General Palmer, General Devens having been wounded at Fair 
Oaks, was ordered to report to General Hcintzelman, in support of 



172 MASSACUUSETTS IX THE WAIl. 

the advance being made by Hooker's Division of his corps. The 
Seventh, taking position in the front line of l)attle, were somewhat 
■engaged, losing two killed, including First Lieutenant Jesse D. Bul- 
lock, and 14 wounded. 

The Seventh with the Second Rhode Island were detached from 
the brigade on the 27th, and reported to General Peck, command- 
ing the Second Division of the corps, Avith head-quarters at White 
Oak Swamp. The following morning, in preparation for the " change 
of base" of the army to the James river. General Peck took pos- 
session of the crossing of the Charles City, New Market and other 
roads at Glendale, with pickets well advanced, holding that position 
for two days, a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry occurring in 
which the Seventh met no loss. During the 29th and 30th the 
regiment led the way toward Turkey Island Bend on the James river, 
and being on picket the following day it had no part in the battle of 
Malvern Hill. On the 2d of July the movement to Harrison's 
Landing was made. General Peck covering the rear, the roads being 
in terrible condition from the heavy rain and their excessive use. 
On the 3d the regiment moved some miles up the river and rejoined 
its brigade, going into camp. Twice within a short time it was 
called to join in a reconnaissance — going on the 5th of August to 
Turkey Island Bend, returning the next day, and on the 8th ad- 
vancing to Haxall's Station, getting back to camj) on the 11th. 

General Devcns had now resumed command of the brigade, and 
on the IGtli it began the march to Yorktown, which place the 
Seventh passed through on the 20th, encamping two miles beyond 
on the Big Bethel road. Resting there till the 29th, they went 
aboard the bark Texas, arriving off Alexandria the 31st and debark- 
ing the 1st of September. At night a march of 15 miles was made 
to near Fairfax Court House, returning on the 2d to within four 
miles of Chain Bridge, and on the 3d camping near the bridge. 
The crossing to the Washington side took j)lace on the 5th, and even- 
ing of the Gtli found the regiment in bivouac near Orcutt's Cross 
Roads, Md., wliere a halt of two days was made. The onward 
movement in search of Leo's army was resumed the 9th and con- 
tinued by way of Poolesville, Jefferson and Btirkittsvillc, through 
South Mountain Gap to a camj) in Pleasant A^alley which was 
reached on the 14th. Resuming the march on the 17th, the regi- 
ment reached the field of battle on the Antietam early next day. 



THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 173 

formiiio: in the rear of the Fiftli Corps, rcmainin-g there for some 
time and going' on piclcct at the right of the Union linos, across the 
stream. On the 20th the regiment marched some nine miles in 
pursuit of the enemy, who had crossed the Potomac, and formed 
line of battle near St. James College on the Williamsi)ort road. 
Bivouac was made in the woods next day, and on the 23d a ])leas- 
ant camp was established near Downsville, where early in October 
the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Regiment joined the brigade. 

The raid of the Confederate cavalry under General Stuart on the 
10th of October to Chambersburg, Pa., and around the rear of the 
Union army called the brigade up the Potomac a few days later. 
Setting out near evening of the 18th, a forced march was made to 
Hancock, which was reached at night of the 19th. Stopping there 
for a day, the command started back soon after midnight of the 
21st, halting at Cherry Run, ten miles below, where a week was 
passed. By this time preparations for the advance of the Union 
army into Virginia were about completed, the brigade returned as 
far as Willianisi)ort on the 27th, and to the old camp at Downs- 
ville on the 20tli. Marching orders came the following day, and 
on the 31st the regiment took its place in the column moving* 
southward. Two days' marching brought it to Berlin, where a day 
was passed in rest, when the Potomac Avas crossed on the ponton 
bridge and a steady advance brought the brigade at night of the 
6th of November to White Plains, where a snow storm and a scarcity 
of rations made the next few days uncomfortable. On the 9th a 
short march was made over horrible roads to New Baltimore. 

Ceneral Burnside having succeeded General McClellan in the 
connuand of the Army of the Potomac, a considerable reorganiza- 
tion was made, in wliich " Couch's Pivisioi.i" was attached to the 
Sixth Corps, with which it had acted for some months, becoming the 
Third Division, General Devens's command forming the Second 
Brigade. General W. F. Smith commanded the corps, which was 
part of General W. B. Franklin's left grand division, and General 
John Newton the division — General Couch having been commis- 
sioned a major general of volunteers and assigned to the command 
of the Second Corps. Lieutenant Colonel Raymond having resigned 
from the Seventh on the 24th of October, ]\fajor Harlow was ad- 
vanced to the ]ilace, and Captain Leonard succeeded the latter as 
major. Assistant Surgeon Adams being promoted to surgeon of 



174 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the Thirty -second Regiment, William H. Lincoln of Hubbardston 
and Arthur W. Cowdry of Stow had during the summer been made 
assistant surgeons. Second Lieutenant Peleg Mitchell of Fall 
Eiver died of disease August 10. On the 11th the regimental band 
■was mustered out of the service, pursuant to a general order from 
the "War Department. 

The movement toward Fredericksburg began on the 16th of No- 
vember, the regiment encamping near Stafford Court House on 
the 18th and remaining there till the 4th of December, when it 
marched toward the left, going into camp on the 5th near White 
Oak Church during a very disagreeable storm of rain and snow. 
The regimental camp was changed on the 9th, and early in the 
morning of the 11th the Seventh with the brigade marched down 
to the plain beside the Rappahannock where it waited till nearly 
dusk for the order to cross the river. General Devens having vol- 
unteered his command for the duty, the brigade dashed across the 
ponton bridges at Franklin's Crossing, the Second Rhode Island de- 
ploying as skirmishers while the rest of the brigade stood in line 
of battle during the night a short distance out on the plain in guard 
of the bridges. During the afternoon of the 13th the regiment took 
a position at the left, where it was exposed to a sharp artillery fire, 
afterward moving to various points on that part of the field until 
the withdrawal of the army across the river on the night of the 
15th, when with the other regiments of the brigade it covered the 
recrossing. Its loss had been but one killed and two wounded. 

Winter quarters were established on the 18th, about half way 
between Falmouth and White Oak Church, and there the regiment 
remained for some months. On the 20th of January, 1863, it joined 
in the futile expedition directed by General Burnsidc toward 
Banks's Ford, known as the " Mud March," returning to its camp 
in an exhausted and bedraggled condition on the 23d. Colonel 
Russell, promoted to be brigadier general, had taken command of 
the Third Brigade, First Division, and the vacant colonelcy was 
filled by the commissioning February 22 of Thomas D. Johns of 
Pennsylvania, like his predecessors a graduate of West Point. Late 
in April General Devens bade adieu to the brigade, having been as- 
signed to command a division of the Eleventh Corps, and was suc- 
ceeded by Colonel W. H. Browne of the Thirty -sixth New York. 

The Sixth Corps broke camp to participate in the Chancellors- 



THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 175 

villc movement on the 28th of April, the Seventh on the following 
morning marching down near the Franklin Crossing of the Ra|> 
pahannock, where it remained with some chantres of ])osition and 
minor demonstrations till the evening of ^May 2, when it crossed 
the river and during the night moved iijt to the city of Fredericks- 
hurg. During the morning of the od the regiment with the Thirty- 
sixth New York was selected to form a storming colunni for the 
capture of the hights in the rear of the city. Colonel Johns com- 
manding the column, the regiment was led by the gallant Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Harlow. At the command both regiments advanced 
nobly, the Seventh moving by the flank np a stony road which Avas 
little more than a gully, and meeting a deadly fire which tore the 
head of the column to fragments. Colonel Johns rallied the men 
and jjressed on till he was severely wounded, when Colonel Harlow 
Avith a handful of brave followers made a lodgment in the hostile 
works, that ollicer Ijeing shot by a Confederate at short range but 
miraculously only slightly hurt. The hostile line being lu'oken, the 
enemy were soon driven from Marye's Hights, the Seventh captur- 
ing two ])ieces of artillery. 

After a short rest the corps pressed forward in the direction of 
Hooker's main army, Avith Avhich SedgAvick, commanding the Sixth 
Corps, was under orders to form an immediate junction. As the 
Seventh approached Salem Church they found a battle in progress 
at that point betAveen the First Division of the corps and the enemy 
under General McLaws, in Avhich General Brooks's division Avas 
being forced back. The brigade was at once put into action, the 
Seventh forming the center of the line, Avith the Thirty-seventh and 
Thirty-sixth detached to the left and the Tenth and Second soon 
going into position on the right. A severe conflict ensued for a short 
time, during Avhich Colonel BroAvne Avas badly Avounded, Colonel 
Eustis of the Tenth succeeding to the command of the brigade, 
Avhen the Confederates Avere checked and driven back to the forest. 
The position thus secured Avas held during that night and the fol- 
loAving day, with some skirmishing during the latter part of the 
time, as the enemy gathered reinforcements, but at dusk the Union 
forces Avere skillfully extricated from the enveloping lines of their 
opponents and during the night the regiment Avith the rest of the 
corps recrossed the river at Banks's Ford and bivouacked near by. 
The Seventh took into the battle about 500 otticers and men, losing 



176 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAU. 

23 killed, inclndina- Captain Prentiss M. Whiting of Attleboro and 
First Lieutenant Albert A. Tillson of Mansfield, and nine officers 
and 105 men wounded. 

The regiment returned to the old camp on the 8th, selecting a 
new location near by, which it occupied till the 6th of June when 
the corps was again marched to the crossing of the Rappahannock 
below Fredericksburg, Avhere in fortifying, skirmishing and demon- 
strating against General A. P. Hill's corps the regiment remained 
till the 13th, Avhen the river was recrosscd and next morning the 
march northward on the Gettysburg campaign began. Fairfax Sta- 
tion was reached on the 16th and one day given to rest, when the 
command moved to Fairfax Court House, at which point it remained 
till the 24th, when it marched to Centerville, stopped there for a 
day, and on the morning of the 26th set out toward Pennsylvania ; 
about 120 miles were made in the next five days, and night of the 
30th found the regiment with the rest of the corps at Manchester, 
j\rd. At night of July 1 orders were received to report at Gettys- 
burg, where the battle had that day begun. Marching during the 
night and next day till 4 o'clock, the field was reached, and the 
brigade was at once sent to the left to the support of General Sick- 
les's hard pressed corps, where line of battle was formed near Little 
Round Top. This position was held during the night, and next day 
the regiment moved from point to point with its brigade, often under 
fire, but fortunately escaping without loss. On the 4th it occupied 
a position in the front line, throwing up in a rain-storm such in- 
trenchments as could be constructed without tools. 

The pursuit of the retreating southern army began on the 5th, 
and was continued daily through storms and over mountains that 
were terribly taxing to the soldiers till on the 10th, five miles be- 
yond Boonsboro, the regiment formed line of battle confronting the 
enemy, remaining in that position during the following day. On 
the 12th, Lee having changed his location somewhat, the Seventh 
advanced to Funkstown, Avhere line was again formed and intrenched 
during the following day. The morning of the 14th found the 
hostile troops across the river in Virginia once more ; the regiment 
followed them to Wiiliamsport, starting next morning toward Ber_ 
lin, which was reached on the 16th. Stopping there till the 1.9th, the 
regiment crossed the river and proceeded southward in its place in 
the column, diverging from the direct route on the 24th to visit 



THE SEVEXTir REGIMENT. 177 

Ashby's Gap, where there was promise of a fight, returning that 
day to its position near Orleans and on the 25th marching to near 
Warrenton, where it went into camp. 

The strategic movements of the Army of the Potomac being re- 
sumed, the Seventh marched on the loth of September to Sulphur 
Springs and next day to Stone House Mountain, near the Rapidan, 
Avhere line of battle was formed, though no engagement ensued, the 
Second and Sixth Corps encamping in that vicinity for the rest of 
the month. With the 1st of October came directions for distributing 
the division along the railroad from Rappahannock Station to Bris- 
toe's, and the Seventh started on the march that night, reaching 
Bealton next day and on the 3d going to Bristoe's, where it re- 
mained for ten days. The brigade marched to Catlett's Station on 
the 13th to cover the passage of the Union army, which was having 
a strategic race with the Confederates for the Washington defenses, 
rejoined the Sixth Corps when it came along, and returned nearly 
to the point from which it set out in the morning. Next day it 
marched to Centcrvillc, moved a few miles on the 15tli to the 
Chantilly battle-field and formed line of battle, facing the Confed- 
erates for some days in constant anticipation of an engagement. 

General Lee not caring to risk battle began a retrograde move- 
ment and the Union army followed, the Seventh marching on the 
19th to Gainesville and the day after to the vicinity of Warrenton, 
changing camp on the 22d to the ground occupied before setting 
out on the movement. On the 7th of November the Fifth and Sixth 
Corps advanced against a force of the enemy strongly intrenched 
at Rappahannock Station, and on reaching the scene of action the 
regiment was detached from its own brigade and o])erated with 
Shaler's (the First), being exposed to a severe artillery fire, but 
not otherwise engaged and suffering no loss. The works and nearly 
all their defenders being captured by the notable charge of General 
RusselFs Brigade and other troops, the Seventh crossed the Rappa. 
hannock next day, occupying the works on the south bank of the 
river, most of the regiment going on picket till the afternoon of 
the 9th, when it rejoined the brigade at Kelly's Ford. On the 12th 
it again marched up to the Station, crossed to the south side, ad- 
vanced to near Brandy Station and went into camj). 

The Mine Run expedition began on Thanksgiving day, the 26th, 
when the regiment marched to the Rapidan, crossing it near mid- 



178 MASSACHUSETTS ly THE WAE. 

night at Jacobs Mills and bivouacking near by. Xo movement 
was made by the Seventh during the following day beyond forming 
line of battle late in the afternoon, as the Sixth Corps, which fol- 
lowed the Third under General French, was delayed l)y the latter 
taking a course which brought it into collision with the enemy, re- 
sulting in a sharp fight. About midnight General Sedgwick was 
directed to take the advance, and after a hard night's march 
through the wilderness reached Robertson's Tavern the following 
morning. Waiting there during the day and the ensuing night in 
a driving storm, the division was attached to the Second Corps 
and moved to the extreme left and front in readiness for the con- 
templated attack on the Confederate position. Resting in the 
woods over night on the way, the regiment at daybreak was placed 
in the front line of the column of assault, the orders being to at- 
tack at 8 o'clock. But the weather had become bitterly cold, the 
enemy's position appeared impregnable, and the signal was not 
given. The lines kept their position all through the day, while the 
skirmishers maintained a lively lire, and at night the rapid move- 
ment back to the camps at Brandy Station began. The Rapidan 
was crossed at Culpeper Ford on the 2d of December and the fol- 
lowing day the regiment pitched its tents on the ground occupied 
previous to the expedition. 

This camp, with the ordinary routine of duties, was occupied dur- 
ing the winter. Late in February, 1864, the Sixth Corps was 
ordered to support a cavalry demonstration to the southwestward 
and on the 27th the regiment marched 15 miles through Culpeper 
to near Jamestown, and the next day advanced across Robertson's 
river, where it remained in readiness for action till night of !March 
1, through a driving storm of rain and snow. The cavalry having 
returned, the infantry force recrossed the river, marched a mile and 
made such a bivouac as was possible with the storm still continuing, 
returning to camp next day, a march of 22 miles and one of the 
most exhausting in the history of the organization. Previous to the 
opening of the spring campaign the five corps of the Army of the 
Potomac were consolidated into. three, the necessary changes mak- 
ing Eustis's the Fourth Brigade of the Second (Getty's) Division. 

Camp was broken at Brandy Station during the night of the 3d 
of May, and very early next morning the regiment joined in the 
southward march of the army, crossing the Ra})idan early in the 



THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 179 

afternoon and bivouacking for the night a few miles beyond. Next 
dav tlie battle of the Wilderness opened, and Getty's division being 
detached from its corps was sent to the Union left to operate on the 
Plank road, near the Brock road, under direction of General Han- 
cock, The signal for an advance was given about 4 o'clock and 
the regiment was heavily engaged till dark, winning some ground 
and sleeping on the field. The fighting was renewed next morning, 
continuing with varying result till afternoon, the Seventh during 
the two days losing 120, 15 being killed and many fatally wounded- 

During the succeeding night the brigade was ordered to rejoin its 
corps at the right, which had been severely handled by Early's Con- 
federate Division, but owing to the difhcult nature of the country- 
did not reach its destination till next morning. No further attack 
being offered, the Seventh joined with other troops in fortifying the 
position, but soon after dark began the movement to the rear and 
left which ended next afternoon at Spottsylvania. 

On reaching the latter place the advance of the Sixth Corps was 
at once thrown into line to assist a portion of the Fifth Corps which 
had already become engaged with the enemy, and at dusk a charge 
was made by Eustis's Brigade with other troops, routing the enemy 
and holding the captured position. The Seventh met a Georgia 
regiment which broke before the attack, leaving its colors, color 
guard and 32 men in the hands of the Seventh, the latter losing one 
killed, four wounded and two taken prisoners who were recaptured 
Avliile on their way to Richmond. During the two following days 
the regiment was busy intrenching, with skirmish firing and sharp- 
shooting constantly taking place, by which General Sedgwick, com- 
manding the corps, lost his life on the 9th. First Lieutenant Henry 
W. Nichols of Fall River died of wounds on the 12th. About this 
time a transfer removed General Eustis from the brigade, thence- 
forth commanded by Colonel Edwards of the Thirty-seventh. 

The regiment went on picket the 11th, remaining for two days, 
thus escaping the severe trial which came to the rest of the brigade 
at the " Angle " on the 12th. Being relieved on the 13th and re- 
joining the brigade, it rested till the following night, Avhen soon after 
midnight it began a movement through the forest to the left, finally 
going into position beyond the Fifth Corps, in which vicinity it re- 
mained for three days. At night of the 17th the corps moved back 
to the Landrum House and on the morning of the 18tli joined in 



ISO MASSACHUSETTS IN THE n'AE. 

an attack on the Confederate works. It was a hopeless undertak. 
ing and was easily repulsed, the Seventh losing six wounded. 

An immediate return was made to the left, where the regiment 
remained on duty till the withdrawal of Grant's army for another 
southward movement on the 21st. The North Anna river was 
reached and crossed on the 24th, and the men were at once set to 
work constructing rifle-pits, going on picket the next day beyond 
the railroad at Noel's Station, and on the 26th being advanced to 
the front near Little river. The regiment assisted in covering the 
withdrawal of the Union army on the 27th ; which being accom- 
plished it marched after the main body, reaching Hanover Court 
House by easy stages on the 29th and building more rifle-pits. On 
the 31st the Seventh were again sent on picket, and in that capacity 
covered the transfer of the Sixth Corps from the right of the army 
to the left, — it being ordered to Cold Harbor, to which place it 
made a forced march on the 1st of June. 

Arriving there during the afternoon, the regiment almost imme- 
diately took part in a demonstration in favor of the Vermont Bri- 
gade of the same division, which was in danger of being flanked, 
the loss to the Seventh being one killed and a few wounded. In 
the subsequent operations of the brigade at Cold Harbor the regi- 
ment had its arduous share, being engaged in the trenches night 
and day with occasional res]iitcs, losing men wounded almost daily 
by the picket firing. At night of the 12th the movement toward 
the James river began, the regiment marching 25 miles and cross- 
ing the Chickahominy during the next 21 hours. Two days later 
bivouac was reached on the bank of the James, when the term of 
service of the Seventh Regiment having expired it turned its steps 
toward Massachusetts. 

The recruits and rc-cnlisted veterans Avcre formed into a detach- 
ment and assigned to the Thirty-seventh Regiment, with which they 
Avere soon consolidated, while the remainder embarked on the trans- 
port steamer Key])ort at Wilson's Landing on the 16th. From Wash- 
ington on the following day train was taken to New York, where a 
day was passed, thence continuing to Taunton where an enthusias- 
tic greeting awaited the veterans at their arrival on the 20th. The 
men were at once furloughed till the 4th of July, when the regiment 
reassembled, took part in the celebration of the day, and on the 5th 
was formally mustered out. 



THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 



THE Eighth Regiment of Militia was one of the four to re- 
spond to the first call upon Massachusetts after the opening 
of hostilities at Fort Sumter, and like its associates, it did 
faithful and valuable service. Culoncl Miuiroc, whose head-quar- 
ters were at Lynn, received notification that the services of his 
command would be required at about the same time as the com- 
manding officers of the other regiments, and like them he was 
ready for the summons. 

The several companies were directed to report at once at Boston, 
and to Companies 13, C and H, all of Marblehead, is due the credit 
of being the first troops to reach the state capital in response to 
the call. They arrived soon after 8 o'clock on the morning of 
Ai)ril 16, 1861, and through the storm which was then raging 
marched to Fancuil Hall, cheered enthusiastically by the people 
who lined the streets. The regiment consisting of but eight com- 
j)anies, two others Avere attached to it before it left the state on the 
afternoon of the IStli — J and K, the latter joining the command at 
Springfield en route to Washington. Company J was a Zouave 
organization, belonging to the Seventh Regiment of Militia, while 
Company K of Pittslicld was drawn from the Tenth Regiment. 
As thus constituted, the Eighth numbered 705, and was ofiicered 
as follows : — 

Colonel, Timothy ^NEunroe; licntenaut colonel, Edward TT. Hincks, 
both of Lynn; major, Andrew Elwell of Gloucester; surgeon. Bow- 
man B. Breed; assistant surgeon, Warren Tapley. both of Lynn; chaj)- 
lain, Gilbert Haven of Maiden; adjutant, George Creasy of Xewbury- 
port; quartermaster, E, Alfred Ligalls; paymaster, Roland G. L'sher, 
both of Lynn; sergeant major, John Goodwin, Jr., of Marblehead; 
quartermaster sergeant, Horace E, Munroe of Lynn; drum major, 
Samuel Roads of Marblehead. 

Company A, Cushing Guards — Captain, Albert W. Bartlett; first 



1S2 2IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

lieutenant, George Barker; second lieutenant, Gamaliel Hodges; third 
lieutenant, Nathan W. Collins, all of Newburyport; fourth lieuten- 
ant, Edward L. Noyes of Lawrence. 

Company B, Lafayette Guard of Marblehead — Captain, Richard 
Phillips; first lieutenant, Abial 8. Eoads, Jr.; second lieutenant, Will- 
iam S. Roads; third lieutenant, William Cash. 

Company C, Sutton Liglit Infantry of Marblehead — Captain, Knott 
V. Martin; first lieutenant, Lorenzo F. Linnell; second lieutenant, 
John H. Haskell. 

Company D, Lynn — Captain, George T. Newhall; first lieutenant, 
Thomas H. Berry; second lieutenant, Elbridge Z. Saunderson; third 
lieutenant, Charles M. Merritt. 

Com]iany E, Beverly — Captain, Francis E. Porter; first lieutenant, 
John W. Raymond; second lieutenant, Eleazer Giles; third lieuten- 
ant, Albert Wallis; fourth lieutenant, Moses S. Herrick. 

Company F, City Guards of Lynn — Captain, James Hudson, Jr.; 
first lieutenant, Edward A. Chandler ; second lieutenant, Henry 
Stone; third lieutenant, Matthias N. Snow. 

Company G, American Guard of Gloucester — Captain, Addison 
Center; first lieutenant, David W. Low; second lieutenant, Edward 
A. Story; third lieutenant, Harry Clark. 

Company H, Glover Light Guard of Marblehead — Captain, Fran- 
cis Boardman ; first lieutenant, Thomas Russell ; third lieutenant, 
Nicholas Bowden; fourth lieutenant, Joseph S. Caswell. 

Company J, Salem — Captain, Arthur F. Dcvereux; first lieutenant, 
George F. Austin; second lieutenant, Ethan A. P. Brewster; third 
lieutenant, George D. Putnam. 

Company K, Allen Guard of Pittsfield — Captain, Henry S. Briggs; 
first lieutenant, Henry H. Richardson ; second lieutenant, Robert 
Bache. 

The regiment marched to the State House on the 18th and re- 
ceived its colors, being addressed by Governor Andrew and by Gen- 
eral Butler, who as the commander of the Massachusetts brigade 
was to accomi)any it to the front. Taking cars that afternoon and 
going by way of Worcester and Springfield, the Eighth reached 
New York the following morning, where it was enthusiastically 
greeted. On reaching Philadelphia that evening the news of the 
attack on the Sixth in Baltimore was received. After consultation, 
>among others with Samuel M. Felton, president of the Philadelphia 
and Baltimore railroad, wdio w^as a Massachusetts man, General 
Butler decided upon the route by w^ay of Perry ville and Annapolis. 
]\Ir. Felton and his associate officers made all the preparations pos- 
sible under the circumstances, coaling the ferry-boat Maryland at 
Annapolis and making her ready for the transportation of the 
reuinient. 



THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 183 

General Butler started with the Eijxhth at 3 o'clock on the after- 
noon of the 20th, and three hours later reached Pcrryville, going at 
once aboard the Maryland. Annapolis was reached next morning, 
the ferry-boat with its valiant freight anchoring nea'r the United 
States frigate Constitution, then in use as the school ship for 
the Naval Academy at that place. Two companies of the Eighth 
were placed on board the frigate to aid in her defense if an 
attempt should l)e made to capture her, and as soon as she could 
be floated she sailed for a more secure anchorage at New York. 
Com])any K was sent to Fort i\IcHenry, near Baltimore, where 
it served for some weeks. The remainder of the regiment were 
kept on board the ferry-boat for two days without water and 
with only the most miserable food, but were finally landed and at 
once set about the repair of the railroad from Annapolis to the 
Junction, which had been destroyed. After the mechanics of 
the regiment had repaired the road-bed, cars and engines, the 
Eighth, accompanied by the Seventh New York, marched on the 
24th to the Junction, 22 miles, and two days later reached Wash- 
ington, General Butler remaining at Annapolis in command of 
that then important post. 

The men of the Eighth having worn out their uniforms in the re- 
pair of the railroad and their other duties, were supplied with others 
by command of the President, and on the 30th, with the exceptfon 
of Lieutenant Herrick, Avho had been accidcntly wounded, were 
mustered into the national service. Remaining at Washington till 
the 15th of May, the regiment was then ordered to Relay House, a 
few miles from Baltimore, to guard the railroad, when Colonel 
Munroe, who was 60 years of age, resigned on account of sickness, 
being succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Edward W. Hincks ; Major 
Elwell was promoted to lieutenant colonel and Ben: Perley Poore 
of Newburyport was made major. The command remained at 
Relay House till the last of July, receiving in the mean time a 
new Hag, made by the ladies of Lynn. On the 29th orders were 
issued to report at Boston, where the regiment Avas mustered out 
on the 1st of August, having received the thanks of the national 
House of Representatives " for the energy and patriotism displayed 
by them in surmounting obstacles upon sea and land, which traitors 
had interi)osed to impede their progress to the defense of the na- 
tional capital." 



184 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

THE nine-months' TERM. 

Under the call of August 4, 1862, for 19,090 men from Massa- 
chusetts for nine months' service, the Eighth, as well as the other 
militia regiments of the- state, volunteered to save the Common- 
wealth from the necessity of a draft. It reported to Camp Lander 
in Wenham to be recruited to the maximum, and as the companies 
filled they were mustered — A, G and I on the 15th of September, 
D, E and E on the 19th, three more on the 1st of October, but H, 
made up from Si)ringfield and Boston, was not completed till the 
30th of the latter month. Orders to report to General Foster in 
North Carolina were received on the 7th of November, on which 
day most of the field and staff officers were mustered. Some 
names of those who had gone out a year before re-appeared in the 
roster, though many changes had occurred. The new list follows : — 

Colonel, Frederick J. Coffin of Newburyport ; lieutenant colonel, 
James Hudson, Jr., of Lynn; major, Israel W.Wallis; surgeon, Charles 
Haddock, both of Beverly ; assistant surgeon, John L. Robinson of 
Wenham ; chaplain, John C. Kimball of Beverly; adjutant, Benjamin 
F. Peach, Jr., of Marblehead ; quartermaster, Ephraim A. Ingalls; 
sergeant major, William A. Frazer, both of Lynn ; quartermaster ser- 
geant, Josepii A. Ingalls of Swampscott ; commissary sergeant, John 
B. Seward of Newburyport ; hospital steward, Horace R. Lovett of 
Beverly. 

Com]iany A, Newburyport — Captain, SteiDhen D. Gardiner ; first 
lieutenant, Joseph L. Jolmson ; second lieutenant. Charles P. Cutter. 

Company B, Marl)lehea(i — Captain, Richard I'liillips ; lirst lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin L. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Stuart F. McClearn. 

Company C, Marblehead — Cajitain, Samuel C. Graves ; tirst lieuten- 
ant, Lorenzo F. Linnell ; second lieutenant, Samuel Roads. 

Company D, Lynn — Captain and first lieutenant same as 1861 ; 
second lieutenant, William H. Merritt. 

Com])any E, Beverly — Ca])tain and second lieutenant same as 18G1; 
first lieutenant. Hugh J. Miinsey. 

Company F, Lynn — Captain, Henry Stone; first lieutenant, Matthias 
N. Snow; second lieutenant, George Watts. 

Company G, Gloucester — Captain, David W. Low; first lieutenant, 
Edward L. Rowe; second lieutenant, Samuel Fears. 

Company H — Captain, George R. Davis ; first lier.tenant, William 
J. Landen, both of Springfield ; second lieutenant, Christopher J. 
Plaisted of Boston. 

Company I, Lynn — Captain, Thomas Hebert ; first lieutenant. 
Charles B. Saunderson; second lieutenant, Jeremiah C. Bacheller. 

Company K, Dan vers — Captain, Albert G. Allen; first lieutenant, 
Edwin Bailey; second lieutenant, Benjamin E. Ncwhall. 



THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 185 

Preparations for departure were completed and the command left 
camp on the 2oth of November, going to Boston where it embarked 
on the steamer Mississippi and sailed that evening for its destina- 
tion. Morchead City was reached on the 30th, the regiment de- 
barked and proceeded by rail to Newbern, arriving there late in the 
evening and being assigned to the Second Brigade of General Fos- 
ter's Division, the other regiments of which were the Twenty-fourth 
and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode Island and Tenth 
Connecticut. The brigade was commanded by Colonel T. G. Steven- 
son of the Twenty -foui'th. The Eighth cam})cd on the Fair Grounds, 
in tents vacated by the Tenth, where they remained for two months. 
Early in December Companies A and E were detached from the 
regiment for duty at Roanoke Island, Captain Porter having com- 
mand of the post, and only rejoined the main body in time to return, 
to Massachusetts at the expiration of the term of service. 

■The regiment was detached from the brigade on the 9th of De- 
cember for garrison duty in the defenses of Newbern, the other 
troops of the command being about to take part in the expedition 
against Goldsboro, in supjiort of the operations of the Army of the 
Potomac at Fredericksburg. This position was held till the 28th, 
when the regiment was attached to the First Brigade, Second Divis- 
ion, under General Ileckman, then preparing for an expedition to 
South Carolina. Much to the mortification of all concerned, it was 
found that the Eighth, like the Third Massachusetts, were armed 
with a weapon so unreliable (the Austrian rifle) as to be condemn-ed 
by the inspecting officer. The regiment was therefore, with the 
Third Massachusetts, the One Hundred and Thirty-second and One 
Hundred and Fifty-eighth New York, formed into a brigade under 
command of Colonel James Jourdan of thelatter regiment, remaining 
at Newbern and being known as the Second Brigade, Fifth Division. 
The camp was soon after changed to the vicinity of Fort Totten, 
two companies being assigned to duty in the fort. 

Companies B and F were detailed on the Ttli of February, 1863,. 
to reinforce the two companies at Roanoke Island. The latter had 
on the 1st set out by steamer up Carrituck Sound for the purpose 
of destroying Confederate salt works and operating against guerril- 
las in the vicinity, but getting ice-bound were compelled to remain 
five days with but one day's rations, but accomplished their object 
and returned to the Island on the 6th with a loss of onlv two 



186 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

wounded. In a few days Company B was sent to reinforce the gar- 
rison at Elizabeth City, having subsequently numerous skirmishes 
with guerrilla bands, but losing only one man wounded. 

The four companies at Newbern took part on the 16th of March 
in an expedition toward Trenton, returning the next day, and on 
the 20th Colonel Coffin took command of the brigade. On the 8th 
of April the regiment took part in General Spinola's attempt to re- 
inforce General Foster at Washington, N. C, getting as far as 
Blount's creek and finding the enemy strongly posted. In the skir- 
mishing the Eighth lost one man wounded, after which the expedi- 
tion returned to camp, arriving at Newbern on the 12th. Company 
B rejoined the regiment on the 16th, Elizabeth City having been 
abandoned by the Union forces, and on the same day the command 
formed part of a reconnoitering force under General Prince, being 
absent from camp six days, feeling the.enemy's outposts and captur- 
ing a number of prisoners. 

Thenceforth the work of the regiment was of a routine character. 
On the 18th of May it changed its camp a short distance, naming 
the new location Camp Coffin in honor of its colonel, but a week 
later was ordered to Fort Thompson, five miles distant on the Neuse 
river, — a dismantled work which it was intended to reconstruct, but 
that purpose was abandoned and on the 12th of June the regiment 
returned to Newbern and passed the remainder of its time at Camp 
Jourdan. On the 24th the two companies at Fort Totten were re- 
lieved and reported to Colonel Coffin, the regiment on the same day 
embarking on the transports Highlander and Alliance, by which 
Fortress Monroe was reached three days later. On the 28th the 
command was ordered to Boston for muster-out, but before prepara- 
tions for departure could be completed the operations of General 
Lee's army threatening Baltimore caused the diversion of the regi- 
ment to that city. 

Reaching there on the 1st of July, and reporting to General 
Schenck, commanding the Middle Department, the Eighth were as- 
signed to the Second Provisional Brigade, commanded by General 
E. B. Tyler, taking up their quarters at Fort Bradford near the out- 
skirts of the city. On the 6th the regiment was transferred to the 
brigade of General H. S. Briggs, and next day took cars to Sandy 
Hook, Md., whence it made a night march in a storm to Maryland 
Hights. SlK)rtly before daylight the Eighth took possession of Fort 



THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 1S7 

Duncan and hoisted the Flag of the Union, remaining there till the 
12th, during which time the three companies from Roanoke Island 
rejoined the main hodj. That night the brigade marched to join, 
the Army of the Potomac, then confronting the Confederates in 
front of Williamsport, making 25 miles in 16 hours, and on reach- 
ing Funkstown was assigned to the Second Division, First Cori)s. 
For two weeks the regiment marched with the Union army in the 
southward }(rogress of the strategic struggle which ensued, reaching 
the Rappahannock river, where General Meade was directed to take 
up a strong })osition. During this campaigning the Eigl-th, though 
not engaged in battle, suffered much from the heat, the shortness 
of rations and their insufficient equipment for the service. 

The orders to return to Massachusetts for muster-out were re- 
peated on the 26th, and the regiment at once set out for home, 
.reaching Boston on the 29th, and was mustered out August 7. 

THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. 

One year later the Eighth Regiment was again called upon to 
serve the national government, this time for 100 days ; the com- 
panies were promptly lilled and mustered at different dates from the 
13th to the 21st of July, 1864, the field officers not being mustered 
till the 26th. Some of the nine-months' companies did not appear 
in the regiment as then organized, their places being filled by others 
from Ham})den and Berkshire counties. The roster of officers : — 

Colonel, Benjamin F. Peach, Jr., of Marblehead; lieutenant colonel, 
Christopher T. Hanley of Boston; major, David W. Low of Glouces- 
ter ; surgeon, John L. Robinson of Wenham ; assistant surgeon, 
Ebenezer Hunt of Danvers ; chaplain, John S. Sewell of Wenham; 
adjutant, Abram H. Berry of Lynn ; quartermaster, Joseph A. Ingalls 
of Swampscott; sergeant major, William N. Tyler of Melrose; quarter- 
master sergeant, William F. Sinclair of Marblehead; commissary ser- 
geant, Francis Locke, Jr., of Gloucester; hospital steward, Eieazer 
R. Burbank of Lowell ; principal musician, John H. Knight of 
Marblehead. 

Company A, Springfield — Captain, Lewis A. Tifft ; first lieutenant, 
Gideon Wells ; second lieutenant, Chauncey Hickox. 

Company B, Adams — Captain, Henry M. Lyons; first lieutenant, 
Eugene B. Richardson; second lieutenant, Frederick W. Champney. 

Company C, Marblehead — Captain and second lieutenant same as 
1863; first lieutenant, William Goodwin, 3d. 

Company D, Lynn — Captain, William H. Merritt ; first lieutenant, 
George E. Palmer; second lieutenant, William H. Keene, 



188 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company E, South Reading — Captain, Samuel F. Littlefield ; first 
lieutenant, Jason H. Knight; second lieutenant, James A, Burditt. 

Company F, Lynn — Captain and first lieutenant same as 18G2 ; 
second lieutenant, Josiah F. Kimball. 

Company G, Gloucester — Cai)tain,Edward L. Rowe; first lieutenant, 
George L. Fears; second lieutenant, Isaac N. Story. 

Company H, Springfield — Captain, William J. Landen; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles L. Wood; second lieutenant, John Thayer. 

Company I, Boston — Captain, Henry S. Shelton; first lieutenant, 
Thomas J. Hanley; second lieutenant, Andrew C. McKenna. 

Company K, Pittsfield — Captain, Lafayette Butler; first lieutenant, 
William D. Reed, second lieutenant, James Kittle. 

At 1 o'clock of the day that the organization of the regiment 
was completed it was ordered to leave Camp Meigs at Readville, 
where it had rendezvoused, and at once proceeded Washington ward. 
It went no further than Baltimore, however, where it reported to 
General Lew Wallace, in command of the Middle Department, and 
was assigned by him to the Third Separate Brigade, Eighth Corps, 
General H. H. Lockwood commanding. The Eighth went into camp 
temporarily at Mankin's Woods, and on the 31st of July were with 
the other troops in the vicinity reviewed by General Wallace. On 
the 12th of August Company B was detailed for duty at the hospitals 
and Companies A and K for provost guard duty in Baltimore ; 
while on the following day Companies D, E, G and H under Major 
Low reported for duty at Camp Bradford, near Baltimore, the draft 
rendezvous for ]\Iaryland and Delaware, — these details being to re- 
lieve troops of the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Ohio. Lieutenant 
Colonel Hanley was detailed upon a military commission. 

Three days later the rest of the regiment was ordered to guard 
the line of the Northern Central railroad, relieving the One Hun- 
dred and Ninety-third Pennsylvania. Head-quarters were estab- 
lished at Cockeysville, some 15 miles north of Baltimore, where 
Company C remained, while F and I were sent to stations five and 
ten miles further north. This arrangement continued till the 25th 
of September, when the comi)anies on the railroad were ordered to 
Camp Bradford and Colonel Peach took command of the draft 
rendezvous. This position he held till the 28tli of October, when 
the Baltimore com})anies rejoined the regiment in preparation for 
the return to Massachusetts which was made soon after, and on the 
10th of November the Eighth Regiment was for the third time 
mustered out of the United States service. 



THE NINTH REGIMENT. 



THE Ninth Regiment was among' tlie first formed for three 
years' service and was composed exclusively of men of Irish 
hirtli. It gathered at Camp Wightman on Long Island in 
Boston Harbor, early in May, 1861, and on the 11th of June most 
of the othcers and men were mustered into the government service 
though recruits were added subseijuently up to the time of depart- 
ure for the front. The original roster follows : — 

Colonel, Thomas Cass ; lieutenant colonel, Cromwell G. Rowoll, both 
of Boston ; major, Robert Peard of Milford ; surgeon, Peter Pmeo 
of Boston; assistant surgeons, Patrick A. O'Connell of Boston and 
Stephen W. Drew of Woburn; chaplain, Thomas Scully; adjutant, 
George W. Perkins ; quartermaster, John Moran ; sergeant major, 
William Strachan ; cpiartermaster sergeant, Thomas Mooney, all of 
Boston; commissary sergeant, Patrick W. Black of Portland, Me.; 
hospital steward. Reed B. Granger ; leader of band, Michael O'Con- 
nor, both of Boston. 

Company A, Columbian Volunteers of Boston — Captain, James E. 
Gallagher ; first lieutenant, Michael Scanlan ; second lieutenant, 
Michael F. O'Hara. 

Company B, Otis Guard of Boston — Captain, Christopher Plunkett; 
first lieutenant, Patrick T. Ilanley; second lieutenant, Patrick Walsb. 

Company C, Douglas Guard of Boston — Captain, William Madigan; 
first lieutenant, John W. Mahan ; second lieutenant, Edward Mc- 
Sweeney. 

Company D, Meagher Guard — Captain, Patrick R. Guiney ; first 
lieutenant, William W. Doberty, both of Roxbury; second lieutenant, 
John II. Ratferty of Somerville. 

Company E, Cass Light Guard of Boston — Captain, John R. Teague; 
first lieutenant, Michael II. McNamara; second lieutenant, Timotby 
F. Lee. 

Company F, Fitzgerald Guards of Salem — Captain, Edward Fitz- 
gerald ; first lieutenant, Timothy O'Leary; second lieutenant, Pbilii) 
E. Redmond. 

Company G. Wolfe Tone Guards — Captain, John Carey of Marlboro; 
first lieutenant, John M. Tobin ; second lieutenant, i^rcbibald Simp- 
son, both of Boston. 



190 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company H, Davis Guards of Milford — Captain, Jeremiah O'Neil ; 
first lieutenant, Thomas K. Roach; second lieutenant, Timothy Burke. 

Company I, McClellan Kifles of Boston — Captain, James E. Mc- 
Caiferty; first lieutenant, John H, Walsh ; second lieutenant, Eichard 
P. Nugent. 

Company K, Stoughton Irish Guards — Captain, George W. Button, 
first lieutenant, James F. McGunagle, both of Stoughton ; second 
lieutenant, John C. Willey of East Cambridge. 

t 

It 'was at first intended to designate this regiment as the Thir- 
teenth, but the method of numbering being changed it became the 
Ninth. On the 24th of June it was transported to Boston, where 
it was received by an enthusiastic procession of the Irish citizens 
and marched to the State House, where it was reviewed by Gover- 
nor Andrew and his staff, the governor presenting the state colors, 
after which a deputation representing the Irish citizens of Boston 
presented the national colors and a beautiful Irish flag. The follow 
ing day the regiment, having been recruited to the maximum, was 
ordered to Washington, sailed on the Ben De Ford, and arrived there 
on the 29th, going into camp on Ewart's Farm, about a mile from 
the city. Here the regiment was quartered till after the battle of 
Bull Run, when in anticipation of a Confederate attack on Wash- 
ington it was marched across the Potomac and took a position on 
Arlington Hights where it immediately set about the construction 
of a fortification known as Fort Cass, in honor of the colonel. In 
this position the Ninth remained, enjoying marked good health, till 
the following spring, during which time, as they were armed with 
the Springfield smooth-bore musket, they were drilled with especial 
reference to double-quick and other rapid movements with a view 
to fighting at close quarters. 

In the organization by brigades made by General McClellan 
August 4, the Ninth were made a part of General W". T. Sherman's 
brigade, the other members of the connnand ])cing the Fourteenth 
Massachusetts, Forty-first (DeKalb) New York and Fourth Michi- 
gan Regiments, with a battery of artillery and a company of cav- 
alry, both from the United States Army, 'i'his arrangement was 
only temporary, however, for on the 15th of October the Ninth be- 
came ])art of Morell's Brigade, Porter's Division, Army of the Poto- 
mac, the other regiments of the brigade being the Fourth New York, 
Thirty-third Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan. Generals Martin- 
dale and Butterfield commanded the other briirades of the division, 



TUB yiXTII REGIMENT. 191 

and the cavalry and artillery were attached to the division and not 
to the brigades. A few men Avere wounded on picket during the 
fall and winter, and numerous changes occurred in the roster of 
olliccrs. Lieutenant Colonel Rowell resigned October 23, Major 
Peard being promoted to fill the vacancy and Captain Guiney becom- 
ing major. The latter was in turn promoted to lieutenant colonel 
on the death from disease of Peard, which occurred January 27 
following, and Captain Hanley was advanced to the majority. 

In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the Penin- 
sular campaign of 1862 the Ninth Regiment formed a part of the 
Second Brigade, First Division, Third Corps. General Morell com- 
manded the brigade, General Fitz-John Porter the division and 
General Heintzelman the corps, the regiments associated with the 
Ninth in the brigade being the Fourteenth New York, Sixty- 
second Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan. Late in March, 1862, 
the regiment with its division was transported to Fortress Monroe, 
and encamped near the village of Hampton, taking part soon after 
in a reconnaissance in the direction of Yorktown. It shared in the 
operations against the latter place which began on the 4tli of April, 
though its part in the siege was not an active one. After the evacu- 
ation' of that stronghold General Porter's division was taken up the 
York river to West Point. Landing there on the 6th of May, it 
marched across country to the right bank of the Chickahominy 
river where it went into camp near Gaines Mills. During this time 
the Fifth Army Corps, commanded by General Porter, Avas organ- 
ized, of which General Morell's brigade became a part ; it still re- 
mained the Second Brigade, First Division, but General Morell took 
connnand of the division and the brigade was for a short time under 
the command of General Butterfield, by whom it was taken into the 
action at Hanover Court House, on the 27th of May. 

During the latter part of this engagement the Ninth Massachu- 
setts made a heroic charge over very difficult ground, pursuing the 
retreating enemy for a long distance; although under heavy fire for 
a portion of the time the loss of the command was light, being but 
one killed, 11 wounded, and one missing. The regiment then re- 
turned to its camp, where it remained until the 26th of June, when 
with the rest of the brigade, now commanded by General Charles 
Griffin, it moved to Mechanicsville and was slightly engaged in the 
action there. It returned to its camp at Gaines Mills in time for 



192 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the severe battle of the following day. It was at first posted on the 
creek near the mill, under especial orders to hold the enemy in 
check and prevent their crossing at that point. This was done, but 
a crossing being effe^^ted higher up stream the position was flanked 
and the regiment was compelled to fall back. Again it made a 
heroic stand and although forced back somewhat fought valiantly 
until relieved by other troops. The stubborn nature of its resist- 
ance is sufficiently attested by its losses, which during the series of 
engagements reached 29 killed, 152 wounded and 16 missing. 
Among the killed were Captains Madigan, Carey, O'Neil and Mc- 
Cafferty, First Lieutenant Richard B. Nugent, and Second Lieuten- 
ant Francis O'Dowd of Boston — while, saddest loss of all for the 
regiment, its gallant commander. Colonel Cass, received wounds 
from which he died on the 12th of July. 

The command crossed the Chickahominy during the night follow- 
ing, and next day with the rest of the army began the movement 
toward the James river. It was not again in action until the final 
battle of the campaign, at Malvern W\\\ on the 1st of July. At 
that time its division sustained and repulsed some of the most de- 
termined attacks by the Confederates, the front of the division being 
heavily covered by artillery, with the Ninth Regiment in support of 
Captain Edwards's battery of regulars. At the critical point of the 
conflict, when the guns were in danger of capture, the regiment ad- 
vanced and engaged the enemy, holding them in check and finally 
repulsing their attack after the endangered guns had been with- 
drawn. Again the loss of the Ninth was severe, 11 being killed, 
147 wounded and 22 missing. Among the slain were First Lieu- 
tenants Edward McSweeney and John II. Rafferty. During the 
night the entire army was withdrawn to Harrison's Landing, where 
it remained some six weeks. About this time Griffin's Brigade was 
strengthened by the addition of the Thirty-second Massachusetts. 

The exi)erience of the Ninth during the remainder of the year, 
while frequently arduous and trying, was, happily for the command, 
comparatively free from severe fighting. Beginning on the 14th of 
August, they marched down the Peninsula to Fortress Monroe, 
embarked from Newport News on the 20th, and landed at Acquia 
Creek the next day. Going to Fredericksburg by rail, the regiment 
lialtod there for a few days, marching up the Rappahannock to War- 
rcnton Junction, and thence to the vicinity of Manassas, where it 



rilE NINfll HE'; I ME NT. 193 

remained during the second battle of Bull's Run ; but the brigade 
was not actively engaged and the loss of the regiment was but five 
wounded. After the battle the Ninth took position near Chain 
Bridge, but presently returned to the old camp which they had left 
six months before to enter upon the campaign. The regiment re- 
mained there until the 12th of September, when it set out on the 
march for the Antietam, and was present at the Ijattle a few days 
later, but was in reserve throughout. It took part in the subse- 
quent movements of its corps, until the close of the Fredericksburg 
campaign under General Burnside as commander of the Army of 
the Potomac. In that battle it took no very active part, having one 
man killed and 27 missing. Up to this time numerous changes in 
commanders had taken place ; General Butterfield had succeeded 
General Porter, in charge of the Fifth Corps ; General Griffin had 
been promoted to the command of the First Division ; and Colonel 
Sweitzer of the Sixty-second was in command of the brigade ; Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Guincy had meantime been commissioned colonel of 
the Ninth ; Major Hanley and Ca|)tain Dutton had each been ad- 
vanced a step, to lieutenant colonel and major respectively. 

After the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment returned to its 
camp near Falmouth, where with the exception of a reconnaissance 
on the 30th of December, (when it marched 54 miles to Kelly's 
Ford and back in 21 hours,) it remained in winter quarters until the 
Chancellorsville campaign. Its good fortune, so far as engagements 
and casualties were concerned, continued during the year 1863. 
At Chancellorsville it was only engaged in skirmishing and lost but 
nine wounded. After that battle it returned again to the old camp 
where it remained quietly till the beginning of the movement cul- 
minating at Gettysburg. Upon that historic field the regiment was 
sent upon picket at the extreme Union left and in the duties of that 
position and skirmishing it was engaged during the battle, suffer- 
ing a loss of but one killed and three wounded. During the rest 
of the year the regiment shared in the various movements of the 
Army of the Potomac — the pursuit of Lee to Williamsport, the dis- 
appointment there at the escape of the Confederate army into Vir- 
ginia, and the various strategic movements back and forth between 
the Rapidan and the defenses of Washington, the brilliant engage- 
ment at Rappahannock Station, and the Mine Run campaign. All 
of these episodes, however wearisome they may have been, so far 



IS 14 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

as the regiment was concerned proved bloodless, except at Mine 
Run, where the loss was but two wounded. That campaign ended, 
the regiment returned to Bealton and went into winter quarters. 

Two officers of the Ninth died from disease during the year — 
First Lieutenant Mooney on the 17th of March and Second Lieuten- 
ant Philip E. Redmond September 17. During the autumn and 
early winter the serious losses which the regiment had sustained 
earlier in its history were partially repaired by the arrival of 488 
recruits and conscripts, making the nominal strength of the com- 
mand 769 at the close of the year 1863. 

The winter round of duties was a severe one. In addition to 
guarding the railroad and running a line of pickets to Freeman's 
Ford on the Rappahannock, the regiment had also to guard against 
the activity of Mosby's rangers, who kept the Union outposts con- 
tinually on the alert. An attack was made by them on the brigade 
head-quarters on the night of January 13,1864, but it was repulsed 
by a company of the Ninth under command of Captain O'Leary, 
and there were numerous attacks upon the railroad and bridges in 
the vicinity. Under these circumstances there were but 25 re- 
enlistments in the regiment during the winter. The reorganization 
of the Army of the Potomac for the spring campaign brought no 
change to Sweitzer's Brigade, it was still composed of the same 
regiments, and the brigade and division commanders were the same, 
General Warren being in command of the corps. 

The camp at Bealton was broken on the 30th of April, the regi- 
ment crossing the Ra})pahannock next day and halting near Brandy 
Station till the 3d of ^lay, when the active movement of the cam- 
paign began. The night of the 4th brought the Fifth Corps to 
Wilderness Tavern, and in that vicinity breastworks were thrown up 
the following morning in anticii)ation of an attack. It was not per- 
mitted the Ninth Regiment, however, to use the works which the 
men had constructed, for after their completion the brigade was 
ordered to advance beyond them and attack the Confederate position. 
This was bravely done and a fierce conflict took place in a small 
opening in front of the enemy's intrenchments where a section of 
artillery formed the center of a long continued struggle. Neither 
side succeeded in driving the other from the i)lain and the fight 
rased back and forth across it for a considerable time until General 
Griffni directed his troops to retire to their works. In this contest 



THE NINTH REGIMENT. 195 

the Ninth h)st 27 killed and a laru'e number wounded ; among the 
slain being Captains William A. Phclan and James W. McNamara, 
First Lieutenants Archibald Simpson and Nicholas C. Flaherty and 
Second Lieutenant Charles B. McGinnisken. Two others were killed 
during the following day but the regiment was not actively engaged. 
Colonel Guiney was wounded in the face on the 5th, and the com- 
mand of the regiment devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel Hanley. 

During the night of the 7th the brigade marched toward Spott- 
sylvania Court House and next day in the action at Laurel Hill the 
regiment had another baptism of lire, losing 10 killed, two others 
being added to the fatal list the following day, including Second 
Lieutenant James O'Niel. Again in the action of the 12th,'the regi- 
ment shared in the futile charge upon the Confederate position, 
leaving 12 more of its bravest dead in front of the hostile works. 
A proportionate number were wounded, but in none of these engage- 
ments is it possible, owing to the incomplete reports, to give the 
exact number — sufilice it to say that during the campaign the regi- 
ment had 50 killed and 202 were reported wounded, many of the 
latter fatally. 

From this time, although not heavily engaged, the Ninth shared 
in all the experiences of its corps, marching and skirmishing inces- 
santly ; now blundering through the dark forests at night in a futile 
effort to pierce the Confederate right near the Po river, moving 
thence to the North Anna, and later to Bethesda Church, maneuver- 
ing in that vicinity while the deadly operations to the left in front 
of Cold Harbor were going on. During this time the loss to the 
regiment was three killed and a few wounded. 

On the 10th of June the original term of enlistment of the regi- 
ment expired, its recruits and veterans were transferred to the 
Thirty-second Massachusetts Regiment of the same brigade, and on 
the following day the Ninth Regiment, its Avork faithfully and 
heroically done, embarked at White House Landing on the Pamun- 
kcy river for Washington. Thence cars were taken for Boston, 
where the regiment arrived on the 15th, meeting an enthusiastic re- 
ception, and on the 21st, on Boston Common, the organization was 
formally mustered out of service. Li the number of officers who 
gave their lives for their country — 18 — the Ninth Regiment was 
exceeded by no other from Massachusetts, and but three others lost 
an e(puil number. 



THE TENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Tenth Regiment was raised in the four western countieSy 
under the permission granted to Massachusetts, May 15, 1861, 
hy Secretary of War Cameron to raise six regiments for three 
years' service. Its rendezvous was at Hampden Park, Springfield, 
and it was largely composed of the companies of the Tenth Regi- 
ment, state militia, reorganized for active service. The various 
companies, already organized and proficient in drill, though not 
filled to the quota required by the national government, gathered at 
the camp on the 14th and 15th of June, two companies — one from 
Coleraine and one recruited on Hampden Park by Oliver Edwards 
of Springfield — being broken up to fill the ten selected to constitute 
the regiment. The command was soon ready for the muster, which 
was made June 21, 1861, by Captain Marshall of the United States 
Army, the roster of officers being as follows : — 

Colonel, Henry S. Briggs of Pittsfield; lieutenant colonel, Jefford 
M. Decker of Lawrence; major, William R. Marsh; surgeon, C. N. 
Chamberlain, both of Northtimpton; assistant surgeon, AVilliam Hol- 
brook of Palmer; chaplain, Frederick A. Barton; adjutant, Oliver 
Edwards, both of S])ringlield; quartermaster, John AV. Howland of 
North Adams ; sergeant major, Edward K. Wilcox of .Si)ringfield ; 
quartermaster sergeant, Elihu B. AVhittlescy of Pittsfield; hospital 
steward, Charles C. Wells of Northampton; leader of band, William 
D. Hodge of North Adams; principal musician, John L. Gaffney of 
Chicopce. 

Company A, Great Barriugton — Captain, Ralph 0. Ives; first lieu- 
tenant, James L. Bacon; second lieutenant, Henry L. Wilcox. 

Company B, Johnson Grays of Adams — Captain, Elisha Smart; first 
lieutenant, Samuel C. Traver; second lieutenant, Lewis W. Goddard. 

Company C.Northampton — Captain, Joseph I?. Parsons; first lieu- 
tenant, James H. Wethercll; second lieutenant, Flavel Sluirtleff. 

Company D, Pollock Guard of Pittsfield— Captain, Thomas W. 
Clapp; first lieutenant, Charles Wheeler; second lieutenant, Dwight 
Hubbard. 



THE TENTH REGIMENT. 197 

Company E — Captain, Fred Barton ; first lieutenant, Byron Porter, 
l)oth of Westfleld; second lieutenant, Wallace A. Putnam of Danvers. 

Company F, Springfield City Guard — Captain, Hosea C. LomI)ard; 
first lieutenant, Hinim A. Keith ; second lieutenant, George W. 
Bigelow. 

Company G, Greenfield Guards — Captain, Edwin E. Day; first lieu- 
tenant, George Pierce; second lieutenant, L. M. Kemington. 

Company H, Siielburne Falls — Captain, Ozro Miller; first lieuten- 
ant, Chandler J. Woodward; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Leland. 

Company I — Captain, John H. Clifford of Holyoke; first lieutenant, 
Joseph K. Newell of Springfield; second lieutenant, Joseph 11. Ben- 
nett of West Springfield. 

Company K, Westfield — Ca])tain, Lucius B. Walkley; first lieuten- 
ant, David M. Chase; second lieutenant, Edwin T. Johnson. 

The command was reviewed by Governor Andrew and staff on 
the 10th of July, and five days later was presented with state and 
national colors of unusual magnificence by the ladies of Springfield, 
the wife of General James Barnes making the presentation. Next 
day the regiment took cars for Medford, where in Camp Adams on 
the Mystic river it found very agreeable quarters, and perfecting 
itself in drill and discipline, remained till the 2oth. On that day, 
after a farewell address by ex-Governor Briggs, father of Colonel 
Briggs, cars were taken to Boston, and a few hours later the Tenth, 
occu])ying the steamers S. R. Spaulding and Ben De Ford, set sail 
for Washington. 

The national capital was reached on the 28th, and the debarkation 
took place at the navy -yard, where the men remained till the follow- 
ing day, when they marched to a temporary camp near Meridian 
Hill, which they occupied till the Gth of August. On that day, 
marching out some four miles from the city on the Seventh Street 
road, they joined General Darius N. Couch's Brigade of Buell's 
Division composed of the Seventh Massachusetts, Second Rhode 
Island and Thirty-sixth New York Regiments. In a day or two 
the camp was moved to a more favorable location near the residence 
of Francis P. Blair, being known as Brightwood. 

During the few weeks following Fort Massachusetts — afterward 
Fort Stevens — was built by details from the brigade and this 
work, with the usual drill, reviews and camp movements, consti- 
tuted the active service of the regiment during the autumn. The 
winter was passed at Brightwood, the command suffering somewhat 
from fevers ; and though orders were frequently issued, no move- 



198 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ment of consequence was made till the 10th of March, 1862, when 
the division, then commanded by General Keycs, marched to Pros- 
pect Hill in Virginia, 12 miles away, at the intersection of the Lees- 
burg and Manassas roads. The Confederates having retreated, the 
command returned on the 14th to Chain Bridge, stopping near Fort 
Marcy till the following day in a heavy storm, when they returned 
to the camp at Brightwood. 

After one or two futile efforts, the brigade marched on the 26th 
to Washington and took transportation for the Peninsula, the Tenth 
being accommodated in available corners of three or four vessels. 
The various sections having been disembarked at Hampton on the 
29th, the regiment marched to Newport News and encamped till 
the 4th of April, when it joined in the march toward Yorktown. 
The following day brought the Tenth to the vicinity of Warwick 
Court House, where it engaged in some skirmishing and maneuver- 
ing, but without serious engagement. Severe storms made the 
entire region a quagmire, and many of the men were sent out on 
details to construct corduroy roads and like service, while those re- 
maining engaged in picket and skirmish duty, enduring great hard- 
ships but making no progress. This exhausting routine continued 
till the evacuation of Yorktown, on the 4th of May, when orders 
for an immediate advance were received. Colonel Briggs, who had 
commanded the brigade for six or seven weeks, was now relieved 
by the assignment of (xcncral Devens to the brigade, and returned 
to lead his regiment. The Tenth, while not actively engaged at the 
battle of Williamsburg, on the 5th, were in support, first of Hooker 
and afterward of Hancock, marching on the morning of the 6th 
to Fort Magrudcr, which was found to be deserted, and in the vicin- 
ity of which the regiment camped till the 9th. During that day 
and the next they marched to Barhamsville, where another halt was 
made till the 13i h ; then 10 miles further, to New Kent Court House, 
where for three days the regiment was on picket duty. Then began 
another scries of slow advances, which continued without notable 
event till the 25th, when Seven Pines was reached, seven and a half 
miles from Richmond. On the 29th another advance of a mile was 
made, to a position just in the rear of Casey's Division, which on 
that part of the field formed the front line of the Federal army. 
Here, two days later, the Tenth had their first severe test of battle. 

Soon after noon of the 31st the attack on Casey's Division began. 



I 



THE TEXrn REGIMENT. 199 

the battle of Fair Oaks. The Tenth were scarcely under arms 
when the broken Union battalions began to drift past them to the 
rear, and the regiment was ordered forward a quarter of a mile to 
some rifle-pits, but the position was not favorable, and after suffer- 
ing some loss it moved still farther to the front, taking up a 
position from which it was presently driven by a flank movement 
of the enemy. Falling back to its camp, the regiment again ad- 
vanced to the ritle-})its, and moving further to the right engaged the 
foe with great spirit. Here it suffered severely, Colonel Briggs 
being badly wounded, and the command devolving upon Captain 
Miller, the senior othcer present. The latter handled the regiment 
with great ability and gallantry, holding the enemy in check till 
darkness and the coming of reinforcements saved the Union line 
from further disruption. The loss of the Tenth was heavy, being 
27 killed and 95 wounded, six fatally. Among the killed were 
Captains Smart and Day and Lieutenant Lcland. General Devens, 
commanding the brigade, was also severely wounded, and was tem- 
porarily succeeded by General I. N. Palmer. 

Following the battle the Tentli remained in or near their old 
camp for nearly a month, Major Marsh resigning meantime and 
Captain Miller receiving a merited promotion to the vacancy. On 
the 25th of June the division was massed on the old battle-field, 
while the skirmishers pressed the enemy in front, and when the 
jtosition of the Confederates had been determined Palmer's Brigade 
was ordered forward and took up a position within musket shot, 
where all the afternoon and the night following a sharp fire of small 
arms and artillery was kept up. Retiring from their advanced posi- 
tion in the early morning, next day saw them on duty in the rear 
of Porter's Corps, which Avas fighting the battle of Gaines IMills, and 
on the 28th the regiment made its first retrograde march in the 
"chanu'c of base" to the James river. Next mornim;: it aided in 
repelling a cavalry dash down the New Market road ; and after 
waiting till late in the afternoon marched all night, reaching 
HaxalFs on the James river on the morning of the 30th. 

That evening the regiment moved to Malvern Hill, where the 
Army of the Potomac was concentrated to meet the pursuing enemy, 
and took a highly creditable part in the desperate fighting of the 
1st of July, Twice was its position fiercely charged by the Con- 
federates, and each time the assailants were driven back with heavy 



200 JtlASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

loss ; on the first occasion the Tenth and the Thirty-sixth New- 
York — all that were present of the brigade — making a gallant coun- 
ter-charge and establishing their lines some distance in advance of 
the former position. Of the 400 taken into action, 10 were killed 
and over 70 w^ounded. Major Miller w^as shot through the neck, 
and when the army retreated that night to Harrison's Landing, he 
with all the severely wounded was left behind and was taken by the 
Confederates to Richmond, where he died a few days later. Second 
Lieutenant Napoleon P. A. Blais of North Adams died of fever at 
the Landing on the 11th of July. Lieutenant Colonel Tiall of the 
Second Rhode Island was temporarily assigned to the command of 
the Tenth, being relieved August 21 by Captain J. B. Parsons's pro- 
motion to lieutenant colonel, vice Decker resigned. 

The march to Yorktown began on the IGth of August, occupying 
five days, and in the vicinity of that historic town the regiment as 
a part of Couch's Division remained some ten days longer, while 
the remainder of the army took transportation back to Alexandria. 
At this time .Dexter F. Parker of Worcester was commissioned 
major of the Tenth Regiment, — an appointment which was received 
with much disfavor by the line officers, and subsequently led to 
serious trouble. Embarking on the steamer Key West on the 29th, 
the regiment reached Alexandria September 1, where it was joined 
by its new" commander, Colonel Henry L. Eustis of Cambridge. 

Orders Ave re received that afternoon to move to Fairfax Court 
House, to assist General Pope's retreating army, but having marched 
part way the orders w^ere countermanded, and on the 3d the com- 
mand reached Chain Bridge, where it bivouacked for a day or two. 
The movement to meet Lee in Maryland began the 5th, the regi- 
ment crossing the bridge in the afternoon and marching toward 
Poolesville, proceeding by slow marches till the 14th, when the 
Sixth Corps forced the passage of Crampton's Gap at Burkittsville^ 
the Tenth not being engaged. An attempt to reach Harper's Ferry 
next day in time to assist the imperiled garrison failed, the latter 
surrendering l)efore they could be reached, and on the ITtli the 
Tenth, with the rest of the division, which had remained in the 
vicinity of the Ferry, were ordered to the battle-field of Antietam, 
which they reached that evening after the close of the lighting. On 
the 20th the regiment took part in driving a force of the enemy 
across the river at Williamsport, and three days later went into 



THE TENTH BEGUIENT. 201 

camp with the rest of the brigade near Downsville, where a season 
of comparative rest was enjoyed. 

As a result of the assignment of Major Pari^er to the regiment, 
11 of the line officers resigned their commissions on the 27th of 
^September, comprising nearly all the original number remaining in 
service ; they were placed under arrest, court-martialed, and after 
some delay dismissed the service. It was not till January, however, 
that the vjacancies thus caused were filled by promotions in the regu- 
lar order. Meantime the Tenth had taken part in the expedition 
to Hancock and the dreary sojourn at Cherry Run ; returning to 
camj) in time to set forth n})on the Fredericksburg campaign, having 
a full share in the hardships of the preliminary marches, and bear- 
ing an honoraljle part in the gallant services of the brigade in lead- 
ing the advance across Franklin's bridges and in covering the re- 
treat of the left grand division after the disheartening termination 
of that contest. They shared the common fortunes of the brigade in 
the winter quarters which followed between Falmouth and White 
Oak Church, the monotonous round of picket and camp duty being 
broken by the "Mud march" which began January 20 and came to 
an inglorious end three or four days later. 

Colonel Browne of the Thirty-sixth New York succeeded to the 
command of the brigade April 21, on the assignment of General 
Devens to command a division of the Eleventh Corps, and on the 
28th the preparations which had for some time been carried on 
reached the marching point, and the regiment set forth to take its 
share in the Chancellorsville campaign. Feints and maneuvering 
occupied most of the time till evening of the 2d of May, when the 
river was again crossed and during the night tlie division made its 
way from Franklin's Crossing of the previous December to the city 
of Fredericksburg, but was unable in the darkness to storm the 
bights in the rear, which were strongly held by the enemy. 

When the arrangements for charging the hights were being made 
the next forenoon, the Tenth were sent to the right in co-operation 
with Gibbon's Division of the Second Corps, to divert the attention 
of the enemy, and suffered considerable loss ; but a greater service 
Avas rendered in the afternoon at Salem Church, when coming into 
action at an important crisis they engaged the enemy at close quar- 
ters and did valiant service in averting the threatened disaster to 
the Union arms. Colonel Browne having been dangerously wounded, 



202 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the command of tlie brigade devolved upon Colonel Eustis, leaving' 
IMajor Parker in command of the regiment till the return of Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Parsons from a sick leave a Aveek later. The loss 
of the regiment during the day was 10 killed and 5(3 wounded. 
Holding an advanced position during the following day, a retreat 
was made to and across the Rappahannock that night and three 
days later a return to camp near the scene of the winter quarters. 

" Camp Eustis " was quitted early in the morning of Jime 5, and 
the regiment took an active part in the skirmishing and fatigue duty 
connected with the reconnaissance of the Sixth Corps across the 
river, which continued till the night of the 13th, Avhen the forces 
were withdrawn and commenced the northward march in search of 
Lee's invading army. Halting on the 18th at Fairfax Court House 
the time was passed in that vicinity and at Centerville till the morn-_ 
ing of the 26th, when the wonderful series of marches which ende( 
at Gettysburg in the afternoon of July 2 was begun. The brigade 
being in reserve, though doing much marching back and forth alon^ 
the line and frequently exposed to fire, the Tenth lost but one mai 
killed and three wounded during the battle. The pursuit of Lee'^ 
retreating army brought the regiment to Funkstown on the 12tl 
where it confronted the enemy's outposts, and two days later ar 
advance showed that Lee's army was again in Virginia. 

In the strategic campaign which followed the Tenth bore theii 
full share of marching, maneuvering and routine duty. On the 
25th Warrenton was reached, after a side excursion the day previous 
to Manassas Gap, where the regiment did not arrive in time to take 
part in the little engagement which called it from the direct line oj 
march. Near Warrenton, with no more exciting duty than guarding 
against sudden dashes of the enemy's cavalry and guerrillas, the 
time passed till the 15th of September. On that day and the on^ 
ensuing the regiment crossed the Rappahannock and the Tappahanj 
nock rivers, going to Stone House Mountain, where it remained till 
the 1st of October, when the division was distributed along the rail-j 
road, the Third Brigade at Rappahannock Station, the First at Cat 
left's and the Second I>rigade — in which was the Tenth — at Bristoe'e 
Station. Remaining there till October 13, the regiment marchec 
to the front at Warrenton Junction, to cover the retreat of the army, 
now falling ])ack towai-d Centerville, and on the 14th Meade's entire 
command was concentrated near the latter place anticipating battle. 



THE TENTH REGIMENT. 203 

But the field of Chantilly was not to receive another baptism of 
blood; Lee retired and Meade followed, the 20th of October finding 
the regiment again in camp at Warrenton, when another period of 
inaction ensued. The Tenth marche'^ on the morning of November 
7 to Rappahannock Station, where during the preliminary operations 
it was detached from its own brigade and joined to General Shaler's. 
While supporting a battery it lost two men mortally wounded,* but 
was not actively engaged in the brilliant capture of the Confederate 
works which followed. After doing some outi^ost and fatigue duty 
the regiment on the 12th marched to Brandy Station and encamped 
till the preparations were completed for the Mine Run expedition. 
In the discomforts of that futile enterprise, lasting from the 2(jtli 
of Novem!)er to the 3d of December, it had a full share, l)ut was 
not engaged in such conflict as took })lace, and on the latter date 
returned to its former camp at Brandy Station. 

Winter quarters followed, unbroken for some months by any event 
I of military importance. Toward the close of December something 
over 100 members of the regiment re-enlisted for three years' ad- 
ditional service, receiving furloughs of 35 days and large bounties. 
The winter routine was broken on the 26th of February, 1804, by 
j the march to Madison Court House in support of a raid ma^e by 
[ Kilpatrick's cavalry, — a disagreeable journey through a severe 
i storm, which was ended on the 2d of March by a return to camp. 
1 The reorganization of the army and the preparation for the spring* 
i campaign now followed, and the regiment broke camp for the last 
I time soon after midnight on the morning of May 4. 

The Tenth Regiment was among the first of the Sixth Corps en- 
gaged in the battle of the Wilderness. The brigade formed the 
right of General Getty's line on the Plank road near the Brock, the 
Tenth connecting with Wheaton's Brigade and the Second Rhode 
Island forming the extreme right of the Federal front line, these 
two regiments being supported respectively by the Seventh and 
Thirty-seventh. Deploying two of its companies as skirmishers. 
the regiment advanced at the signal till the enemy's main line was 
encountered, the thicket being so dense that the movement had to 
be made by the right of comi)anies to the front. A terribly stul)- 
born infantry contest at once ensued, the opposing lines pouring 
into each other a deadly fire for a long time at short range. Both 
suffered severely. The Rhode Island regiment, being flanked, was 



204 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. 

obliged to fall back, its })lacc being taken by the Thirty-seventh, but 
the men of the Tenth emptied their cartridge-boxes Ijefore giving 
place to the Seventh, losing two gallant officers killed — First Lieu- 
tenant William A, Ashley of West Springfield and Second Lieu- 
tenant Alfred E. Midgley of Spencer. The following day the 
regiment w^as less closely engaged, though suffering some loss, and 
that night set out for the right of the Union line, where the other 
divisions of the corps under General Sedgwick had been doing 
Taliant service. 

The Tenth were not further engaged, however, till the opening 
of the fight at Spottsylvania, on the 8th, when having taken posi- 
tion on the left of the Fifth Corps troops confronting the enemy, 
they assisted in repelling several attempts of the foe to force them 
liack, passing a night of incessant alarm and danger. During the 
following three days there was continued skirmishing and maneu- 
vering, but no serious engagement. The 12th of May witnessed the 
terrible struggle at the "Angle," — one of the most obstinate con- 
tests known to the war, — and in that engagement the Tenth had 
an important and honorable share. Shortly after daylight that 
morning the regiment was advanced to the works captured by Gen- 
eral Hancock shortly before, and which the Confederates made 
desperate efforts to recapture, and at once became engaged, main- 
taining a stubborn contest almost without cessation for nearly 
twenty-four hours, in the midst of a heavy rain-storm, expending 
some 300 rounds of ammunition per man ; at times the fight was 
so close that the opposing forces occupied the different sides of the 
same works and fought over them with muskets and bayonets. In 
this action Major Parker received wounds from which he died dur- 
ing the day, while of the other officers wounded. Captain James 11. 
Wetherell died on the 26th of June and First Lieutenant Alanson 
E. Munyan of Northampton on the 21st of May. 

The Sixth Corps Avas moved to the left of the Union line on the 
14th, in the search for a vulnerable ])oint in the o])posing lines, and 
on the 17th the Tenth, followed by the Tliird Vermont, made a re- 
connaissance of several miles, ])ushing back the Confederate cavalry 
and finding their main line impregnably located. Returning from 
this expedition the regiment marched that night back to the posi- 
tion near the Angle from which next morning the assault was to 
be made — known as the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, in 



THE TENTH REGIMENT. 205 

distinction from the other engagements in that region. The brigade, 
now commanded by Colonel Edwards, formed the second line in the 
advance, but Wheaton's Brigade soon moved by the flank uncover- 
ing it, when the regiment forced its way through a terrible fire into 
the enemy's pits. After suffering from a short range artillery fire 
for some time the command was withdrawn, the Tenth having lost,, 
besides a considerable number of wounded and prisoners, First 
Lieutenant Edwin R. Bartlett of Springfield killed. The casualties- 
in the regiment from the opening of the Wilderness campaign up to 
that time had amounted to 186, of whom 53 had been killed or 
mortally wounded. 

In Grant's continued movement by the left flank, confronting the 
foe at the North Anna on the 24th and at Hanover Town on the 
28th, skirmishing at Peake's Station on the 30th, the Tenth had 
known no rest when early in the morning of the 1st of June it was 
put in motion for the sanguinary field of Cold Harbor. The hot 
day proved very trying on the march, but soon after reaching the 
battle-field the brigade, which protected the Federal left flank, was- 
called into action to repel a flanking movement by the enemy, and 
for ten days there was little cessation from the continued exposure,, 
skirmishing and sharp-shooting which constantly thinned the ranks 
Avhich had become so sadly depleted. The regiment was in the sup- 
porting line on the 3d, when the futile Union assault was made, and 
was not closely engaged during the entire operations on that field ; 
but suffered a loss of over twenty in killed and wounded — largely 
from the enemy's sharp-shooters. 

On the night of the 12th of June the Tenth were placed on the 
picket line covering the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac 
for a continuation of the move by the left flank, following next 
morning and rejoining the brigade on the 14th. On the 15th they 
assisted in covering the crossing of the James river, marching all 
night of the 16th and through the 17th, arriving in sight of Peters- 
l»urg, being at once ordered forward in support of the picket line, 
and on the 18th taking part in the advance against the Confed- 
' crate position, being in the second line and losing seven wounded. 

The regiment was relieved from duty at the front on the evening 
^of the 10th and retired to a position near corps head-quarters, from 
■which it set out the following day for home ; but while waiting for 
the necessary arrangements to be made a shell from the enemy 



206 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

killed Sergeant Major Policy. The recruits and re-enlisted men 
whose terms of service had not expired were transferred to a de- 
tachment connected with the Thirty-seventh regiment, — then the 
only regimental organization left to the brigade, — and subsequently 
were consolidated with that command. The remainder left City 
Point on the mail boat the 21st, reached Washington next day, and 
arrived at Springfield the 25th, where an enthusiastic reception was 
accorded the veterans. Five of the companies were mustered out 
of service on the 1st of July, and the remainder on the 6tli, closing 
a record of which the organization might well be proud. 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Eleventh Regiment was the third in the state to be mus- 
tered I'oi' tliree years' service, many of its members enlisting 
at a public meeting held at the hall of the Everett Associa- 
tion in lM)ston soon after the news of the firing on Sumter was re- 
ceived. The leading sj)irit in its organization was Major George 
Clark, Jr., of the militia, and as the command was principally made 
up of the clerks and mechanics of the city, it was known as the 
" IJoston Yolunteers." The building at 179 Court Street was used 
as quarters until eight companies were filled, when the regiment 
was ordered to Fort Warren and recruited to the United States 
standard, occupying quarters at the fort May 9, 1861. The muster 
took place on the 13th of June, Captain Marshall of the United 
States army ofticiating, detachments to bring the regiment up to 
the maximum being added later. The roster of olficers was as fol- 
lows, Boston being the residence unless otherwise designated : — 

Colonel, George Clark, Jr., of Dorchester ; lieutenant colonel, 
WilliumBlaisdell ; major, George P. Tileston; surgeon, Luther Y. Bell 
of Somerville ; assistant surgeon, John W. Foye ; chaplain, Elisha F. 
Watson ; adjutant, Brownell Granger; (puirtermaster, J. Frank Lakin; 
sergeant major, William B. Mitchell ; quartermaster sergeant, Henry 
Page; couiniissary sergeant, I'eter II. Haskell; hospital steward, 
Robert E. Jameson ; leader of band, Azel P. Brigbam of Salem. 
■ Coni]iany A — Captain, Maclelland Moore ; first lieutenant, Thomas 
i G. Bowden ; second lieutenant. Jt)hn II. Whitten. 

Company B, Paul Revere Guard — Captain, John Henry Davis ; 
first lieutenant, IMelzar Dunbar ; second lieutenant, Frank Hayes. 
I _ Company C, Clark Light Guard — Captain, Porter 1). Tripp ; first 
tlieutenant, Alonzo Coy ; second lieutenant, Timothy 1'eatfe. 
I Company D — Captain, John W. Butters of Boston ; first lieutenant, 
Malcolm Graham ; second lieutenant, Charles H, De Lord, both of 
North Woburn. 

Com])any E — Captain, James R. Bigelow ; first lieutenant, William 
A.. Clark ; second lieutenant, William E. Farwell. 



208 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company F — Captain, Leonard Gordon ; first lieutenant, James W. 
McDonald of North Woburn ; second lieutenant, Simeon P. Currier. 

Company G — Captain, William C. Allen; first lieutenant, Edwin 
Humphrey of Hingliam ; second lieutenant, Joseph P. Myers of East 
Boston. 

Company H, Sanford Light Guard — Captain, Selden Page of Leo- 
minster ; first lieutenant, Charles Henry Colburn ; second lieutenant^ 
George W. Caleff. 

Company I, Bunker Hill Volunteers — Captain, Benjamin F. Wright; 
first lieutenant, John C. Eobertson ; second lieutenant, Albert M. 
Gammell, all of Charlestown. 

Company K — Captain, Benjamin Stone, Jr. ; first lieutenant, Will- 
iam Y. Munroe; second lieutenant, John T. Sweet, all of Dorchester. 

Two days after being mustered in, the regiment embarked on two 
steamers and was transported to Boston, marched through the city 
and Charlestown, receiving ovations and many attentions en route,, 
to North Cambridge, where it occupied Camp Cameron, which had 
recently been evacuated by the First Regiment. Here the men 
were placed on army rations, and much attention was given to per- 
fecting the command in discipline and soldierly duties. On the 
28th a flagstaff was erected at the camp, and the regiment was pre- 
sented with state and national colors,— the latter the gift of Mrs. 
E. H. Sanford, for whom Company H w^as named. Next day wit- 
nessed the departure of the command for Washington, by way of 
the Old Colony Railroad and steamer from Fall River to New York^ 
where on the forenoon of the 30th the Sons of Massachusetts ten- 
dered a welcome and an ovation. Going thence by the steamer Kil 
Von Kil to Elizabethport, cars were taken for Washington, via Har- 
risburg. At Baltimore the order to load with ball cartridges was 
given, in memory of the reception met by the Sixth the previous 
April ; but this time there was no molestation, and the command 
marched through the city to the music of Gilmore's band, Wash- 
ington w^as reached on the 3d of July, and the regiment camped at 
Camp Sanford on the Treasury Grounds. There it remained for 
ten days, attracting much attention, when it was ordered across the 
Potomac, marching on the morning of the 14th to Alexandria, 
where with the Fifth Massachusetts, Fourth Pennsylvania and First 
Minnesota Regiments, and Ricketts's Battery of the First United 
States Artillery, it formed the First Brigade, Third Division, Mc- 
Dowell's army. Colonel W. B. Franklin commanding the brigade 
and Colonel S. P. Heintzelman the division. 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 209 

The camp on Shiiter's hill, near Fort Ellsworth, was quitted on 
the afternoon of the 16th of .July, when the forward movement to 
Bull Run bejran, the regiment marching with little more than an 
hour's rest till late the following day, though the way was so much 
obstructed that the bivouac was made near Sangster's Station, west 
of Fairfax. Starting late in the afternoon of the 18th and marching 
during the evening the brigade arrived at Centerville, where it re- 
mained till the morning of the 21st, when it -moved through the 
Tillage and about noon reached the field of battle. After having 
been for a time under fire the Eleventh were ordered to the support 
of Ricketts's Battery, but the latter was soon disabled by the Con- 
federate fire. After its retreat the regiment took a position on a 
hill to which it had been directed, and remained till the general re- 
treat began, when it, too, was forced from the field, having suffered 
a loss of 88 ; 15 of whom were killed, six mortally wounded, 30 
missing and 37 wounded. Most of the wounded fell into the hands 
of the enemy, including Lieutenant Bowdcn, who died of his wounds 
at Richmond. Captains Gordon and Allen, the former severely 
wounded, were also made prisoners. 

After the battle the Eleventh returned to the camp at Shuter's 
hill, where it remained till the 9th of August, when it was ordered 
to Bladensburg, Md., and joined General Hooker's Brigade, the 
other regiments of which were the First Massachusetts, Second New 
Hampshire and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania. At the reorganization 
of the Army of the Potomac into divisions, two months kitcr, the 
First Michigan Regiment was added to the brigade, which became 
the First Brigade of Hooker's Division. About this time many 
changes occurred in the I'oster of otfieers. Colonel Clark resigned 
from the 11th of October, owing to ill-health, the lieutenant colonel 
and major being promoted in regular course and Captain Tripp l)e- 
coming major. Surgeon Bell having been promoted to brigade sur- 
geon, (in which capacity he died of disease February 11, 1862,) Ira 
Russell of Xatick was commissioned surgeon, dating from August 
27, 1861. Late in October the regiment, with its brigade, marched 
to near Budd's Ferry, 45 miles below Washington on the Maryland 
shore of the Potomac, where in picket duty, watching the Confede- 
rate batteries on the op})osite shore, and taking part in an occasional 
expedition of no great importance, the winter passed. 

During a considerable part of the winter Colonel Cowdin of the 



210 2IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

First Massachusetts commanded the brigade, but on the 5th of 
April, 1862, when it embarked for the Peninsuhx, it was under 
command of General Henry M. Naglee, and known as the Second 
Brigade, Hooker's Division, Heintzelman's (Third) Corps. Gen- 
eral Naglee was soon succeeded in the command of the brigade 
by General Cuvier Grover, when it again became the First Bri- 
gade. The regiment encamped before Yorktown on the 12th of 
April, taking part in the siege which followed, and with Hooker's 
Division joining in the pursuit of the Confederate army on the 
4th of May. 

The Eleventh was one of the first regiments to become engaged 
in the battle uf Williamsburg on the 5th. About 5 o'clock in the 
morning it took position on the right of the Second New Hamp- 
shire, and with two companies deployed as skirmishers advanced 
to short range of the enemy's works, holding the position till half- 
past 9. It was then withdrawn and with another regiment was 
moved to the right and rear through the woods in search of nn^ 
bodies of the enemy which might threaten the flank in that direc- 
tion. Finding no foe, Colonel Blaisdell led his command back to 
its former position, and about half-past 3 was ordered to the left to 
meet a flanking movement in that direction. The regiment at once 
became engaged and held its position till relieved by fresh troops. 
Its loss in this battle was seven killed, 59 wounded and one miss- 
ing, and for its gallant conduct in the engagement it received from 
Governor Andrew a new regimental color. 

At the battk; of Fair Oaks the Eleventh were not engaged, but 
at Oak Grove, on the 25th of June, they performed valiant duty on 
the skirmish line, advancing in the face of a very heavy fire, but 
fortunately with a loss of only 18 wounded. In none of the re- 
maining battles of the Peninsular campaign did the regiment take 
a jirominent part, though often under fire and having a few men 
wounded. It went into camp at Harrison's Landing after the battle 
of Malvern Hill, and took part in the reconnaissance of August 5 
to that i)oint, and in the resulting skirmish. On the 15th it marched 
from IIarris(jn's Landing for Yorktown, embarking thence for Alex- 
andria and reaching the latter place on the 23d. Encamping there 
till the evening of the 25th, the regiment took cars and early next 
morning reached Warrenton Junction, moving on the 27th to Cat- 
lett's Station, coming under arlillcry lire of the enemy who were 



I 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 211 

being driven from that i)lacc, by which one man of the Eleventh 
was ■wounded while in support of a battery. 

On the 28th the command marched to join in the impending 
Second Bull Run battle, and next morning confronted the enemy 
on the field where it had fought more than a year before. It was 
not called into action, however, till the middle of the afternoon, 
when Grover's Brigade was directed to charge the Confederate 
lines in front, the Eleventh being the battalion of direction. The 
regiment at once moved across a wide field and through a piece of 
woods beyond in which the enemy's first line was met and routed. 
The second line was encountered behind a railroad embankment 
some ten feet high, from which a deadly fire was delivered and the 
regiment hesitated, but a moment later climbed the embankment, 
fought hand to hand over its crest, and presently sent the defenders 
flying from that strong position. Still advancing, the regiment and 
the brigade encountered a strong line of rebels and an enfilading 
fire which threw the shattered line into confusion and rendered any 
further advance impossible. The entire brigade fought bravely and 
lost heavily. The Eleventh lost, out of 283 taken into action, ten 
killed, 77 wounded and 25 missing, all within 20 minutes. Among 
the slain were Lieutenant Colonel Tileston and First Lieutenant 
William R. Porter of Boston, and Captain Stone was mortally 
wounded, dying on the lOtli of Sej)tember. Most of the wounded 
and all of the killed were left behind when the regiment fell back 
to the position from which it had been ordered to charge many times 
its own number, strongly posted and awaiting the assault. During 
the next day the regiment moved to different points on the field, 
finally falling back to Centerville, where it remained till the 1st of 
September, when it marched to the vicinity of Fort Lyon and on 
the 3d went into camp. The vacancy caused by the death of Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Tileston was filled b}^the promotion of Major Tripp, 
Captain James W. McDonald being commissioned major. 

The regiment remained in its camp near Alexandria till the first 
of November, engaged in strengthening the Washington defenses. 
It then marched by easy stages to Warrenton Junction, where it 
arrived on the 9th and formed part of a provisional brigade, com- 
manded by Colonel Blaisdell. Remaining there till the 18th, it 
then moved back by Avay of Manassas and Fairfax, encamping 
on the 22d at Wolf Run Shoals. It joined on the 2oth in the 



212 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

march to Falmouth, near which it arrived on the 28th. The bri- 
gade — to which the Eleventh New Jersej' Regiment had been added — 
was at that time commanded by General J. B. Carr and the divisi;)n 
by General Sickles. At the battle of Fredericksburg the Eleventh 
were not engaged, and suffered a loss of but two men wounded. 
Crossing at General Franklin's bridges at night of the 12th of 
Peccmber, they were detailed to guard the bridges for 24 hours, 
after which they rejoined the division at the front, remained there 
till the army recrossed to the Falmouth shore, and then returned to 
their old camp. 

The regiment took part in the " Mud j\[areli " of January 20-23, 
1863, and afterward reoccupied its former camp till the opening of 
the Chancellorsville campaign, with the exception of a detail Feb- 
ruary 5 to support a cavalry reconnaissance in the vicinity of United 
States Ford, some 17 miles up the Rappahannock. Camp was 
broken on the 29th of April, when the regiment accompanied its 
corps, first to the Franklin Crossing below Fredericksburg and then 
up the river to United States Ford, where it crossed and advanced 
to Chancellorsville. It reported to General Hancock on the morn- 
ing of the 2d of May, and was directed to reconnoiter the ground 
to the left of the Union line, which it did, becoming at once engaged 
and repulsing several attacks by the enemy. The command was 
warmly thanked by General Hancock for its gallantry, and during 
the night rejoined the division. A sharp attack was made on the 
Union position next morning, and the regiment in defending itself 
against the repeated assaults suffered severely. When the fight- 
ing finally ended with the establishment of the Union lines, the 
Eleventh were found to have lost 11 killed, including First Lieuten- 
ants John Munn and John S. Harris, 57 wounded, and 11 missing. 
The river was recrossed on the Gth, and once more the regiment 
encamped " near Falmouth " till the northward movement of Lee's 
army called the loyal army in the same direction. 

The Eleventh set out on the afternoon of June 11, marching to 
Hartwood Church, thence by way of iJeverly Ford and Gum Sj)rings, 
stopping at the latter place five days, across the Potomac at Edwards 
Ferry, by way of Frederick, Tancytown and Emmittsburg to Gettys- 
burg, where they arrived on the night of July 1. In that battle the 
regiment was still a part of the First Brigade, Second Division, 
Third Corps. General Carr's brigade had been changed somewhat, 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT 213 

coni[)ri.sini^ at that time the First, Eleventh and Sixteenth Massa- 
chusetts, Twelfth New Hampshire, Eleventh New Jersey, Twenty- 
sixth and Eitrhly-fourth Pennsylvania Regiments. General A. A. 
IIum])hreys commanded the division, which formed the right of the 
line of battle of the Third Corps, and was not at first involved by 
the attack of Longstreet on the afternoon of July 2 ; but when the 
regiment, commanded during the action by Lieutenant Colonel 
Tri})p, became involved it suffered terrilily, losing more than half 
the number taken into action. Captain Edwin Humphrey and 25 
enlisted men Averc killed, 93 wounded and ten missing, a total of 129. 

The regiment remained on the field till the 7th, when it joined 
in the pursuit of the defeated Confederate army, moving by way of 
Frederick to Williamsport, thence following Lee's army into Vir- 
ginia and reaching "Warrenton on the 2Gth. On the 1st of August 
it marched to Beverly Ford, where it remained till tlic loth of 
September, when crossing the Rappahannock at Freeman's Ford it 
advanced to Culpcper and there encam})('d till the 8th of October. 
The regiment then formed part of the force sent to the support of 
the cavalry at James City, returning to Culpepcr at night of the 
10th and next moi'ning recrossing the Rappahannock. The regi- 
ment remained on guard at the fords of the river till the army had 
passed, when it followed and resuming its place in the column took 
part in the strategic movement north to Centcrville, and after the 
retiring of the Confederate army without risking a battle marched 
back as far as Catlett's Station, where it went into camp on the 
21st. On the 30th it moved south* to near Bealton, and on the Tth 
of November crossed the Rappahannock again at Kelly's Ford. 
The leading division of the corps had engaged the enemy at the 
Ford, but the Eleventh were not called upon to participate, and 
marching next day to Brandy Station went into camp. 

The " ^line Run" campaign began on the 26th of November, 
when the regiment with its corps crossed the Rapidan at Jacob's 
Mills Ford, encamping that night a few miles beyond and the fol- 
lowing afternoon joining battle with the enemy, the regiment suf- 
fering a loss of four killed, 17 wounded and eight missing. Next 
morning General French, the commander of the Third Corps, suc- 
ceeded in extricating his troops from the wilderness and joining 
the other corps near Robertson's Tavern, going into position that 
night near ^line Run, — whence after two days of indecision, the 



214 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUB WAR. 

idea of a battle having been abandoned, the retriment joined Gregg's 
division of cavalry to serve as rear guard during .the retreat, and 
on the 3d of December, well exhausted by the fruitless cxj)osure 
and hardships, reached its former camp. Winter cjuarters were 
established, and the opening of another campaign was awaited. 

In the reorganization of the army, the Eleventh was made part 
of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Second Corps. The bri- 
gade was commanded by Colonel William R. Brewster, and besides 
the Eleventh consisted of the five regiments of the New York " Ex- 
celsior "Brigade, numbered from the Seventieth to the Seventy- 
fourth inclusive, the One Hundred and Twentieth New York and 
Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiments ; General Mott commanded 
the division and General Hancock the corps. In the winter and 
early spring preceding the campaign the Eleventh lost several of its 
officers from dismissal, the list including the chaplain, two captains 
and some lieutenants. In this respect the regiment was unfortunate, 
the records showing that it suffered heavier loss of officers than any 
other from Massachusetts, the total being ten, with one cashiered. 

The camp at Brandy Station was broken just before midnight of 
May 3, 1864, and the following noon the regiment crossed the Rapi- 
dan at Ely's Ford, bivouacking that night on the old field of Chan- 
cellorsville. The Wilderness was reached in the middle of the after- 
noon of the 5th, and as fighting was already in i)rogress the regi- 
ment soon found itself advancing and encountering the enemy. 
The contest, with vaiying advantage, continued till darkness ended 
it, and was resumed next morntng, Brewster's Brigade advancing 
against the enemy in the front line. Once during the contest the 
position of the brigade was flanked, and it became necessary for it 
to fall back, when it took position behind intrenchments and re- 
pulsed the final attack of the Confederates. Tiiere the command 
remained fill night of the 7th, but there was no more fighting and 
at evening the Eleventh went on picket while the army moved away 
to meet their wily antagonists again at Spottsylvania. The loss of 
the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness amounted to nine 
killed, 54 wounded and 12 missing. 

The picket Avas relieved at 10 o'clock next morning, and the 
Eleventh rejoined the brigade at Todd's Tavern, where it remained 
two days, when it moved five miles toward Spottsylvania, and on 
the afternoon of the lOfh with its division joined in an attack uj)i)n 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 215 

the Confederate position in concert with another by Colonel Upton 
commanding' a briu'ade of the Sixth Cor])s. Owintj; to the difticult 
nature of the ground and an enfilading fire from the hostile artillery, 
General Mott's attack amounted to nothing, and the troops after 
attempting an advance fell back to their former jiosition. During 
the night of the 11th the Second Corps was massed in front of the 
part of the Confederate line known as the Angle, and at daybreak 
charged with fine success, making heavy captures. This triumph 
was followed by the desperate attempt of the enemy to regain the 
lost works, and in the stubborn contest which ensued the Eleventh 
suffered a loss of five killed, 35 wounded and four missing. 

The regiment took part in no further important conflicts while 
the armies confronted each other there, and on the 21st, after re- 
ceiving 45 enlisted men transferred from the First Massachusetts, 
joined in the march toward the North Anna. That stream, across 
Avhich the Confederates were again waiting for the coming of the 
Union army — CJeneral Lee having secured an especially imprognaljle 
position — was reached on the afternoon of the 23d, and next morn- 
ing the regiment crossed at the Telegraph Road bridge, from the 
immediate vicinity of which the enemy had fallen back though still 
maintaining a heavy fire over that part of the field. The Eleventh at 
once went into position and remained there till night of the 26th, 
meeting a total loss of seven — one of whom was killed and two 
were missing. 

In the operations preceding and during the struggle for Cold Har- 
bor, the Eleventh were not heavily engaged, though in various skir- 
mishes a loss was sustained of one man killed and nine wounded. 
On the 12th of June the term of original enlistment of the regi- 
ment expired, and while the Army of the Potomac was preparing 
to move across the James and operate against Richmond from the 
south, 304 members of the command, including 14 oflicers, turned 
their faces toward Massachusetts after three years of honorable 
service. Eight officers and 336 enlisted men remained, who were 
formed into a battalion of five companies, retaining the original 
regimental name. That evening the march toward Petersburg be- 
gan, and three days later the command bivouacked within two miles 
of the city. On the four ensuing days the battalion was under fire 
and skirmishing, losing one man killed and 19 wounded. On the 
23d a sad loss bufell the battalion and Massachusetts in the death 



216 ^fASSACIIUSETTS IX THE U'An. 

of Colonel Blaisdell, who was killed before Petersburg while in 
command of the Corcoran Legion. 

On the 27th the command was moved some distance to the left 
and occupied works vacated liythe Sixth Corps, where the battalion 
remained more than two weeks engaged in picket and other duties. 
During this time it was joined bv two additional companies, made 
up of members of the Sixteenth Regiment, whose term had not ex- 
pired — five officers and 194 enlisted men. The Eleventh nu^rched 
to a reserve camp to the rear of the general line of works July 13, 
where they remained till the 26th, cutting sunken roads and ])er- 
forming other work of a similar nature. That evening the battalion 
marched to the James river, crossed it next morning and took posi- 
tion in the woods near Deep Bottom. After a day passed in that 
location a long march took the command back again to the south of 
Petersburg, in rear of the lines held by the Eighteenth Corps, a 
portion of whom in the front lines the Eleventh relieved on the 
night of the 29th, maintaining that position the following day under 
heavy lire during the battle of the Crater — loss, one man wounded. 

That night the battalion returned to its reserve camp and re- 
mained there till the 12th of August, when it marched to City Point, 
went by transport next day to Deep Bottom and on the following 
morning was again in front of the enemy at that point. On the 
16th it was pushed forward alone to develop the location of the 
enemy, which was done at a loss of two wounded, when the Eleventh 
rejoined the brigade, and on the 18th the command returned to the 
south side of the James, crossing at Point of Rocks. A position 
Avas taken in the front line of the Ninth Corps on the 19th, but dur- 
ing the afternoon the battalion was relieved and marched to the 
vicinity of Fort Davis, where it remained till the 1st of October, 
being engaged in several demonstrations and under lire on the picket 
line, meeting a total loss of two killed and four woimded. 

The battalion marched five miles to the left, to Poplar Grove 
Church, on the 1st of October, and next morning formed line of 
battle, being presently detached from the brigade and moved still 
further to the left, along works formerly occupied by the enemy, 
meeting the Confederate lire and losing two men killed and one 
wounded. After skirmishing in the locality through the day the 
Eleventh rejoined the brigade at night and remained with it uear 
the church, fortifying and on picket till the 5th, when the column 



THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 21T 

returned to its position before Petersburg, At night of the 24th 
the 1)attalion Avas drawn to the roar in ])reparation for a contemplated 
movement totlic left by a considerable part of the Second and Fifth 
Corps Avith cavalry, and began the march on the afternoon of the 
2Gth, passing the night near the Weldon railroad and next morning 
continuing the movement toward the Boydtowu Plank road, eight 
miles distant through a difficult country. On reaching the road, 
line of battle was formed, but the enemy were soon found to be in 
the rear and the line faced about and charged back in the direction 
whence it had come. The Eleventh soon met the foe and captured 
20 prisoners, though at considerable loss. Following this engage- 
ment, the battalion fell back to the crest of a hill over which it had 
charged, where line was formed, and later position was taken in the 
vicinity of the plank road, where the command remained till night, 
when it roi)orted to the field hospital to assist in carrying the 
Avounded to the rear. After two hours in this sad duty the Eleventh 
rejoined the Itrigade and began the return march to the vicinity of 
Petersburg, where they arrived on the 29th. The loss of the bat- 
talion on the 2Tth was three killed, nine wounded and 12 missing — 
supposed to have been wounded and fallen into the hands of the 
enemy. Among the killed was Captain Alexander McTavish ; Cap- 
tain David A. Granger being mortalh' wounded and left on the field. 

At the close of the month the battalion moved into fhe front line 
near Fort ^lorton, where it remained on duty for more than four 
weeks. A considerable i)art of the command was engaged in re- 
pulsing an attack on the picket line on the night of the 5th of 
November, the loss to the Eleventh being two men wounded and 
Adjutant ^Michael Boucher captured. On the night of iha 29th the 
battalion was withdrawn and next day marched to Poplar Grove 
Church, where it remained on picket for a week and then joined in 
an expedition to destroy the Weldon railroad to the south. This 
was done from Jarratt's Station to the Meherrin river, when the 
column returned to the main body and the battalion went into posi- 
tion near the left of the army at Yellow House Station, where the 
close of the year found it attached to the Third Brigade, Third 
Division, Second Corps. Lieutenant Colonel Charles C. Rivers was 
in command of the Eleventh, and Colonel JIcAllister of the brigade. 

The first important movement of the year 1865 was that to Hatch- 
ers Run, February 5, in which the Eleventh took part, suffering 



218 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

from the inclement weather but rendering valuable service in repuls- 
ing an attack by the Confederates and afterward in fortifying the 
o-round gained. These new works the battalion assisted in manning: 
till the opening of the final series of operations on tlie 26th of March. 
From that time till the surrender of Lee's army the command was 
almost incessantly under arms, contributing valiantly to the final 
result. In a charge on the enemy's works on the 29th of March, Cap- 
tain William R. Bennett and First Lieutenant Henry Harrington 
with a number of men were separated from the main part of the 
battalion and made prisoners, but the loss in killed and wounded 
was not serious. 

The Army of Northern Virginia having surrendered, the Eleventh 
with the rest of the Second Corps moved to the vicinity of "Washing 
ton and encamped, performing only camp duty till ordered home 
for muster out. Lieutenant Colonel Rivers resigned on the 15th of 
June, and was succeeded by Major Thomas H. Dunham, promoted. 
The command reached Readville on the 13th of July, and was mus- 
tered out the following day. Of its officers, in addition to those men- 
tioned heretofore, several died in the service, including Captain 
Albert M. Gammell, accidentally killed on the Eastern railroad De- 
cember 17, 1863 ; First Lieutenants Alonzo Coy and William B. Mor- 
rill died of disease, dates unknown; Second Lieutenant William B. 
Mitchell died at the IVIassachusetts General Hospital July 30, 1863 ; 
and Second Lieutenant Peter T. Gouldie died of Avounds September 
13, 1864, after having been commissioned first lieutenant. 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twelfth or Webster Regiment took its title from its first 
colonel, Fletcher Webster, by whom it was organized. Mr. 
Webster, then the only survivmg son of Daniel Webster, was 
at the outbreak of the war surveyor of the port of Boston. Receiv- 
ing from Governor Andrew permission to recruit a regiment, he 
issued a call for a mass-meeting on Sunday, the 21st of April, 1861, 
in front of the Merchants' Exchange on State street. A vast con- 
course was assembled, the enthusiasm ran high, and Avhile enlist- 
ment pa])ers Avere i)repared and rapidly filled, the lousiness men of 
the city contributed generously to ecpiip the embryo regiment in a 
worthy manner. It is a matter of record that within tliree days 1(5 
full companies were enlisted in the city, but only live of them 
formed part of the Webster Regiment. The regular militia regi- 
ments were being reorganized, and needed recruits to bring them 
up to the national standard, but the peo])le everywhere were ready 
to fill the ranks, and within two weeks Mr. Webster was duly com- 
missioned colonel of a complete and well-equipped regiment. 

At first the recruits were quartered and drilled in Faneuil Hall 
and other available buildings in the city ; but as their numbers in- 
creased they were transferred to the barracks in Fort Warren, Bos- 
ton Harbor, where the organization was completed. It was accepted 
as a part of the quota of Massachusetts on the 14th of June, 850 
of its members were mustered into the United States service by 
Captain Marshall of the regidar army on the 26th, and the balance 
on the mil of July. The original roster follows: — 

Colouel, Fletcher Webster of Marshficld; lieutenant colonel, Timothy 
M. Brjan, Jr., of Xcwton ; major, Elisiia M. Burbaiik of Woburn ; 
surgeon, Jedediah H. Baxter of Bcjston; assistant surgeon, J. McLean 
Hayward of Boston ; cha|)Iain, Edward L. Clark of Andover; adjutant, 
Thomas. P. Havilaud of Newton ; quartermaster, David Wood of Lex- 
ington ; sergeant major, Gerald Fitzgerald of Boston ; quartermaster 



220 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

sergeant, Loring W. Muzzey of Lexington ; commissary sergeant, 
Charles W. Thompson of Boston ; hospital steward, C. 0. Hutching 
of Maine ; princii)al musician, Lucius M. Hamilton of Weymouth ; 
leader of band, William J. Martland of North Bridge water. 

Company A, Felton Guards — Captain, Richard H. Kiml)all ; first 
lieutenant, William G. White ; second lieutenant, George W. Orne, 
all of Boston. 

Company B, Dehon Guards — Captain, George W. Murch ; first 
lieutenant, Frederick E. Shattuck, both of Boston ; second lieuten- 
ant, Charles T. Packard of North Bridgewater. 

Company C — Captain, Daniel G. Handy of Boston ; first lieutenant, 
Edward T. Pearcc of Gloucester ; second lieutenant, Harlan P. Ben- 
nett of Boston. 

Company [), Latin School Guard — Captain, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, 
Jr. ; first lieutenant, J. Otis Williams ; second lieutenant, George B. 
Drake, all of Boston. 

Company E, Emerson Guards — Captain, Edward C. Saltmarsh ; 
first lieutenant, George H. Davis ; second lieutenant, Samuel Apple- 
ton, all of Boston. 

Company F — Captain, Alexander Hichborn ; first lieutenant, 
Alpheus K. Harmon ; second lieutenant, Hiram W. Copeland, all of 
North Bridgewater. 

Company G — Captain, Ira Blanchard ; first lieutenant, Edward P, 
Reed ; second lieutenant, Lysander F. Gushing, all of Abington. 

Company H — Ca]itain, James L. Bates ; first lieutenant, (Jharles 
W. Hastings ; second lieutenant, Francis B. Pratt, all of Weymouth. 

Com])any I — Captain, John Ripley ; first lieutenant, Chester Clark ;, 
second lieutenant, Warren Thompson, all of Stoughton. 

Company K, Dale Guards — Captain, David Allen; first lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin F. Cook ; second lieutenant, Gilman Saunders, all of 
Gloucester. 

The regiment went over to the city and was reviewed by the gov- 
ernor on the 18th of July, after which it was presented with a fine 
stand of colors by Hon. Edward Everett in behalf of the ladies of 
Boston. A final adieu was given to Fort Warren on the 23d of 
July, the regiment taking cars to Fall River that evening, going 
by steamer to New York, and thence to Elizabethport, N. J.; from 
the latter |)lace cars again took the command by way of Harrisburg 
and Baltimore to Sandy Hook, Md., opposite Harper's Ferry, which 
was reached on the morning of the 27th. llic Twelfth were at- 
tached to Abercroml)ic's Brigade, forming a part of the force of 
which General Banks had just taken command, succeeding Gen- 
eral Patterson. Aborcrombic's was known as the Second Brigade, 
Department of the Shenandoah, and consisted at that time, in ad- 
dition to the Twelfth, of the Second Massachusetts, Twelfth and 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 221 

Sixteenth Indiana, the First Pennsylvania Battery being assigned 
to it some weelvs later. A reorgaaization of General Banks's com- 
mand on the 25th of September made this the First Brigade ; the 
Second Massachusetts went to the Tliird Brigade and its phxce was 
taken in the First by the Thirtieth Pennsylvania, the Sixty-sixth 
coming in subsequently. The Second was soon returned to the bri- 
gade, however, and remained with it till the following spring. 

Tlic lirst march was one of 26 miles on the IGth of August to 
Buckeyestown, crossing the Monacacy river next day and on the 
10th the regiment proceeded to Hyattstown where it camped. A 
month passed quietly, the camp being shifted some five miles dur- 
ing the time ; drill, guard and picket duty gave practical education, 
and details were frequent. Major Burbank, with Companies B and 
G, was sent to Baltimore on the 12th of September, it being rejjorted 
that a secession Legislature would convene there; but no such at- 
tempt was made and the detachment rejoined the regiment October 1. 

The Twelfth moved through Darnestown to the Potomac Septem- 
ber 19, and the following day changed position to near Muddy 
Brancli ;is a part of the force i>ickcting the river. Tbis duty con- 
tinued till the 22d, when the disaster at Ball's Bluff called the l)ri- 
gade toward Edwards Ferry, crossing Seneca Creek that day, halting 
till the 2Gth and then pushing on by way of Poolesville nearly to 
the Ferry. There the regiment remained till November 29, Avhen it 
marched by way of Barnesville to near Frederick ; crossing the 
Monocacy and marching some miles along its eastern bank, a 
halt was made on a hillside in a forest near the Baltimore pike 
on the 3d of December, and the site of the first "winter quarters" 
was reached. 

The men and officers were comfortably quartered during the win- 
ter in log cabins, and the only formal '"turn-out" of the regiment 
was to join in the celebration of Washington's birthday at Frede- 
rick, February 22. Directly after this "marching ordci's" and 
rumors began to multi})ly and Camp Hicks was finally quitted early 
in tbe morning of the 2Tth. Going .by rail from Frederick to the 
Potomac, the regiment crossed the river on pontons and marched to 
Shenandoah Village, near by, which was reached in the evening, the 
night's bivouac being made in some old flour mills where there was 
much suffering from the cold weather which prevailed for some days. 
At noon of the 1st of March the re<rimcnt moved to Charlestown, 



222 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

encamping just beyond. From this point companies and detach- 
ments were sent out on scout and picket duty in various directions, 
hut the regiment with two or three changes of site remained cn- 
cami)ed in that vicinity till the lOth, when it marched to Ripon, 
halting there for two days and on the evening of the 12th marching 
through Berryville and to within two miles of Winchester, where a 
halt was made till the 21st. 

Changes in the make-up of the brigades were frequent at this 
time, and General Abercrombie's command now became the Second 
Brigade of Williams's Division and was composed of the Twelfth 
and Thirteenth Massachusetts, Sixteenth Indiana and Ninth New 
York Regiments. The weather continued cold and disagreeable, 
with occasional snow-storms, and the presence of harassing parties 
of the enemy made the experiences of the soldiers anything but 
pleasant. On the 21st the brigade marched by way of Berryville, 
crossing the Shenandoah at Snicker's Ferry, through Snicker's Gap 
and past Philmont to Aldie, which was reached on the 23d. 

Yery early next morning the destination of the brigade was 
changed — back over the mountains, to and across the Shenandoah 
it toiled, many of the men shoeless ; only to again about face on 
the 25th and follow out the original intention, reaching Centerville 
on the 29th, going thence to Manassas Junction and following the 
railroad in the direction of the Rappahannock, with frequent halts 
and side expeditions for reconnaissance ; often resulting in the capt- 
ure of Confederate deserters, spies and scouts, but provoking no 
engagement till the 18th of Ajjril, when a detachment of seven com- 
panies joined other details of infantry, cavalry and artillery, pro- 
ceeded to the Rappahannock and o[)ened lire upon the enemy on the 
other side of the river while engaged in guard mounting. The lire 
was returned, and was the first received in actual conflict by any 
part of the Twelfth Regiment. The Confederates finally withdrew 
and the Union soldiers returned to camp. 

Another period of comparative inactivity followed, during which, 
on the 1st of May, General Abercrombie being ordered to join Gen- 
eral McClellan's army at Yorktown, he was succeeded in command 
of the brigade by General George L. Hartsuff. The regimental 
band left for Massachusetts on the 9th and on the 12th the l)rigade 
marched toward Fredericksburg, halting on 'the 14th two miles be- 
low Falmouth on the north bank of the river. Here the brigade 



I 



I 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 223 

was attached to General Ord's Division of McDowell's Corps — the 
First — and was joined by the Eleventh Pennsylvania Rcuiment. 

Steamer was taken at Acquia Landlni; the 26tli, and after some 
delays and difticidties the soldiers debarked next day at Alexandria. 
That night cars Avere taken and the regiment rode to Manassas 
Junction, marched on the 28th to Haymarkct on the Manassas Gap 
Railroad, took cars and rode five miles, then marching through 
Thoroughfare Gap and the next day passing White Plains and camp- 
ing in Piedmont Gap. On the 1st of June Front Royal was reached 
by Ord's command and the next day an advance was made to Sul- 
phur Springs, but after advancing a few miles further the Twelfth 
returned on the 4th to Front Royal. Remaining in that vicinity 
till the 17th, the brigade took cars to Manassas Junction. 

For a time the Twelfth became a part of General Pope's Army 
of Virginia, the brigade composed of the Twelfth and Thirteenth 
Massachusetts, Eleventh Pennsylvania and Eighty-third New York, 
being designated as the Third Brigade, Second Division, Third 
Corps, General Ricketts commanding the division and General Mc- 
Dowell the corps. On the 4th of July the regiment marched to 
Gainesville and the next day to New Baltimore and two miles be- 
yond toward Warrcnton, where it encamped and remained till the 
22d, marching that day in a severe storm to the Rapi)ahannock 
river, on the banks of which it lingered till the 8th of August. 

Crossing the river at Rappahannock Station, the regiment, with 
its division, marched toward the battle-field of Cedar Mountain at 
noon of the 8th, bivouacked at dark, and at daybreak proceeded 
two miles further, halting then until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, 
while General Banks's Corps passed to the front, fought valiantly 
and were defeated. Ricketts's Division was then ordered forward, 
going into position in support of Banks about dusk. As the Third 
Brigade deployed the Twelfth Regiment. was temporarily separated 
from its fellows by a dash of fugitive teams toward the rear, but 
being directed to its position in line moved to it under a heavy 
artillery fire by which Captain N. B. Shurtleff was killed and ten 
were wounded. 

The remainder of the month until the battle of Manassas was 
one of weary and apparently purposeless marching and counter- 
marching back and forth over the debatable ground between the 
Rapidan and the Rappahannock, now looking in vain for the enemy 



224 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

•and then at the most unexpected moment shrinking from the 
shriek of his shells. The 27tli found the regiment at Warrenton, 
whence its division was sent to bar the approach of Longstreet 
through Thoroughfare Gap, marching to that important point 
through New Baltimore and reaching the Gap on the afternoon of 
the 28th. A conflict almost immediately opened, with a part of 
the Twelfth on the skirmish line ; but about dusk the division was 
ordered to rejoin the corps between Centerville and Manassas and 
marched all night in the direction of Gainesville. 

It was not till the afternoon of the last day's fight that the 
Twelfth were called into the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull 
Run. At 1 o'clock the brigade, under command of General Z. 
B. Tower, Hartsuff being ill, was placed in support of Heintzelman 
and Reno in their attempt to turn the Confederate left, and when 
that attempt failed General Tower was ordered to Bald Hill, which 
the enemy were making a desperate attempt to possess. The 
Twelfth formed the right of the brigade, which took up the battle 
bravely, but the persistent onsets of the Confederates finally forced 
back the Union line, General Tower being severely wounded. The 
loss of the Twelfth was heavy, including Colonel Webster, who was 
mortally wounded while momentarily separated from his command, 
dying in the hands of the enemy. Captain Kimball was also among 
the 15 killed ; GO were wounded and G3 missing, a total loss of 138. 

Falling back to Centerville, the regiment remained there till the 
afternoon of September 1, when it marched to Chantilly in the 
severe storm during which that engagement was fought, and 
formed line of battle, but was not engaged and suffered no loss. 
Retiring to Hall's Hill the next day, the regiment remained there 
till the 5th, when it crossed Chain Bridge and began the northward 
march under McClellan. The reorganization of the army changed 
Hartsuff's to the Third Brigade, Second Division, First Army Corps, 
General Hooker commanding. The Sixteenth Maine was added to 
the brigade a few days later. Frederick was reached on the 14th, 
whence the brigade prcf-sod on to South Mountain and took jiai-t in 
the fight there. Gaining the summit at 9 o'clock, with ammunition 
exhausted, the regiment was relieved at midnight, having lost one 
man killed and a few wounded. 

The rival armies confronted each other across Antietam Creek 
on the IGth, and that afternoon General Hooker crossed the stream 



THE TWELFTH liEGIMENT. 225 

and deployed his corps in readiness for the conflict of the next day, 
Rickctts's Division forming his center. Early next morning the 
lines were advanced ; Ricketts encountered Stonewall Jackson, and 
a terrible contest ensued. The Twelfth formed the right of the 
brigade, i)ressing forward through the smoke and mist which prac- 
tically concealed everything in its front till it stood almost i-n the 
face of the Confederate fire, which thinned the lines terribly. 
Finally a momentary lifting of the smoke showed a hostile line of 
battle lying in a hollow almost at their feet, upon which the muskets 
of the Twelfth were turned with deadly effect ; but the line was still 
decimated till at the time of its relief, not later than 9 o'clock, only 
32 of the 340 taken into action accompanied the colors to the rear. 

The actual loss of the regiment in the four hours of that Septem- 
ber morning from the first advance to the final retreat was 288, of 
which 70 were killed, 183 wounded and 30 missing. Three officers 
were slain, — Assistant Surgeon Albert A. Kendall of Newton who 
was struck by the fatal bullet when at the operating table, and First 
Lieutenants William G. White and Lysander F. Gushing. Nine 
other officers were wounded. Major Burbank and Second Lieutenant 
George AV. Orne mortally, leaving but four unhurt. Captain Cook 
commanding what was left of the regiment. General Hartsuff was 
also severely wounded. 

During the remainder of the day the fragments of the command 
supported some of the Union artillery and the 18th was spent in 
burying the dead and caring for the wounded. Two or three days 
later Colonel James L. Bates took command of the Twelfth. He 
had been promoted from captain in the Twelfth to major of the 
Thirty -third Massachusetts, but following the death of Colonel Web- 
ster was commissioned colonel of his original regiment. His little 
force remained in the vicinity of the battle-field till the 1st of Octo- 
ber, guarding Confederate prisoners, when it moved nearer to the 
Potomac. At the reviews held by President Lincoln and General 
McClellan a day or two later the Twelfth, by calling in details and 
the return of wounded, mustered 119 men. A few days after Gen- 
eral Nelson Taylor took charge of the brigade. 

The regiment began its southward march October 25, moving to 
Berlin where it crossed by ponton bridge into Virginia and reached 
Warrenton on the 7th of November, at which time General Mc- 
Clellan was succeeded in the command of the Armv of the Potomac 



22() MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

by General Burnside. The next day the Twelfth went on to Rap- 
pahannock Station, which was reached after a hard all day's march, 
intensified by taking the wrong road for several miles. The division 
was ordered there in support of Bayard's cavalry, which was feeling 
the enemy across the river, the Twelfth being at first detailed to 
guard the bridge, but next day moving some two miles to guard 
Cromley's Ford. Relieved on the 13th by the Thirteenth Massa- 
chusetts, the regiment went a mile to the rear and camped in a line 
wood, from which it was ordered on the 16th to join General Tow- 
er's Brigade — the Second of the same division — exchanging with 
the Ninety-seventh New York ; the other regiments of the brigade 
were the Twenty-sixth New York, Nineteeth and One Hundred and 
Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania. 

Next day the regiment began a march which ended after three 
days of floundering through the mud at Stafford Court House, from 
which on the 21st it moved to Brooks Station, half way to Belle 
Plain. There the camp, from the inclement weather, insufficient 
rations and demoralized clothing was christened " Starvation Hill," 
and was one of the especially unpleasant memories of the command. 
On the 9th and 10th of December the Twelfth marched to within 
three miles of 13elle Plain, and starting very early in the morning 
of the 11th reached the Rappahannock below Falmouth about 7 
o'clock. That day and the succeeding night were passed on that 
side of the river, the First Corps crossing the ponton bridges on 
the morning of the 12th. 

In the battle of Fredericksburg the First Corps, under Major Gen- 
eral J. F. Reynolds, held the extreme left of the Union army, form- 
ing with the Sixth Corps Franklin's Left Grand Division. The 
Second Division was commanded by General John Gibbon, and the 
Second Brigade — in which were the Twelfth — by Colonel Lyle of 
the Ninetieth Pennsylvania. On the morning of the 13th Gibbon's 
Division was formed in column by brigades to support General 
Meade's Division, the Twelfth being on the right of the second line. 

The regiment was under fire from 1) o'clock till 1, when the divis- 
ion was ordered forward. The lirst line — the Third Brigade — en- 
countered a very heavy fire, and after a half-hour of sharp fighting 
the second line were ordered to relieve them. In advancing the 
Twelfth were separated from the other regiments of the brigade, 
which were soon forced to retire ; but Colonel Bates and his com- 



I 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 227 

mand took up a position from which they kept up a sharp fire till 
their ammunition began to fail. As they were about to retire the 
third line advanced to charge the enemy, and at the request of 
Colonel Adrian P. Root of the Ninety-fourth New York, command- 
ing the brigade. Colonel Bates led his regiment forward with them, 
taking the right of the line. The Confederates were driven from 
the railroad embankment and the position was held for some time ; 
but the Union force was isolated, no support came, it was flanked 
and reluctantly fell back to the position from which the first ad- 
vance was made. 

The Twelfth won high credit in the events of the day, but at 
serious cost. Of 258 men taken into action, 105 had been lost, 
three only being reported as missing ; 17 were killed. First Lieuten- 
ant Arthur Dehon of Boston, on the staff of General Meade, was 
killed while bearing a dispatch to a brigade commander, and Captain 
J(jlin Ripley received wounds of which he died on the 20th. 

The fighting was not resumed on that part of the field. The 
regiment lay on its arms in line of battle that night, went next day 
to the left to the support of General Doubleday's Division, and re- 
crossed the river on the night of the 15th, marching in the severe 
rain-storm to a wood in the vicinity of Falmouth. Moving on the 
lOtli to Belle Plain on the Potomac, orders were received to report 
at King Georgt? Court House, 24 miles to the southeast, which was 
reached on the 20th. Remaining there through a snow-storm, the 
command started back on the 22d to Belle Plain, on reaching which 
preparations were at once made for winter quarters, and by the close 
of the year comfortable huts had been provided. These were quit- 
ted on the morning of Januaiy 20, 18G3, to share in what proved 
the " Mud march " — General Burnside's last attempt to join battle 
with the enemy. That night the regiment camped in a plowed field 
four miles above Banks Ford in a driving rain-storm, and next morn- 
ing lloundered through four miles more of A^irginia mud into a for- 
est some two miles from the Ford, where it remained till morn- 
ing of the 23d, when the enterprise was abandoned ; before night 
most of the huts in the camp at Smoky Hollow were reoccupied. 
The Second Division had some two weeks previous been placed 
under the command of General John C. Robinson, who commanded 
it for more than a year. 

During the months which followed while the army was being re- 



228 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE U'Ali. 

cuperated under the able direction of General Hooker, a fruitless 
effort was made to have the Twelfth returned to Massachusetts to 
recruit its decimated ranks, it being at that time the smallest regi- 
ment from the state in the service, having frequently less than a 
hundred men present for duty. On the 21st of April General 
Henry Baxter took command of the brigade, having won promotion 
from the lieutenant colonelcy of the Second Michigan Regiment at 
Fredericksburg ; and on the 28th the regiment left camp for the 
Chancellorsville campaign. 

The part taken by the Twelfth in this battle was not important. 
The First Corps marched to Pollock's IVIills, a mile below the site 
of the Sixth Corps bridges at Franklin's Crossing of the previous 
December, and Wadsworth's Division crossed while the others lay 
in support on the north bank of the Rai)])ahannock. The latter 
were sharply shelled by the Confederate batteries on the ojjposite 
hights on the 30th, but moved to the cover of a ditch and escaped 
with slight loss — that of the Twelfth being but one man wounded. 
At 9 o'clock on the 2d of May orders were received by the First 
Corps to report to General Hooker at Chancellorsville and about 
dark they halted near United States Ford, but a few miles from the 
Union position. The Eleventh Corps had just been broken and as 
soon as a position could be decided on the First Corps occupied it. 
The Twelfth deployed and advanced as skirmishers through the 
woods while the night battle raged to their left, their position being- 
on the extreme right near the Ely's Ford road. 

The regiment operated in the rear of the Confederate lines next 
day, capturing a picket line and over a hundred other prisoners, and 
on the 4th, accompanied by the Thirteenth Massachusetts and Hall's 
Battery, made a reconnaissance to near Ely's Ford, where the enemy 
was found in strong force, when the expedition returned to its 
place in the lines. On the 6th the regiment recrossed the river 
with the rest of Hooker's army and went into camp near White Oak 
Church, having lost six men — two wounded and four missing. 

The Gettysburg camjjaign, so far as the Twelfth Regiment was 
concerned, began on the 12th of June, when camp was struck and 
the command marched about the middle of the afternoon for Rap- 
pahannock Station, which was reached early next morning. There 
was a halt of 24 hours, then on by way of i\Iana.ssas, (luiiford's 
Station and Leesburg, which was reached on the 17th as Mosby's 



I 



THE TWELFTH BEGIMENT. 229 

troopers were leaving. After two days at Lcesburg the corps 
marched back to Guilford, where it remained till the 25th, when it 
crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry and camped that night at 
Poolesville, pressing on during the next two days to Middletown, 
some miles west of Frederick, where it received intelligence of the 
transfer of the command of the army to General Meade. 

The regiment cani|)ed near Emmittsburg on the 29th, and on the 
oOth moved but two or three miles. p]arly in the morning of July 
1 it started on the nuirch to Gettysburg, which was reached soon 
after the opening of the fight. After a brief halt in front of the 
Theological .Seminary, to the west of the town, Baxter's Brigade, 
numbering in its live regiments ))ut 1,100 men, moved by the flank 
to the north und formed along the Mummasburg road, Company K de- 
ploying and at the point of the bayonet driving the hostile skirmish- 
ers from a stone-wall in its front. No other troops Avere at that time 
in its immediate front, but a demonstration on the left soon caused 
a change of front in that direction, followed presently by another to 
the right. The enemy's superior force Avas thus beaten back from 
both flanks, when I^-erson's North Carolina Brigade marched up 
close in front of Baxter's Brigade, as it laid behind a stone-wall. At 
the proper moment such an acciurate and terrible fire was poured in 
by the Twelfth and its fellow-regiments that the Confederate com- 
mand was almost exterminated, and the great majority of those not 
killed or wounded surrendered, though a few succeeded in slipping 
away after showing a Avhite flag. 

The brigade being out of ammunition was relieved by the First 
Brigade, commanded by General Paul ; but the exigencies of battle 
were so great that it was again placed in line to the left of its 
former position with empty guns and fixed bayonets, receiving the 
enemy's fire and holding its ground till the giving Avay of the flanks 
made its position utterly untenable, when it retired through the 
town to Cemetery Hill, where the Union lino was reconstructed. 
The calling of the roll showed the heroic nature of the service ren- 
dered by the Twelfth Regiment during that day of trial. Taking 
about 200 into action, its loss up to that time had been nine 
killed, 41 wounded and 61 missing. First Lieutenants Francis 
Thomas of Weymouth and Charles G. Russell of Boston Avere the 
ofticers killed. During the remaining tAvo days of the battle Avhat 
Avas left of the regiment Avas in support of various portions of the 



230 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

line, being ordered from Cemetery Hill on the last day to assist in 
the repulse of Pickett's charge and suffering a further loss of three 
wounded making the total casualties of the battle 114. 

During the first day or two of the march from Gettysburg one 
company was absent from the regiment on detail, leaving a force of 
70 men to accompany the colors. The route was by way of Emmitts- 
burg, Belleville and Boonsboro to Funkstown, which was reached 
on the 12th, skirmishing with the enemy being resumed on that day, 
with a sharp artillery duel the following morning. Then followed 
the retreat of Lee across the Potomac, and the march of the Twelfth 
to Williarasport and by way of Rohrersville to Berlin on the 16th. 
After a rest of two days the river was crossed and from that time 
till the 2d of August the record is one of almost incessant march- 
ing till the division reached and halted at Rappahannock Station. 

While encamped there the regiment received the batch of con- 
scripts — 176 in number — for which Colonel Bates had made a trip 
to Massachusetts ; these were distributed to the various companies, 
and other squads were sent on during the fall, — but many of the 
new men deserted at the first opportunity. On the 12th of Septem- 
ber Captain Cook received tlie commission of major and assumed 
command of the regiment in the absence of the colonel ; on the 
16th the brigade crossed the Rappahannock and advanced to Cul- 
peper, marchirfg to and across the Rapidan at Raccoon Ford on 
the 24th, retiring to Mitchell's Station on the 29th. 

The nortliward movement of the Union army began on the 10th 
of October, Stuart's cavalry following the retiring columns closely, 
and the shots from his skirmishers frequently penetrated the Federal 
camps. In this movement the Twelfth reached the old Bull Run 
battle-field on the 14th, remaining near Groveton till the 23d when 
an expedition was made to the other side of Thoroughfare Gap, 
from which on the 26th the regiment returned to Bristoe's Station, 
where it remained while the railroad was being repaired, beginning 
its southward journey on the 6tli of November. On the 8th the 
Rappahannock was forded at Kelly's Fortt, l)ivouac being made at 
Brandy Station, from which on the following day the Twelfth re- 
turned to Bealton, a few miles north of the Rap})ahannock. 

From this vicinity the command marched on the Mine Run cam- 
paign, from the 26th of November to the 2d of December, having 
their full share of the suffering from cold and storm, reaching 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 231 

Kelly's Ford on the return and fording it twice within 24 hours, 
the cold water waist deep, after which the order for winter quarters 
was promulgated. These were completed and occupied on the 13th, 
and ten days later marching orders came, taking the regiment to 
Cedar Run ; the 1st of January, 1864, it was shifted to Cedar 
Mountain, on the 6th to Culpeper, where it was quartered in some 
vacant warehouses ; on the 29th camp was located a mile and a 
half out on the Sperryville pike where the third winter quarters 
were built. This camj) was occupied till the opening of the spring 
campaign, the only incident of note being the expedition of the 
corps to Raccoon Ford on the 5th of February, when the troops 
floundered through a sea of mud for three days to divert the enemy's 
attention from operations by the Union cavalry. 

The First Corps organization was abolished on the 24th of March 
at the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac under direction 
of General Grant, General Robinson's Division unchanged being 
made the Second Division of the Fifth Corps, General Warren 
commanding, and General Newton, who had commanded the First 
Corps from, the second day at Gettysburg, bade his faithful soldiers 
farewell. The white disk which the members of the Twelfth had 
worn on their caps was retained with the blue Maltese cross of the 
Fifth Corps resting upon it. 

With their division the Twelfth marched into the terrible tangle 
of the Wilderness, and at the opening of the engagement were in 
support of the attacking divisions, but soon after the brigade joined 
Wadsworth's Division in seeking for the Confederate flank. Mov- 
ing to the left they advanced through the dense forest till the 
enemy was encountered, or rather the flash and smoke of his rifles, 
for nothing else was visible through the thicket. A sharp musket 
fire was kept up till dark, when the opposing forces rested on tlicir 
arms but a few yards apart. The loss of the regiment through the 
day was 13 killed and 42 wounded, among the former being Lieu- 
tenant Colonel «^llen, who was serving- on General Robinson's staff". 

The Twelfth deployed as skirmishers at daylight next morning, 
advanced at the double-quick closely followed by the rest of the 
brigade, and drove the enemy some distance, till a battery was en- 
countered which checked the Union advance with showers of canis- 
ter. So unfavorable was the ground for military operations that 
the regiment was divided into groups that were not reunited till 



232 i MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

dark near the Lacey house, when they were ordered into rifle-pits. 
The loss of the command during the day was four killed and 21 
wounded. General Baxter was wounded, and was succeeded in the 
command of the hrigade by Colonel Coulter of the Eleventh Penn- 
sylvania Veterans. 

The enemy attacked the position of the Twelfth on the morning 
of the 7th, but were easily repelled by four companies under com- 
mand of Captain Hastings, whose loss was two killed and four 
wounded. That night the march toward Spottsylvania by the 
Brock road began, and morning found the Twelfth at Todd's Tavern 
leading the corps. At this point the regiment deployed on the right 
of the road, with the Ninth New York on the left, and pressed 
vigorously forward for two miles when Merritt's cavalry were found 
checked by obstructions in the road, which proved so serious for 
the infantry as well that it was 8 o'clock when the head of the 
column reached the clearing at Alsop's Farm. There a sharp fire 
was received from the enemy's dismounted cavalry, but the Twelfth 
deployed as skirmishers and after a.sharp struggle drove them from 
the woods and back to the strong lines of Anderson's Corps. There 
a long and fierce contest ensued, with determined charges and 
counter-charges, neither side gaining any great advantage and both 
finally intrenching. General Robinson, division commanci,er, was 
wounded at the opening of the struggle. The loss of the Twelfth 
was five killed and 11 wounded. Next day the division, owing to 
its heavy loss in both officers and men, was broken up, the Second 
Brigade being assigned to the Third Division — General Crawford's. 
On the morning of the 10th the brigade moved to Jones's Planta- 
tion, drove in the enemy's pickets at Laurel Hill and at 3 o'clock 
carried the position in their front, the Twelfth losing Captain John 
S. Stoddard of North Bridgewater, Second Lieutenant Edward J. 
Kidder of Boston and three others killed and 18 wounded. 

After one day's rest in the rifle-pits the regiment took part in the 
assaults which were made by the Fifth Corps on .the morning of 
the 12th, in conjunction with tlxe successful attack by Hancock at 
the Angle; the part assigned to General Warren being simply diver- 
sion and resulting only in repulse and loss of life, the Twelfth hav- 
in<i- four killed and 13 wounded, First Lieutenant William Robinson 
of Charlestown being among the fatally hurt. The next day the 
regiment went on the skirmish line, Colonel Bates having command 



THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. L;J.J 

of the corps picket line, and in the afternoon an attempt to with- 
draw provoked so sharp a ])ursLiit by the enemy that the men were 
ordered into line of battle to repel the pursuit. No further casual- 
ties occurred in the regiment during the battle, though till the 
evacuation on the 21st it was moving from point to point, constantly 
exposed to hardship and the enemy's fire. On the 18th Colonel 
Coulter was wounded and Colonel Bates took command of the bri- 
gade, which he retained till the regiment left for home, Lieutenant 
Colonel Cook commanding the Twelfth. 

The Fifth Corps began to move southward at 10 o'clock on the 
forenoon of the 21st, reaching Guincy's Station late in the after- 
noon, where the enemy's cavalry began to be encountered. The 
latter were forced back beyond the Matapony Avhere the brigade in- 
trenched on favorable ground, the Twelfth going upon ])icket. 
Next morning Colonel Bates was ordered forward with his brigade 
on a reconnaissance, pushing back the Confederate cavalry three 
miles to the Telegraph roa^d and obtaining from prisoners and from 
citizens such information in regard to the movement of Lee's army 
as changed the entire i)lan for the Army of the Potomac, for wliich 
the command received special thanks in a general order. 

The brigade rejoined the division that night and the next day 
pushed on to the North Anna, which was crossed at Jericho Ford. 
During the engagement at that point the regiment was constantly 
active and much of the time on the picket line, but met only the 
loss of one wounded and Captain Hastings captured while recon- 
noitering in front of the pickets, till the 25th, when the skirmish- 
ers were ordered forward and met with sharp opposition for two 
hours, during wliich First Lieutenant David B. Burrill of Weymouth 
was killed and several were wounded. 

The position across the North Anna was evacuated in the evening 
of the 20th, and the regiment marched almost incessantly till the 
morning of the 28th when it crossed the Pamunkey, intrenching on 
the south bank that evening. After a day of marching and coun- 
termarching, the brigade was ordered on the 30th to report to Gen- 
eral Lockwood, whose division was in the advance of the Fifth 
Corps beyond Bethesda Church. They were soon called into action 
by the giving away of another brigade, when Colonel Bates led his 
command promptly into the gap and repelled the enemy after an 
hour's struggle. The Twelfth were not again severely engaged dur- 



234 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ing the 12 days' contest about Cold Harbor, though in common 
Mith the other troops of the corps frequently changing position, 
often on the skirmish line, digging intrenchraents or lying in them, 
with but occasionally a few hours of unbroken rest. The regi- 
mental loss was but a few slightly wounded. 

The movement of the regiment toward Petersburg began early in 
the morning of the 11th of June, and continued without bivouac 
till afternoon of the 12tli. On the morning of the 13th the brigade 
was sent forward to White Oak Swamp Bridge, where the enemy 
was found strongly posted on the other side and a sharp duel of 
rifles and artillery was kept up across the stream till dark, when 
the Twelfth Regiment quitted its customary place on the skirmish 
line and followed the army toward the James river, having lost 
four wounded in the engagement. 

The regiment crossed the James on steamers the 16th, and 
marched to within two or three miles of Petersburg. The division 
supported the Ninth Corps in its engagement of the 17th, and the 
next day the Twelfth were again on the skirmish line, and under 
command of Lieutenant Colonel Cook drove the enemy from the 
railroad in fine style preparatory to the attack of the brigade in 
connection with Griffin's Division and the Ninth Corps later. A 
point within a hundred yards of the hostile works was reached, 
held and intrenched. There the regiment remained till the expira- 
tion of its term of service, lying in the trenches, extending the 
fortifications or constructing a covered way to the rear. 

Colonel Bates returned to the regiment on the 25th, it moved to 
the rear for the last time, and prepared to return to Massachusetts 
and the pursuits of peace. The re-enlisted men and recruits, 241 
in number, of Avhom 125 were present for duty, — were turned over 
to the Thirty-ninth Regiment and the remainder — 85 — marched to 
City Point and took steamer to Washington, whence they were 
forwarded to Boston by rail. Along the route invalids and absen- 
tees rejoined the command till it numbered 170 when Boston was 
reached on the morning of July 1. The reception at Faneuil Hall 
was worthy the proud record of the Twelfth, and at its conclusion 
the men were furloughed till the 8th, when they re-assembled on 
Boston Common and the " Webster Regiment " was formally mus- 
tered out of service by Lieutenant Moroney of the United States 
Army. 



THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirteenth llegiment was the outgrowth of the Fourth 
Battalion of Rifles, of which organization two companies had 
been formed during the winter of 1860-61 and the other two 
directly after the attack on Fort Sumter. The battalion was com- 
manded l)y Major Samuel H. Leonard of Boston, who had been 
brigadier general of the Worcester Brigade, while most of the sul> 
ordinate officers had made their mark in the militia organizations 
of Boston. Having uniformed themselves and ajjplied for any pos- 
sible military service, the four companies were on the 25th of May, 
1861, sent with an additional company from Roxbury to garrison 
Fort Inde])cndence in Boston Harbor. The battalion remained at 
the fort on duty till the early ])urt of July, when five other com- 
panies were added to complete the regimental organization which 
it had been decided to form. On the 16th of July the regiment was 
sufficiently complete to admit of muster, with the following roster 
of officers, Boston being the place of residence unless otherwise 
designated : — 

Colonel, Samuel H. Leonard ; lieutenant colonel, N. Walter liatchel- 
der ; major, J. Parker Gould of Stoneham ; surgeon, AUston W. Wliit-. 
neyof Franiinghum; assistant surgeon, J. Theodore Heard ; chai)lain. 
Noah M. Gaylord ; adjutant, David H. Bradlee ; quartermaster, 
George E. Craig; sergeant major, Elliott C. Pierce of Weymouth; 
quartermaster sergeant, Thomas R. Wells of Cambridge ; commissary 
sergeant, Melvin S. Smith ; hospital steward, John H. White of Cam- 
bridgeport; leader of band, Thomas C. Richardson of Sudbury. 

Company A, Boston City Guard — Captain, James A. Fox; first 
lieutenant, Samuel N, Neat; second lieutenant, George Bush. 

Company B — Captain, Josephs. Cary ; first lieutenant, John G. 
Hovey ; second lieutenant, Augustus N. Sampson. 

Company C — Captain, John Kurtz; first lieutenant, William B. 
Jackson of Watertown ; second lieutenant, Walter H. Judson of 
Chelsea. 



236 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 

Company I) — Captuin, Augustine Uarlovv ; first lieutenant, Charles 
H. Ilovey ; second lieutenant, William H. Cary. 

Company E — Captain, Charles R. M. Pratt ; first lieutenant, Joseph 
Colburn ; second lieutenant, Edwin II. Frost, all of lioxbury. 

Company F — Captain, Henry Whitcombof Boston ; first lieutenant, 
Abel H. Pope ; second lieutenant, Charles F. Morse, both of Marlboro. 

Company G, Grey Eagles — Captain, Eben W. Fiske ; first lieuten- 
ant, Loring S. Richardson; second lieutenant, John H. Foley all of 
Stoneham. 

Comi)any H, Mechanic Rillemen — Captain, William L. Clark of 
Dorchester ; first lieutenant. Perry D. Chamberlain ; second lieuten- 
ant, Francis Jenks, both of Natick. 

Company I — Captain, Robert C. H. Screiber of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, Moses P. Palmer ; second lieutenant, David L. Brown of 
Marlboro. 

Company K, Westboro Rifies — Captain, William V. Blackmer of 
Westboro ; first lieutenant, William B. Bacon of Worcester ; second 
lieutenant, Charles B. Fox of Dorchester. 

The regiment left Fort Independence July 29, taking cars by 
-way of Worcester and Norwich, halting in New York a portion of 
the following day, going thence by the Camden and Amboy railroad 
via Pliiladcl])hia and Han-isburg to Ilagerstown, Md., where it ar- 
rived on the 1st of August. Resting there a day, it made a con- 
tinuous march of 26 miles to within a short distance of Harper's 
Ferry, but two days later retraced its stc])s some 15 miles and 
crossed the mountains to Sharpsburg, where it was ordered to guard 
the fords in that vicinity, forming a part of General Charles S. 
Hamilton's (afterward Stilcs's) Second Brigade, Banks's Division. 
The other regiments of the brigade were the Ninth New York 
Militia (Eighty-third Volunteers), Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania and 
Third Wisconsin. 

Four of the Companies were placed on duty at head-quarters in 
Sharpsburg, two each at Antictani Ford, Shepardstown Ford and a 
point some miles up the river. These j)Ositions were held till the 
21st, when the command rc-asscmbled at Sliar{)sburg and set out for 
Sandy Hook, opposite Harper's Ferry, having during its picket duty 
taken part in several skirmishes across the Potomac, in which some 
men had been wounded, and one or two killed. Two companies 
Avere now put onj;uard at the river, the rest of the regiment bivou- 
acking near by till the 3d of September, when it was ordered to 
General Banks's head-quarters at Darnestown, one company being 
sent to Monocacy Junction to inspect the railroad trains passing 



THE THinTEEXril BEG IM EXT. 237 

that point. Colonel Leonard with his seven reraaininix companies- 
was on the 10th of October ordered to "Williamsport, 60 miles up the 
river, where he arrived on the 14th, and was assigned to the com- 
mand of the district between Harper's Ferry and Hancock. The 
regiment remained on duty in the vicinity of Williamsport during 
the balance of the year, making excursions to other points as raid- 
ing forces of the enemy appeared, and engaged in picket and other 
service, enduring much hardship, but inaintaining a health record 
surpassed by very few regiments in the army. The three detached 
companies rejoined the main body the last of October. Late in 
November, and again early in January, 1862, four companies were 
sent to Hancock, in response to calls for reinforcements, and on the 
latter occasion the detachment remained there till the end of the 
month, when it rejoined the regiment at "Williamsport, where it had 
gone into " wint<?r quarters." 

The winter camp at Williamsport was occupied till late in Feb- 
ruary, 1862, the regiment furnishing frequent details, many of 
them of a permanent nature for duty in the neighborhood ; but 
on the 24th of that month the detachments had all been called in 
and marching orders were received, though the command did not 
move till the 1st of March. It then crossed the Potomac and 
marched till far into the night, when it reached Martinsburg and 
was quartered in some vacant buildings. After remaining there 
till the 6th, another march was made, taking the regiment to Bun- 
ker Hill, where it joined its brigade and was quartered in a church 
and some neighboring buildings. It left Bunker Hill on the 11th, 
having been assigned to another brigade, and reached Winchester 
on the 12th, being made provost guard in that city, but on tlie 20tli 
it was relieved and joined the Second Brigade of Banks's Division, 
commanded by General Abercrombie, to which it had been assigned. 
Its associate regiments were the Twelfth Massachusetts, Twelfth 
and Sixteenth Indiana and Eighty-third New York. 

On being relieved from duty in the city the regiment began a 
march toward Washington, the column crossing the Blue Ridge, 
retracing its steps from Aldie through the Gap on the supposition 
that General Banks needed reinforcement, then facing about and 
continuing eastward till on the 2d of April the main body of the 
regiment had reached Warrcnton Junction, Company A having 
been left at Manassas Junction. During the seven weeks which 



238 3IASSACIIUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

followed the Thirteenth remained on duty along the railroad in that 
vicinity, its brigade connections being again changed by the consti- 
tuting of the forces under General Banks a corps, known at that 
time as the Fifth. The Thirteenth was made part of General 
Hartsuff' s Brigade of Williams's Division, and associated with it 
were the Fifth Connecticut, Twenty-eighth New York, First Mary- 
land, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania and Twelfth Indiana Regiments. 

This arrangement lasted but a short time, as the establishing of 
the Department of the Rappahannock, under command of General 
McDowell, called for a reorganization, and Hartsuff's Brigade was 
reduced to four regiments, comprising besides the Thirteenth the 
Twelfth Massachusetts, Eleventh Pennsylvania and Eighty-third 
New York. It was designated as the Third Brigade, Second Divis- 
ion, McDowell's Corps ; General E. 0. C. Ord was the division com- 
mander. On the 12th of ^\a,y the regiment began the march toward 
Fredericksburg, halting at Falmouth on the 14th and remaining 
there with some changes of camp and short excursions in the vicin 
ity till the 25th. It then marched to Acquia Creek and on the fol- 
lowing day went by transport John Brooks to Alexandria, whence 
it was taken by rail to Thoroughfare Gap and marched on the 31st 
to Front Royal, passing on to iStrasburg and beyond in the next few 
days, but returning to Front Royal on the 4th of June, with the 
loss of two members of the pioneer detail drowned. Remaining 
there till the 17th, the regiment took cars back to Manassas, where 
a further halt was made till the 4th of July, when the location was 
changed to near Gainesville where the month passed. 

The regiment took part in the advance to Cedar Mountain, August 
9, but was not actively engaged and met with no loss. It had part 
in the subsequent strategic movements preceding the Second Bull 
Run battle, the division, at that time under the command of Gen- 
eral Ricketts, marching to Thoroughfare Gap on the 28th, and 
though it arrived late in the day serving to delay the march of Long- 
street's Corps, which was coming down that way to unite with Jack- 
son. The Thirteenth lost two members of Comi)any F killed. The 
division fell back at night to Bristoe Station, a movement which 
took it out of position for the fighting of the next day. During 
the early part of the 30th, the final day of the battle, the division 
was massed as support to the Union right, and moved to various 
points in that capacity ; but in the afternoon it was ordered to the 



I 



THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 239 

left, where General Longstreet was making great efforts to gain 
possession of the Centcrville turnpike. Ilartsuff's Brigade (com- 
manded l)y Colonel John W. Stiles, Hartsuff being ill) moved in 
the rear of the front line then in action and took position in support 
of the left, the Thirteenth beijig {he extreme left regiment of the 
line, near the Henry House. The front line soon gave away, 
when the Thirteenth opened fire, and though exposed to an enfilad- 
ing fire of musketry and artillery fought gallantly for some time, 
though constantly losing heavily. While the regiment was attempt- 
ing to execute an order to occupy a piece of woods a short distance 
at the left, which the enemy had already gained, the whole Union 
left gave way, and the Thirteenth with other troops were obliged to 
fall back, rallying in the rear of the hospitals, and at night-fall re- 
treating still further, continuing the rctrogade movement to Center- 
ville next morning. The loss of the Thirteenth in the battle was 
193, of whom 19 were killed, 108 wounded and 66 missing. 

-The battle closed an unfortunate campaign, so far as the Federal 
leaders were concerned, only to open it immediately under new 
management. General Lee, at the head of the victorious Confeder- 
ates, turned toward ^Maryland, hoping to win that commonwealth to 
the cause of secession and wishing to carry the field of strife away 
from Virginia. General Pope was relieved from command, the 
Army of Virginia with which he had been operating ceased to exist 
as such, but was consolidated with the Army of the Potomac, and 
General McClellan, the restored commander-in-chief, marched in 
pursuit of the enemy, reorganizing his army as he went. By this 
change the Thirteenth Regiment found itself designated as I)elong- 
ing to the Third Brigade, Second Division, First Corps. General 
Hooker commanded the corps, but the division and brigade com- 
manders were unchanged. 

The regiment was with its division in support and not actively 
engaged at the battle of South Mountain, September 14, but in the 
fierce battle of the Antietam, three days later, it had its full share. 
Near night of the 16th, Hooker's Corps crossed the creek and took 
position well up to the left of the Confederate line of battle, after 
some fighting in which the Thirteenth did not take part. Ricketts's 
Division had the left of the corps, and when the advance was made 
next morning Hartsuff's Brigade had the center of the division, with 
the other two brigades in echelon, the Thirteenth being the left 



240 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

center regiment. The line advanced for some distance till it came 
under a heavy fire and was within a few hundred feet of the enemy 
when it opened fire and the action became deadly. The two 
right regiments of the brigade were after a stubborn contest obliged 
to fall back, having suffered severe loss ; another regiment !ook 
their places and that in turn gave way. The regiment at the left, 
the Eighty-third New York, was also obliged to fall back, so that 
before the order came to the Thirteenth to retire it was left alone 
of the brigade line. The few hundred men that remained of the 
division were reformed and placed in line, ready to respond to any 
call which might be made upon them, but they were not again sent 
into the fight. The loss of the Thirteenth Regiment during the two 
hours or less that it had been engaged reached 139, of whom 15 
were killed, 120 wounded and four missing. 

Following the battle the regiment remained in camp near the field 
till the 26th of October, when the march southward began ; the 
Potomac was crossed at Berlin on the 30th, and on the 1st of Novem- 
ber camp was pitched within a short distance of Warrenton. On 
the 8th the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station, on the 18th 
to Stafford Court House, and on the 23d to Brooks's Station, where 
it remained till on the 9th of December it began to feel its way 
toward what was to be the battlefield of Fredericksburg. The Thir- 
teenth still belonged to the same brigade and division, but not a few 
changes had occurred among the commanders. General Burnside 
had taken the command of the Army of the Potomac ; the First 
Corps was commanded by General Reynolds, the Second Division, 
by General John Gibbon, and the Third Brigade by General Nelson 
Taylor. The Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment had been transferred 
to the Second Brigade of the same division, and the Ninety-seventh 
New York and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania were added to the Third 
Brigade. 

The Thirteenth with their division crossed the Rappahannock at 
Franklin's Ijridgcs, some three miles below the city of Fredericks- 
burg, early on the morning of the 12th, moving to the left near the 
river, where the regiment deployed as skirmishers, advanced to the 
Richmond stage road, and remained during the night which fol- 
lowed and next morning till the opening of the battle. The skir- 
mish line moved forward and engaged the enemy, keeping up a 
sharp fire till the division in line of battle advanced and passed to 



THE TIIIHTEENTH REGUIENT. 



241 



the front. The eight companies of the Thirteenth which had been 
on the skirmish line for 24 hours then rallied on the two in re- 
serve and the regiment was sent to the rear for a fresh supi)ly of 
ammunition. Before it was ready to resume active operations at 
the front the fight there had practically ceased ; General Meade's 
Division, the Third, had made its magnificent attack, supported by 
the Second (Gibbon's), and the shattered forces had fallen back 
with heavy loss. General Gibbon was wounded and General Tay- 
lor assuiped command of the division, placing the Third Brigade 
in the hands of Colonel Leonard. Position was taken near the 
Kichmond road, where the brigade remained during the night. It 
staid in that vicinity, in fact, till the withdrawal of the Federal 
troops from that side of the river, no further fighting of conse- 
quence taking place. Recrossing on the. night of the 15th, the 
regiment at first bivouacked some two miles from the river, but on 
the 19tli it moved to the vicinity of Fletcher's Chapel into a more 
permanent camp. The loss of the Thirteenth during the battle of 
Fredericksburg was but three killed and 11 wounded, its service on 
the skirmish line having saved it from the severe loss which had 
met the regiments forming the line of battle. At the close of the 
engagement, though the largest regiment in the brigade in num- 
bers, it had but 314 present for duty. 

The Thirteenth shared in the Mud March of January 20, 1863, 
on which day it broke camp and advanced a few miles beyond 
Stoneman's Switch, where on the 21st it was obliged to halt owing 
to the impassable nature of the roads, returning to the old cam{)S 
on the 23d. No other event of importance occurred till the open- 
ing of the Chancellorsville campaign under General Hooker, when 
on the 28th of April the First Corps marched toward the Rai)pa- 
hannock, taking position below Pollock's Mill, where bridges were 
thrown across the river and one division crossed to the Spottsyl- 
vania shore and established a line of battle covering the bridge 
heads. While lying near the river on the north bank on the 30th 
the regiment was fired upon by the Confederate artillery from be- 
yond the river, by which Compan}^ F suffered a severe loss, Captain 
George Bush and Second Lieutenant William Cord well of Wcst- 
boro being killed and Sergeant J. S. Fay losing an arm and a leg. 
Taking shelter behind the embankments of the highway, the regi- 
ment was protected from further loss, and remained in that vicinity 



2J2 MASSACHUSETTS IJV THE WAR. 

till the 2d of May, when it was ordered to the right where the 
main battle was being fought under the immediate command of 
General Hooker. The First Corps crossed the Rappahannock at 
United States Ford and late that evening took position on the Ely's 
Ford road at the right of the Union lines, near Hunting Run. 
This position was intrenched and occupied by the corps during the 
two or three days following without engagement, the only active 
part taken by the Thirteenth Regiment being on the 4th, when with 
the Twelfth Massachusetts and a section of artillery it made recon- 
naissance to the right by the Ely's Ford road under direction of 
General Robinson, the division commander. Encountering the 
enemy's pickets and receiving their fire, the column returned to the 
main body, being under strict orders to bring on no engagement, 
the loss of the Thirteenth being seven men wounded. The regi- 
ment recrossed the river on the 6th, marched to Falmouth, and soon 
after moved to the vicinity of White Oak Church, where with two 
or three changes of camp it remained till the 12th of June. 

Meantime it had been transferred to the First Brigade of the 
same division, the division having been reorganized into two bri- 
gades. The brigade commander was General Gabriel R. Paul, and 
the regiments composing the l)rigade, in addition to the Thirteenth, 
were the Sixteenth Maine, Ninety-fourth and One Hundred and 
Fourth New York and One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania, to 
which at the time of the battle at Gettysburg the Eleventh Penn- 
sylvania was added by transfer from the Second Brigade. Break- 
ing camp on the 12th, the regiment marched northward till the 
15th, when it reached Bull Run where the corps formed line of 
battle facing nearly north, but soon marched to Centerville, where 
one day's rest was had. The 18th and 19th took the regiment to 
Guilford Station, 20 miles northward, where it rested with the ex- 
ception of picket duty till the 25th, when the movement northward 
was resumed with great energy. The Potomac was crossed that 
day at Edwards Ferry, the Monocacy next day at Greenfield, and 
by daily marches the corps moved forward till on the 30th its lead- 
ing division encountered the pickets of the enemy and line of 
battle was formed. 

The brigade formed the rear of the corps next day, July 1, as it 
marched to Gettysburg, and when it passed the village and moved 
out to the vicinity of the Seminary the First and Third Divisions 



THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 243 

were already desperately engaged. Robinson's Division at first 
took position as a reserve force and threw up light intrenchmcnts, 
but presently Baxter's (Second) Brigade was sent to take position 
on the right of the two divisions already engaged, and not long 
after Paul's Brigade followed in the effort to establish connection 
between the First Cor])s and the Eleventh, the latter being posted 
north of the town with a considerable gap between its left and the 
right of the First Corps. After being in action for some time, dur- 
ing which Colonel Leonard was wounded and retired, leaving the 
regiment in charge of Lieutenant Colonel Batchelder, the Thir- 
teenth made a successful charge upon a force of the enemy posted 
behind a road and captured seven officers and 125 enlisted men who 
were sent to the rear. But the Eleventh Corps gave away before 
the determined charges of the Confederates, exposing the flank of 
the brigade, the Thirteenth holding the extreme right of the First 
Corps, General Paul had been shot through both eyes and his troops 
sadly decimated — there was nothing possible but retreat or anni- 
hilation for the organizations which still held their ground, and the 
Thirteenth Regiment with the others fell back through the town 
and was rallied on the liights of Cemetery Ridge — what was left of 
it. Some 280 officers and men had been taken into action, of whom 
17 had been killed or mortally wounded, dying during the day, while 
the wounded and captured brought the total loss to 189, about 100 
unwounded being made prisoners in the town during the retreat. 

Thp remnant of the regiment remained on Cemetery Hill in sup- 
port of the Federal batteries during that night and the following 
day till the attack by General Longstreet on the Union left, when 
it moved over to that part of the field, but finding the repulse of 
the enemy already effected returned to its former position, whence 
it was soon after advanced in front of the batteries, occupying a 
position near the outskirts of the town. It retired again to the 
crest in the morning, and during the day changed position several 
times. It went to the support of the Second Corps when the ^rcat 
attack of the war was made by General Pickett, but did not reach 
the scene of conflict till the fighting had practically ceased, when it 
relieved a portion of the line, threw out skirmishers, built earth- 
works and bivouacked for the night, expecting a renewal of the bat- 
tle in the morning. But the battle was ended. On the morning of 
the 5th it was discovered that the Confederates had retreated, but 



244 IIASSACHUSETTS IN TUB WAB. 

it was not till next morning that the First Corps l^egan its march 
in pursuit. On the 8tli the regiment reached South Mountain, where 
it intrenched and halted till the 10th, when it continued the march 
to Beaver Creek, built more works and remained till the 12th. Then 
came another movement forward, this time to Funkstown, where 
line of battle was formed, and, as the two armies were in proximity, 
more works were thrown up and another wait ensued. Morning of 
the 14th showed the Confederates in Virginia, and with the rest 
of the disappointed Army of the Potomac the Thirteenth Regiment 
began the march down the river, crossing on the ponton bridge 
at Berlin the 18th and advancing, now leisurely and now with great 
energy, till it brought up at Rappahannock Station on the 27th. 

Then followed on the part of both armies some months of maneu- 
vering for position, with repeated efforts on both sides to catch the 
adversary at a disadvantage, during which the soldiers moved back 
and forth over the well-worn ground. On the 1st of August the 
Thirteenth covered the crossing of Buford's cavalry near the Station 
and followed it across the Rappahannock, where the brigade in- 
trenched and remained for a week, being relieved en the 8th and 
recrossing the river. After a few days of inaction the Union army 
moved southward, and the Thirteenth again crossed the river, 
halting at Culpeper on the 17th, camping there till the 24th and 
then advancing to the Rapidan at Raccoon Ford, in which vicinity it 
remained till the 10th of October. On that day it moved early toward 
Morton's Ford, and finding that the Confederate army was making 
a flank movement, the regiment with the other Union troops began 
a rapid march northward. This ended soon after noon of the 
ilth at Centerville, when the regiment was deployed as skirmishers 
and advanced to Bull Run, bivouacking that night near the Stone 
bridge and next day falling back again to Centerville, where the 
command remained till the 19th. It then advanced to Haymarket 
and next day to Thoroughfare Gap, where it encamped, having met 
slight opposition from the enemy. While there Colonel Leonard 
returned to duty and took command of the brigade. 

While the main body of the Army of the Potomac had gone 
south once more, following the retiring Army of Northern Vir- 
ginia, the First Corps was assigned to the duty of guarding the 
railroad from Alexandria over which General Meade's supplies 
must be forwarded, and the Thirteenth marched on the 24th of 



THE TUIRTEENTU REGIMENT. 245 

October to Bristoc Station in a cold rain-storm, remaining there 
till the 5th of Noveml)er. Then came an advance to Catlett's 
Station and a stop of a day or two ; but on the morning of the 7tli 
the regiment broke camp and marched toward the Rappahannock, 
crossed it next day at Kelly's Ford and advanced as far as Brandy 
Station following the retiring Confederates. Late on the 9th the 
regiment returned across the river at Rappahannock Station and 
marched through a severe snow-storm till after midnight, when it 
bivouacked at Licking Run, where it remained till the opening 
movements of the Mine Run cami)aign. 

These began on the 23d, when the regiment left camp and 
marched toward the Rappahannock, but the preparations for the 
advance were not completed till the 26th — Thanksgiving day in 
Massachusetts — when the Thirteenth crossed the Rappahannock 
and the Rapidan at Culpepcr Ford, halting for the night just south 
.of the latter river. In the operations which followed the regiment 
took an active but a bloodless part, having its full share of the 
marching and maneuvering, picketing and suffering from the severe 
cold, and when the cam})aign was abandoned and the various corps 
of the Army of the Potomac cautiously withdrew from confronting 
the enemy and made their way back across the Rapidan, the Thir- 
teenth was one of the First Corps regiments which covered the 
recrossing at Germania Ford, afterward going into camp near 
Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock. Here tiie regiment remained 
for some time, but about Christmas it moved some 20 miles to the 
front and took position at Mitchcirs Station, the most advanced 
post occupied by the army in its winter quarters. 

It remained there through the winter and till the opening of the 
campaign in the spring of 1864, being engaged in picket duty along 
the Rapidan, the north bank of which was occupied by the Union 
soldiers, while the Confederates picketed the south side. Numerous 
changes occurred in the make up of the army and in the regimental 
roster as the time for resuming active operations drew near. The 
First Corps was discontinued as an organization and its divisions 
were transferred to the Fifth Corps, so that the Thirteenth found 
itself a part of the First Brigade, Second Division. General War- 
ren commanded the corps, General Robinson the division and 
Colonel Leonard the brigade, which in addition to the Thirteenth 
contained the Thirty -ninth Massachusetts, Sixteenth Maine and 



246 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

One Hundred and Fourth New York Regiments. Soon after the 
middle of April Lieutenant Colonel Batclielder resigned and Major 
Gould was commissioned colonel of the Fifty-ninth Massachusetts 
Veteran Regiment, — the first changes which had occurred in the 
field officers of the Thirteenth, though Colonel Leonard had much 
of the time served as brigade commander. To fill these vacancies 
Captain Charles H. Hovey was commissioned lieutenant colonel 
and took command of the regiment, while Captain Elliot C. Pierce 
was made major. At about the same time Surgeon Whitney re- 
turned to the regiment after having been for six months or more 
an inmate of Libby Prison. The command had long been with- 
out a chaplain, Chaplain Gaylord having resigned in March, 1863. 

The winter (juarters were abandoned on the 26th of April, the 
regiment camping near by for a few days, and on the od of May, 
with the rest of the brigade which had been stationed at Mitchell, 
it retraced its way seven miles to Culpeper, where its division had 
wintered. That night the movement of the army began and next 
afternoon the Rapidan was crossed at Germania Ford, near which 
the regiment passed the night. The part taken in the battle of the 
Wilderness by the Thirteenth was not important, its loss being ten 
wounded. Second Lieutenant Joseph H'. Stuart of Natick mortally, 
dying on the 10th. His wound was received while the regiment 
was intrenching in the vicinity of the Brock road, whither the divis- 
ion had been sent to support the Second Corps ; the others were 
received during the first day's fighting. Colonel Leonard being ill, 
the command of the brigade passed to Colonel Peter Lyle. 

The Fifth Corps, General Warren, led in the movement toward 
Spottsylvania in the evening of the 7th, and at daylight next morn- 
ing, after an all-night march through dark forests, paused near 
Todd's Tavern to rest, while the cavalry were engaged with the 
Confederates in front. The infantry were soon ordered into action, 
however, the nature of the groimd being unfavorable for cavalry 
operations, and the enemy were speedily driven out. It is believed 
that the colors of the Thirteenth were the first planted on the hos- 
tile works, and the staff was cut off by a solid shot from the 
rebel artillery. An advance was then made to Alsop's, where the 
foe was found in force and an attack was made by the division 
which failed to dislodge him. In this engagement the regiment 
had two killed, including First Lieutenant Charles W. Whitcomb of 



THE TllIRTEEyTlI liEGIMENT. 247 

Brooklinc, N. H., 15 wounded and 12 missing. General Robinson 
losing- a leg and many of his general and Held ollicers having been 
disabled, the division, after being commanded for a short time by 
Colonel Leonard, who was the senior officer left on duty, was divided 
on the 9th among the other three divisions, to each of which a bri- 
gade was assigned. The First Brigade was attached to what had 
been the Fourth Division, commanded by General Cutler since the 
death of General Wadsworth in the Wilderness. 

In the engagement of the 10th of May the regiment proper was 
curiously enough composed of only a handful of commissioned and 
warrant officers in charge of the colors, every private being detailed 
for skirmish duty or in carrying ammunition to the front line. Of 
those on the picket line, three were wounded. A movement to the 
left was made by the corps on the loth in which the regiment took 
part, but the hoped-for opening for an attack was not found, and 
from that time till the close of the operations before Spottsylvania 
the position at the left was occupied, with many changes of loca- 
tion and numerous exciting episodes, but little actual conflict. The 
regiment withdrew on the 21st for the march to the North Anna, 
leaving a part of its number on picket, of whom Captain William 
S. Damrell and three enlisted men were made prisoners. The 
North Anna was crossed by the Thirteenth at Jericho Ford on the 
23d, and the regiment had part in the repulse of the Confederate 
attack that was made soon after, its casualties being five Avounded. 

Finding the ]Dosition of the enemy at the North Anna apparently 
impregnable, the Union commanders continued the movement to- 
ward Richmond by the left flank, and the Thirteenth Regiment 
shared in the marching and skirmishing which ensued till Bethesda 
Church was reached on the 1st of June. Something of a contest 
took place there, in which, two members of the regiment were 
wounded, one mortally. On General Grant's deciding to move the 
Army of the Potomac south of the James river, the Fifth Corps 
was withdrawn from its position at the right and moved to the left 
at Cold Harbor, being extended to the Chickahominy. There for 
the lirst time in more than a month the Thirteenth enjoyed a few 
days of comparative rest, the loss of the command since the first of 
the month having been one killed, six wounded and two captured, 
all on the skirmish line. 

The James river was crossed by transports at Windmill Point on 



248 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the 16th, and two days later the regiment took position before the 
Confederate worlvs at Petersburg, where for four weeks it re- 
mained under command of Major Pierce — Lieutenant Colonel 
Hovey being disabled by illness — either serving on the skirmish 
line, in the trenches or building earthworks, their severest labor 
being in the building of Fort Warren. During this time the loss of 
the command was two killed and 17 wounded. On the 13th of July 
the re-enlisted men and recruits were transferred to the Thirty- 
ninth Massachusetts and the following day the remaining members 
of the Thirteenth withdrew from the line and marched to City 
Point. Transports were taken there next morning for Washing- 
ton; on the 21st Boston was reached and the war-worn band of 
some 280 members received a warm welcome, being mustered out 
and disbanded on the 1st of August. 



THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fourteenth Regiment was made up of Essex County com- 
panies which enlisted and organizeil soon after the call for 
three-months' troops, but whose services could not be im- 
mediately accepted. On the 25th of June, 1861, however, they were 
ordered to Fort Warren and the regimental organization was com- 
pleted, the command being mustered into the national service on 
the 5th of July, with the following roster : — 

Colonel, William B. Greene of Haverhill ; lieutenant colonel, Samuel 
C. Oliver of Salem ; major, Levi P. Wriglit of Lawrence ; surgeon, 
David Dana, Jr., of Lawrence; assistant surgeon, Samuel K. Towle 
of Haverhill ; chaplain, Stephen Barker of Andover ; adjutant, Charles 
F. Simons of Boston ; quartermaster, Andrew Washburn of Newton ; 
sergeant major, Amos Henfield of Salem; quartermaster sergeant, 
William Glass of South Boston; commissary sergeant, Arthur Lee 
Drew; hospital steward, John M. Pillsbury; leader of band, Isaac A. 
Boy n ton, all of Haverhill. 

Company A, Heard Guards of Ipswich — Captain, Nathaniel Shats- 
well; first lieutenant, Milton B. Shattuck; second lieutenant, Lee R. 
Worcester. 

Company B, Methuen — Captain, Leverett Bradley; first lieutenant,. 
Jeremy B. Ward well; second lieutenant, Christopher S. Heath. 

Company C, Mechanic Phalanx of Lynn — Captain,, Alonzo G. 
Draper; first lieutenant, Archelaus C. Wyman; second lieutenant, 
Josiah H. Sparks. 

Company D, Essex Cadets — Captain, Seth S. Buxton; first lieuten- 
ant, James Pope, both of Salem; second lieutenant, Frank W. Tag- 
gard of South Danvers. 

Company B, Amesbury — Captain, Joseph W. Sargent; first lieuten- 
ant, William F. Martins; second lieutenant, Benjamin C. Atkinson. 

Company F, Scott Guards — Captain, Samuel Langmaid; first lieu- 
tenant, Joseph W. Kimball, both of Lawrence ; second lieutenant, 
Richard P. C ashman of Haverhill. 

Company G, Marblehcad — Captain, Benjamin Day; first lieutenant, 
Charles P. Noyes; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Martin. 

Company H, Andover Light Infantry — Ca})tain, Horace Holt; first 
lieutenant, Charles H. Poor; second lieutenant, Moses W. Clement. 



250 3IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company I, Putnam Guards of Danvers — Captain, Arthur A. Put- 
nam ; first lieutenant, Charles H. Adams, Jr. ; second lieutenant, 
William J. Eoome. 

Company K, City Guards of Lawrence — Captain, Frank A. Rolfe; 
first lieutenant, William Preston ; second lieutenant, Albert A. Davis. 

Colonel Greene was a West Point graduate, who in the regular 
army had seen active service in Florida and elsewhere, but at the 
opening of the war had for some years been living in Paris. He at 
once hastened to his native land to offer his sword in behalf of the 
government, and on receiving the commission of colonel set about 
perfecting his command according to the standard of his rich and 
valuable experience, at home and abroad. The result was that when 
his regiment was ordered to the front, August 7, it had already at- 
tained a great degree of efficiency. Setting out at night in a heavy 
rain-storm, the Fourteenth departed under orders for Harper's 
Ferry, but on reaching Baltimore found other orders, directing the 
command to Washington, On reaching the national capital, after 
marching about the city in a storm and a night's bivouac on the 
wet ground without shelter, the regiment went into camp at Camp 
Kalorama, Meridian Hights, near the city. 

After remaining there for about a week, Colonel Greene vrixs di- 
rected with his command to garrison Fort Albany, a strong earth- 
work on the Virginia side of the Potomac commanding Washing- 
ton. So acceptably was this service rendered that not long after- 
ward Fort Runyon, three-quarters of a mile distant, the works 
guarding the head of Long Bridge, and the Virginia end of the 
bridge itself were added to the regiment's guard and garrison duty. 
So efficient did the command prove in the position that after several 
months had passed it was decided to change the regiment from an 
infantry to a heavy artillery organization, and at the beginning of 
the year 18G2 the transformation Avas made. The regiment was 
therefore recruited to the required numbers, officered and modeled 
on the standard of the United States Heavy Artillery regiments. 
(See First Heavy Artillery.) 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifteenth Rciiiment was a Worcester county oriranization, 
com])oscd of three companies of state militia, supplemented 
])V Aolnnteer companies. It was on the 28th of June, 1861, 
ordered to Camp Scott, two miles from Worcester, and placed under 
command of Brigadier General (Jeorge H. Ward of the Massachu- 
setts ]\rilitia, the colonelcy being offered to Major Charles Devens, 
Jr., then in command of the Third Battalion of Rifles at Fort Mc- 
Henry, near Baltimore. Returning on the 20th of July he accepted 
the proffer and the organization of the regiment was rajiidly com- 
pleted. Company K had been mustered on the 1st, the other com- 
panies on the 12th, and the line officers followed on the 1st of 
August, the roster being as follows : — 

Colonel, Charles Devens, Jr.; lieutenant colonel, George II. Ward, 
botli of Worcester; major, Jolin W. Kimball of Fitchburg; surgeon, 
Joseph N. Bates; assistant surgeon, S. Foster Haven, Jr., both of 
Worcester; chaplain, William G. 8canlan of Grafton; adjutant, George 

A. Hicks; quartermaster, Church Howe, both of Princeton; sergeant 
major, Francis A. Walker of North Brooktield; quartermaster sergeant, 
William R. Steele of Worcester; commissary sergeant, William G. 
Waters of Gorham, Me.; hospital steward, Henry L. Bearing of Bos- 
ton; leader of band, II. P. Goddard of Worcester. 

Company A, Leominster — Captain, George W. Rockwood; first lieu- 
tenant, Leonard Wood; second lieutenant, Frank W. Policy. 

Comi)any B, Fitchburg Fusileers — Captain, Clark S. Simonds; first 
lieutenant, Joseph M. Goddard ; second lieutenant, Charles H. Eager. 

Company C, Clinton Light Guard — Captain, Henry Bowman; first 
lieutenant, Andrew L. Fuller, both of Clinton; second lieutenant, 
James N. Johnson of Northboro. 

Company D, Worcester — Captain, John M. Studley; first lieuten- 
ant, Edwin P. Woodward; second lieutenant, J. William Grout. 

Company E, De Witt Guards of Oxford — Ca])tain, Charles H. Wat- 
son: first lieutenant, Nelson Bartholomew; second lieutenant, Barnard 

B. Vassell. 



252 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company F, Brookfield — Captain, Sardus S. Sloan; first lieutenant, 
Jeremiah E. Green; second lieutenant, Lyman E. Ellingwood. 

Company G, Grafton — Captain, Walter Forehand; lirst lieutenant, 
Xewell K. Holden; second lieutenant, Stephen L. Kearney. 

Company H — Captain, Charles Philbrick; first lieutenant, Henry 
S. Taft, both of Northbridge ; second lieutenant, Richard Derby of 
Boston. 

Company I, Slater Guards of Webster — Captain, George C. Joslin 
of Worcester ; first lieutenant, Amos Bartlett ; second lieutenant, 
Frank S. Corbin, both of Webster. 

Company K, Blackstone — Captain, Moses W. Gatchell; first lieuten- 
ant, Edwin B. Staples. (Second lieutenant, I. Harris Hoo})er of Bos- 
ton, commissioned October 8.) 

The ladies of Worcester presented the regiment with a fine stand 
of colors on tlje 7th of August, and the following day the journey 
to Washington was begun, Baltimore being passed through with 
loaded muskets on the 10th and the capital was reached the follow- 
ing day. The command was at once directed to Camp Kalorama 
on Meridian Hill, where without being brigaded it remained under 
the orders of General Rufus King for two weeks, doing guard duty 
and drilling. It then marched to Poolesville, Md., starting on the 
afternoon of the 25th and reaching its destination the 27th, when 
it encamped. near the town on a large field, forming part of General 
Charles P. Stone's Corps of Observation, the location being chris- 
tened Camp Foster, in honor of the attorney general of Massachu- 
setts. The Potomac was at that time the dividing line between the 
Federal and Confederate forces, and the Fifteenth were assigned to 
guard a section of the northern bank some three miles in length 
from Conrad's Ferry to the lower end of Harrison Island. 

While thus located, the regiment took the initiative in the dis- 
astrous battle of Ball's Bluff. During the evening of October 20, 
Captain Philbrick crossed from the island where his company was 
posted to the Virginia shore and some little distance from the river 
discovered what was supposed to be a Confederate camp. The 
news being sent to General Stone, that officer ordered Colonel 
Devens with five of his companies to cross the river for the sake of 
breaking up the camp, the crossing being made that night. The 
rest of the regiment followed as far as the island, and next morn- 
ing, when skirmishing began, crossed to the support of their com- 
rades on the south side of the river. Colonel Devens on advancing 
found that no camp existed, but while exjjloring the vicinity small 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 253 

bodies of the enemy appeared at various points and some fighting 
followed, the companies of the Fifteenth finally moving back toward 
the bluff and awaiting reinforcements. Colonel Baker having 
crossed the river with the California Regiment took command of 
the field and formed his line with the Fifteenth on the right, his 
own regiment, a portion of the Twentieth Massachusetts and the 
Seventy-first Pennsylvania being present. The Confederates at- 
tacked in force about 3 o'clock, and after making a desi)erate de- 
fense for two or three hours Colonel Baker's command was utterly 
routed, he being killed and the scattered detachments making the 
best retreat possible, many being drowned or shot in attemi)ting 
to swim the river. Of the 625 of the Fifteenth taken into action 
only about half succeeded in reaching the Maryland side. Two 
officers — Captain Gatchell and Lieutenant Grout — and 12 men were 
killed, 61 wounded and 227 missing, most of the latter prisoners, 
among them Captain Rockwood and Lieutenant Green. Lieutenant 
Colonel Ward was severely wounded, his left leg being amputated 
on the island before he was taken back to camp, and he was for a 
long time unable to resume active duty in the field. 

The remnant of the regiment returned to duty at once, its sad 
loss somewhat compensated by the knowledge that its trial had 
been bravely borne, — as was recognized by the commander-in-chief 
in a deserved compliment. It now became part of the First Brigade 
of General Stone's Division, the other regiments being the First 
Minnesota, Thirty -fourth. Forty -second and Eighty-second New 
York, and the brigade commander General Willis A. Gorman, pro- 
moted from the colonelcy of the First. Many recruits were re- 
ceived during the fall and winter, filling the ranks once more ; but 
the exposure along the Potomac induced much sickness, among the 
deaths being that of Lietenant Bartholomew at Philadelphia, No- 
vember 21. During this time the Forty-second New York was de- 
tached from the brigade, but no other change in organization occur- 
red till the opening of the spring campaign of 1862. 

Mar(;hing orders came to the reu'iment on the 25th of Februarv 
when camp was broken and the command marched to Adamstown 
the following day, whence cars were taken for Harper's Ferry, and 
there the command remained till the 2d of March. Leaving one 
company on provost duty, the others marched to Bolivar Flights, 
stopped there till the 7th, advanced to Charlestown, and from there 



254 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

on the 10th to Berryville, where some skirmishing took place, but 
■without casualty to the Fifteenth. Two or three days later a move- 
ment toward Winchester was made, but as the place had been occu- 
pied by General Banks the column retraced its steps and on the 
15th went into camp again at Bolivar, resting there for a week. On 
the 22d the command took cars from Harper's Ferry for Washing- 
ton, passing on to Alexandria, whence on the 29th transports were 
taken for Hampton. Disembarking on the 1st of April, the regi- 
ment went into camp till the Army of the Potomac should be ready 
for the movement up the Peninsula toward Richmond. The Fif- 
teenth at this time formed part of the First Brigade, First Division, 
Second Corps. The regiments associated with it in the brigade 
were the First Minnesota, Thirty-fourth and Eighty-second New 
York, with the First Company of Andrew Sharpshooters. General 
Gorman was the brigadier, General John Sedgwick in command of 
the division and General Edwin V. Sumner of the corps. 

The advance began on the 4th of April, but came to a pause the 
following day, when the Confederate works in the vicinity of York- 
town were encountered. During the siege operations, which lasted 
for a month, the Fifteenth Regiment was not especially engaged,, 
and suffered the loss of but a few wounded, most of whom were in 
the sharpshooter company which was nominally attached to the 
regiment. During this time Colonel Devens was promoted to bri- 
gadier general. Lieutenant Colonel Ward and Major Kimball were 
each advanced to the next rank, and Captain Philbrick was com- 
missioned major. Colonel Ward being still absent on account of 
•his wound. Lieutenant Colonel Kimball took command of the regi- 
ment. After the evacuation of Yorktown, the flag of the Fifteenth 
was among the first planted on the works, and two days later the 
regiment landed from transports at West Point, forming in support 
of General Franklin's division, then engaged with the enemy, but 
not being called into action. Going into camp a few miles away, 
Sumner's Corps remained for a week or more, then made its way 
slowly across the country toward the Chickahominy river, near 
which it halted on the 22d. 

The battle of Fair Oaks, on the 31st of May, called a portion of 
Sumner's Corps across the Chickahominy to the assistance of the 
troops engaged on the other side of the stream, Gorman's Brigade 
leading. On reaching the scene of action, about 5 o'clock in the 



I 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 255 

afternoon, the Fifteenth Retiiment was at first placed in support of 
other portions of the brig'ade, but was almost immediately changed 
to the vicinity of Kirby's Battery, where it rendered valuable ser- 
vice, relieving the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, and three 
times extricating the guns from the mud into which they were forced 
at each discharge. The regiment was finally moved by the liank 
till it uncovered the troops in its front, when a charge was ordered 
and gallantly executed, other regiments of the brigade joining and 
driving the enemy back in a manner to win high commendation. 
Taking position in the edge of the woods formerly occupied by the 
Confederates, the Fifteenth threw out a picket line and awaited 
during the night and next day a renewal of the conflict ; but the 
fighting of the 1st of June was confined to other portions of the 
field, and at its close the Union troops encamped in the positions 
they then occupied. The loss of the Fifteenth in the battle Avas 
five killed and 17 Avounded. 

From this time till the beginning of the " change of base " to 
the James river the command was engaged in the various duties of 
the encampment, the fatigue details being heavy and a constant ap- 
prehension prevailing of an intention on the part of the enemy to 
renew the fighting. This took place on the 27th and 28tli of June, 
the regiment being moved from point to point in support and fre- 
quently under fire, but with slight loss. At night of the 28th it 
was ordered to Savage's Station to destroy supplies in anticipation 
of the retreat of the Union forces, and gave the following day to 
that disagreeable employ, taking part late in the afternoon in the 
repulse of the Confederate attack, though not actively engaged. 
At (xlendale on the following day and at Malvern Hill on the 1st of 
July the record was similar, the regiment doing much exhausting 
marching and maneuvering, being under fire and in line of battle 
facing the foe repeatedly, frequently by its presence contributing to 
the favorable result of the engagement, but fortunately escajting 
with but slight loss, the record during the entire scries of actions 
being 11 wounded and 27 missing. Falling back early in the morn- 
ing of the 2d of July to the vicinity of Harrison's Landing, the 
Fifteenth, with the entire army, went into camp, and for six weeks 
little occurred to bi'eak the monotony. They took part in the recon- 
naissance to Harrison's Landing on the 4th and 5th of August, but 
not in the skirmishing which took place. 



256 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Camp was broken on the 15tli and the Army of the Potomac 
marched to Newport News, where on the 22d the Fifteenth embarked 
on the transi)ort Mississippi for Alexandria, landing there on the 
Instil and marching- for Chain Bridge, where an opportunity for still 
further recui)eration was expected. But the Army of Virginia 
luidcr General Pope was then fighting at Manassas, and the weary 
column at once turned in that direction, reaching Centerville on 
the 30th in time to assist in covering the retreat of the discomfited 
Union army toward Washington. Some prisoners were taken from 
the regiment in the. operations of the day or two succeeding, but 
with no further loss it crossed the Potomac on the 2d and estab- 
lished camp at Tennallytown. Three days later began the move- 
ment northward, which was to culminate at Antietam, when the 
corps marched as far as Rockville. 

The march was resumed on the 8th, and another halt was made 
at Frederick City from evening of the 9th till the 14th, when the 
corps advanced to South Mountain, and that night the Fifteenth re- 
lieved some of the troops which had been engaged in the battle. 
Finding next morning that the enemy had retired during the night, 
the march was continued to Keedysville. The 16th was spent in 
preparation for the battle of the Antietam, and the day following 
the regiment was called to the most dreadful ordeal during its his- 
tory, in the terrible repulse of General Sedgwick's Division on the 
morning of the 17th of September. This division was taken into 
action about 9 o'clock in close column of brigades, in such manner 
that it was outflanked and almost surrounded by more than three 
times its own nuniber in a very few minutes, the Confederates being 
advantageously disposed for the use'of their entire force, while only 
the front line of the Federals could deliver their fire. The brief 
struggle which resulted was practically a contest between a single 
brigade. on the Union side and ten brigades of Confederates, Sedg- 
wick's second and third lines being slaughtered without being able 
oven to rctui-n the fire of the enemy. The Fifteenth were in the 
front lin(\ and made the best of their opportunities, but in 20 minutes 
aftei- the o])ening of the fire the division had been forced from the 
field, leaving hall its number killed or wounded. In the case of 
this regiment the loss was even greater. It had taken into action 
(ji)6 officers and men, including the comjjany of sharpshooters, of 
whom 343 were killed, wounded or missing. The loss (^f the regi- 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 257 

niont proper was 58 killed or dyino- during- tlic day of their wounds, 
2o4 wounded and 24 missing. Among the killed were Captains 
Clark S. Simonds and Richard Derby and First Lieutenant Frank 
S. Corbin, while First Lieutenant Thomas J. Spurr of Worcester 
received wounds from which he died on the 27th of September. 

The remnants of Sedgwick's Division were not further engaged 
during the battle, and after remaining in occupation of the field till 
the 22d the regiment marched to Harper's Ferry, going into camp 
near the site occui)ied in the early spring. It was not till the 30th 
of October that the advance into Virginia began, when the column 
moved down the cast side of the Blue Ridge, the Fifteenth entering 
Warrenton on the 9th of November. Here another halt was made 
till the Army of the Potomac, having passed under the command 
of General Burnside about the time of reaching Warrenton, was 
ready for the forward movement to Fredericksburg. Many changes 
had naturally taken place in commanders during this time. The 
Second Corps was commanded by General D. N. Couch, the Second 
Division ])y General 0. 0. Howard, and the First Brigade (to which 
the Nineteenth Maine Regiment had been added) by General Alfred 
Sully. Lieutenant Colonel Kimball, who had commanded the Fif- 
teenth from the opening of the cami)aign before Yorktown, was dis- 
charged on the 12tli of November to become colonel of the Fifty- 
third Massachusetts Regiment, the command of the Fifteenth pass- 
ing to Major Philbrick, who was in'turn promoted to the lieutenant 
colonelcy, Captain George C. Joslin being made major. 

The Second and Ninth Corps, forming the right grand division, 
arrived opposite Fredericksburg on the 17th of November, but it 
was not till the 13th of the following month that the preparations 
had been completed for the fighting of the battle. In this engage- 
ment, disastrous as it was to a large part of the Second Corps, which 
bore the brunt of the attack on the Confederate vrorks, the Fif- 
teenth Regiment met with comparatively slight loss. It crossed 
the river to the city toward night of the 11th, and was active during 
the four days and nights which followed, being much of the time 
on the picket line or in support. Its loss was four killed, including 
Surgeon Samuel Foster Haven, Jr., while accompanying the com- 
mand to the skirmish line, 2G were wounded and two missing. 
Among the wounded were Major Philbrick and Adjutant I. Harris 
Hooper. Following the battle the command went into camp on the 



258 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

Falmoutli side of the river, where it remained during the winter, 
Colonel Ward returning to duty and resuming the eommand on the 
5th of February, 1863. During the Chancellorsville campaign, the 
Second Division, then commanded by General Gibbon, crossed the 
river to Fredericksburg early in the morning of the 3d of May, and 
co-operated with the Sixth Corps in the movements of that. day, but 
was not closely engaged, and the Fifteenth Regiment, though exposed 
to considerable artillery fire, had but two men slightly wounded. 
It then went into cam]) again, where it remained till the opening of 
the Gettysburg campaign. 

The movement northward began on the 14th of June. The term 
of service of the Thirty-fourth New York expiring about this time 
reduced the brigade to four regiments under the command of 
General William Harrow — General Hancock being in command of 
the corps. The regiment was on the march most of the time till 
the 20th, when it halted at Thoroughfare Gap for five days, march- 
ing on the 25th toward Edwards Ferry with the right wing deployed 
as flankers to protect the column from the enemy's cavalry. Some 
skirmishing ensued during the day, in the course of which the regi- 
ment had one man wounded. It crossed the Potomac on the 26th, 
reached Frederick City on the 28th, and Taneytown on the 1st of July, 
after one day's rest at Uniontown. With but a brief respite the col- 
umn started again, hearing the sounds of the fighting at Gettysburg, 
and bivouacked at night in sui)port of the Union line on that famous 
battle-field. Colonel Ward was at this time in command of the bri- 
gade, but was relieved by General Harrow next morning and re- 
sumed command of the regiment. The brigade advanced early on 
the 2d and took position in support near what Avas then the left 
of the Union line, and remained there till afternoon, when with the 
Eighty-second New- York the Fifteenth Regiment was advanced to a 
position some distance in front of the left of the Second Corps, in 
order to partially lill a gap between that corps and the Third, which 
had taken a position far in front on the Emmittsburg road. The 
latter corps Avas soon forced back, exposing the two regiments to the 
full fury of the Confederate onslaught. The Eighty-second, being 
struck in the flank, was broken, and its disaster necessitated the 
Avithdrawal of the Fifteenth. This was effected under a heavy fire, 
which did not all come from the front, for the Federal batteries in 
the rear, in their anxiety to check the Confederate triumph, mis- 



I 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 259 

judged or misunderstood and sent much of their fire through the 
line of the Fifteenth. The hjss of the regiment Avas severe, but the 
most lamentable of all was the fall of Colonel Ward with a mortal 
wound from which he died a few hours later. 

Having resumed its foi-mer position near the rest of its division, 
the regiment remained without notable experience till the famous 
charge of Pickett's Division on the following afternoon. It then, 
in common with other commands on that part of the field, moved 
toward the right to plant itself in the path of the oncoming foe, 
and while the fierce contest went on it fought nobly, though at 
heavy loss of officers and men. Finally, in the critical moment 
when the fortune of the battle seemed to hang in the balance, the 
colors of the regiment were advanced, the whole line pressed for- 
ward and the discomfiture of the enemy Avas completed. Hostili- 
ties having ceased, the Fifteenth were thrown, forward to picket the 
field, and the following morning before being relieved indulged in 
some skirmishing with the pickets of the enemy, suffering a few 
additional casualties. The regiment took into the battle a total of 
230 officers and men ; of this small force, 26 were killed or received 
wounds from which they died during the battle, and 89 were 
wounded — a loss of almost 50 per cent. Among the killed in 
action on the second day were Captains John Murkland of Fitch- 
burg and Hans Peter Jorgensen of Leominster ; while First Lieu- 
tenant Elisha G. Buss of Clinton died of wounds on the 12th and 
Second Lieutenant Caleb H. Arnold of Blackstone on the 20th. 
Lieutenant Colonel George C. Joslin commanded the regiment after 
the fall of Colonel Ward, he having been promoted from major to 
date from April 17, succeeding Lieutenant Colonel Philbrick, who 
had resigned on account of ill-health. First Lieutenant L Harris 
Hooper had at the same time been commissioned major. 

Leaving the battle-field of Gettysburg on the afternoon of the 
5tli of July, the regiment in the A-tjrious movements which followed 
shared the general fortunes of the Army of the Potomac. It reached 
Frederick City on the 8th, the Antictam battle-field on the 10tli,and 
in the front lines of the army behind strong breastworks confronted 
the enemy near Williamsport on the 12th. But no battle occurred, 
and when the Confederates had crossed to the Virginia side the 
Union army dropped down the river to the vicinity of Harper's 
Ferry and followed suit, the regiment crossing the river on the 18th 



260 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and beginning the march down the east side of the Bhie Ridge, 
which was almost a coimterpart of that made after the Antietam 
campaign of the previous fall. Warrcnton Junction was reached 
on the 26th, and there a halt was made, but four days later the 
corps marched to Morrisville, where it made a longer stop. With 
the exception of an expedition to Banks Ford in support of a cavalry 
movement about the first of September, when the command was 
away from camp for four or five days, no movement of note took 
place till the 12th of that month. In the mean time the strength 
of the regiment had been increased by the arrival of 179 recruits, 
most of whom were conscripts. 

Marching orders came on the 12th of September, the regiment 
with the rest of the corps crossed the Rappahannock at Rappahan- 
nock Station the next day, in support of a cavalry force, and went 
into camp near Culpeper Court House. On the 17th an advance 
was made to the Rapidan, the Second Corps picketing the north 
bank of that river while the Confederates occupied the other, sharp 
picket firing going on much of the time. The corps was relieved 
on the 5th of October and went back to its bivouac near Culpeper, 
but only remained there till the 10th when it was suddenly called 
to arms. It was the beginning of the strategic movement which 
took the two armies northward to the defenses of Washington, fol- 
lowed by their return to practically the same ground from which 
they had set out, with no more important engagement than a sharp 
skirmish. The most serious action was at Bristoe Station on the 
14th, in which the Fifteenth shared. The Second Corps being at- 
tacked in the flank as it marched, with a view of cutting the Federal 
army in two, the First Brigade, with others, took position behind 
the railroad embankment and quickly rei)ulsed the Confederates, 
the Union loss being comparatively slight — that of the Fifteenth 
Regiment being two killed, ten wounded and two missing. Among 
the wounded was Second Lieutenant Charles H. Stevens of Leomin- 
ster, who died the following day, having been commissioned but not 
mustered as first lieutenant and captain. During the loth the regi- 
ment went into position near Centerville, and remained there till 
the 19th, when the return movement southward was begun. 

Following the course of the railroad to near Warrenton, the 
regiment encamped there on the 23d and remained till the 7th 
of November, during which time many of the men had com- 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 201 

pleted comfortable log huts for winter quarters ; but on that day 
the movement occurred which resulted in the capture of Rappa- 
hannock Station by a portion of the Union army while the remain- 
der operated against Kelly's Ford and crossed the river there. In 
the latter column was the Second Corps, and during the succeeding 
day it moved forward in order of battle to near Brandy Station, 
where another encampment was made. This was broken on the 
26th of the month for the Mine Run campaign, the regiment cross- 
ing the Rapidan that afternoon at Germania Ford and bivouacking 
for the night some two miles beyond. Next morning it made a 
sharp march to Robertson's Tavern, where the enemy had been en- 
countered by the head of the column, and on arriving was at once 
deployed on the skirmish line. Being presently ordered to advance, 
it encountered sharp opposition, and was forced back by a Confeder- 
ate line of battle, though the latter was in turn checked by the 
Federal supporting lines and finally driven back. In this engage- 
ment the loss of the regiment was considerable, Lieutenant Colonel 
Joslin, its commander, being taken prisoner ; two officers were 
wounded, including First Lieutenant Dwight Newbury of Worcester 
mortally, he dying a few hours later ; while nine enlisted men were 
wounded and six captured. During the remainder of the opera- 
tions of the campaign the regiment was not engaged in actual con- 
flict, though moving from point to j)oint during the few days which 
succeeded, suffering much from the inclement weather, and finally 
on the night of the 1st of December setting out for the winter 
camps north of the Rapidan. 

The regimental camp was located near Stevensburg, and the third 
set of winter-quarter huts was built, but this time the command was 
allowed to occupy them till the opening of the campaign the follow- 
ing spring. During the winter 64 members of the Fifteenth re- 
enlisted for an additional term of three years, and some 50 recruits 
were received. The duty required was principally on picket and 
outpost, but as this involved a constant detail of one-third of the 
regiment, in addition to the ordinary requirements of the camp, it 
was no light tax on the men. The winter, too, was severe, but de- 
spite all the health of the command remained reasonably good. 
The spring reorganization of the army did not change the status of 
.the Fifteenth Regiment, which remained in the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Second Corps, as it had done since the opening of the 



262 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

Peninsular campaign two years before. The make-up of the brigade 
was much changed, however, it consisting in addition to the Fif- 
teenth Regiment and the Andrew Sharpshooters of the Nineteenth 
and Twentieth Massachusetts, Nineteenth Maine, Forty-second, 
Fifty-nintli and Eighty-second New York and Seventh Michigan 
Regiments. General Alexander S. Webb commanded the brigade, 
while Generals Gibbon and Hancock remained in charge of the 
division and corj)S respectively. 

The winter camps were abandoned about the first of May and 
the troops remained in temporary bivouac till the movement of the 
army began on the night of the 3d or early morning of the 4th. 
Reaching the battle-field of the Wilderness on the afternoon of the 
5th, the brigade was in reserve and support the remainder of the 
day. Next morning it was moved forward to the assistance of other 
troops, and coming suddenly upon the enemy suffered severe loss 
and was thrown into some confusion. It is impossible to give the 
exact figures for the Fifteenth Regiment, either in this battle or 
those in which it was subsequently engaged up to the time of its 
muster out ; but four of its members are reported to have been 
killed at the Wilderness, and its loss in wounded and missing 
was heavy — about 50 per cent of the force taken into action. In 
the various operations of its division and brigade at Spottsylvania 
the Fifteenth Regiment shared, constantly losing men killed and 
wounded or missing. A notable loss was that of First Lieutenant 
George B. Simonds of Fitchburg, killed on the 10th. Five other 
members of the regiment were reported killed at Spottsylvania, and 
the next fatal casualties, three in number, were at Cold Harbor, 
during the early days of June. These deaths, with the |)roportion- 
ate number of wounded and missing, had by this time reduced the 
regiment to a total of five otilicers and about 70 enlisted men. 

On the 22d of June this remnant was stationed with its cor})s on 
the Jerusalem Plank road, where an attempt was being made to ex- 
tend the Union lines. In the course of the movements the flank 
of the brigade became exposed to the enemy, who took prompt ad- 
vantage of the opportunity and captured all but one ollicer and five 
men of the regiment present. The officer being wounded soon 
after, the few men remaining were attached to the Twentieth Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment. On the 12th of July the Fifteenth were 
ordered to proceed to Worcester for muster out, with the exception 



THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 263 

of. Company I, whicli had some three weeks longer to serve. The 
re-enlisted men and recruits were according-ly assigned to a battalion, 
but afterward formally consolidated with the Twentieth Regiment, 
while such as could be gathered, representing those recalled from 
detached duty, such sick and wounded as could stand transporta- 
tion, with the small remnant of those still on duty, numbering 
in all about 150, reached Worcester on the 21st of July, receiv- 
ing an ovation of which they might well be })roud. A week later 
the men were formally mustered out and returned to their homes, 
Company I being discharged in the field early in August. Few 
regiments had a worthier record than the Fifteenth ; none could 
have given more freely the blood of its bravest and best. 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Sixteenth Regiment was principally composed of com- 
panies which had been formed when the first call to arms 
was heard, and had patiently waited an opportunity to enter 
the service. It being decided to organize the regiment, various com- 
panies — mostly of Middlesex county men — -were ordered to report at 
Camp Cameron, North Cambridge, and as they arrived were mus- 
tered into service by Captain Amory of the Seventh United States 
Infantry — Company H June 29, 1861, A, B, C and K the 2d of 
July, and the others the 12th. Colonel Wyman and the lieutenant 
colonel were commissioned on the 13th, the former, a West Point 
graduate and an ofiicer of high military acquirement, having re- 
turned from Europe to offer his sword in attestation of his loyalty. 
The line othcers were mustered August 1, the roster of the regi- 
ment being : — 

Colonel, Powell T. Wyman of Boston ; lieutenant colonel, George 
A. Meachiim of Cambridge ; major, David S. Lamson of Weston ; 
surgeon, Charles C. Jewett of IIolHston; assistant surgeon, Edward 
A. Whiston of Framingham; chaplain, Artliur B. Fuller of Water- 
town; adjutant, Waldo Merriam of Boston ; quartermaster, Edward 
M. Livermore of Cambridge ; sergeant major, James E. Sharp of 
Watertown; quartermaster sergeant, Ira A. Merritt of Boston; com- 
missary sergeant, Isaac II. Pinkham of Cambridgeport ; hospital stew- 
ard, William P. Willis of Waltham; leader of band, Felix Yiliett of 
Lowell. 

Company A, Cambridge City Guard — Captain, Samuel W. Richard- 
son ; lirst lieutenant, Samuel McKecver; second lieutenant, George 
H. Howard, all of East Cambridge. 

Compa'ny B, Winthrop Guard of Holliston — Captain, James M. 
Mason of Milford; lirst lieutenant, William A. Amo.y of West Rox- 
bury; second lieutenant, Cassander Fhigg of Holliston. 

Company C, Union Guard — Ca])tain, Leandcr G. Kmg; first lieu- 
tenant, William II. II. Hinds, both of Groton ; second lieutenant, 
William Metcalf of Westford. 

Company D, Hill Cadets oi Lowell — Captain, Patrick S. Proctor; 



\ 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 2G.i 

first lieutenant, Miittliew Donovan ; second lieutenant, David W. 
Koche. 

Company E, AViley Light Infantry — Captain, John "Wiley 2d of 
South Keudmg; first lieutenant, James 11. Darracottof Boston; second 
lieutenant, James Oliver of South Heading. 

Comi);my F — Captain, Charles Kobinson Johnson of Lexingtons 
first lieutenant, Charles Henry Mayo of Eoxbury; second lieutenant, 
Payson E, Tucker of Cambridge. 

Company G, Butler Rifies — Captain Thomas O'Hare of Lowell; first 
lieutenant, Alexander J. Dallas of Cambridge ; second lieutenant, 
James B. Thompson of Lowell. 

Company H — Captain, Gardner Banks of Boston; first lieutenant, 
William A. Smith; second lieutenant, Francis P. IL Rogers, both of 
Waltham. 

Company I, Newton Guards — Captain, Henry T. Lawson of New- 
ton; first lieutenant, John B, Brown of Ipswich; second lieutenant, 
Lothrop Wight of Framingham. 

Company K, Watertown Volunteers — Captain, Henry C. Lindley; 
first lieutenant, Stephen E. Meserve; second lieutenant, Francis W. 
Hilton. 

The regiment left Boston on the afternoon of August 17, going by 
rail to Fall River, thence by boat to New York and resuming cars, 
passing through Baltimore on the 19th, where an order was received 
to make quarters in Camp McClellan on the McKim estate. Here 
it remained till the 1st of September, when orders came for an im- 
mediate departure to Fortress Monroe, and that evening passage 
was taken on the steamer Louisiana, the destination being reached 
the following day and the regiment going into quarters at Camp 
Hamilton, near the village of Hampton, where with no more excit- 
ing duty than picket service, with an occasional exchange of shots 
with hostile reconnoitering parties, some eight months were passed. 
Camp Hamilton was under command of Colonel Max Weber of the 
Twentieth New York, and the force present, in addition to the Six- 
teenth Massachusetts and Twentieth New York, consisted of the 
First Delaware, Twentieth Indiana, a part of the Ninety-ninth New 
York, the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry and four companies of 
Mounted Ritles. 

The S-ixteenth changed camp to the Gosport Navy Yard on the 
8th of j\Iay, 18G2, moved from there to Suffolk, Ya., a week later, 
and on the 12th of June joined the Army of the Potomac, being 
attached to Grover's Brigade, Hooker's Division, Heintzelman's 
Corps. The other regiments of the brigade were the First and 
Eleventh Massachusetts, Second New Hampshire and Twenty-sixth 



266 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Pennsylvania. Tlie first test of the regiment in battle was on the 
18th of June when it was assigned the duty of making a recon- 
naissance in front of the position held by a portion of the Union 
troops, which it did with much spirit, moving through dense woods 
and encountering the enemy in strong force at short range, fighting 
valiantly until ordered to retire, the purpose of the expedition hav- 
ing been accomplished. The loss of the Sixteenth was 17 killed, 
28 wounded and 14 missing, among the slain being First Lieutenant 
Francis P. H. Rogers. 

In the engagement at Oak Grove on the 25th, the regiment was 
during the early part of the fight in reserve, some companies being 
detached to threatened points ; but later it was ])laced in position 
at the left to guard against an expected flanking movement by the 
enemy. It was at first in support of a battery, but that retired 
soon afterward, and presently the advance of the Confederates in 
strong force and the falling back of the rest of Hooker's Division 
carried back the Sixteenth as well to the cover of the forest, where 
a stand was made, and next morning the two detachments into 
which the regiment had become divided during the confusion were 
reunited at the camp, the command having suffered a loss of three 
men killed, 22 wounded and four missing. In the change of base 
of the army to the James river which followed the regiment per- 
formed an honorable part. Its most signal service was on the 80th, 
at the battle of Glendale, when it was posted across a road by which 
the enemy advanced to attack the Union troops defending the left 
of the retiring Army of the Potomac. This attack the Sixteenth 
met with exceptional coolness and bravery, their deadly fire sending 
the assailants back in confusion. Colonel Wyman heroically en- 
couraged his soldiers to stand firm, but was himself instantly killed. 
The lieutenant colonel and adjutant were wounded, and the regi- 
ment was commanded during the remainder of the action by Major 
Lamson. Of the enlisted men, three were killed, 22 wounded and 
32 missing. In a reconnaissance made to Malvern Hill from the 
camp at Harrison's Landing August 8, the regiment lost eight men 
wounded, but ajjart from that experience it only shared the general 
camp life of the Army of the Potomac till summoned to Alexandria 
to reinforce the Army of Virginia under General Poj)e. 

Hooker's Division marched from Harrison's Landing on the 16tli 
of August, reached Yorktown the 18th, and taking transports on 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 267 

the 20th reached Alexandria tlic 22d. By the 26th General Heintz- 
elman had assembled his corps in the vicinity of Warrenton Junc- 
tion and was ordered to move toward Bristoc, which Hooker's Divis- 
ion did the following day, encountering and routing the enemy at 
Kettle Run, in which the Sixteenth were not engaged. On the 28th 
the brigade marched toward the battle-field of "Manassas, by way of 
Centcrville, reaching the field on the morning of the 29th, after the 
engagement began. It remained in reserve under the shelter of a 
hillock till the middle of the afternoon, when General Grover was 
ordered to charge the enemy in his front. This was at once done, 
the single brigade striking and breaking two lines of the foe but 
failing to break the third. The Sixteenth were on the left of the 
brigade, and with them General Grover attempted to turn the Con- 
federate flank ; but the odds was too great, and after one of the 
most heroic contests of the war the brigade was obliged to fall back, 
rallying near the point from which it had started and bivouacking 
on the lield in that vicinity. Near evening of the following day it set 
out on the march to Centerville, reaching there soon after midnight. 

In this sharp conflict of but a few minutes the regiment lost 110, 
five of whom were killed, 6-4 wounded and 41 missing. First Lieu- 
tenant Darracottand Second Lieutenant Hiram B. Banks of Waltham 
were among the killed, the latter a brother of General N. P. Banks. 
The regiment was connnanded during the battle by Major Gardner 
Banks, another brother of the general, who had recently been {)ro- 
motcd from a captaincy. Following the death of Colonel Wyman, 
Thomas R. Tannatt of Salem had been commissioned colonel, dating 
from July 14, and on the 22d Lieutenant Colonel Meacham resigned, 
Major Lamson being promoted and succeeded by Captain Banks. 

The Third Corps did not accompany the Army of the Potomac 
on the Antietam campaign Avhich followed, but remained about the 
defenses of Washington and in that vicinity. The regiment went 
to Fort Lyon near Alexandria on the 3d of September, rested there 
for three days and then moved to Fairfax Seminary. On the 4tli 
of November it advanced to Manassas Junction, on the 6th to ]]ris- 
toe Station, and on the 8th to Warrenton Junction, where it was 
for a time on duty as part of a provisional brigade under command 
of Colonel Blaisdell of the Eleventh Massachusetts. It still re- 
mained in fact a part of the First Brigade, Second Division, Third 
Corps. The Corps was commanded by General George Stoneman^ 



268 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. 

the division by General Sickles and the brigade — to which the 
Eleventh New Jersey had been added — by General J^oseph B. Carr. 
In the Sixteenth, Lieutenant Colonel Lamson had resigned from the 
29th of September, Major Banks being promoted and Captain "Waldo 
Merriam becoming major. Second Lieutenant George S. Evans of 
Groton had died of disease November 11. 

The regiment began its movement southward on the 18th of 
Isovember, marching to Wolf Run Shoals, where it rested till the 
2oth, when with the rest of the corps it moved toward Falmouth, 
encamping near there on the 28th. This camp was occupied till 
the 10th of Decem])er, when the Sixteenth moved toward the river 
near Fredericksburg and on the 12th crossed the pontons and took 
position on the southern bank below the town ; but beyond picket 
duty, in which three men were killed and ten wounded on the skirm- 
ish line, the command was not actively engaged in the battle. It 
met a notable loss, however, in, the death of Chaplain Fuller, who 
had resigned his commission and was about to leave for Massachu- 
setts. Seeing the Union troops crossing the bridge into the city he 
obtained a musket and accompanied them as a volunteer, but was 
soon shot dead in the street. The regiment reoccupied its old camp 
on the 14th, and with the exception of the " Mud March," on which 
it was absent eight days, remained there till the opening of the 1863 
campaign under (Jcneral Hooker. Colonel Tannatt having been 
transferred to the command of the First Heavy Artillery left the 
regiment soon after the battle of Fredericksburg. Lieutenant 
Colonel Banks, Major Merriam and Captain S. W. Richardson were 
each promoted in turn ; Charles W. Homer of Lowell was commis- 
sioned to the vacant chaplaincy, but he resigned soon after his a[)- 
pointment and the place was not again filled. 

General Sickles had taken command of the Third Corps and 
General Berry succeeded him at the head of the division, when the 
winter camps were broken and on the 28th of April the Army of the 
Potomac began another movement against the enemy. After dem- 
onstrating below Fredericksburg for a day or two the Third Corps 
ascended the Rappahannock to United States Ford, where it crossed 
on the 1st of May. At dusk of the following day the division was 
thrown to the right in support of the Eleventh Corps, badly shat- 
tered l)y the attack of "Stonewall" Jackson's column, and took 
p(jsitioii ill the foi-cst on the right of the tunijiike. There was scat- 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 269 

terinf^ firing during the night, but in the morning a strong attack 
was delivered, and though the regiment and its division fought val- 
iantly, the line was pressed back for some distance, General Berry 
being killed. The casualties in the Sixteenth were 11 killed, 62 
wounded and nine prisoners. Captain A. J. Dallas was killed and 
Second Lieutenants Hiram Rowe of Cambridge and Samuel G. 
Savage of Waltham were fatally wounded. Second Lieutenant 
James E. Sharp of Watertown had been accidentally killed at Kings- 
ton, R. L, while absent on leave, March 20, 

The river Avas recrossed the night of the 5th and the regiment 
returned the following afternoon to its old camp, where it remained 
till the beginning of the Gettysburg movement, f nder command 
of Lieutenant Colonel Merriam it marched on the 11th of June 
toward Beverly Ford, which it reached the following day and guarded 
till the 14th. when it moved by easy stages to Gum Springs, stop- 
ping there from the 19th till the 25th. It then marched to Edwards 
Ferry and crossed the Potomac, bivouacking that night at the mouth 
of the ^lonocacy, and proceeding thence by JeiTerson, Crampton's 
Pass, Middletown and Frederick to Taneytown, where the corps 
encamped on the 29th. The division was now commanded by Gen- 
eral Hunij)hreys, and the brigade had been strengthened by the ad- 
dition of the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania and Twelfth New Hamp- 
shire regiments. 

During the 1st of July, the Third Corps marched to Gettysburg 
where it arrived about midnight, and the following day Avas placed 
in position at the Union left, the Sixteenth being near the right of 
the corps line along the Emmittsburg road. In the terrible conflict 
of that afternoon the regiment fought nobly, losing fully one-third 
of its members present, but being forced back with the rest of 
its division. Out of but little more than 200 on the field, it had 
14 killed, 57 wounded and 14 missing. Among the dead were Cap- 
tains Leander G. King and David W. Roche and First Lieutenant 
George F. Brown of Waltham, while Captain Charles R. Johnson 
died of his wounds two weeks later. On its movement southward 
the Sixteenth Regiment was under command of Captain Donovan, 
the senior officer present for duty, and followed the various move- 
ments of the Army of the Potomac to Warrenton, where it arrived 
on the 2Gth of July, marching on the 1st of August to Beverly 
Ford, where the brigade was for some time encamped, Lieutenant 



270 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Merriam resuming command on the 16th. A month later 
the river was crossed at Freeman's Ford and the regiment advanced 
to Culpeper, Avhere it encamped till the 8th of October. 

A lively series of movements then followed, the division march- 
ing to James City on the Rapidan in support of a cavalry move- 
ment on the 8th, but at the termination of that service returning 
to camp and at once setting forth on the march northward. Stop- 
ping from the 11th to the 13th at Freeman's Ford, the regiment 
marched from there and scarcely stopped for rest till it halted at 
Centerville, late the following day. On the 15th it took position at 
Union Mills and remained there in hourly expectation of a battle 
till the 19th, when it being found that the Confederate army had 
relinquished its demonstration against Washington the Union army 
followed it back again to the old fields bordering the Rappahannock. 
The Sixteenth halted at Catlett's Station on the 21st, and on the 
oOth moved to Bealton Station, where they remained till the 7th of 
November, when in conjunction with the battle of Rappahannock 
Station the Third Corps with other troops crossed the river at 
Kelly's Ford and next day followed the retreating Confederates to 
Brandy Station, where the loyal army encamped. The Mine Run 
movement began on the 26th of that month, the corps crossing the 
Rapidan at Jacob's Ford, and next day while General French, the 
corps commander, was endeavoring to make his way through the 
forest to connect with the Second Corps, which had crossed the 
river at a higher ford, his command encountered the enemy and the 
battle of Locust Grove ensued. In this the Sixteenth took part, its 
brigade being in the lead, and the regiment lost 15 men wounded 
and three missing. From that time to the 2d of December the regi- 
ment marched from point to point or remained expectant in front 
of the enemy's strong position ; but the weather becoming very cold 
and there being no prospect that an engagement could be success- 
fully fought by the Union troops, General Meade abandoned the 
attempt and on the 8d, after a hard march, the old camps about 
Brandy Station were reoccupied. 

There the regiment remained during the winter under command 
of Lieutenant Colonel Merriam, Colonel Banks having been obliged 
through ill-health to resign early in September, 1863. While in 
winter quarters nearly 100 of the Sixteenth re-enlisted for an ad- 
ditional three years. In the reorganization of the Army of the 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 271 

Potomac into three corps, the Third was one of the corps abolished, 
and the Sixteenth for the first time foiuid itself attached to a differ- 
ent briii'ade, though accompanied by several of the regiments with 
which it had formerly served. The new organization Avas the First 
Brigade, Fourth Division, Second Corps, composed of the First and 
Sixteenth Massachusetts, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and I^^leventh 
New Jersey, Twenty-sixth and One Hundred and Fifteenth Penn- 
sylvania. Colonel Robei't McAllister of the Eleventh connnanded 
the brigade, General Gershoni Mott the division and General Han- 
cock the corps. « 

The s{)ring campaign of 1864 opened on the 3d of ]\Iay with 
orders to move at midnight, and promptly at the hour the winter 
huts if not already destroyed in anticipation of the movement were 
abandoned and next day before noon the Rapidan had been crossed 
at Ely's Ford, and at the middle of the afternoon the command 
bivouacked on the Chancellorsville battle-ground. Late in the 
afternoon of the following day the division was ordered to the as- 
sistance of (iletty's Division of the Sixth Corps, which was engaged 
in battle near the junction of the Brock and Orange Plank roads, 
and took i)osition on his left, Mott's two brigades at that time form- 
ing the Union left. Advancing through the tangled forest the divis- 
ion soon became engaged, and fought obstinately till dark. The 
light was resumed in the morning, the division making a consider- 
able advance until Confederate reinforcements were encountered 
when the Union troops, were in turn pushed back to the intrench- 
ments from which they had first advanced, the Sixteenth taking 
])Osition at the right of the brigade in the second line of works. 
Toward the close of the afternoon a fierce assault was made Ijv the 
Confederates on the first line of works, from which after a stubborn 
defense the Federal soldiers were driven and a jwrtion of the works 
occupied by the enemy. The Sixteenth at once joined in a counter 
charge for their repossession, and it is claimed that Lieutenant 
William Ross was first to reach the works and the colors of the 
regiment the first to wave over them. The loss of the regiment was 
heavy, though it cannot be exactly stated owing to the loss of regi- 
mental papers. It included Captain Joseph S. Hills of Boston and 
First Lieutenant John H. Woodfin of Marl)lehead among the killed. 

Moving with the corps to the left after the fighting ceased in the 
Wilderness, the Sixteenth were next engaged at Spottsylvania on 



272 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. 

the 10th, \vhere they were deployed as skirmishers, serving gallantly 
all day with consideral)le loss. The Fourth Division nowheing con- 
solidated with the Third, of the same corps, the brigade became the 
Third of that division. The regiment was next engaged on the 
12th, when in the defense of the works captured in the morning by 
the corps it tired during the afternoon and evening of that day over 
300 rounds of ammunition per man. The loss was severe, includ- 
ing the brave Lieutenant Colonel ^lerriam killed. 

The regiment took its full share in the subsequent operations 
about Spottsylvania, and marched thence to the North Anna, where 
it arrived on the 23d and was at once placed on the skirmish line. 
Crossing the river next day and operating with the corps in the 
various movements which followed, it recrossed on the evening of 
the 26th and on the 28th crossed the Pamunkey, taking position 
within 13 miles of Richmond. An advance of three miles was made 
on the 29th and fortifications were thrown up during that and the 
ensuing days. On the 31st the regiment advanced through a swamp 
and charged across a field swept by artillery, obtaining possession 
of a road beyond and holding it during the day, being relieved at 
night, after which the enemy repossessed the ground. In this en- 
gagement, which was very creditable to the Sixteenth, Captain John 
Rowe of Lowell, a brave officer who had risen from the rank of ser- 
geant, was mortally wounded and fell into the hands of the enemy, 
dying at Richmond June 24. 

At midnight of June 1 the regiment with its column marched 
for Cold Harbor, which it reached late in the afternoon of the 2d, 
but during the operations there it was not actively engaged and did 
not suffer serious loss. It marched southward again on the 12th, 
crossed the James on the 14th, and at midnight of the 15th reached 
the scene of active operations in front of Petersburg. Toward 
evening of the 16th the command joined in an advance against the 
enemy's works, moving forward under lire till the crest of a range 
of hills was gained, where severe loss was met, but the position was 
held and after dark was securely intrenched, still under fire, some 
of the Sixteenth being wounded while thus engaged. 

From this time till the 23d the regiment was actively occupied in 
the various operations of its corps, on the skirmish line, fortifying 
or engaged in movements for the extension of the Union lines or 
the strengthening of the positions already gained. It was almost 



I 



THE SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 273 

continually under fire, and constantly losing its best and bravest 
members. On the 23d it took position in the rear of works near 
the Stronsr house, which it had built two days previous, on the 
Jerusalem Plank road, and there it remained till the 11th of July, 
when its term of service having expired it set out on the return to 
Massachusetts, leaving- behind a battalion of five officers and 19(> 
re-enlisted men and recruits which was attached to the Eleventh 
Massachusetts Regiment and afterward made a part of that organi- 
zation. During the 1864 campaign the total loss of the regiment 
in action had been 23 killed, 78 wounded and nine missing — the 
losses in the several engagements cannot be apportioned. It reached 
Massachusetts on the 22d of July and five days later was mustered 
out of service. 



THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Seventeenth Regiment rendezvoused at Camp Schouler, 
Lynnlield, the camp being formed on the 10th of July, 1861, 
and placed under command of Colonel Dike of the Seventh 
Militia Regiment. Eight of the companies were from Essex county, 
the first — A — being mustered July 21 and the other nine on the 
following day. The regiment remained at the camp till the 23d of 
August, when, the officers having been mustered two days before, 
it received orders to report to Washington. The make-up of the 
regiment and the roster of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Thomas J. C. Amory of Brookline ; lieutenant colonel, 
John F. Fellows of Chelsea; major, Jones Frankle of Haverhill ; sur- 
geon, Isaac F. Galloupe of Lynn; assistant surgeon, William H. W. 
Hinds of Boston; chaplain, William D. Haley of Rochester; adjutant, 
Barnabas N. Mann of Chelsea; quartermaster, Levi P. Thompson of 
Cambridge; sergeant major, Henry Poor of Stoneham; quartermas- 
ter sergeant, Alfred G. Taggard; commissary sergeant, Henry T. Mer- 
rill, both of Haverhill; hospital steward, George O'Neill of Lyunfield; 
leader of band, Arthur Hall of Maiden. 

Company A, Newburyport City Grays — Captain, David F. Brown; 
first lieutenant, Thomas W. Foster; second lieutenant, Thomas W. 
Goodwin. 

Company B, Foster Guards — Captain, Sidney C. Bancroft ; first 
lieutenant, Robert B. Bancroft, both of South Danvers; second lieu- 
tenant, John E. Mullally of Salem. 

Company C, Danvers Light Infantry — Captain.Nehemiah P. Fuller; 
first lieutenant, William W. Smith; second lieutenant, Reuel B. Pray. 

Company D, Wallace Guards — Captain, George H. Morrill : tirst 
lieutenant, Jere A. Greeley, both of Salisbury; second lieutenant, 
Benjamin F. Chesley of Haverhill. 

Company E, Haverhill — Cajjtain, Michael McNamara ; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry S])laine; second lieutenant, James Maroney. 

Company F, Haverhill — Captain, Luther Day ; first lieutenant, 
Enoch F. Tompkins; second lieutenant, William li. Turner. 

Company G, Kimball Guard — Captain, George W. Kenncy of Dan- 
vers; first lieutenant, George W. Tufts ; second lieutenant, Alfred ]\1. 
Channell, both of Rockport. 



THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 275 

Compuny H, British Volunteers of Boston — Captain, John K. Llovd; 
first lieutenant, John S. Hammond; second lieutenant, Kobcrt W. 
McCourt. 

Compuny I, Saunders Guard — Captain, Thomas Weir; first lieuten- 
ant, Michael Burns, both of Lawrence; second lieutenant, Archibald 
Bogle of Melrose. 

Company K, Maiden Light Infantry — Captain, Joseph R. Simonds 
of Melrose; first lieutenant, Ivory N. Richardson; second lieutenant, 
Henry W. Oliver, both of Maiden. 

The regiment left camp in the evening of the 23d, under command 
of Lieutenant Colonel Fellows, — Colonel Amory being at that time 
a captain in the United States Army, but soon after obtaining a 
leave of absence for three years to accept the commission tendered 
him hy Governor Andrew. Passing through Boston that night and 
New York the following afternoon, the command on reaching Balti- 
more was directed to stop there and report to General Dix, com- 
jnanding the department. By his direction it went into camj) near 
the city, forming part of the division under his immediate command, 
where it remained during the fall and winter. On the 14th of 
November, Colonel Amory with six companies of his regiment was 
detailed to accompany the expedition of General II. H. Lock wood 
into the two East Shore counties of Virginia, to disperse the Con- 
federate organizations forming within the territory and if possible 
win the inhabitants back to their allegiance to the L^nion. 

Returning from this worthy though bloodless enterprise, the regi- 
ment resumed its encampment near Baltimore and was only called 
on for routine duties till the following spring, when it sailed for 
Xewbern, N. C, and joined the division of General Foster, becom- 
ing part of the First Brigade, First Division of Burnside's army. 
Colonel Amory commanding the brigade, the other regiments of 
which were the Twenty-third and Twenty -fifth Massachusetts and 
Sixth New Hampshire. The first active service of the regiment 
was in a night expedition intended to surprise and capture a detach- 
ment of the enemy at Trenton, which took place on the 15th of 
May, 1862. Owing to a late start, the Third New York Cavalry 
and a section of artillery that were to co-operate with the Seven- 
teenth and Twenty-fifth Regiments being delayed by a storm, the 
attempt at a surprise failed, the column being attacked five miles 
short of Trenton and a lively skirmish ensuing, in consequence of 
which Colonel Amory abandoned the undertaking and with his com- 



276 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

mand returned to camp, the Seventeenth haA-ing met no loss. Some 
two months later the regiment took part in another expedition to 
ascertain the position of the enemy, meeting only parties of videttes. 
After this nothing occurred to break the routine of camp duties 
and outpost service till late in the autimm. 

The force in the department had then been much strengthened 
bv the arrival of numerous new regiments of nine-months' troops, 
largely from Massachusetts, and the brigades had l)een reorganized, 
Amory's consisting of the Seventeenth, Twenty-third, Forty-third, 
Forty-fifth and Fifty-first Massachusetts Regiments. The Goldsboro 
expedition set out on the 11th of December, and on the 14th when 
approaching Kinston encountered the enemy. Wessells's Brigade 
was first engaged, the Seventeenth being detached from their own 
brigade to its support, and afterward detailed to accompany the 
Ninth New Jersey, then acting as an independent command, with 
the Third New York Cavalry to feel the way for the main column. 
This arrangement continued till the return of the force to Ncw- 
bern, and as a result the Seventeenth were among the first troops 
to enter Kinston after the Confederates left, the regiment being at 
once made provost guard. It remained on that duty till the march 
was resumed next day, when it took the advance, encountering the 
enemy at Whitehall on the 16th, and after several hours' skirmish- 
ing across the creek, which neither force could cross, the march 
was resumed toward Goldsboro. Approaching the railroad bridge 
leading to the town, on the 17th, the destruction of which was the 
main object of the expedition, a lively conflict ensued. The regi- 
ment having fought its way to the vicinity of the bridge, two vol- 
unteers were called for to join a like number from the Ninth New 
Jersey and fire the structure. Adjutant Mann was one of those 
who resjjonded, and was wounded in the attempt. The effort was 
successful, however, and when it was assured that the structure was 
well ignited the Union forces proceeded to withdraw. After the 
I'egiment had started upon the return march it was called back by 
an attack from the Confederates on some of the troops at the rear, 
but the affair was over before it reached the scene and the march 
was immediately resumed. The loss of the regiment during the 
expedition was one killed, 29 wounded and two missing, 19 of the 
casualties occurring before Goldsboro. 

After returning from Goldsboro the Seventeenth were engaged in 



THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 277 

provost duty in the city of Newbern till January 26, 1863, when 
they were relieved by the Forty-fifth Reg-iment and took quarters in 
the barracks of the latter regiment on the Trent river, some two 
miles from the town. No duty of importance came to them till the 
7th of April, when they formed part of the expedition under Gen- 
eral Spinola intended for the relief of Little Washington, then hc- 
sieged by the Confederates. The enemy were found on the 9th in 
a strongly intrenched position at Blount's Creek, and after engaging 
them for a time General Spinola returned to Newbern, the Seven- 
teenth having eight wounded in the fight. On the 17th General 
Foster in person (having escaped from Little Washington) set out 
with a larger force, of which the regiment formed part, to raise the 
siege, but found that Longstreet's troops had departed and the 
relieving column entered the town unopposed on the 20th ; two days 
later the Seventeenth returned to Newbern by the steamer Escort. 

The regiment formed part of a force under General 1. N. Palmer 
which advanced to Core Creek on the 27th and next day to Dover 
Station, where a slight engagement took place, but without loss to 
the Seventeenth, and on the 1st of May the regiment was back 
again at Newbern. There it remained till the 4th of July, when it 
joined in a raid to Trenton, being detached there to hold the Kins- 
ton road while the main column went further, but was back in camp 
again on the afternoon of the 7th without having been engaged. 
On the 25th a more extensive movement took the regiment by 
steamer Peconic to Winton, on the Chowan river, where it joined 
a detachment from Portsmouth, Va., intended for a raid on Weldon. 
Tlie Seventeenth led the way toward Murfreesboro, driving in the 
enemy's outj^osts, and at Mount Tabor Church captured the camp 
of the Twelfth North Carolina Battalion with 32 prisoners and a 
quantity of small arms. The regiment remained there Avhile the 
cavalry of the expedition attempted to reach Weldon, but the enemy 
was found in force at Jackson and the enterprise was abandoned, the 
column returning to Winton where the Seventeenth re-embarked and 
reached Newbern on the 1st of August, having lost three wounded. 

On the 1st of October the Seventeenth again took up jn-ovost 
duty in the city, relieving the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, five 
companies of the regiment being quartered within the town and 
the remainder encamped outside near Fort Totten. There thoy re- 
mained at the close of the year. Meantime some changes had oc- 



278 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

curred among the officers ; Major Frankle having been detached to 
raise the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, the vacancy was 
filled December 29 by the promotion of Captain Luther Day. As- 
sistant Surgeon Hinds having been promoted surgeon of the Twelfth 
Regiment, George W. Clark of Boston was appointed to the vacancy, 
while during the previous year Charles G. A. Eayrs of Lowell had 
been added to the medical staff. Chaplain Haley had resigned and 
been succeeded by William P. Colby of Amesbury, who also left 
the position before the close of the year 1863. 

Early in 1864 the Seventeenth met with its first serious experience 
in action. On the 1st of February an attack was made by the Con- 
federates under General Pickett on the Union outpost at Batchelder's 
Creek, some eight miles from Newbern, and Lieutenant Colonel 
Fellows with 115 members of the five companies located outside 
the city and a section of artillery set out for the support of the One 
Hundred and Thirty-second New York E-egiment, then holding the 
threatened position. The bridge across the creek had just been 
carried by the strong force of the enemy when the Seventeenth de- 
tachment arrived, but the intrepid Fellows placed his little command 
to the front and left of the New York regiment and stubbornly dis- 
puted the progress of the foe till the battery and the other regiment 
had left the field. The order was then given to fall back to the 
crossing of the Trent road to make another stand, but in the heavy 
fog which prevailed the Confederates flanked the party and cut off 
a large portion of them before the movement could be executed. 
Three had been killed and three severely wounded during the fight- 
ing, and 66 were made prisoners, including Lieutenant Colonel 
Fellows, Surgeon Galloupe and Adjutant Henry A. Chcever — the 
latter severely wounded. Such of the command as escaped made 
their Avay back to Newbern and assisted in manning the works 
and ]>icketing the approaches while the city was 'threatened. 

After three days of demonstration the enemy withdrew from the 
vicinity and the usual routine prevailed till the 18th of April, when 
six companies of the Seventeenth left in transports for Little Wash- 
ington, which was again threatened by the Confederates, and was 
besieged by them after the capture of Plymouth on the 20th. The 
place was evacuated on the 30th,the Seventeenth Regiment with the 
other troops returning to Newbern, having lost in the fighting about 
Washington two men killed. Two days later the comi)anies on 



THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 279 

duty in the city "«'ere relieved by the Fifteenth Connecticut and the 
regiment encamped on the south bank of the Trent a mile from the 
city. From that time till the expiration of the original term of 
enlistment, the regiment was occupied with details on picket at out- 
posts in the vicinity, the only skirmishing with the enemy in that 
time being on the 5th of May, when Company B had a lively ex- 
change of shots Avitli a force which had approached the defenses by 
way of the railroad. 

On the 16th of July those whose term of service was about to 
expire took transports for Massachusetts, where they were mustered 
out on the 3d of August. The re-enlisted men and recruits were 
consolidated into a battalion of three companies, commanded by 
Captain Henry Splaine, who later received the commission of major. 
A fourth company was formed soon afterward, but was not filled 
for some time. The battalion was ordered to Newport Barracks, a 
few miles from Beaufort on the railroad, July 27, and remained 
there during the ensuing months. The re-enlisted men were granted 
a furlough of 40 days from the 23d of September, rejoining their 
comrades at the Barracks November 20. During the winter some 
450 men were detached from the Second ]\Iassachusetts Heavy 
Artillery by Special Order from the War Department and transfer- 
red to the Seventeenth, making the latter an ei^ght-company organi- 
zation, of which Major Splaine was commissioned lieutenant colonel 
and Captain William W. Smith major. 

The spring cam])aign of 18G5, so far as the Seventeenth Regiment 
was concerned, opened on the 4th of March, when the command 
moved to Core Creek, where it was attached to the Third Brigade, 
Second Division, District of Beaufort, Major Smith commanding 
the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Splaine the brigade, and General 
S. P. Carter the division. On the 7th the division reached Wise's 
Forks, five miles from Kinston, and set about intrenching in antici- 
pation of an attack by the enemy under General Bragg. The ex- 
pected battle began next morning, the Second Brigade being almost 
annihilated by capture, after which the foe advanced upon the 
works of the Third Brigade. As they approached Companies A, 
C and F of the Seventeenth, commanded by Major Smith in person, 
advanced at the double-quick to meet and retard them as much as 
possible, that the main line might the better be prepared for resist- 
ance. During the sharp fight which ensued Company A was at one 



280 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

time in possession of a piece of artillery which had recently been 
caj)tured from the Second Brigade, but it could not be removed in 
time, and the gallant fellows were driven from it by overwhelming 
numbers. The fighting at this point continued for three days with 
varying success, but finally the Confederates were repulsed in an 
attack on the Union left, where they met such sturdy fighters as 
the Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts, Ninth New Jersey 
and Thii'd New York Artillery, and the battle ended. The loss to 
the Seventeenth during the engagement was about 40 in killed, 
wounded and missing, ten of whom were killed or fatally wounded. 

The regiment occupied Kinston from the 15th to the 20th of 
March, when it moved to Goldsboro, which was reached the next 
day, and possession of the place being assured returned on the 23d 
to Bear Creek, 15 miles, and rebuilt a railroad bridge, marching on 
the 25th to Goldsboro, where General Sherman's army had then 
arrived. The regiment accompanied Sherman's army for Raleigh 
on the 10th of April, reaching there on the 14th, and w^as detached 
from its brigade on the 5th of May to garrison Greensboro, 95 miles 
away. This duty it performed acceptably till the 11th of July, 
when it was mustered out of the United States service and started 
for Massachusetts, reaching Readville on the 19th and on the 26th 
being paid and discharged. 

The total loss of the Seventeenth Regiment killed in action was 
light com])ai-ed with most of the three-years' regiments, being only 
11, all enlisted men ; but some 50 died in Confederate prisons, in- 
cluding First Lieutenant Barnabas N. Mann, October 8, 1864. 
Three other commissioned officers died in the service, — Colonel 
(brevet Brigadier General) Amory, at Beaufort October 7, 1864, 
Captain Levi P. Thompson, September 20, 1862 ; First Lieutenant 
George W. Tufts, at Baltimore, October 27, 1861. Lieutenant 
Colonel Fellows while a prisoner of war was one of the Union offi- 
cers exposed to the fire of the Federal batteries at Charleston, S. C, 
but was exchanged in time to be mustered out August 9, 1864. 



THE EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Eighteenth Regiment gathered at Camp Brigham in Ded- 
ham, but left the state before its organization was complete. 
Five coni])anies reached the rendezvous early in July, 1861, 
by direction of the governor, and up to the 20th of August three 
others had followed. Most of the line officers Avere nmstered on 
that day, and the enlisted men in camp were sworn in four days 
-later. Orders to report with the command at Washington were 
then received, and the journey began on the 26th. About a month 
later Company A joined the regiment, but Company C did not re- 
port for duty till the last of November, b^ing sworn into the United 
States service January 14, 1862. The completed roster of officei'S 
was as follows : — 

Colonel, James Barnes of Springfield; lieutenant colonel, Timothy 
Ingraham of New Bedford; major, Joseph Hayes of Boston; surgeon, 
David P, Smith of S]iringtield; assistant surgeon, Orlando Brown of 
Wrentham; chaplain, Benjamin F. JJeCostaof Charlestown; adjutant, 
George F. Hodges of Roxbury; quartermaster, Sanford Almy of New 
Bedford; sergeant major, Edward M. Onion of Dedham; quartermas- 
ter sergeant, John I). Isbell of Springfield; commissary sergeant, 
William M. Ingralium of New Bedford; hospital steward, \'irtulan R. 
Stone of Dana; princiiial musician, Cyrus C. Vaughn of New Bedford; 
leader of l)and, Albert 11. Davis of Somerset. 

Company A — Captain, Lewis N. Tucker of Milton; first lieutenant, 
Joseph C. Ayer of Newtonville; second lieutenant, James D. Orne of 
Springfield. 

Company B — Ca]itain, George Charles Ruby of Taunton; first lieu- 
tenant, Cyrus M. Wheaton of Somerset; second lieutenant, Warren 
Dutton Russell of Brighton. 

Company C — Captain, William S. McFarlin of Carver; firet lieu- 
tenant, George M. liarnard, Jr.; second lieutenant, Wiihani Vincent 
Smith, both of Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Stephen Thomas of Middleboro; first lieu- 
tenant, Woodbridge R. Howes of Mattnpoisett ; second beutenaiit, 
Charles F. Edson of Middleboro. 



282 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company E — Captain, Thomas Weston of Middleboro; first lieuten- 
ant, William Henry Winsor of Plymouth; second lieutenant, John E. 
Bird of Boston. 

Company F, Dedham — Captain, Henry Onion; first lieutenant, 
Charles W. Carroll; second lieutenant, Fisher A. Baker. 

Company G — Captain, W^illiam B, White of East Abington; first 
lieutenant, James N. Sparrell of South Scituate; second, lieutenant, 
William G. Hewins of Dorchester. 

Company H — Captain, Joseph W. Collingwood; first lieutenant, 
Charles Henry Drew, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Horatio 
Nelson Dallas of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, Frederic D. Forrest of Wrentham; first lieu- 
tenant, Alvin E. Hall of Foxboro; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Bug- 
bee of Wrentham. 

Company K — Captain, John L. Spalding of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin F. Messervy of Qumcy; second lieutenant, Pardon 
Almy, Jr., of Cambridge. 

Going by way of New York, Baltimore and Harrisburg, the Eight- 
eenth reached Washington May 30, and next day reported to 
Colonel E. D. Baker, going into camp about a mile to the west of 
the Capitol, the location being called Camp Massachusetts. The 
regiment was ordered on the 3d of September to cross the river and 
report to General Fitz John Porter, commanding a division, by 
whom it was assigned to General Martindale's Brigade, its fellow- 
regiments being the Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New 
York. The regimental camp was located near Fort Corcoran, on 
ground recently occupied by the Sixty-ninth New York, and the 
Eighteenth began to see actual service in fatigue duty and on picket. 
The division was moved to the front on the 26th and went into camp 
near Hall's Hill, then the outpost of the Union army. This posi- 
tion was occupied during the winter, the regiment giving much at- 
tention to drill and discipline, so that at a review held at Bailey's 
Cross Roads it was especially complimented for excellence by the 
commander in chief, and as a mark of appreciation received new 
uniform and camp equipage imported from France and modeled on 
that of' the French chasseurs a pied. Before the opening of the 
spring campaign some changes were made in Martindale's Brigade, 
the Forty-first New York giving place to the Twenty-second jMassa- 
chusetts and Twenty-fifth New York Regiments, while the Second 
Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters was attached to the bri- 
gade, Avhich was known as the First Brigade, Porter's Division, 
Third (Heintzelman'sj Corps. 



TUE EIGIITEENTn REGIMENT. 285 

The winter camp was vacated ]\rarch 10, 1862, and the regiment 
marched to Fairfax, stopping there till the 16th, when it was ordered 
to Alexandria to embark for the Peninsula. Transports were taken 
on the 21st, and two days later the command debarked at Old Point 
Comfort, encamping at Hampton for two days and then at New- 
market Bridge, where it remained till the Federal army was ready 
for the forward movement. This began on the 4th of April, and 
early on the afternoon of the following day the defenses of York- 
town were reached, before which the Army of the Potomac came to 
a halt and i-emained for a month. The Eighteenth took active part 
in the earlier operations by which the enemy's line was located, and 
three of its companies were at once placed on the skirmish line, 
while the remainder of the regiment formed a portion of the main, 
line of battle, but no casualties were suffered. Later the command 
went into camp near by and daily furnished heavy details for out- 
post and fatigue duty till the evacuation of Yorktown. Immediately 
on that event Porter's Division took transports and landed on ther 
8th of May at West Point, near the junction of the Matapony and 
Pamunkey rivers. Up the south side of the latter the division 
marched, setting out on the 13th, going first to Cumberland, thenca 
to White House, moving on the 19th toward Richmond as far as 
Tunstall's Station, and on the 26th to Gaines Mills. 

During this time the Fifth (Provisional) Army Corps had been 
formed, of which General Porter was given command. It was com- 
posed of his own division, the command of which was taken by 
General Morell, and another under General Sykes. The brigade to 
which the Eighteenth belonged was strengthened by the addition of 
the First Michigan Regiment, and was knoAvn as the First Brigade^ 
First Division. About the same time the regiment exchanged the 
smooth-bore muskets with which it had thus far been armed for the 
Springfield rifled pattern. Early in the morning of the 2Tth the 
division *set out for Hanover Court House, Ijut as the Eighteenth 
Regiment had been on picket during a heavy storm it was not in 
condition to march at once ; and though it followed a few hours 
later it was not in time to take part in the brilliant action by which 
General Porter defeated the Confederate force under General Branch. 
It assisted in burying the dead left upon the field by the enemy and 
on the 29th returned to its camp at Gaines Mills. There it re- 
mained till the 26th of June, when with the Seventeenth New York 



284 3IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of Butterfield's Brigade it was detached from the division to ac- 
company a force of cavalry and artillery under General Stoneman 
for the protection of the army supplies at White House. The ope- 
rations Avhich followed were arduous, and demanded many of the 
best qualities of soldiership, but all were performed in a manner to 
win praise. The stores there having been destroyed in conformity 
with McClellan's purpose to change base to the James river, the 
regiment embarked on transports, dropped down the river and 
finally by Avay of Fortress Monroe arrived at Harrison's Landing, 
where it debarked one day before the arrival of the rest of the bri- 
gade, which meantime had been fighting its way across the Peninsula. 

With the rest of the army, the Eighteenth encamped at Harri- 
son's Landing till the 15th of August, the only movement of note 
during that time so far as they were concerned being a reconnais- 
sance to the Chickahominy the last of July, returning to camp the 
same day. Before the transfer to the vicinity of Washington, how- 
ever, various changes occurred among the officers. Colonel Barnes 
took command of the brigade, succeeding General Martindale, who 
was made military governor of Washington ; Lieutenant Colonel 
Ingraham had been made colonel of a new Massachusetts regiment, 
then being recruited ; Major Hayes having been prostrated by sick- 
ness was necessarily away from the regiment, and the command 
devolved upon Captain Thomas, under whom the march was made 
on the 15th to the Chickahominy, thence by way of Williamsburg, 
Yorktown and Hampton to Newport News, where on the 20th trans- 
ports were taken for Acquia Creek. Going from there by rail to 
Falmouth, the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station, where 
it arrived on the 23d. The next few days Avere devoted to maneu- 
vering and marchings to and fro, falling back on the 27th to War- 
renton, next day to Catlett's, and on the 29th to Manassas Gap. 
From this point it marched to the battle of Manassas, or the Second 
Bull Run, in which it was destined to take an important p?irt. 

As the brigade, temporarily under command of Colonel Charles 
W. Roberts of the Second Maine, came upon the field during the 
forenoon of the 30th it was formed in double line of battle with 
supports in echelon, the Eighteenth forming the first line in rear of 
the skirmishers, two of its companies being deployed to extend the 
skirmish line so as to form connection on the right. An attempt 
was then made to advance across a field and through a piece of 



THE EIGIITEENTU REGIMENT. 285 

woods, by which it was hoped to flank a Confederate battery ; but 
the faihire of troops to tlie right and left to advance rendered the 
attempt futile ; the brigade was soon obliged to halt and answer the 
fire Avliich was poured in from front and both flanks, and after half 
an hour of this unccjual contest the decimated regiments fell back 
to a less cx})Oscd position, Sykcs's Division (Second) of the same 
corps covering their withdrawal. That night the regiment, which 
had won high praise for its gallantry during the day, retired with 
its corps to Centerville. It had lost in the engagement 40 killed, 
101 wounded and 28 missing, — more than half of the number 
taken into action. Of the dead were Captain Charles W. Carroll, 
First Lieutenant Warren D. Russell and Second Lieutenant Pardon 
Almy, Jr. Previous to this two officers of the regiment had died 
from disease — First Lieutenant George F. Hodges on the 31st of 
January and Second Lieutenant John D. Isbell on the 16th of July. 

Major Hayes returned to the command of the Eighteenth on the 
1st of September. He was soon after promoted to the vacant lieu- 
tenant colonelcy. Captain Thomas being made major; the commis- 
sions dated from the 25th of August, but it was some time later 
that the recipients were mustered to the new rank. During the 
niglit of the 1st and the following day the regiment marched to 
Chain Bridge, going on the 3d to Hall's Hill, where it rested till 
evening of the 6th. It then moved by night to Alexandria and 
staid till the 9th, thence to Fort Corcoran, opposite Georgetown, 
making another three-days' halt. Then began the march to the 
Antietam, where the Fifth Corj)S arrived on the 16th, but beyond 
supporting batteries on the east side of the creek the Eighteenth 
took no active part in the engagement. After the fighting was 
over the regiment was detailed for picket near the Burnside bridge, 
at the left, where it passed the 18th and the succeeding night, ad- 
vancing next day to the Potomac. It crossed that river on the 
20th, leading its brigade, and opened the action of Shepherds- 
town, in which the two brigades commanded by Barnes and Sykes 
encountered four times their number of Confederates, and being 
unsupported were obliged to fall back. The Eighteenth retired in 
good order, having lost three killed, 11 wounded and one missing. 
Following this unsatisfactory experience, the regiment remained in 
camp near Sharpsburg for about six weeks. 

The movement southward began on the 30th of October, when 



286 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAB. 

the column marched toward Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac 
there the following day and advanced by easy stages to Warrenton, 
where it went into* camp on the 9th. During this time the brigade, 
still commanded by Colonel Barnes, had been enlarged by the ad- 
dition of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Regiment ; 
the division was at that time under General Charles Griffin and the 
corps was commanded by General Butterfield. Camp was broken 
on the 17th, the regiment moving by way of Elktown to Hartwood 
Church, encamping there from the 19th to the 23d and then ad- 
vancing to a position on the railroad near the village of Falmouth. 
It remained there, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to 
Hartwood Church on the 1st of December, till the 11th of that 
month, when it took position further down the river, opposite 
Fredericksburg, and remained in waiting there till afternoon of the 
13th before it was called on to join in the battle. 

The call to action came at 1 o'clock, when the regiment led its 
division across the river, being the first of the Fifth Corps to cross. 
The brigade at once went to the front and relieved a brigade of the 
Ninth Corps which had suffered severely in an attempt to reach the 
enemy's line of works. A charge was made soon after by the Eight- 
eenth, but it was not successful and cost the command heavily in 
killed and wounded. After falling back it was reformed and again 
took its place in the front of the Union line where it remained 
during the rest of the afternoon and in that vicinity till the even- 
ing of the following day, when it retired to the town and early the 
next morning as part of the rear guard covered the withdrawal of 
the troops from that side of the river. The loss of the regiment in 
this battle was 13 killed and 121 wounded ; among the former being 
Captain George C.Ruby and Second Lieutenant James B. Hancock 
of Cambridge, and of the nine officers wounded Captain Joseph W. 
Collingwood died on the 24th. Every member of the color guard 
was wounded, so severe was the fire upon the colors ; but it is worthy 
of note that not a member of the regiment was missing from his 
place save the killed and wounded when the ordeal was over. 

The remainder of the winter and the early spring brought few 
events of importance to the Eighteenth Regiment, and on but two 
occasions did it quit camp for any extended operations. Marching 
up the river to Richards Ford with its brigade on the 30tli of Decem- 
ber, it forded the Rappahannock next day, the water being waist 



nil: EIGHTEENTH BEGIMENT. 287 

deep, drove back the Confederate videttes on the southern bank, j;s- 
cended the stream to the next ford, recrossed to the northern shore 
and made its way back to camp on the 1st of January, 18G3. It 
took part also in the " Mud March," three weeks later, and when 
that failed returned to the abandoned camp, remainint>- there till the 
spring suns had brought the roads into reliable condition and (fcn- 
eral Hooker, who had succeeded to the command of the Army of 
the Potomac, had i)erfccted his ])lans for the Chancellorsville cam- 
paign. The Fifth Corps had now passed under the command of 
General Meade ; Colonel Barnes had been commissioned a brigadier 
general of A-olunteers dating from the 29th of Xovcmber previous, 
in conseipience of which Lieutenant Colonel Hayes and Major 
Thomas had been advanced each one grade, dating from that time, 
and Ca])tain William 1>. White was commissioned major from the 
1st of March following. 

The movement for the crossing of the river began on the 27th of 
A])ril, when the regiment marched to Hartwood Church, advancing 
the next day to Kelly's Ford. On the 29th it crossed both the Rap- 
pahannock and the Rapidan, marching next day to Chancellorsville 
and on the Ist of J\Iay with its corps taking position at the left of 
the Union line near Banks Ford. The part taken in the battle by 
the Fifth Corps was not important, and the service of the Eighteenth 
was not exceptional. It was frequently under fire as demonstra- 
tions were made on that ])art of the line, and was drawn farther to 
the right during the course of the battle, its loss being Captain 
William G. Hewins killed on the 3d of May and 13 men Avoundcd. 
When the conllict was over, the Fifth Corps formed the rear guard 
of the Army of the Potomac in its retreat across the river, the 
Eighteenth Regiment assisting in taking up the ponton bridges 
when the troops had crossed. Then it returned once more to the 
camp near Falmouth, where it remained till the 29th, moved to Hart- 
wood Church, Morrisville and Grove Church, and again halted for 
two Aveeks. 

The movement northward which was to end with the battle of 
Gettysburg began for the Eighteenth on the 14th of June, when the 
regiment marched to Catlett's Station. It reached Aldie on the 
19th and two days later moved to Ashby's Gap in support of the 
cavalry engagement at Upjjerville, returning to Aldie next day and 
on the 26th advancing to Edwards Ferry ; thence by way of Frede- 



288 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

rick, Liberty, Unionville and Hanover to Gettysburg, Pa., which it 
reached on the morning of tlie 2d of July. During this time much 
change had occurred in the malce-up of the Fifth Corps, now com- 
manded by General Sykes. General Barnes had been promoted to 
the command of the First Division, Colonel Tilton of the Twenty- 
second Massachusetts commanded the brigade, which had been re- 
duced to the two Massachusetts regiments, the One Hundred and 
Eighteenth Pennsylvania and the First Michigan. The part taken 
in the battle of Gettysburg by the Eighteenth was like that at 
Chancellorsville, not important, and by a coincidence the loss on 
the two fields was the same — one killed and 13 wounded. This 
loss occurred when two brigades of the First Division attempted 
the assistance of De Trobriand's Brigade, which had been flanked 
from its position near the " wheat-field." Tilton's Brigade was itself 
speedily flanked andobliged to fall back. General Barnes, the division 
commander, being severely wounded at that time. Position was then 
taken by the brigade near Little Round Top, where it remained dur- 
ing the following day, and till the army moved from the field. 

From this time till the close of the year the history of the regi- 
ment is similar to that of many other organizations in the Army of 
the Potomac, which shared in the various movements of that body. 
It left Gettysburg on the 5th of July, crossed the Antietam the 10th, 
and during the three days following was in line of battle before 
Williamsport ; thence after the retreat of the Confederate army 
into Virginia it marched down the river to Berlin, where it crossed 
the Potomac on the 17th and ten days later went into camp at War- 
renton. The location was changed to Beverly Ford on the 8th of 
August and on the 16th the column marched to Culpepcr Court 
House, where the regiment under command of Major White (Colonel 
Hayes being in command of the brigade) was detailed as provost 
guard of the town, and remained on that duty till the 11th of Octo- 
ber. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas resigned from the 3d of Septem- 
ber, and the vacancy thus created was filled by the ])romotion of 
Major White, Captain Thomas Weston being made major — the com- 
missions dating from October 15. 

On rejoining its brigade at Beverly Ford the regiment found the 
Army of the Potomac on the alert to meet the movements of the 
enemy. Some demonstrations across the Rappahannock followed, 
and then came the rapid movement of both armies back toward 



TUE EiailTEEXTH IIEGIMEXT. 280 

Washinii'toii, ending Tvith another period of hostile array on the 
well-worn fields about Manassas, Fairfax Court House and Center- 
ville, but without engagement. Before the close of the montli the 
command Avas again back near Warrenton. It joined in the l)rilliant 
capture of Rappahannock Station on the 7th of November, where 
it suffered the loss of two killed and 14 wounded — Second Lieuten- 
ant George F. Weston of Lincoln dying of his injuries January 5, 
18G4. The regiment remained in the vicinity of the Rappahannock 
till the 26th of November, when it advanced to the Rapidan with 
the cori)s, crossed that stream at Culpeper Ford and took part in 
the Mine Run campaign which followed, having two men wounded 
while confronting the enemy's i)Osition. On the 3d of December it 
once more reached Beverly Ford and encamped for the winter. 

The months which followed were not a season of inaction, though 
regimental head-quarters remained at Beverly Ford ; there were 
heavy daily details for duty along the railroad, in addition to tlie 
natural demands for guard and outpost. Yet the spirit of the 
organization remained admirable, and of its few remaining original 
members 139 re-enlisted for another term of three years, if their 
services should thus long be required for the redemption of their 
country. As spring approached the xlrmy of the Potomac was re- 
organized into three corps, the Fifth being one of those retained, 
though largely changed in its make-up. By this change the Eight- 
eenth Regiment found itself a part of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, the regiments which com})Osed the brigade being in addi- 
tion the Twentieth j\Iaine, Forty-fourth New York, Eighty-third and 
One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, First and Sixteenth 
Michigan. General Jose])h J. Bartlett was the brigade commander, 
General Griffin was returned to the division and General Warren 
took the corps. By this arrangement Colonel Hayes resumed com- 
mand of his regiment. 

The Eighteenth began their part in the campaign on the 1st of 
May, when they crossed the Rappahannock and took position near 
J3 randy Station, waiting for the moving of the army. This began 
on the 3d, when an advance was made to Culpeper, the Rapidan 
was crossed next day at Germania Ford, and that night the com- 
mand bivouacked near the Wilderness Tavern. Next morning in- 
telligence came that the enemy were advancing, and the Eighteenth 
with the Eighty-third Pennsylvania were sent out to investigate. 



290 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 

Reaching the picket line, Colonel Hayes sent out two companies of 
his regiment under Captain Bent as skirmishers. They advanced, 
driving back the Confederate skirmish line till it was ascertained 
that the rebel army was in force, when they returned, having lost 
one man killed, who was believed to be the first infantryman to 
fall in the campaign. Taking position in the front line of battle, 
the regiment joined in the advance which immediately followed 
and was successful in breaking and forcing back the opposing line 
till the failure of troops in co-operation to maintain the advance ex- 
posed the flank of Bartlett's Brigade and necessitated its with- 
drawal for some distance. During this charge Colonel Hayes was 
badly wounded in the head, and after the return Major Weston was 
severely sun-struck, which necessitated his absence for some weeks. 
The regiment was not again actively engaged till the morning of 
the 7th, when it was placed on the skirmish line, and fought sharply 
during the morning. Soon after noon it led forward a line of battle 
to feel the Confederate position; finding them strongly posted the 
Union troops retired and the Eighteenth were relieved, having lost in 
the various operations during the battle seven killed and 19 wounded. 
All of the night which followed was consumed in the slow move- 
ment to the left, morning linding the corps near Laurel Hill. Grif- 
fin's Division took the right hand road at the fork near Alsop's, 
Bartlett's Brigade leading in double line of battle, the Eighteenth 
holding the right of the second line. The enemy's works were soon 
reached and attacked, but the defenders were in force and the as- 
sault failed, the division being reformed and holding a position near 
the farthest point of advance. The loss of the regiment in this 
engagement was one killed and nine wounded. While on picket 
during the night of the 10th the command suffered a further loss 
of three wounded. These experiences ended the actual fighting of 
the regiment in the battles before Spottsylvania, though it took part 
in all the movements of its division and had a full share in the in- 
cessant hardships of the occasion. After the tedious night march 
to the left, and spending some days there in the vain effort to lind 
an unguarded spot in the line of intrenchments, the field was 
evacuated, as that in the Wildei'ness had been, and the army moved 
by the left flank once more. The 23d of May brought the command 
to the North Anna, where in the early part of the afternoon it 
waded the river at Jericho Ford, the Eighteenth being placed in an 



THE EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 201 

important position near the Fountain homestead, to prevent its oc- 
cupation by the enemy. Tlierc was a lively engagement between 
the skirmishers at this point before the main attack on the hastily 
established Union lines which followed, but the only loss of the 
regiment — and that a serious one — came from the wounding of 
Lieutenant Colonel White, Captain Messervy succeeding him as 
regimental commander. 

During the time that the armies confronted each other the Eight- 
eenth occupied various positions, now in reserve, then assisting in 
destroying the railroad and again on the picket line, but without 
further casualty. After dark on the night of the 26th the entire 
picket line fell back cautiously and finally crossed the river, the 
movement to the left being resumed. Next day the regiment 
guarded the ammunition train, crossed the Pamunkey river on the 
28th and rejoined its brigade, advancing on the 30th by the Shady 
Grove road and in the skirmishing of the day having three men 
wounded. The position being intrenched next day, another ad- 
vance occurred on the 1st of June, when the line moved forward 
some distance, the Eighteenth on the right and in front, being 
separated from the Ninth Corps by a ravine. Work on intrench- 
ments was at once begun, but had not progressed far when the 
enemy suddenly emerged from the ravine, drove the pickets in and 
attempted to I'oute the Eighteenth ; but the regiment received the 
assailants with so bitter a fire that they hugged the earth till dusk 
and then withdrew. The Eighteenth, having exhausted their am- 
munition, held the line for some time before being relieved, with no 
reliance in case of a renewal of the attack but their bayonets. 
Their loss in the encounter was six killed and nine wounded. Some 
adjustment of the corps was made during the next two days, and 
the withdrawal and advancement of the lines elicited prompt atten- 
tion from the watchful Confederates. In the attendant fighting 
the regiment lost two men wounded on the 'Id, and the next day 
had six killed and seven wounded — among the slain being Captain 
Charles F. Pray of Quincy. 

In pursuance of General Grant's plan to move his army beyond 
the James river, the Fifth Corps was withdrawn from its position 
on the right and moved to the left of the line at Cold Harbor, where 
it took position in the rear of the Second Corps on the morning of 
the 6tli. Very early on the 7th Griffin's Division moved still fur- 



292 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ther to the left, the Eighteenth in advance, to Sumner's Bridge 
on the Chickahominy. The hostile pickets being found on the 
hither side of the stream were driven across by skirmishers from 
the regiment, after which a picket line was established covering the 
bridge, the rest of the command in reserve. This was done at a 
cost of three wounded — two mortally. The command remained in 
that vicinity till the 12th, when it moved down the Chickahominy 
to Jones's Bridge, crossed the next day by the ponton bridge, was 
ferried across the James on the 16th, and marched at once toward 
Petersburg. In the fighting of the first few days before that city 
the Eighteenth were not engaged, their division forming a part of 
the reserve. 

Major Weston returned and resumed command on the 20th, the 
corps being next day moved further to the left where it intrenched 
and remained till the 20th of July, when those whose terms of en- 
listment were about to expire were ordered to Washington for mus- 
ter out. The recruits and re-enlisted men were temporarily formed 
into a battalion, the officers being Captain Luther 8. Bent of Quincy, 
commanding, with the following first lieutenants as line oilicers : 
George W. Smith of Cambridge, John A. Walch of Wareham, 
Amasa Guild, James M. Pond and William C. Coburn, all of Ded- 
ham. This battalion, during the time that it maintained its organi- 
zation, well upheld the reputation of the regiment Avhose name it 
inherited. In addition to the duties of the siege, of which it bore 
its full share, it had part in two important actions at the left of the 
lines of investment. The first of these was on the 21st of August, 
when it assisted in repelling the attack of the Confederates at the 
Weldon railroad, the battalion capturing 50 prisoners and a flag of 
the Twenty-seventh South Carolina. On the 30th of September, at 
Peebles Farm, the detachment won additional credit, Captain Bent 
commanding the skirmish line on that occasion and winning the 
brevet of major for " gallant and distinguished services." During 
October the battalion was consolidated with the Thirty-second Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, most of the officers being discharged, and the 
Eighteenth ceased to be an organization, the original members hav- 
ing been mustered out on the 2d of September. 



THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Nineteenth Regiment was organized at Camp Schouler, 
Lynnlield, the nucleus being the three companies of the 
First Battalion of Rifles, to which other Essex county organi- 
zations were added. The regiment had not, however, reached the 
maximum number Avhcn the call of the secretary of war for all 
available regiments and detachments to be hurried forward at once 
caused its muster and departure for Washington, August 28, 1861. 
The Held officers were commissioned August 3 and the staff and line 
on the 22d, the roster following : — 

Colonel, Edward W. Hincks of Lynn; lieutenant colonel, Arthur 
F. Devereux of Salem; major, Henry J. Howe of Haverhill; surgeon, 
J. Franklin Dyer of Gloucester; assistant surgeon, Josiali N. Willard 
of Boston ; chaphiin, Joseph C, Cromack of Worcester ; adjutant, 
John C. Chadwick of Salem; quartermaster, Levi Shaw of Rockport; 
sergeant major, Samuel Baxter of Newburyport; (piartermaster ser- 
geant, Oliver F. Briggs of Boston; commissary sergeant, Elisha A. 
Hinks of Orrington, Me. ; hospital steward, William E. Barrows of 
Andover; principal musician, JosepL L. Kendall of Lynnfield; leader 
of band, Jobn A. Spofford of South Reading. 

Company A — Captain, Moses P. Stanwood of West Newbury; first 
lieutenant, Cbarles M. Merritt of Lynn; second lieutenant, Isaac H. 
Boyd of West Xewbury. 

Company B — Captain, Elijah P. Rogers of Newbury: first lieuten- 
ant, John Hodges, Jr., of Salem; second lieutenant, James T. Lurvey 
of Lowell. 

Company C — Captain, Joseph Scott Todd of Rowley; first lieuten- 
ant, George W. Batchelder of Salem ; second lieutenant, Samuel S. 
Prime of Rowley. 

Company D — Captain, James D. Russell of Boston; first lieutenant, 
^loncena Dunn of Roxbury; second lieutenant, John P. Reynolds, 
Jr., of Salem. 

Company E — Captain, Andrew Maboney of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, David Lee of Lancaster, Pa.; second lieutenant, George M. Ban-y 
of Boston. 

Company F — Captain, Edmund Rice of Cambridge; first liouten- 



294 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ant, James H. Eice of Brighton; second lieutenant, James G. 0. 
Dodge of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, Harrison G. 0. Weymouth of Lowell; first 
lieutenant, Samuel D. Ilovey of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Dud- 
ley C. Mumford of Medford. 

Company H — Captain, William H. Wilson of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry A. Hale of Salem; second lieutenant, William H. LeCain 
of Boston, 

Company H (3d) — Captain, Charles U. Devereux of Salem; first 
lieutenant, Albert Thorndike of Beverly; second lieutenant, Charles 
B. Warner of South Danvers. 

Company I — Captain, Jonathan F. Plimpton; first lieutenant, 
Christopher C. Sampson, both of Boston; second lieutenant, William 
Palmer of Salem. 

Company K. Tiger Fire Zouaves of Boston — Captain, Ansel D. 
Wass; first lieutenant, Eugene Kelty; second lieutenant, Edward P. 
Bishop. 

The command reached Washington at evening of the SOtli of 
August, and next day marched to Camp Kalorama at Meridian Hill, 
where for two weeks it devoted its time to drill, much needed, as many 
of its members had been enlisted during the few days previous to 
leaving Massachusetts. As it had come out with something less 
than 800 men, the original Company H was broken up during No- 
vember and distributed among the other companies, a new company 
being recruited and sent on to take its place. Lieutenant Hale of 
the original company was transferred to Company I, the other two 
officers resigning. On the 12th of September orders were received 
assigning the regiment to General Lander's Brigade of Stone's 
Division and directing it to report to Poolesville, then the head- 
quarters of that division, known as the Corps of Observation. A 
march of three days took the regiment to its destination, near Ed- 
wards Ferry, a few miles from Poolesville, the other troops of the 
l)rigade being the Twentieth Massachusetts and Seventh Michigan 
Regiments and the First Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters. 

Six companies were detailed from the Nineteenth to picket the 
Potomac between Conrad's Ferry and Sheldon's Island, and this ar- 
rangement continued till the battle of Ball's Bluff, October 21. 
On the afternoon of that day eight companies of the regiment were 
gathered at the crossing by way of Harrison's Island to the A^irginia 
shore, where Colonel Hincks, the senior officer present, superin- 
tended the crossing of the detachments which were to precede his 
own command. Tt was not till sunset that the Nineteenth reached 



THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 295 

the island, and by that time the battle had been fought and lost, and 
the fragments of the defeated commands were being driven back 
down the bluff and into the river. The regiment advanced to the 
side of the island facing the Virginia shore and formed line of bat- 
tle, but as there was no fighting to be done there devoted its energies 
during the night to rescuing Union fugitives from the river, caring 
for the dead and wounded on the island and transporting them back 
to the Maryland side. Before daylight disposition was made to re- 
sist an attack from the Confederates, but a rain storm set in and 
after a time, when it became evident that there was to be no further 
fighting, a flag of truce was displayed and arrangements were made 
for burying the Federal dead on the battle-field, at which a detach- 
ment worked all through the day. At night the party returned 
to the main body and the island was vacated. 

Owing to the wounding of General Lander and the capture of 
Colonel Lee of the Twentieth, the command of the brigade devolved 
on Colonel Hincks. Two days later the regiment returned to camp, 
and under the efficient direction of Lieutenant Colonel Devereux 
devoted itself assiduously to drill and discipline. On the 4th of 
December it left Camp Benton, near Poolesville, and marched to 
Muddy Brook, some miles nearer Washington, where it relieved 
troops of General Banks's Division and remained during the win- 
ter ; its arduous duties requiring the picketing of 13 miles of the 
Potomac, the building of three block-houses, provost duty at Rock- 
ville and Darnestown, in addition to the ordinary requirements of 
a winter camp. 

The regiment was engaged in this duty till the 12th of March, 
1862, when it was ordered to rejoin its brigade, marched to Har- 
per's Ferry and thence to Charlestown and Berryville, where the 
three brigades of the division were united under command of Gen- 
eral John Sedgwick. The division was not destined to remain with 
General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, however, for on the 15th 
it started back to Harper's Ferry, stopped there till the 24th and 
was taken by rail to Washington, After two days in camp, trans- 
ports were taken on the 27th for Fortress Monroe. That night a 
storm caused the landing of the regiment at Point Lookout, at the 
mouth of the Potomac, but next day the destination was reached and 
the Nineteenth marched to Hampton, where it joined the Army of 
the Potomac operating against Richmond, the regiment forming 



296 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

part of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps, General 
Sumner commanding. 

The first experience of the Nineteenth in action was on the 7th 
of April, when having arrived before the Confederate works at 
Yorktown, the regiment with the Twentieth imder command of 
General Dana made a reconnaissance to locate and develop the 
enemy's position near Wynn's Mills, which was executed creditably 
under a sharp musketry fire by which one man was killed and a 
number wounded, including Captain Wass. After the month of 
siege operations which followed, the Nineteenth were among the 
first troops to become apprised of the evacuation by the Confede- 
rates, on the 4th of May ; but after marching in pursuit the next 
day as far as Yorktown, in a driving rain-storm, the division halted 
and on the 6th went by transports to West Point. Thence it pro- 
ceeded up the Peninsula. The Nineteenth were not engaged in the 
battle of Fair Oaks, being on picket on the flank during the first 
day and in reserve the next day ; but after the battle they were con- 
stantly on duty, either on picket at the front or protecting the rail- 
road and supplies of the army. At the battle of Oak Grove on the 
25th of June the regiment was sent to the assistance of General 
Hooker, forming the right of his line, where it was heavily engaged 
and suffered a loss of 11 killed and 40 wounded — among its killed 
being Second Lieutenant Charles B. Warner. 

This engagement was immediately followed by the famous Seven 
Days' battles and the change of base of the Army of the Potomac 
to the James river, in which the Nineteenth Regiment had an 
honorable part. With its corps it held the works on the night of 
the evacuation, falling back at morning light to Peach Orchard and 
awaiting the pursuit of the enemy and the fight which followed ; 
then after having supported Battery A of the First Rhode Island 
Light Artillery, the regiment fell back to Savage's Station, where 
another action ensued. The Nineteenth at that time formed the 
right of the brigade and lay exposed to artillery fire, though not 
actively engaged. Being ordered on picket, the regiment obeyed 
only to be at once withdrawn and followed the army to and through 
White Oak Swamp, halting at daylight. After resting some two 
hours the brigade made its way to Glendale, but was recalled by a 
sharp fight at White Oak Bridge, and retraced its steps almost at a 
double-quick. After being placed in support of General Franklin, 



THE NINETEEXTIl REGIMENT. 297 

Dana's Brigade remained in position some two hours, when it was 
recalled by the fierce battle raging at Nelson's Farm or (ilendale. 
Reaching the l)attle-(ield, the regiments were hastily formed and 
took position where they were most needed. Some of the troops 
in front giving way, the Nineteenth were thrown into the gap to o[)- 
posc the exultant enemy, and though the situation was critical the 
regiment stood its ground nobly and by well-directed volleys sent 
the foe back in confusion. This success was Avon at a heavy cost, 
the loss of the regiment for the day — nearly all in the last encounter — 
being 19 killed, 84 Avounded and 42 missing. Major Howe and 
First Lieutenant David Lee were among the killed, Colonel Hincks 
•was severely wounded, as Avere several other officers, placing the 
regiment under command of Captain Rice till Lieutenant Colonel 
Devereux, who was absent sick, returned to duty a few days later. 
At Malvern Hill the brigade Avas posted at the extreme right of the 
. Union line and Avas not actively engaged, retiring Avith the army to 
Harrison's Landing during the night. 

The Nineteenth marched from the Landing to Fortress Monroe, 
embarking from Newport News on the 24th of August, landing at 
Alexandria four days later and being dispatched to Chain Bridge 
to occupy the defenses at that point. Colonel Hincks Av^as at that 
time in command of the l)rigade, and had been sent with it to Ten- 
nallytown, across the Potomac, Avhen other orders directed him to 
take it to the succor of General Pope's Army of Virginia. Start- 
ing on the morning of the 30th, the brigade crossed Aqueduct 
bridge and reached Fairfax Court House the next morning, having 
marched more than 60 miles in the same number of hours, much 
of the time through a heavy rain-fall. The Nineteenth Avere left at 
the Court House as the Confederate cavalry hovered in the vicinitv, 
while its fellow-regiments went on ; but next morning the defeated 
Union army falling back on Washington relieved the regiment, and 
Avith its division it returned to Chain Bridge, forming Avith the First 
Minnesota the rear guard of the column. This Avas a trying posi- 
tion, in w^iich the regiment acquitted itself creditably, but on re- 
joining the main body the tAvo regiments Avere fired into by the 
Union troops under some misapprehension, one of the sad results 
being the mortal Avounding of Assistanjb Surgeon John E. Hill of 
CharlestoAvn, who had but just joined the regiment. He died of 
his injuries at GeorgetoAvn on the 11th of September. 



29S MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

The Nineteenth with its corps marched northward through Mary- 
land in the Antictam campaign, witnessing but not participating in 
the battle of South ]\Iountain and winning for itself high i)raise at 
Antietam on the 17th, though the fortunes of the division of which 
it formed part were especially disastrous. Sedgwick's Division was 
taken into action by General Sumner, the corps commander, in per- 
son, about the middle of the forenoon, at the Union right, after 
Hooker's and Mansfield's corps had fought and been decimated. It 
went in in column of brigades, the three lines in close order, with- 
out connection or support on either flank. Pressing forward till 
"the enemy was encountered, the division soon found itself almost 
surrounded. A terrible fire was received from front and flank and 
rear ; the division was helpless and a third of its number were cut 
-down in a few moments. Some of the regiments faced by the rear 
rank and fired, others broke from the death-trap with little attempt 
at resistance. Two regiments only stood their ground, and one of 
these was the Nineteenth. It had formed the right of the second 
line, as had the First Minnesota of the first line, and these two 
maintained their organization, the First falling back into line with 
the Nineteenth. Facing to the rear these two regiments fought 
their way back, stopping four times in the terrible retrograde to 
give the foe a taste of their indomitable courage. At the last halt, 
which was still in advance of any other portion of the Union line, 
the rebels gave up the pursuit and the remnants of the two heroic 
regiments were no further tried. The loss of the Nineteenth in 
this sanguinary contest cannot be exactly given, but 16 of its num- 
ber had been killed on the field, while the proportion of wounded was 
large. Captain George W. Batchclder was among the killed, while 
Colonel Hincks was again severely and Lieutenant Colonel Devereux 
slightly wounded. The latter being soon after given leave of absence 
the regiment was for a time in command of Captain Weymouth. 

During the ten weeks which followed there were numerous 
changes in the commanders and their commands throughout the 
Army of the Potomac, and the Third Brigade was no excc})tion to 
the rule. General Burnside having succeeded General McClellan 
in the command of the army, it was reorganized in three grand 
divisions, the right being commanded by General Sumner and con- 
sisting of his own Second Cor))S and the Ninth. General D. N. 
Couch commanded the corps, (Jeneral O. 0. Howard the division, 



THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 299 

and Colonel Norman J. Hall of the Seventh Michigan the brigade, 
■svhich in addition to the four regiments which had so long served 
together had been strengthened by the addition of the Fifty-ninth 
New York and One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania 
Kegiments. In the advance to Fredericksburg the right grand di\ is- 
ion led and was first to occupy the Falmouth shore, and it was when 
the laying of the bridges was attempted on tiie 11th of December 
that the Nineteenth Massachusetts, with other regiments of its bri- 
gade, made its most notable record. The engineers being unable 
to lay the ponton bridges on account of the Confederate sharp- 
shooters on the opposite bank, a portion of Hall's Brigade volun- 
teered to cross the river in open boats and drive out the marksmen 
at the point of the bayonet. Two companies of the Michigan regi- 
ment led, landed and captured those of the enemy nearest to the 
river's margin ; the Nineteenth followed, and charging up the bank 
-by companies advanced to the main street of Fredericksburg, where 
line of battle was formed. Company D, Captain Dunn, was then 
deployed as skirmishers and the balance of the regiment retired to 
the river bank. As the fighting between the skirmishers and the 
reinforced enemy grew sharp. Companies E and K were sent for- 
ward to the support of D, and presently as the Confederate line of 
battle drew near, the remainder of the regiment with the Twentieth 
Massachusetts, which had also crossed in the boats, advanced to 
Caroline street, where a sharp action ensued. The bridge being 
rapidly completed, other troops crossed and the rebels retired. 

The Nineteenth were not further engaged till the morning of the 
13th, when they were moved to the front to occupy some works 
which had been thrown up. This movement was executed under a 
severe fire, Captain Weymouth who had thus far commanded the 
regiment being wounded with other officers and the command fall- 
ing ui)on Captain Plympton. After occupying the position till their 
ammunition was exhausted, the survivors were ordered back to their 
brigade, and were not called upon for further sacrifice, recrossing 
the river with the rest of the army on the night of the loth. Out 
of about 300 taken into action, the regiment had lost in the battle 
14 killed, 83 wounded and seven missing; eight color-bearers were 
either killed or wounded. Second Lieutenant Thomas Claffey of 
Lowell was killed, and First Lieutenant Edgar M. Newcomb of 
Boston received wounds from which he died on the 19th. 



300 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The regiment remained in camp near Falmouth during the winter 
and early spring of 1863, numerous changes occurring in its roster 
of officers. The death of Major Howe had been followed by the 
promotion of Captain Wass to the vacancy ; but the latter had on 
the 6th of September, 1862, been appointed lieutenant colonel of the 
Forty-first Massachusetts Volunteers and Captain Edmund Rice 
succeeded him as major. In the early spring of 1863 the connec- 
tion of Colonel Hincks with the regiment terminated, he having 
been made brigadier general of volunteers to date from the 29th of 
November previous ; Lieutenant Colonel Devereux was promoted 
to the colonelcy, and Lieutenant Colonel Wass was soon transfer- 
red back to the Nineteenth. Chaplain Cromack had at an early 
period in the regiment's history been transferred to the Twenty- 
second regiment, being succeeded by Ezra D. Winslow of Chester ; 
the latter was discharged for disability in December, 1862, and the 
office was not again filled. 

In the Chancellorsville campaign the division to which the Nine- 
teenth belonged, then commanded by General Gibbon, was assigned 
to the assistance of General Sedgwick's Sixth Corps at Fredericks- 
burg and breaking camp crossed the Rappahannock at the city dur- 
ing the night of May 2. Next morning the division was moved to 
the right, the Nineteenth in advance, where it demonstrated against 
the hostile works till the charge of storming columns from the 
Sixth Corps carried the bights. While Sedgwick pushed on toward 
Salem Church, Gibbon was left to hold the town and cover the 
bridges, which he did until sometime on the 5th, hghting the Con- 
federates as they came back into the works from which they had 
been driven. The Nineteenth took part in all these duties and 
operations, but sustained little loss, and after the close of the 
struggle returned to the old camp on the Falmouth side. 

There the regiment remained till the 16tli of the following 
month, when it joined the army in its move toward Gettysburg, 
forming with a section of artillery the rear guard of the column. 
It reached Thoroughfare Gap on the 21st and stopped there for 
three days, when the northward movement was resumed, via Gum 
Springs and Edwards Ferry to Frederick City, where another halt 
of three days took place. Thence the command marched on the 
30th to Uniontown, Avhere the Nineteenth did })rovost duty till an 
order was received at noon of the 1st of July to repair at once to 



THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 301 

Gettysburg. Late in the evening* the line lialtcd within a short dis- 
tance of the field and at daybreak of the 2d the regiment went to 
the front, taking position at the left of Cemetery Hill, Avhere it re- 
mained till late in the afternoon. It was then with the Forty- 
second New York advanced toward the right of the Third Cor})s, 
which was being driven back by the force of Longstreet's attack. 
Taking a favorable position, it waited till the broken troops in its 
front had passed, and delivered its fire at the advancing Confeder- 
ates. It then fell back to the support of a battery, where it re- 
mained till after dark when it returned to its brigade, which con- 
sisted of the same ti'oops as at the battle of Fredericksburg, save 
the transfer to another command of the Pennsylvania regiment. 

Next morning the Nineteenth were placed in support of a battery 
near by, and remained there till the opening of the cannonade 
which preceded the final attack on the Union lines by Pickett's 
Division of Confederates. The battery force was soon so reduced 
that the guns could not be properly worked, and its captain called 
on the Nineteenth for volunteers. Twenty-four men and officers 
at once responded. As the enemy struck Webb's Brigade, to the 
right of Hall's, and made a lodgment within the Union works, 
Colonel Devereux asked of General Hancock as he passed the priv- 
ilege of leading his men to the point of peril, which was granted. 
The command at once moved to the conflict, followed by three other 
regiments of the brigade, engaging the foe fiercely almost hand to 
hand. In that final struggle, which l)roke and scattered the attack- 
ing force, capturing so large a ])art, no regiment had a prouder 
record than the Nineteenth Massachusetts. Its handful of men 
captured the battle-flags of four Virginia regiments — the Four- 
teenth, Nineteenth, Fifty-third and Fifty-seventh, three of which 
were of Armistead's Brigade, Pickett's Division. The regiment 
had brought to the field 141 enlisted men, with the due proportion 
of officers — about 160 all told. Of this number it lost nine killed, 
63 wounded and five missing, — about 50 per cent. First Lieuten- 
ant Herman Donath of Roxl)ury and Second Lieutenant Sherman 
S. Robinson of West Newbury were killed; Lieutenant Colonel 
Wass, Major Rice, and seven other officers were wounded. 

The regiment then moved to the left Avhere some of its members 
were detailed to man a battery which had suffered severely, others 
being engaged in provost duty. The next day was given up to 



302 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

patient waiting for a renewal of the battle, and the 5th to the burial 
of the dead ; but on the 6th the march southward was begun and took 
the command by way of Taneytown and Frederick to the vicinity of 
Williamsport, where the two armies faced each other for a time. 
On the 14th it was known that the Confederates had crossed the 
Potomac and while they moved southward on the west side of the 
Blue Ridge, the Union army passed down the river to Berlin, crossed 
by a ponton bridge and executed a parallel movement on the east 
side of the Ridge. The regiment reached Warrenton Junction on 
the 24th, stopped there five days and then changed position to Mor- 
risville, where with the exception of a reconnaissance to the vicin- 
ity of Falmouth it remained till the 12th of September, when camp 
was broken, and on the 16th the Rapidan was reached in the vicin- 
ity of Raccoon Ford. The regiment encamped there till the close of 
the month, then went to Mitchell's Station and did guard duty till the 
5th of October, when it fell back to Culpeper and staid till the 11th. 

Line of battle was formed that day, a conflict being expected, but 
it did not occur and the following morning the command began its 
march northward, crossing the Rappahannock that day and on the 
14th taking part in the engagement at Bristoe Station. This affair 
opened very unexpectedly, the regiment being on the march along 
the railroad when the enemy appeared. Position was taken behind 
the embankment, from which a well-directed fire sent the enemy 
back in confusion. Two companies were thrown out as skirmishers 
as soon as the repulse was assured, capturing quite a number of 
prisoners and assisting in bringing in three pieces of artillery which 
the Confederates had been obliged to abandon. The loss of the 
regiment was one sergeant mortally and three commissioned officers 
slightly wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Wass who was in 
command of the brigade. 

This little engagement over, the regiment was not again called to 
exchange shots with the foe till the Mine Run campaign, though In 
the mean time it followed all the movements of the army. It en- 
camped a few miles from Brandy Station from the lOtli of Novem- 
ber till the 26th, when it started on the last movement of an event- 
ful year. Crossing the Rapidan at Gcrmania Ford, it advanced the 
following day to Robertson's Cross Roads, in the vicinity of which 
the southern troops were encountered and the Nineteenth were de- 
ployed on the skirmish line at two or three points, having one man 



THE NINETEENTH ItEGUIENT. 305 

killed and one wounded. The regiment was not further engaired 
during the maneuvers which followed, and returned to its camp 
near Brandy Station on the 2d of December, changing location once 
or twice before settling into winter (luarters. Severely as the com- 
mand had been tried, it had not lost heart, as was attested by the 
re-enlistment of 160 of its number on the 20th of December for an 
additional three years. A furlough of 35 days was granted on ac- 
count of this re-enlistment, but it was not till the 4tli of February, 
1864, that the veterans were enabled to leave Stevensburg for home. 
They reached Boston on the 8th, went to Salem the same day, re- 
ceiving enthusiastic receptions at both places ; mustering every man 
when the time arrived for the return and reporting back to the 
Army of the Potomac with no comrade missing. 

As the time for opening the spring campaign approached the 
reorganizatien of the Army of the Potomac into three corps caused 
many changes in divisions and l)rigades. In the case of Giljbon's 
Division, which retained its number as Second Division, Second 
Corps, the Third Brigade, of which the Nineteenth formed party 
was consolidated with the First, under General A. S. Webb, who 
had previously commanded the Second Brigade. As thus made up^ 
the brigade consisted of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth 
Massachusetts, Nineteenth Maine, Forty-second, Fifty-ninth and 
Eighty-second New York and Seventh Michigan Regiments with 
the Andrew Sharpshooters. Colonel Devereux had resigned his 
commission from the 27th of February, and in regular order Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Wass, Major Rice and Captain Moncena Dunn were 
promoted dating from the following day, these being the last actual 
])romotions during the regiment's term of service. 

Camp was broken for the spring campaign on the night of the- 
3d of May, and with seven officers and 211 men present for duty 
the Nineteenth took its place in the column and next day crossed 
the Rapidan at Ely's Ford. In the battle of the Wilderness, tJie 
regiment had but one serious encounter with the enemy. This was 
during the morning of the 6th, when the brigade being ordered 
forward to the support of other troops suddenly found itself at 
close quarters with the Confederates, the Nineteenth being flanked 
and in danger of capture. A brief engagement followed, in which 
the regiment lost three killed, nine wounded and 17 captured. Re- 
tiring in some confusion, the brigade reformed its line, and that 



304 MASSACUUSETTS IN TUB WAB. 

afternoon was again advanced, moving through the tangle, but soon 
leturncd to the works and remained there during the night. It ad- 
vanced again during the afternoon of the 7th, engaged the enemy 
and pressed back his outposts some distance, holding the ground 
gained till after dark when the Union forces once more retired to 
their works, the Nineteenth having lost nine men wounded. 

Webb's Brigade formed the rear guard of the Army of the 
Potomac as it moved to the left toward Spottsylvania, and setting out 
in the morning of the 8th marched as far as Todd's Tavern, in the 
vicinity of .diich it remained till afternoon of the 9th, occupying 
various positions, much of the time in line of battle or engaged in 
the erection of temporary fortifications, guarding the flank and 
rear of the Union column against sudden attack from the Confede- 
rates by way of the Catharpin road. The regiment then joined in 
the southward movement and crossed the Po, lying in line of battle 
during the night. It withdrew to the north side of the stream next 
morning, moved further to the left and advanced against the strong 
position of the enemy, being under fire most of the day and making 
two unsuccessful charges, its loss being 23, of whom five were 
killed. During the afternoon and night of the lltli the regiment 
with most of its corps was engaged in the preparations for the des- 
perate charge of the Confederate position at " The Angle " which 
General Hancock had decided to attempt. This charge was heroi- 
cally made and was successful, but at serious cost to the Union 
troops. The Nineteenth, now reduced to a comparative handful of 
men, suffered severely in the early part of the contest, having four 
killed, including First Lieutenant John J. Ferris of Boston, and 
many wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Rice with several men who 
had got considerably in advance of their comrades fell into the 
hands of the enemy. The regiment assisted in the capture of the 
Confederate artillery which was taken at the time, and brought off 
oijc of the enemy's battle-flags in triumph, after which it helped to 
hold the works which had been talvcn, being relieved at night. 

In the subsequent operations before S{)ottsylvania, while the 
Nineteenth had their full share of the duties, marches and maneu- 
vers, tjiey were not seriously engaged except on the 18th, when 
they took part in the general attack of that morning. I'his proved 
a fruitless attemi)t, though it cost the regiment several brave men 
wounded. At midnight of the 20th the Second Corps headed the 



THE JSINETEENTH REGIMENT. 305 

movement of the army still further to the left, the Nineteenth going 
on picket after crossing the Mataj)ony on the 21st and remaining 
in that vicinity till the morning of the 23d, in the mean time ex- 
changing shots with the enemy's pickets. Evening of that day 
brought the brigade to the North Anna, where fighting was already 
in progress. The river was crossed by the command the next morn- 
ing and soon after the Nineteenth again went on the skirmish line. 
This proved a trying place, the day being very hot and many men suf- 
fering sun-strokes. The Confederate pickets were driven back be- 
yond their works; but later the men of the Nineteenth found them- 
selves Hanked, though tho flankers were defeated after a sharp fight, 
the regiment having on that day four men killed and several wounded. 
During most of the time that the two armies confronted cacli other 
there the Nineteenth were on picket on different parts of the field, 
but were relieved at night of the 26th and recrossed the river. 

The lines at the North Anna were evacuated on the 27th and the 
regiment moved toward the Pamunkey, crossing it on the 28th and 
at once throwing up such intrenchments as circumstances recpiircd. 
An advance of some two miles was made on the 30th to the Jones 
House, where the regiment went on picket in the course of the after- 
noon, meeting a sharp fire, and later in the day assisting in the repulse 
of a Confederate advance, but suffering no loss. It was less fortunate 
the next morning, when the lines were advanced, driving the hostile 
skirmishers back to their main line, but at a cost to the regiment of 
one valued officer — Captain Dudley C. Mumford — killed. During 
that night and the following day the Nineteenth were on the skir- 
mish line ; but the desperate struggle at Cold Harbor had opened and 
at dusk of the 1st of June General Hancock began to withdraw his 
corps from the Union right to place it beyond the Sixth Corps at the 
left of the lines. The destination was reached at noon of the 2d, and 
with its accustomed fortune, the Nineteenth Regiment was at once 
sent out upon the skirmish line under fire. It suffered no serious 
loss, however, till the morning of the 3d, when it joined in the at- 
tack on the Confederate position and met the fate of all portions of 
the Union army engaged — heavy loss with nothing gained. Seven 
members of the regiment were wounded and two killed, one of the 
latter being First Lieutenant John B. Thompson of Lawrence. The 
command retained a position close to the hostile works, where slight 
intrenchments were thrown up during the ensuing night, giving a 



306 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

partial shelter from the incessant sharp-shooting of the enemy. 
Still several men were lost while there, two of wiiom were killed. 

Cold Harbor was evacuated in the evening of the 12th, the regi- 
ment making a sharp march to the James river, where it arrived 
and crossed by steamer on the 14th. It moved i>sxt day with its 
corps toward Petersburg, where it at once took part in the opera- 
tions against that city on the 17th, 18th and 19th, having two men 
killed and several wounded, but fmding the works of the Confede- 
rates too strongly held to be carried by direct attack. On the even- 
ing of the 20th, it withdrew from the front and passed one quiet 
night at the rear. This was all, however, for next morning the 
regiment marched to the left, where an attempt was being made to 
extend the Union lines so as to cut the Weldon railroad. The 
Jerusalem Plank road was crossed and the Nineteenth once more 
went on picket, remaining till noon of the 22d, having one man 
killed and three wounded by the enemy's sharp-shooters. Position 
was then taken in the main line, when it was suddenly found that 
the Confederates had passed the flank and gained the rear of the 
left of the corps. As a result the regiment was almost wholly 
captured, only a few of those present by ch'ance and daring making 
their escape. These, with such convalescents and detached men as 
returned to duty were reorganized into the semblance of a command 
by First Lieutenant William F. Rice of Brighton, the senior officer 
left for duty, under whom the little band was employed on fatigue 
duty and in drill, being for a time relieved from the front where it 
had been so long and constantly exposed. 

On the afternoon of the 2Gth the regiment with its division 
marched to the Appomattox and took part in the movement to the 
north side of the James, where it was engaged in skirmishing and 
constructing earthworks till dusk of the 29tli, when the return be- 
gan. On reaching the* position held by the Fifth Corps, on the 30th, 
that command was found in conflict with the enemy and General 
Hancock's corps remained in support till dusk, when it resumed tlie 
march and at a late hour reached the camps left four days before. 
Early in August Lieutenant Colonel Rice, who had escaped from 
captivity, rejoined the regiment and resumed command. Colonel 
Wass had been mustered out on the 28tli of July, his term of 
service having expired, but the depicted numbers of the regiment 
did not allow promotion to iill the vacancy. 



THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 307 

Another movement to the north of the James took place on the 
12th of August, the Nineteenth with other troops embarking on 
transports at City Point and proceeding to Deep Bottom, where 
they debarked on the morning of the 14th and soon after joined in 
the battle of Strawberry Plains or Deep Bottom Run. Late in the 
afternoon a charge was made on the enemy's Avorks, and the outer 
pits were for a time occupied, but after dark they were evacuated 
and the Union troops proceeded to intrench their own position. In 
this attack the regiment met a loss of eight v.ounded, and won 
praise, as most of its members were new recruits. Orders to with- 
draw were given on the night of the 20th, and the regiment returned 
to its former camj) before Petersburg. As on the former occasion, 
the Second Corps found the Fifth engaged with the enemy and 
went to its support, remaining thus till evening of the 23d, when it 
set out for Reams Station on the Weldon railroad. During the 
24th the railroad was effectually destroyed in the vicinity of the 
depot, the Nineteenth acting as skirmishers while the work was in 
progress and afterward resuming their place in the brigade. Some 
changes of position were made during the 25th, and in the early 
part of the afternoon the brigade was in support of the First Divis- 
ion, General Miles, when the latter repulsed an advance of the 
Confederates. Later the regiment was placed in an exposed posi- 
tion in the rear of the first line of its own division (Gibbon's), 
where it was lying under a severe fire when a flank attack was 
made. The front line broke in confusion, and though the Nine- 
teenth tried to avert the calamity and started on a counter-charge, 
their efforts were not supported by the remainder of the brigade 
and were abandoned. Being imder fire from front, left and rear, 
the regiment withdrew from its exposed position, having lost one 
killed and 23 wounded or missing. 

From this time till the 24th of October the regiment was on 
fatigue duty or in garrison, most of the time at Battery Eleven and 
Fort Rice. The men whose original term of enlistment had ex- 
pired, 98 in number, had been mustered out and returned to Massa- 
chusetts about the last of August, and the remnant of the Twen- 
tieth Massachusetts Regiment was temporarily attached to the 
Nineteenth. Another movement to the left began, on the 26th of 
October and on the following day the Second Division, then com- 
manded by General Egan, reached the Boy dtown Plunk Road. There 



308 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

a sharp engagement ensued, in which the Nineteenth bore honorable 
part. Half of the regiment were deployed as skirmishers, and im- 
proved their opportunities so well that they captured the colors, five' 
officers and 50 men of the Forty-seventh North Carolina. When the 
Union troops were withdrawn the following night some 30 men with 
two officers were left on the skirmish line, and before they could re- 
join the regiment had the misfortune to fall in with the Confederate 
cavalry, by whom three were captured. The total loss of the Nine- 
teenth in the engagement was 12 wounded and missing. From this 
time till the close of the year the regiment was variously employed 
in garrison and picket duty, mining from Fort Stedman to meet an 
expected mine from the other side ; moving thence to the loft and 
commencing winter quarters, but before they were completed being 
again sent back to garrison duty — this time to Fort Emory, in con- 
nection with the Seventh Michigan. 

Fort Emory was located on the Vaughan road, and there the regi- 
ment remained till the operations of the spring campaign began. 
It was first called to active service on the 5th of February, 1865, 
to take part in the expedition which ended in the battle of Hatch- 
er's Run. The Second Corps was at that time commanded by Gen- 
eral Humphreys, who had succeeded General Hancock ; the division 
by General William Hays, though at this particular time it was in 
charge of General Thomas A. Smyth of the Third Brigade, while 
the First Brigade was commanded by Colonel William A. Olmstead 
of the Fifty-ninth New York. Having reached the vicinity of the 
Run, the corps halted while a regiment was sent forward to locate 
the enemy, and this important duty was intrusted to Lieutenant 
Colonel Rice and the Nineteenth. The hostile jackets were soon 
encountered, and the Massachusetts boys deploying as skirmishers 
engaged them sharply, forcing them back upon their main lines. 
In this contest the regiment had three killed and as many wounded, 
among the former being Second Lieutenant William H. Tibbetts of 
Roxbury. Intrenching as much as the circumstances would allow, 
the regiment held the ground gained, maintaining practically that 
position during all the events of the next few days, which mingled 
successes with some reverses so far as the operations of the Union 
troops were concerned ; a cold storm of rain, snow and sleet m.aking 
the occasion one of great discomfort and suiffcring. But the posi- 
tion gained was held, works were at once constructed and in their 



THE NINETEENTH liEGIMENT. 309 

vicinity the regiment with other troops built a winter camp in which 
a few weeks were passed. 

The Nineteenth left this camj) on the morning of the 25th of 
March, and were in support of the troops engaged in advancing the 
lines of the Second Corps, but took no active part, and after the 
movement was over returned to their quarters, remaining till night 
of the 28th. They then went upon picket, and next morning op 
being relieved joined the brigade which with the rest of the corps 
was operating against the enemy near Dabney's Mills. Various 
movements occupied the next few days, but it was not till the morn- 
ing of the 2d of April that the regiment was called into serious 
conflict. At that time the Confederate lines had been pressed back 
to the Burgess Mill, near the junction of the Boydtown and White 
Oak roads, where were two earthwork forts with three guns. These 
forts the regiment charged and ca])turcd, with the guns and 150 
prisoners, some of the companies with the Seventh Michigan of the 
same brigade pursuing those who were attempting to escape from 
the works and bringing in a large number of other prisoners. The 
loss to the regiment during the affair did not exceed a half-dozen, 
principally wounded. The Boydtown road 'toward Petersburg was 
then followed for some distance, when the brigade turned from it 
to the left and that night bivouacked at Sunderland Station on the 
Soutliside railroad. 

Returning next morning nearly to Petersburg, the regiment was 
gratified by the intelligence that the city had fallen, and at once set 
out in pursuit of the retreating army. This pursuit was continued 
till tlie surrender, six days later, but during that time some severe 
engagements took })lace. The regiment was not actively engaged 
in any of these final struggles, but during the fight at Farmville on 
the 7th Captain Isaac H. Boyd, w^ho had been commissioned but not 
mustered as major, was mortally wounded while serving on the staif 
of the First Brigade, First Division. Two days later the Army of 
Northern Virginia surrendered, and on the 11th the Second Corps 
marched back to Burkesville, where it remained till the 2d of May. 
It then marched by way of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Vienna 
to Bailey's Cross Roads, where it went into camp on the loth. 
After taking part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac 
in Washington on the 23d, the regiment resumed camp life and 
waited for the special order which should end its existence as a 



310 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

military organization and allow its members to return once more to 
the pursuits of civil life. 

This order came on the 30th of June, when the command was mus- 
tered out of the United States service and departed at once for Bos- 
ton, reaching that city on the morning of July 3 and going into 
camp at Rcadville to await final payment and discharge. These came 
on the 20th, and the Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers became 
an organization of the past. The regiment had rendered valuable 
service in whatever situation it had been placed, having captured 
seven stands of colors and six pieces of artillery. 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 



TPIE Twentieth Regiment gathered atCampMassasoitinRead- 
villo, where ten skeleton companies were ordered by the gov- 
ernor early in July, 1861, the line officers being mustered on 
the 10th of that month, while the field and staff had been commis- 
sioned on the 1st. The filling of the companies went 'on slowly, 
however, and when in August the secretary of war called for all 
regiments and parts of regiments to be sent forward the command 
mustered scarcely half its maximum. It escorted the Eighteenth 
Regiment to the dej)ot when that organization left for the front, but 
itself remained in camp till the 4th of September to gather as many 
additional recruits as possible. It then, with less than 600 mem- 
bers, received the state and national colors, was armed with the 
Enlield ritie, and late in the afternoon took the cars for Providence, 
going by way of New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore and reaclv 
ing the capital early in the morning of September 7. The regi- 
mental band was to follow in a few days, and two officers were left 
behind to obtain recruits to bring the regiment up to the standard. 
The roster of officers : — 

Colonel, William Raymond Lee of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, 
Francis W. Palfrey; major, Paul J. Revere; surgeon, Henry Bryant, 
all of Boston; assistant surgeon, Nathan Hay ward of Roxbury; ad- 
jutant, Charles L. Peirson of Salem; cpiartermaster, Charles W. Fol- 
som of Cambridge; sergeant major. Sylvanus R. Harlow of Waltham; 
quartermaster sergeant, Henry F. Lander of New York; commissary 
sergeant, Edward Hennessey; hosi)ital steward, Josepli Hennard, both 
of ]3oston; leader of band, John F. Gibbs of Waterville, Me. 

Company A — Captain, Henry M. Tremlett of Dorchester; first lieu- 
tenant, Oliver W. Holmes. Jr., of Boston; second lieutenant, Charles 
A. Whittier of Bangor, ]\Ii'. 

Conii)any B — Captain, John Herchenroeder of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, John W. LelJarnes of Nantucket; second lieutenant, August 
MuUer of Dorchester. 

Company C — Captain, Ferdinand Dreher; first lieutenant, Alois 



312 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

Babo, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Eeinhold "Wesselhoeft of 
Dorchester. 

Company D — Ca]")tain, Caspar Crowninshield of Longwood ; first 
lieutenant, George B. Pen-y; second lieutenant, Xathaniel T. Messer, 
both of Boston. 

Company E — Captain, George A. Schmidt; first lieutenant, James J. 
Lowell; second lieutenant, William L. Putnam, all of Cambridge. 

Company F — Captain, Edward A. Walleston ; first lieutenant, 
Charles F. Cabot; second lieutenant, Charles 0. Day, all of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, Henry J. Sweeney; first lieutenant, Henry 
Capen; second lieutenant, William F. Milton, all of Boston. 

Company H — Captain, John C. Putnam of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, N. P. Hallo well of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Henry H. 
Sturgis of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, William F. Bartlett of Winthrop; first lieu- 
tenant, George N. Macy of Xantucket; second lieutenant, Henry L, 
Abbott of , Lowell. 

Company K — Captain, Allen Shepard; first lieutenant, Allen W. 
Beckwith; second lieutenant, Charles L. Tilden, Jr., all of Boston. 

On reaching- Washington the regiment went into Camp Kalorama 
on Meridian Hill, where it remained till the 10th of September, 
Colonel Lee in the mean time commanding a provisional brigade 
under General Burnside. Then the regiment changed its location 
to Camp Burnside, but two days later began a march northward 
which ended at evening of the 14th near Poolesville, where the 
Twentieth, with the Nineteenth Massachusetts, Seventh Michigan 
and the First Company of Andrew Sharpshooters formed General 
Lander's Brigade of General Stone's Corps of Observation. The 
encampment of the brigade, known as Camp Benton, was located 
about half way from Poolesville to Edwards Ferry, and the regi- 
ment remained there till the unfortunate battle of Ball's Bluff, with 
no more exciting event than picket duty and such occasional alarms as 
were inevitable with an active foe on the other side of the Potomac. 

On the afternoon of October 20 seven companies, numbering in 
all but about 300 men, commanded by Colonel Lee and Major 
Revere, marched to Edwards Ferry and then up the river to op- 
posite Harrison's Island, where the men slept on their arms till 
about midnight, when the command crossed to the island on flat- 
boats. Companies I and D crossed to the Virginia side in the 
early morning, to support the detachment of the Fifteenth Massa- 
chusetts already over the river, and after some fighting by these two 
companies the rest of Colonel Lee's command crossed, about noon 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMEXT. 313 

of the 21st. In the formation of the line of battle the Twentieth 
had the center, with two of its companies deployed on the Hanks as 
skirmishers. Three of the companies were at first in reserve, till 
the strength of the Confederate attack called them into action ; but 
the small Union force coukl not withstand the determined assaults 
of superior numbers and when the iiuht was wholly lost the broken 
fragments of the regiment did their best to escape capture. This 
many succeeded in doing, though some were drowned in the attempt 
to reach the island, including the two lieutenants of Company C, 
IJabo and Wesselhoeft. Colonel Lee, Major Revere, Adjutant Peir- 
s )n and Assistant Surgeon Edward H. R. Revere (who had been 
commissioned to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion of Sur- 
geon Bryant to be brigade surgeon and of Assistant Surgeon Hay- 
ward in course) were made prisoners, and the three former were 
held in captivity for many months. Lieutenant Putnam was killed, 
Captain Putnam lost an arm, and several other officers were wounded 
or taken prisoners. The entire loss of the regiment was 15 killed, 
44 wounded and 135 missing, — almost two-thirds of those engaged. 

Companies B and F, which were posted on picket below Edwards 
Ferry, hearing of the battle, hastened toward the scene, but only 
arrived in time to succor such of their wounded comrades as had 
been helped across the river. Next morning Lieutenant Colonel 
Palfrey, who had been left in charge of the camp, rallied Company 
K and every available man of the command and crossed the river 
at Edwards Ferry, with other troops, skirmishing with the Confede- 
rates that afternoon and the following day, recrossing to the Mary- 
land side during the night of the 23d without loss to the Twentieth, 
though the swollen condition of the river created apprehension that 
all the loyal troops on the Virginia side might be captured. The 
regiment was temporarily reorganized as a battalion of six com- 
])anies till reinforcements arrived from Massachusetts, when it was 
returned to its normal condition and remained at Camp Benton, 
on detail to picket the river from Edwards Ferry to Seneca Mills. 

During the winter General N. J. T. Dana, promoted from the 
colonelcy of the First Minnesota Regiment, took command of the 
brigade and General John Sedgwick of the division. The Twen- 
tieth Regiment remained under command of Lieutenant Colonel 
Palfrey. The winter camps w^ere broken on the 25th of February, 
18G2. the regiment making a temporary encampment near Poole s- 



314 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

ville which was named Camp Lee, in honor of its captive colonel, 
The spring campaign began on the 11th of March, when Dana's 
Brigade crossed the Potomac and advanced to Berryville, joining 
its division, which was moving forward to co-operate with the 
column under General Banks. The latter having occupied Win- 
chester, however, Sedgwick with his division was returned toward 
Harper's Ferry, halting at Bolivar, where the Twentieth were quar- 
tered in some deserted dwellings. The brigade was taken to Wash- 
ington on the 25th, two days later the regiment embarked on the 
transport Catskill, and landed at Hampton, Ya., on the 31st. For 
the purposes of the Peninsular campaign, Sedgwick's Division had 
been made part of the Second Corps, General E. V. Sumner com- 
manding. To the three regiments which had constituted the brigade 
the previous autumn, the Forty-second New York had been added, — 
the subsequent changes in the make-up of the brigade are noted in 
the sketch of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment. 

The march up the Peninsula began on the 5th of April for Sum- 
ner's Corps, which on the 7th joined the rest of the army before 
the fortifications in the vicinity of Yorktown. Two days later 
Dana's Brigade went on a reconnaissance to more accurately locate 
the works of the enemy, returning that night without casualty to 
the Twentieth. Some days later the corps was placed in position 
closer to the Confederate lines, near the center of the army. The 
entire ground occupied by McClellan's forces was known as Camp 
Winfield Scott ; but the particular portion of Camp Scott occupied 
by the Twentieth was located in a swamp, which was very unhealthy 
for the soldiers, while the vengeful picket firing from the opposing 
lines resulted in the wounding of a considerable number of the 
regiment, — among the rest Captain Bartlctt, second in command, 
who received a wound in the knee necessitating the amputation of 
the leg. In addition to the picket duty, large details wore con- 
stantly called for to construct fortifications, roads and other works, 
making the period a very trying one to officers and men. 

Just before the evacuation of Yorktown l)y the Confederates 
Colonel Lee and Major Revere returned from their captivity and the 
former resumed duty. From Yorktown the regiment embarked on 
the steamer Yanderbilt for West Point where it landed on the 7th 
of May and was in support during the action there, but suffered no 
li'ss. It vlicu marched across country from the York river to the 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 315 

left bank of the Chickahominy, near the Tyler mansion, where it en- 
camped till the opening of the battle of Fair Oaks on the 31st called 
a portion of Sumner's Corps across the Chickahominy. Sedgwick's 
Division alone succeeded in crossing that night, and but two regi- 
ments of Dana's Brigade — the Twentieth and the Seventh Michi- 
gan — were taken to the battle-field. Arriving on the double-cpiick, 
the Twentieth being the rear regiment of the column, the brigade 
was at first ordered to form a suj^port to the first line, which was 
actively engaged ; but before the disposition could be made it was 
found that the flank needed extension and the two regiments were 
moved up to prolong the line and at once advanced, driving back 
the enemy and holding the ground gained. The Twentieth took a 
considerable number of prisoners, mostly wounded, among them 
General Pettigrew. The loss of the regiment was two killed and 
18 wounded. In the fighting of the following day it took no part, 
.but after the close of the battle went on picket where it remained 
for almost two Aveeks, encamping afterward near Fair Oaks till the 
beginning of the movement to the James river. 

The regiment began this movement on the morning of the 29th 
of June, being called in from picket, and marching to Allen's Farm 
where it took position in a line of woods, remaining under fire for 
some hours, when the division was ordered forward to Savage's Sta- 
tion. During the battle at that place, which lasted during the after- 
noon and into the evening, the Twentieth were in support, and lost 
but six wounded. The enemy having been repulsed and forced 
back into the forest from which they had emerged, the retreat of 
the Federal column was continued under cover of darkness, and at 
daybreak the regiment halted at Nelson's Farm or Glendale, two 
or three miles beyond White Oak Swamp. About noon the battle 
at White Oak Swamp opened, and soon after General Dana with 
two brigades was ordered back to the assistance of General Frank- 
lin — his own brigade during the remaining operations of the day 
being under command of Colonel Lee and the Twentieth Regiment 
under Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey. Dana's troo[)s were not engaged 
at the Swamp, and were still lying there in support when the out- 
break of furious conflict at Glendale was heard, and the two bri- 
gades were summoned back at the double-quick. Colonel Lee on 
reaching the scene and finding -the Union forces being driven back 
led the three regiments under his command into the fight, placing 



316 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

them far in advance under a severe fire, where the Twentieth fought 
gallantly at great odds. The giving way of a regiment on its flank 
finally necessitated its falling back, which it did in good order, to 
a forest in its rear, where the line was maintained until dark, the 
Confederates having been effectually checked. In this engagement 
the loss of the Twentieth was serious, seven men being killed .and 
63 officers and men wounded. Of the injured, Colonel Lee was 
badly hurt by an artillery horse falling upon him, Lieutenant Colonel 
Palfrey was slightly wounded, and First Lieutenant James J. Lowell 
died of his wound in the hands of the enemy on the 6th of July. 

After dark the march toward the James river was resumed, Mal- 
vern Hill being reached and occupied by the Union army next morn- 
ing. In the battle which followed the regiment did not take active 
part, though under fire a portion of the time ; their loss being one 
killed and a few wounded. Very early in the morning of July 2 it 
marched to Harrison's Landing, where it remained till the IGth of 
August, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to Malvern 
Hill under direction of General Hooker on the 4th of that month. 
It then marched via Yorktown to Newport News, where it arrived 
on the 22d and three days after sailed aboard the steamer Atlantic 
for Alexandria. Arriving there on the 28th, it marched up the 
Potomac and crossed it to Tennallytown, where it made camp on 
the 30th ; but the next day was called back to the Virginia side 
by the disaster to General Pope's army at Manassas. Marching 
through the severe rain-storm to Fairfax Court House, it took posi- 
tion a few miles beyond, where during the following day it remained 
while the shattered battalions of the defeated army passed by toward 
Washington. Then the regiment with its brigade fell in as a rear 
guard, reaching the vicinity of Alexandria late at night. 

Having defeated General Pope's Army of Virginia, General Lee 
crossed the Potomac into Maryland. But General McClellan had 
been placed in command of the Union armies about Washington, 
and the Antietam campaign at once began. The Twentieth Regi- 
ment rested a single day at Alexandria ; then made a hot march of 
20 miles to Tennallytown, from which it moved on more moderately 
by way of Rockville, Frederick and Middletown to the Antietam 
battle-field. Its service in that conflict was brief but very sad. 
Sedgwick's Division was marched into action at the right in column 
of brigades at close distance, the Twentieth forming part of the 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 317 

second line. As the division moved forward in that helpless order 
the enemy appeared in strong force on the front, shortly afterward 
on the left, and in a moment as it seemed in the rear. The fine 
division, that properly handled was capable of such noble work, 
melted away before the murderous fire. The regiment faced by the 
rear rank, so that a part of the line could lire a few rounds, then 
the survivors hurried away by the Hank, having lost out of a total 
of some 400 taken into action 141 killed, Avounded or missing. 
Among the dead was Assistant vSurgeon Revere, Avith 14 enlisted 
men. Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey was badly wounded in the 
shoulder and did not again return to the regiment for duty. 

Later in the day the Twentieth were assigned a position on the 
right of Smith's Division of the Sixth Corps, but did not again en- 
gage in active combat. They remained in the vicinity of the battle- 
field till the 23d, then crossed the river at Harper's Ferry and took 
position at Bolivar Plights, where they encamped till the 30th of 
October, with the exception of a three-days' reconnaissance toward 
"Winchester about the middle of the month. Colonel Lee being for 
a time in command of the brigade, the regiment Avas commanded 
by Captain Dreher, Major Revere being absent on staff duty. The 
march Avhich began on the 30th came to a pause at Warrcnton, 
where General Burnside took command of the Army of the Po- 
tomac ; but it Avas resumed on the loth of November and three or 
four days later the regiment arriA-ed at Falmouth. It remained 
there in waiting till the night of the 10th of December, when it Avas 
withdraAvn from picket and next morning moved down to the river 
bank opposite Fredericksburg Avith its division. The attempts to 
construct a ponton bridge at that i)oint met with great opposition 
from the Confederate sharp-shooters in buildings on the other Ijank, 
and no means of dislodging them Avas devised till the middle of the 
afternoon, when Colonel Hall, the brigade commander, volunteered 
to send troops across in boats for that ])urpose. This Avas done, as 
a last resort, the Seventh Michigan and Nineteenth and TAventieth 
Massachusetts being taken across in that manner. 

The Confederates being driven from the immediate vicinity of 
the landing, it became necessary to clear the street beyond leading 
to the bridge head. While the other tAvo regiments advanced and 
deployed, the Twentieth, under command of Captain Macy, moved 
up the street in column of companies, meeting serious opposition 



318 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and suffering much from the fire of the enemy, sheltered in and 
behind the buildings on both sides of the street. But the regiment 
fought its way with unflinching determination till sunset, when the 
firing ceased, and the Second Corps crossed by the completed bridges 
and occupied the town. During the following day little movement 
occurred on the part of the soldiers already across the river, others 
being moved across and general preparations made for the battle. 
It was not till the afternoon of the 13th was somewhat advanced 
that the brigade was called to face the deadly works in the rear of 
the town. It then moved out from the city, formed line and ad- 
vanced. It received a terrible fire of artillery and musketry, and 
its supports failing to come up, it was obliged to fall back a short 
distance from the farthest point gained and take shelter behind a 
rise of ground, to avoid annihilation. This position was held till 
midnight, when the line was relieved by troops of the Fifth Corps, 
the regiment returning to the city, where it remained till the river 
was recrossed on the night of the loth. Its loss in the two engage- 
ments was considerably more than half the number taken into 
action, being 35 killed, 138 wounded and two missing. Of the killed 
25 fell the first day, while fighting their way through the streets. 
Captain Charles F. Cabot and Second Lieutenant Leander F. Alley 
of Nantucket were killed ; Captain Dreher and Second Lieutenant 
Robert S. Beck with of Boston were mortally wounded, the former 
dying the 1st of j\Iay following and the latter December 31. Only 
five officers were left unharmed. 

After the battle the old camp near Falmouth was reoccupied by 
the regiment till after the " Mud March," when on the 25th of Jan- 
uary, .1863, it moved into the village of Falmouth, occu})ying some 
deserted buildings as barracks, being engaged in provost duty and 
also furnishing details to picket the river bank. This routine was 
followed till the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. Im- 
portant changes in the field officers had meantime taken place. 
Colonel Lee resigned directly after the battle of Fredericksburg, 
and to the vacancy Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey was promoted. Cap- 
tain Dreher was commissioned major dating from September 5, 
1862, and lieutenant colonel from December 18, but was not mus- 
tered to those grades. Nor was Colonel Palfrey privileged to again 
lead his regiment to active dutyin the field — the terrible wound re- 
ceived ut Antietam made that an impossibility, and on the loth of 



THE TWENTIETH liEGIMENT. 319 

April he rcsiuncd. The roster of field ofiicers was not filled till 
sometime in May, Avhen Paul J. Revere, who as major had left the 
regiment early in September, 1862, for duty as assistant inspector 
general, returned with the rank of colonel and took command, his 
commission dating from the 14th of April. Major Macy was made 
lieutenant colonel and Captain Henry L. Abbott major, both from 
the 1st of May, 1863. 

i\Ieantime the battle of Chancellorsville had been fought, and the 
Twentieth Ecgiment, contrary to its usual experience, had talvcn but 
a secondary part. Its division, then commanded by General Gibbon, 
had been left near Fredericksburg, to co-operate with the Sixth 
Corps under Sedgwick ; had crossed to the city on the morning of 
the 3d of May, and maneuvered at the right, near the upper part of 
the town, while the hights were attacked and finally carried by 
Sedgwick's storming columns. While taking a position to which it 
was directed in the movements of the morning, the regiment was 
exposed to a sharp artillery fire, by which one man was killed and 
14 were wounded. After following the Sixth Corps to the hights, 
Hall's Brigade returned to the city and held it till the morning of 
the 5th, the rest of the division having returned to the Falmouth 
side. There was some skirmishing during the 4th, the Confederates 
having reoccupied the hights, but the brigade withdrew unmolested 
under cover of a fog next morning. Several weeks of inactivity 
followed, and on the 15th of June the corps began its movement 
northward, the regiment reaching Thorouglifare Gap on the 20tli 
and stopping there till the 25th. Then it withdrew while Confeder- 
ate shells saluted the rear of the column, crossed the Potomac next 
day at Edwards Ferry and encamped that night at Pctolcsville on 
ground familiar to the original members of the command. Frede- 
rick was reached on the 28th, and next day the regiment made its 
longest march during the campaign — over 30 miles. Night of the 
1st of July brought the Second Corps to the field of Gettysburg as 
a reserve, and next morning it was jiiaced in line of battle, the 
position of the Twentieth being in the second line near the left of 
the corps, about half way from the Cemetery to the Round Tops. 

The regiment was not engaged that afternoon, the fire of the first 
line checldng the advance of the Confederates after thry had driven 
back the Third Corps, whose right at the beginning of the attack 
had been nearly in front of the Twentieth. A rise of the ground 



320 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

protected the regiment considerably; yet it suffered some loss, hav- 
ing four killed and a number wounded — among the latter being the 
beloved Colonel Revere, who died of his injuries on the 5th. The 
regiment occupied the same position during the early part of the 
following day, and the swell of ground partially sheltered it from 
the heavy artillery fire which preceded the advance of the Con- 
federates under General Pickett. As the charging line came near 
the Twentieth delivered some well-directed volleys which did much 
to clear the ground in their front, but just to the right the masses 
of the enemy struck and broke into the Union line. The regiment 
hurried to the spot and took an important part in the contest wliich 
raged so violently for a short time, till the hostile line was broken 
and repulsed. The deadly nature of the contest is sufficiently evi- 
denced by the fact that the Twentieth, out of 230 taken into action, 
lost 111, of whom 32 were killed or died during the day, including 
First Lieutenant Henry Ropes and Second Lieutenant Sumner Paine, 
both of Boston. Lieutenant Colonel Macy received a wound neces- 
sitating the amputation of his hand. Three officers only escaped 
unhurt. As a result of the death of Colonel Revere, Lieutenant 
Colonel Macy was promoted to the colonelcy. 

The regiment left Gettysburg on the 5th, with its corps, march- 
ing by way of South Mountain, Frederick and the Antietam battle- 
field to the vicinity of Williamsport, where the two armies maneu- 
vered for a few days till the morning of the 14th showed the Con- 
federates once more across the Potomac, and after following them 
to the margin of the river the Union army turned its steps toward 
Harper's Ferry. The Twentieth encamped in Pleasant Valley on 
the 15th, And rested there till the morning of the 18th, when it 
crossed the river and made its way southward along the eastern 
side of the Bhie Ridge, halting on the 26th near Warrenton Junc- 
tion. Four days later it moved with its corps some ten miles to the 
south, near j\Iorrisvillo, where a more permanent camp was estab- 
lished, being occupied with but a brief absence on reconnaissance 
till the 12th of September. During that time the numbers of the 
I'egiment were largely swelled by the arrival of 183 substitutes, many 
of whom, notwithstanding the fact that they were regarded with 
distrust by some of the veterans, proved excellent soldiers. 

The movement which ensued was across the Rap])ahannock, and 
after spending some days near Culpeper the Second Corps moved 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 321 

forward to the Rapidan, where the regiment was engaged for some 
time in picketing the river. During this time it lost one of its most 
efficient line olhcers 1)7 the murder in camp by some unknown per- 
son of Captain Thomas M. McKay of Boston, on the 6th of October. 
Tliere was during this time much picket firing across the river, and 
several in the regiment were wounded. Being relieved on the 6th, 
the Second Corps fell back to Culpeper, but had been there only 
three or four days when it was found that Lee's army was attempt- 
ing to pass around the flank of the Union army to the northward. 
Then followed that series of maneuverings" which a few days later 
brought the two commands back to the vicinity of the Bull Run 
battle-fields. The movement was a strange one, the hostile columns 
almost mingling during some portions of the march, the most 
serious encounter occurring at Bristoe's Station on the 14th. At 
that point the Twentieth Regiment was one of those which threw 
themselves behind the railroad embankment and by a terrible fire 
at close quarters drove the attacking Confederates back with heavy 
loss ; the casualties in the regiment being but one man killed and 
six Avoundcd. Major Abbott was still in command, but a few days 
later Colonel Macy returned to duty. 

In a few days the movement was again southward, and on the 
23d the regiment encamped near Warrenton, stopping there for 
two weeks. It then crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and 
encamped near Brandy Station, from which it set out on the 26th 
of November for the Mine Run campaign. In the skirmishing of 
the two or three days following the Twentieth did some brilliant 
work, having a number of men wounded, but none killed. The 
proposed l)attle Avas not fought, and after facing the Confederates 
in their strong position for two or three days of intensely cold 
weather, the Union army was withdrawn on the night of the 1st of 
December and made its way back to the old camps near Brandy 
Station. The Twentieth crossed the Rapidan at Gcrmania Ford 
on the morning of the 2d and that night were " at home" on the 
banks of Mountain Run. Two or three days later the regiment 
moved a few miles to Stevensburg and erected its winter huts, re- 
maining there till the opening of the spring campaign of 1864, with 
the exception of one absence of two or three days on a reconnais- 
sance. During this time 173 of the original members whose period 
of service was approaching its end re-enlisted for an additional term 



522 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

of three years, and the return of convalescents and the addition of 
recruits brought tlie number present for duty at the opening of the 
campaign up to 25 othcers and 563 enlisted men. During most of 
the winter Major Abbott had been in command of the regiment, but 
Colonel Macy rejoined it before the battle of the Wilderness. 

The regiment broke camp on the night of May 3, and the follow- 
ing day marched to the Rapidan and crossed it at Ely's Ford. The 
next day's march brought it to the battle-field of the Wilderness, 
but it was not till the forenoon of the 6th that with its brigade it 
became engaged on the Plank road. The brigade had been sent out 
to the support of other troops, supposed to be in that vicinity, but 
suddenly encountered the enemy in force in the dense forest. The 
Twentieth fought for some three hours, when the giving way of 
troops on the flank forced them to retire some distance, where the 
line was reformed. The loss had been heavy, and cannot be ex- 
actly stated, owing to the subsequent loss of the papers of the regi- 
ment, but it is believed that 30 were killed or died of their wounds 
during the day, among the number being Major Abbott, a Ijrave 
and accomplished officer. Seven officers were wounded, including 
Colonel Macy and Adjutant Henry W. Bond of West Roxbury — 
the latter being murdered by guerrillas in an ambulance on the 
14th, while on his way to Belle Plain. Captain Arthur R. Curtis 
took command of the regiment as the senior officer left for duty. 
The following day was passed without conflict, and the 8tli was 
occupied in the movement to the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court 
House, where the next great struggle had already begun. The 
river Po was crossed the following afternoon, and during the fore- 
noon of the lOth two companies were sent to dislodge a force of 
the enemy at a bend of the river, which was accomplished, though 
in doing it First Lieutenant Edward Sturgis, commanding Com- 
pany A^ was killed. Soon after the regiment moved to the left and 
took part in an unsuccessful charge on the enemy's works, in which 
First Lieutenant Lansing E. Hibbard of Pittsfield was killed. A 
few enlisted men were killed and a proportionally large number 
wounded in these encounters. 

The 11th was spent in the erection of earthworks, and following 
a day of labor came a night of marching and maneuvering, in 
preparation for the grand assault on the enemy's lines made by 
Hancock's Corps on the morning of the 12th. In that the regi- 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 323 

merit took an active part, capturing three pieces of artillery and work- 
iii<;-them for some time against the Confederates, suffering" a loss of 
about 20 in wounded and missing, while four were killed. The com- 
mand participated next day in another attack, farther to the left, 
which did not meet the success of the effort of the 12tli. One man 
in the regiment was killed and a number were wounded and missing. 
Another attack was made on the morning of the 18th, but it re- 
sulted only in severe loss to the troops engaged. Captain Curtis, 
commanding the Twentieth, was badly wounded, and Captain Kelli- 
her was terribly mutilated, having his right arm, collar bone and 
shoulder blade torn off, his jaw broken and his side lacerated, with 
severe injury to two ribs, yet recovering and rejoining his regiment in 
the field before the termination of the Avar. Captain Henry L. Patten 
of Cambridge took command after the disabling of Captain Curtis. 

The army remained before Spottsylvania three days longer, when 
the movement by the left flank was resumed, bringing the Armv of 
the Potomac to the North Anna on the 23d. The enemy were 
already there. The regiment crossed the river at Jericho Ford next 
day and assisted in driving the Confederates from their works, suf- 
fering a considerable loss in killed, wounded and missing. The 
position was held till the 27th, when the troops withdrew to the left 
bank and again marched southward. The Pamunkey was reached 
and crossed near Newcastle on the 28th, line of battle being formed 
just beyond, and from that time the movements of the corps were 
a series of maneuvers, skirmishes and more determined engage- 
ments, accompanied by continual loss. Cold Harbor was reached 
on the morning of the 2d of June, and the regiment took part in 
the battle of the next day, meeting the fate of all organizations 
sharing in that disastrous engagement — reaching a position close to 
the enemy's works, at a heavy cost of killed and wounded, but gain- 
ing no compensating advantage. It remained there, engaged in 
siege operations and exposed to the constant lire of the enemy's 
sharpshooters till the 12th, its total losses at Cold Harbor being 
seven men killed and over 30 wounded. These continual losses had 
worn the command down to a fraction of the strong battalion which 
had started on the campaign little more than a month before. 

The regiment left the works before Cold Harbor on the 12th, 
crossed the Chickahominy on the 13th, the James at Windmill 
Point the 14th, and moved thence toward Petersburg. It reached 



324 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the lines in front of the city on the night of the 15th, relieving 
other troops and taking part in the fighting of the next few days ; but 
the loss sustained in the various encounters cannot be stated. It 
rendered a signal service to its division on the 22d, when the at- 
tempt to extend the lines to the left exposed the flank of the Second 
Corps, which the enemy promptly assailed, capturing and scattering 
regiment after regiment till the Twentieth were reached, when a 
change of front and a few of those efficient volleys which they 
knew so w^ell how to deliver stayed the Confederate triumph 
and enabled the corps to regain the lost ground. During this en- 
counter and the next two days the regiment lost about 20, six of 
whom were killed. It then moved to the rear some two miles and 
for a few weeks enjoyed comparative rest, though frequently chang- 
ing camp and still sharing the routine of the siege. 

On the 18th of July those of the original members whose term 
of enlistment was about to expire — 21 in all — left the trenches and 
set out for Boston to be mustered out of service. The remainder 
were consolidated to seven companies and the veterans and recruits 
of the Fifteenth Massachusetts formed into a battalion of three 
companies completed the regimental organization. The James river 
was crossed to Deep Bottom on the 26th, the regiment remaining 
there for four days, when it returned to the former location, having 
lost one lieutenant and 32 enlisted men captured from the picket 
line. Captain Patten was still in command of the regiment, having 
been commissioned major to date from the 20tli of June ; Captain 
Curtis, absent wounded, had been advanced to lieutenant colonel 
June 20, his commission as major dating from the 7th of May. 

Another movement beyond the James occurred August 12, the 
regiment going l)y transports and debarking on the 14th. Various 
maneuvers followed, an unsuccessful attack being made on the Con- 
federate position, succeeded by skirmishing and picket duty, in which 
the regiment lost more than 30 men in wounded and missing, one 
being killed. Captain Patten received a wound by which he lost a 
leg and died from its effects on the 10th of Sei)tember. The regi- 
ment returned to its camp on the 20th of August, and three days 
later marched with its corps to Reams Station where on the 25tli it 
had the misfortune to be captured almost entire by a successful 
flanking movement on the part of the enemy. Only about ten men 
escaped, but the arrival of convalescents, detailed men and others 



THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 325 

in a few weeks brought the total strength up to 70, a company 
organization being formed of which Captain Magnitskoy took com- 
mand September 11, on his return from escorting the detachment 
to Massachusetts. A few days later others having come in from 
hospital, three companies were organized, and the battalion served 
in various forts till late in October, having during the time a num- 
ber killed and wounded. On the 24th of that month it joined in 
the movement to Hatcher's Run, taking part in the action there on 
the 27th, penetrating to the Boydtown road where being in advance 
it was deployed and attacked the rebels, losing nearly a dozen in 
wounded and missing and retiring during the night. Captain Albert 
B. Holmes of Nantucket returned to duty on the 31st and took com- 
mand, the regiment on the same day being stationed in Battery XI, 
in the front line of works, where it remained four weeks, being re- 
lieved on the 29th of Xoveml)er, having during the time lost ten in 
killed and wounded. A few days before Captain Kellilier, whose 
terrible wound at Spottsylvania has been referred to, returned to 
the regiment and took command, being promoted to major. With 
the close of November, the Twentieth moved to the left of the Union 
lines, changed location several times, and finally built their winter 
quarters near Fort Emory. 

Lieutenant Colonel Curtis returned to the regiment on the 12th 
of January, 18G5, and on the 5th of February it participated in the 
movement across Hatcher's Run, befng on the skirmish line during 
the fighting of that day, and remaining in the vicinity during 
the succeeding days on which the enemy strove to prevent this ex- 
tension of the Federal lines. Its loss was but one killed, six 
wounded and five captured. All suffered severely, however, from 
the inclement weather. The Confederates submitting to the inevi- 
table and withdrawing from the contest, the ground gained was in- 
trenched and the camps of the Second Corps were pitched in that 
region. Then the usual routine went on till near the close of March. 
The regiment turned out on the 25th of that month when the enemy 
captured Fort Stedman, but after marching some distance found that 
its services were not required and at night returned to camp. 

Three days afterward orders came to prepare for the final cam- 
paign, and on the morning of the 29th the command broke camp, 
marching by the Yaughan road across Hatcher's Run. It was one 
of the fortunes of war that this veteran regiment, which for three 



326 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

years and a half had borne the brunt of almost every conflict in 
which the Army of the Potomac had engaged, should during the 
final struggle escape without a casualty. It took part in all the 
movements of its corps, joined in the advance against the enemy's 
works on the morning of A})ril 2, entering them without opposition, 
and thence marching tovfard Petersburg, halting at night within 
three miles of the city. Next day it moved to Sunderland Station 
on the Southside railroad, and afterward followed in the pursuit of 
the Southern army. After the surrender, on the 9th, the regiment 
remained in the vicinity of Appomattox Court House till the 11th, 
when it marched to Burke's Station and rested there till the 2d of 
May. It then marched to Richmond, reaching the late Confederate 
capital on the 5th and being reviewed there on the 6th ; the weary 
battalion passed through Fredericksburg on the 10th, and three 
days later halted within the defenses of Washington — defenses that 
were no longer needed, for there was no hostile army in the held. 
The few remaining events of note in the history of the regiment 
transpired at what seemed long intervals, for the soldiers who had 
so faithfully performed their duties were impatient to return to 
home and civil life. The great review in Washington occurred on 
the 23d, and Lieutenant Colonel Curtis resigned on the 29th. The 
veterans and re-enlisted men of the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts 
joined the Twentieth June 22. They numbered, present and absent, 
223, including five officers ; Lieutenant Colonel Lincoln of the 
Thirty-seventh being the senior officer took command of the con- 
solidated forces. Orders for making the final rolls were received 
earlv in July, and on the 15th of that month the organization was 
mustered out of the national service. It left for Massachusetts on 
the 17th reaching camp at Readville on the 20th. Eight days later 
its members were paid and discharged. 

The roster of the Twentieth bears the names of 3,230 members, 
including re-enlistments, promotions, the detachments from other 
regiments which were incorporated with it near the close of its ser- 
vice, and the 500 or so unassigncd recruits, very few of whom ever 
joined the command. Of this number 50 died in Confederate pris- 
ons, and 533 are unaccounted for on the records of the adjutant 
general's office. The regiment was exceptional in the number of 
general officers which it gave to the service, no less than 11 attain- 
ing the brevet rank of brigadier general or higher grade. 



THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-first Regiment began to gather on the Agricult- 
ural Grounds at Worcester, then named Camp Lincoln, in 
honor of ex-Governor Levi Lincoln, in July, 1861, Companies 
A, F and G arriving on the 19th and four or five others having been 
filled by the close of the month. The majority of the regiment 
were Worcester county men, though Hampden, Hampshire and 
Franklin counties were represented, with a few from other sections. 
The camp was under command of Major General Augustus Morse 
of the state militia. The men were mustered into the United States 
service from the 16th to the 23d of August by Captain Goodhue of 
the Eleventh Regulars, and the commissions of most of the officers 
bore date of the 21st. The roster was as follows : — 

Colonel, Augustus Morse of Leominster; lieutenant colonel, Alberto 
Maggi of New Bedford; major, William S. Clark of Amherst; sur- 
geon, Calvin Cutter of Warren; assistant surgeons, James Oliver of 
Athol and Orin Warren of West Newbury; chaplain, George 8. Ball 
of Upton (from November 11); adjutant, Tlieron E. Hall of Ilolden; 
quartermaster, George F. Thompson of Worcester; sergeant major, 
AVilliani H. Valentine of Worcester; quartermaster sergeant, Harrison 
A. Royce of Newton; commissary sergeant, William E. Richardson of 
Boston; hospital steward, James S. Green of Fitchburg ; principal 
musician, John L, Cook of Worcester ; leader of brass-band, Reuben 
K. Waters of Webster. 

Company A — Captain, George P. Hawkes; first lieutenant, Charles 
AV. Davis; second lieutenant, Joliii Brooks, Jr., all of Tcm])lcton. 

Company B — Captain, Charles F. Walcott of Boston: first lieuten- 
ant, Wells Willard; second lieutenant, James W. Hopkins, both of 
Springfield. 

Company C — Captain, James M. Richardson of Hubbardston; first 
lieutenant, William T. Harlow of Spencer; second lieutenant, Ira J. 
Kelton of Holden. 

Company D — Caj)tain, Theodore S. Foster; first lieutenant, Charles 
Barker; second lieutenant, Eben T. Hey wood, all of Fitchburg. 

Company E — Captain, Pelliam Bradford of West Boylston; first 



328 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

lieutenant. Solomon Hovey, Jr., of Boston; second lieutenant, Wood- 
bury Whittemore of Lancaster. 

Company F — Captain, B. Frank Rogers of Worcester; first lieuten- 
ant, Charfes K., Stoddard of Upton; second lieutenant, Samuel 0. 
Laforest of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, Addison A. Walker; first lieutenant, Alonzo 
P. Davis; second lieutenant, Samuel A. Taylor, all of Ashburnham. 

Company H — Captain, Joseph P. Eice of Ashl)urnham; first lieu- 
tenant, John D. Frazer of Holyoke; second lieutenant, Solomon C. 
Shumway of Belchertown. 

Company I — Captain, Henry H. Richardson of Pittsfield; first lieu- 
tenant, Frazar A. Stearns of Amherst; second lieutenant, Joel W. 
Fletcher of Leominster. 

Company K — Captain, Thomas S. Washburn of Worcester ; first 
lieutenant, Matthew M. Parkhurst ; second lieutenant, John B. 
Williams, both of Barre. 

Marching orders came on the morning of the 23d of August ; the 
men were armed with smooth-bore muskets changed from flint to 
percussion locks, and marched to Worcester, where Hon. Alexander 
H. Bullock in behalf of the ladies of the city presented a fine 
national flag. Cars were taken to Norwich that afternoon, a night 
ride on the steamer landed the regiment at Jersey City next morn- 
ing, and the journey by rail was resumed, reaching the abundant 
hospitality of the Philadelphia Cooper Shop in the evening. Balti- 
more was reached Sunday forenoon, and after reporting to General 
Dix, waiting for several hours on the street, the Twenty-first were 
informed that they would remain at Baltimore for a time ; they ac- 
cordingly marched through the city to Patterson Park, receiving 
neither insult nor welcome from the curious crowds Avhich lined the 
way. In the dusty inelosure, which was christened Camp Lincoln, 
in honor of the President, the command remained three days, when 
it was ordered to Annapolis, which was reached on the morning of 
the 30th, six companies garrisoning the Naval School at that place 
while four companies remained at Annapolis Junction to picket the 
railroad. Lieutenant Colonel Maggi, on joining the regiment early 
in September, took command of the latter detachment, the com- 
panies being changed from tiuie to time. 

A second muster was had September 17, on account of some in- 
formality in the ])rcvious one, and from that time till the middle of 
December the regiment remained on duty with no cxi)eriences more 
startling than an occasional night alarm such as new troops very 
often indulged in. A sad event was the shooting of Lieutenant 



TEE TWEXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 329 

Charles K. Stoddard by a picket on the night of September 30, 
Corporal 'llayden having met his death in a similar manner a few 
days before, both occurring through the misunderstanding of one 
or both parties as to the duties of the sentries. On the 20th of De- 
cember it was settled that the regiment was to form part of the 
Burnside expedition, and the fact gave much satisfaction, as the 
men had been disappointed that through some misunderstanding it 
had not taken part in the Sherman expedition to the South Carolina 
coast sumo time previous. At the making up of the brigades for 
Burnside's command, the Twenty-first was the first regiment selected 
by General Bono, its associates being the Fifty-first New York, 
Fifty-first Pennsylvania and Ninth New Jersey. 

At this time Lieutenant Colonel Maggi took command of the 
regiment. Colonel Morse remaining in charge of the post at An- 
napolis, a position more to his taste. The worthless weapons of 
the men were discarded on the 21st, the right and left companies 
being armed with Harper's Ferry rifles with saber bayonets and the 
balance of the command with Enfield rifles. The regiment went 
aboard the transport Northerner on the afternoon of January G, 
1862, and sailed on the 9th, the head-quarters of General Reno being 
on the same vessel. Fortress Monroe was reached at evening of 
the 10th, and after stopping a day the flotilla set forth for Hatteras 
Inlet on the North Carolina coast, when the destination of the ex- 
pedition for the first time became known. The entrance to the In- 
let was reached at evening of the 12th, but owing to a storm it was 
not till the following day that a passage was effected and the steamer 
anchored off Forts Hatteras and Clark, which had been captured by 
the Federal gun-boats some months before. That night a severe 
storm set in, which continued with little interruption for two weeks, 
during much of which time the Northerner was aground and nar- 
rowly escaped destruction, the men being repeatedly shifted to other 
craft in the effort to float the vessel, and suffering from want of 
proper food and the natural discomforts of the situation. Finally 
on the 5th of February the flotilla was in sailing condition and 
moved up Pamlico Sound to within a few miles of Roanoke Island, 
where it lay till the morning of the Tth in a heavy fog. The mili- 
tary force of the expedition was known as the Coast Division of 
the Army of the Potomac, was commanded by General Burnside 
and consisted of three brigades, of which General Reno commanded 



330 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the Second, the First and Third being respectively under Generals 
John G. Foster and John G. Parke. 

Most of the 7th was occupied by a sharp engagement between 
the Union and the Confederate gun-boats, the latter assisted by the 
fire of Fort Bartow on the island, but late in the afternoon when 
the fire of the latter had been silenced the division was transferred 
to lighter draught boats and landed at a convenient point without 
opposition. The Twenty-first were selected for skirmishers and 
faithfully picketed the ground during the night, losing one man 
wounded as they deployed. Soon after the opening of the engage- 
ment next morning the regiment went forward and worked its way 
through the deep swamp on the left of the road leading to the 
hostile fort which was the object of attack. The two flank com- 
panies, G and D, accompanied by General Reno and Colonel Maggi, 
advanced in line of battle, pushing l)ack the enemy gradually while 
the main part of the regiment followed by the flank owing to the 
nature of the ground. On firmer ground being reached line of 
battle was formed and the entire regiment charged and drove the 
Confederates from the fort, planting the regimental state flag first 
upon the rebel works. The regiment joined in the pursuit till the 
surrender of the enemy, and then assisted in preventing the escape 
of the southerners from the island. 

The loss of the command was 13 killed or fatally hurt and 44 
others wounded, among the latter being Captain Foster, whose leg 
was badly shattered, and Acting Adjutant Stearns. The flag of the 
battery which had been captured by the charge of the Twenty-first 
was sent to Boston and placed on exhibition at the State House. 
That night the regiment passed in the comfortable new barracks 
recently completed by the Confederates, and nearly a month was 
spent on the island. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Maggi 
resigned, Major Clark was promoted to the vacancy from February 
28 and took command. Captain Joseph P. Rice being made major. 

The regiment again embarked on the Northerner March 4, lying 
at anchor till the 11th, when it sailed to Hattorns Inlet and the fol- 
lowing day ascended the Neuse river, anchoring at the mouth of 
Slocum's Creek, 16 miles below Newbern. Disembarking the next 
morning at 9 o'clock the column advanced some ten miles, passing 
on the way many deserted fortifications and other evidences of recent 
Confederate occupation, but meeting no resistance. The day, as 



THE TWENTY-FIRST REGUIENT. 331 

well as the following, was rainy and foggy, making the movements 
of the soldiers very difficult. On the morning of the 14th the regi- 
ment with Company G as advance guard led the brigade through 
the thick woods on the left of the railroad. Encountering the 
enemy's intrenchments, some four miles below Newbern, Lieutenant 
Colonel Clark with four companies of his right wing was ordered 
to charge across the railroad and occupy a Inick-yard, which he did 
with severe loss, driving out the foe, after which he charged u]ton a 
battery and captured one gun, when a counter-charge Ijy three North 
Carolina regiments forced the brave battalion to make the best of 
its way out. It then rejoined the left wing, which was fighting 
steadily in front of the redans to the left, and was in time to share 
in the general advance at the giving way of the Confederate lines. 

The loss of the Twenty-first in the battle of Newbern was 19 
killed and 39 wounded, four of the latter dying soon after. Ad- 
jutant Stearns was among the killed and was one of the first to fall. 
The bi-ass gun which had been captured l)y Colonel Clark's detach- 
ment was afterward suital)ly engraved and sent to Amherst College 
to be preserved as a memorial of him and of the other members of 
the regiment who were killed in the battle. While the rest of the 
army followed up the retiring enemy the Twenty -first were left in 
charge of the battle-field, but on the 19th they rejoined the brigade 
and took possession of a former Confederate camp near Newbern, 
which Avas renamed Camp Andrew. This camp, despite all possible 
sanitary measures, proved ver}' unhealthy, and the regiment suffered 
much from fevers. On the 24th Miss Carrie E. Cutter, daughter of 
the surgeon, who from her devotion to the sick and wounded had 
been called " the Florence Nightingale of the regiment," died on 
board the Northerner, to the great grief of the command. Second 
Lieutenant Charles Coolidge of Sterling also died of fever on the 31st. 

During April an expedition was planned threatening Norfolk, and 
the Twenty-first were selected as a part of the force. With the 
Fifty-first Pennsylvania, the regiment embarked on the Northerner 
April 17, and sailing up Pamlico Sound the command was joined 
at Roanoke Island by three regiments under Colonel Hawkins of 
the Ninth New York, the whole commanded by General Reno. 
Sailing up the Pasquotank river the force debarked three miles be- 
low Elizabeth City during the forenoon of the 10th. Hawkins's 
Brigade had some hours the start, but 12 miles out they were over- 



332 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

taken. The Fifty-first and Twentv-first then took the lead ; four 
miles further on they were fired upon by artillery before the pres- 
ence of the foe was suspected, and found a Confederate force of some 
2,000 men with 14 guns strongly posted. The two Union regiments 
made a detour to the right, the Twenty-first getting a favorable 
position in the rear of the artillery and driving back the opposing 
skirmishers. An advance was made as soon as the other regiments 
were in position and the foe was driven from the field, but no at- 
tempt at pursuit was made. 

After dark the Union column began to retrace its steps, such of 
the wounded as could not bear transportation being left at a house 
in the vicinity under the care of Assistant Surgeon Warren. These 
were well treated by the Confederates and as soon as they recovered 
sufficiently were sent into the Union lines on parole. The return 
march was very difficult, the mud being deep and the men exhausted, 
but within 24 hours after leaving them the transports were regained, 
the command having marched from 35 to 45 miles, besides fighting 
a battle and. winning a victory. The loss of the Twenty-first had 
been four killed, 11 wounded and one missing. Camp was reached 
on the afternoon of the 22d. 

A reorganization of the troops took place on the 25th of April, 
when the Twenty-first became a part of the Second Brigade of 
Reno's Division, its fellow-regiments being the two Fifty-firsts and 
the Eleventh Connecticut, Colonel Ferrero of the Fifty-first New 
York commanding. Twenty-three recruits from Massachusetts 
were received on the 7th of May. The monotony of camp life 
was broken on the ITth, when the regiment was sent out' be- 
fore daylight to assist the Second Maryland, which had been cut 
off from camp and was in danger of capture. The Twenty-first 
marched rapidly for 11 miles through the rain and mud, when the 
Confederates retired and the half-famished Marylanders were greeted 
by their deliverers with a hot breakfast and escorted back to camp 
in trium])h. On the 15th of May Colonel Morse left the service and 
in due time Lieutenant Colonel Clark was promoted to colonel, 
Major Rice to lieutenant colonel and Captain Foster to major, — but 
the latter, disabled by his wound, did not join the regiment. 

Rumors and orders for moving came toward the close of June, 
and on the 2d of July the regiment took transports, in common 
with other troops, and at evening of the 8d reached Hatteras Inlet, 



THE TWENTY-FIRST liEGIMENT. 333 

where tidings were received which caused a return to Newborn dur- 
ing the 4th. That night was passed on the transport and the fol- 
lowing on shore in the old cami)s, when the command rc-cmbarked 
and steamed to Newport News, where it debarked and encamped. 
Other troops rapidly gathered there, General Parke coming from 
North Carolina and (General Stevens from South Carolina with de- 
tachments, and on the 22d of July the Ninth Army Corps was 
organized. Colonel Ferrero's command, consisting of the Twenty- 
first and the two Fifty-first Regiments became the Second Brigade 
of the Second (Reno's) Division. This division, followed by the 
First under General Stevens, Avas sent to the assistance of General 
Pope, going by steamer on the 2d of August to Acquia Creek, where 
on the 4th cars were taken for Fredericksburg. The division re- 
lieved General King's Division of the Third Corps, the Twenty-first 
going into camp about a mile from the city and remaining till the 
12th, when it was ordered to reinforce General Pope on the Rai»idan. 

Marching to Bealton, the regiment took cars on the 14th, rode to 
Culpcpcr Court House and camped for the night. The next day an 
advance was made to the vicinity of Raccoon Ford on the Rapidaii, 
where the regimental brass-band Avas mustered out. On the night 
of the 18th Pope began to withdraw, Reno's Division which formed 
the rear guard not getting under way till nearly daybreak. It 
marched till late the following afternoon, when the Rappahannock 
was crossed at Kelly's Ford, the Army of Virginia taking position 
on the north bank and intrenching with outposts on the other side 
of the river, where skirmishing was of daily occurrence. 

The regiment left Kelly's Ford on the morning of the 22d and 
moved up the river to Rappahannock Station, where there had been 
lighting across the river, while Jackson's force was reported to be 
crossing at the fords above, and the column moved forward spas- 
modically till on the 24th the regiment reached Sul])hur SjjriiigS; 
where a portion of Ewell's Division had crossed, made a little light 
with Sigel's troops and retreated, burning the bridge behind them. 
Next day the Twenty-first marched in the morning to Warivnton 
and formed line of battle, expecting an attack from Jackson's 
troo|)s, known to be across the river ; but none came, for that 
shrewd chieftain was marching rapidly northward, to the rear of 
the Union army. At evening the regiment started for Warrenton 
Junction, which was reached at midniu-ht ; on the morning of the 



334 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

27th started back toward Warrenton, but after marching a few 
miles returned to the Junction and moved northward to Greenwich. 
The next forenoon it marched eastward to ]V[anassas and on toward 
Bull Run, which was crossed on the morning of the 29th, and 
through Centerville the command pressed toward the battle-field. 

Soon after noon the brigade took })osition near the center of the 
Union lines, and was soon placed in support of 20 pieces of artillery. 
Near sunset, after having witnessed two similar charges by mere 
handfuls of Union troops against the Confederate position, it was 
ordered to attack, unsupported, and had nearly reached the edge of 
the fatal woods when General Reno ordered a halt and made a pro- 
test to General Pope, as a result of which the brigade was with- 
drawn and rested on its arms during the night. The command, 
though sometimes under fire the day following, was not engaged 
till near night, when the Union army was mostly in retreat. Then 
under the direction of the gallant Reno it was moved by the left 
flank a half-mile to the Henry House Hill, covering the turnpike 
across Young's Branch and Bull Run, where the three regiments 
with Captain Graham's Battery took positon. The enemy soon came 
on in strong force, but the sharp fire of the artillery and infantry 
drove them back with heavy loss. Half an hour later a sudden at- 
tack was made on the Fifty-first New York, but the Twenty -first 
changed front to its assistance and the enemy was again repulsed. 

The Union army was now falling back, General Reno being as- 
signed to cover the rear, and when the way was clear his command, 
including the Twenty-first, withdrew across the Run, where line of 
battle was formed ; but the enemy showed no disposition to follow 
— did not in fact know of the retreat of Pope's forces till next 
morning — and later in the evening Ferrcro's Brigade continued on 
to Centerville. The loss of the regiment during the day had been 
slight, being but seven wounded and Surgeon Cutter taken prisoner 
while as division medical officer accompanying the First Brigade on 
a charge. Assistant Surgeon James Oliver was also left behind to 
care for the wounded lying on the field when ilie regiment fell 
back. Both of these officers rejoined the command in a few days. 

But if the Twenty -first Regiment had escaped lightly at the 
Second Hull Run Ijattle, it was to have the most terrible experience 
in its history two days later at the battle of Chantilly. On the 
morning of the 1st of September the brigade moved about a mile 



THE TWENTY-FIBST BEGIMENT. 335 

and pitched its camp in a fine locality, but at 2 o'clock it was oi'- 
dcred to march and took the road toward Fairfax Court House, 
soon approaching the scene of conflict, as was indicated by the fir- 
ing in advance. About 5 o'clock the regiment in line of battle en- 
tered a thick piece of woods, a sudden storm raging with great 
severity. While still pressing forward, the line much disorganized 
by the darkness and difficulties of the forest, troops were observed 
in front, but Averc supposed to be the Fifty-first New York, which 
had entered in advance of the Twenty-first, till a murderous volley 
at short range was i)Oured in from front and flank. The loss of the 
regiment was terrible, but the men fought as best they could till the 
soaking rain rendered the guns on both sides useless when Colonel 
Clark gave the order to retire. 

As the shattered regiment came out of the woods it was met by 
General Kearny and ordered through a large corn-field to extend 
the line of Birney's Brigade, which was engaged a quarter of a mile 
distant, the position only indicated by the flashes of the muskets. 
The Twenty-first moved slowly in memory of their recent exi)eri- 
encc and as most of their rifles were useless, entering the field 
with Company G deployed as skirmishers. They had already capt- 
ured some prisoners and were exchanging shots with the enemy's 
pickets hidden in the -corn, when Kearny, chafing at the slowness 
of the movement, rode in front of the line and was at once shot 
down. Next moment the two lines of battle confronted each 
other, only a few yards apart, and the Twenty-first delivered the 
first fire ; but it was instantly returned and followed by a charge of 
the Confederates and hand to hand fighting, both sides losing 
heavily and presently as by mutual consent separating and retiring 
to their respective sides of the field. Federal reinforcements had 
now come up, but the attempt of Jackson was foiled and neither 
side cared to renew the contest — the shattered remnant of the regi- 
ment lay in the mud through the night and next day withdrew 
within the Alexandria fortifications. 

Its loss had been very heavy. Of the field and staff. Colonel 
Clark was left almost alone. Lieutenant Colonel Rice was killed 
in the first encounter in the forest ; Major Ilawkes and Adjutant 
Willard had been captured while reconnoitering in the corn-field ; 
Assistant Surgeon Joseph W. Hastings and Chaplain Ball had re- 
mained to care for the wounded in a temporary hospital on the 



336 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

battle-field and fell into the hands of the enemy. Of the line 
officers, Captains Frazer and Kelton, First Lieutenants Henry A. 
Beckwith of Fitchburg and Frederic A. Bemis of Spencer and 
Second Lieutenant William B. Hill of Gardner were killed or mor- 
tally wounded ; First Lieutenant William H. Clark ( severely 
wounded) and Second Lieutenant George C. Parker were prisoners. 
The total killed and mortally wounded reached 38, 76 were wounded 
and mostly left on the field, and 26 unwounded had been made 
prisoners, out of 400 taken into action. Besides these many had 
become separated from the regiment who rejoined it soon after. 

A general reorganization now took place. The Army of Virginia 
— Pope's command — was merged in the Army of the Potomac, 
under General McClellan ; the Ninth Corps was made to consist of 
four divisions, General Reno commanding the corps, which with the 
First, General Hooker, formed the right wing of the army under 
General Burnside. The Twenty -first Regiment at this time re- 
ceived 45 recruits, and Ferrero's Brigade was strengthened by the 
addition of the Thirty -fifth Massachusetts, which joined it on the 
northward march — the brigade number remaining the same, Gen- 
eral Sturgis commanding the division. The regiment changed its 
camp on the night of September 4 to the northern borders of 
Washington ; the march into Maryland began on the Tth, and 
Frederick was passed through on the 13th. 

In the battle of South Mountain on the 14th the Twenty-first did 
not have an important part. They were ordered up the mountain 
about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, taking position in an open space just 
below the summit, forming a second line in support of the two Fifty- 
firsts later in the afternoon while the Thirty-fifth was ordered into 
the woods in front. The latter found no foe, but soon after their 
return a musket fire was delivered from the edge of the woods, 
mortally wounding General Reno. Some of Longstrect's troojis had 
come up to try to retake the position from which their fellows had 
been driven earlier in the day, but their efforts were vain, and the 
Twenty-first, in the sui){)ortiiig line, were not called upon to fire a 
shot, and lost but five men wounded. Next day Captain Hovey with 
two companies was sent back to Frederick in charge of some prison- 
ers, and the eight remaining companies, numbering about 150 men, 
marched in the afternoon to the vicinity of Antictam Creek, where 
the armies under Lee and McClellan were t>atherini!: for battle. 



THE TWENTY-FIRST BEGIMENT. 337 

The Ninth Corps moved to the left during the 16th, and that night 
the regiment bivouacked in view of the hot^tile batteries across 
the creeii:. The next forenoon it supported Durell's Battery while 
attempts Avere made to cross the creek by what was subsequently 
known as " Burnside's Bridge," and later in the day its brigade was 
ordered to make the crossing. The T'wenty-first at once took position 
near the margin of the creek and with the Fifty-firsts and the artil- 
lery opened a heavy fire upon the Confederates opposite. A dash 
was then made for the bridge by the Pennsylvanians and New York- 
ers ; the Thirty-fifth and Twenty-first followed and took position in 
a ravine on the right of the road after crossing. Later in the after- 
noon, as the Union lines were forced back, the brigade was ordered 
to an eminence to the left of Shar{)sburg, as a check to the Con- 
federates. The Twenty-first were very short of ammunition, but 
with the last cartridges in their guns held the position till after 
dark, when a hostile volley from the right fiank warned them that 
it was time to retire, which they did without further loss, halting on 
the bights in front of the bridge, where they received food and am- 
munition. Lying there through the night, the regiment was next 
day sent to the left as an outpost and took a position running from 
the creek to the first hill ; but the fight was not renewed that day 
and at night the command was relieved, retiring across the stream. 

Next morning the bridge was again crossed and the brigade ad- 
vanced over the field from which the enemy had retreated, finally 
going into bivouac with the rest of the division near the confluence 
of Antietam Creek and the Potomac. The loss of the regiment in 
the battle had been ten killed, including Second Lieutenant Henry 
C. Holbrook of Barre, and 85 wounded. The camp at the mouth 
of the creek was occupied till the 27tli of October, during which time 
many convalescents returned to duty, but the gain was largely offset 
by the transfer of 59 members to the regular artillery and cavalry. 

On the date named the Ninth Corps, General Willcox command- 
ing, broke camp, crossed the Potomac on pontons at Berlin and be- 
gan to move leisurely southward, feeling the way from gap to gap 
in the Blup Ridge till the snow-storm of the 6th of November found 
the brigade (to which the Eleventh New Hampshire had been added) 
at the little village of Orleans. The following day the brigade 
marched in the afternoon, took the wrong road, and during the night 
found itself on the shore of the unbridged North Fork of the Rai>- 



338 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

pahannock. The stream was crossed the next day and the brigade 
was posted at Jefferson, some miles beyond, where it remained till 
earl}' morning of the 12th Avhen it was withdrawn across the river, 
leaving only the outposts on the south side. On the 15th the divis- 
ion Ijcgan to move down the river, and the enemy shelling the 
trains as they came in sight caused an artillery duel across the 
river, which the brigade was called back to support, but the affair 
ended in artillery fire. On the 19th the regiment passed through 
Falmouth and went into camp on the river bank below, opposite the 
lower part of Fredericksburg. 

It was relieved from duty on the river November 29, and rejoined 
the brigade some distance in the rear. At night of the 10th of 
December a hundred men from the regiment were detailed to assist 
in building the bridges and making corduroy roads the following 
morning, and at an early hour the rest of the command turned out 
and marched to the fields about the Phillips house where General 
Burnside had his head-quarters. In the afternoon General Ferrero 
obtained permission to force the crossing of the river in ponton 
boats and drive out the rebel sharp-shooters who were opposing the 
laying of the bridges. He galloped at once to the brigade, and the 
Twenty-first and the Fifty-first New York started on the double- 
quick for the scene, but before it could be reached the work had been 
done and the two regiments returned. Next morning the regiment, 
with 190 muskets, crossed the bridge at the city, lying all day in 
line along the river bank. 

At 10 o'clock of the 13th the brigade was ordered to sui)port a 
line of skirmishers in rear of the town, Avhence about noon the 
regiment with others was moved out into the fields and charged the 
hostile works under a severe fire. ]>oth color-bearers were soon 
shot down, but the flags were up again in a moment. Sergeant 
riunkett raised the national standard only to have both arms shot 
away and his chest badly wounded by a bursting shell. Half a mile 
out from the city, having lost a third of their number, the Twenty- 
first halted and lying down behind a partial cover of rising ground 
fired their first shots. This position was retained till after dark, 
when the brigade was relieved and returned to the city, having long 
before entirely exhausted its ammunition. After a respite of 24 
hours the regiment was again ordered forward to the same point, 
establishing the line and throwing up a very trifling earthwork with 



THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 339 

bayonets, cups and a single spade. Behind this it remained all day 
of the 15th and at night the final withdraAval was made, the Union 
army returning to the north side of the river. The regiment had 
lost in the battle 06 enlisted men, of whom 13 were killed or fatally 
hurt and one was taken prisoner. 

It remained in camp near Falmouth till the 9th of February, 1863, 
when tis a i)art of the Ninth Cor})S it went to Acquia Creek by rail- 
road and took passage on the steamboat Louisiana for Newport 
News, where it encamped on the 11th, the corps being commanded 
by General W. F. Smith till the 21st of March, when he was 
succeeded by General John G. Parke. The regiment took the 
steamer Kennebec for Baltimore on the 26th, taking cars thence by 
way of Pittsburg and Columbus to Cincinnati, where with the two 
Fifty -firsts it was welcomed by General Burnside, then commading 
the Department of the Ohio. Crossing the Ohio river into Coving- 
ton, Ky., the regiment took cars again and went to Paris, which was 
reached on the 1st of April. Stopping there two days, the brigade 
marched to Mount Sterling, 22 miles distant, and went into camp. 

That region had been a favorite resort of guerrillas, and a few 
brushes occurred after the advent of the brigade, but they soon 
ceased, and on the 17th the rest of the brigade was withdrawn, leav- 
ing the Twenty-first and some Kentucky cavalry as the garrison of 
the town, the regiment being quartered in the court-house and by 
its fidelity and good conduct winning the esteem and confidence of 
the people. Near the close of April several of the officers, includ- 
ing Colonel Clark, Captains Walcott and Harlow, resigned on ac- 
count of the refusal of the authorities to fill the depleted ranks of 
the command. Chaplain Ball had resigned shortly before the battle 
of Fredericksburg. The command of the regiment devolved on 
Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes, promoted from major to date from De- 
cember 18, 1862. 

Early in July General John H. Morgan began his famous raid 
through Kentucky and across the Ohio into the free states, and on 
the 6th the Twenty-first made a forced march from Mount Sterling 
to Lexington, which was threatened by the raiders, but the city was 
not molested. The command encamped in the vicinity till the 12th 
of August, when it took cars to Nicholasville and marched thence 
to Camp Nelson, a su])ply dei)ot on the Kentucky river. There the 
loaimont remained for a month, during which it was made part of 



340 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Corps, the other regi- 
ments being the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania and Second Maryland, 
the brigade commanded by Colonel Sigfried of the Forty-eighth. 
During the summer the rest of the Ninth Corps, with the exception 
of one or two regiments, had been sent to the assistance of Grant 
at Yicksburg, but now that they had returned General Burnsidc re- 
vived his deferred project of freeing Eastern Tennessee from Con- 
federate domination, and on the 12th of September the Twenty-first 
started on the march toward Knoxville, Captain Charles W. Davis 
in command. Camp was reached near the city on the 28th, the regi- 
ment having traveled more than 200 miles over very difficult roads. 

It went by cars on the 4th of October to Bull's Gap, 50 miles 
eastward, the division marching out some four miles next day and 
halting for reinforcements to come up, the movement being to meet 
a hostile force said to be coming that way from Virginia. General 
Burnside advanced on the morning of the 10th and at Blue Springs, 
five miles on, skirmishing began, the enemy retiring to a belt of 
woods. Late in the afternoon the First Division, under General 
Ferrero, made a successful charge, driving the Confederates to their 
field works and fighting till dark. The Twenty-first supported the 
Second Maryland Battery and suffered no casualties. In the morn- 
ing the enemy was found to have retreated and was pursued to Rhea- 
town. The return march began the 13th, cars were taken at Mor- 
ristown on the loth, and that evening Knoxville was reached. 

News of the approach of Longstreet from Chattanooga was re- 
ceived on the 22d of October, and the regiment at once went by 
rail to Loudon, 30 miles southwest, remaining there till the 29th, 
when a retrograde movement was made to Lenoir's Station, seven 
miles nearer Knoxville. There the Twenty -first remained till 
November 14, then marched out a short distance and formed line 
of battle to await the coming of Longstreet's 20,000. Late in 
the night, the Second Division, Colonel Hartranft in command, 
marched to near Loudon and relieved the First Division, the 
Twenty-first going at once on the skirmish line and exchanging 
shots at long range with the enemy. Longstreet's command had 
crossed the river below and was working its way around the Union 
right flank, ho])ing to cut off the Federal force from Knoxville, 
and in the afternoon the regiment began to fall back, reaching 
Cani[)beirs Station at daylight, after a severe night's march over 



TUE TWEXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 841 

the difficult and muddy roads. Stopping briefly for breakfast, it 
again deployed on the Kingston road, and was just in time to meet 
the Confederate advance. Colonel Hartranft gallantly held the 
enemy at bay till the Avagons were well on the way to Knoxville 
and the rest of the Union army had taken up a strong position a 
half-mile in the rear. Then retiring his command regiment by 
regiment and taking position on the Union left, the able com- 
miinder assisted in repulsing two severe attacks Avith comparatively 
slight loss to the defenders, — the Twenty -first having but two 
slightly wounded. That night Burnside retired his forces to the 
defensive position in front of Knoxville which had been selected 
for receiving the threatened siege, making the third consecutive 
hard night's march for the regiment. 

The Second Division occupied a position to the north of the city, 
and as the besiegers appeared before the close of the day the 
Twenty-first worked nearly all night in constructing and strength- 
ening the defenses, Longstreet's operations beginning in earnest 
the following day. The regiment Avas not often seriously engaged 
during the siege, though much of its time Avas passed on the skir- 
misli line and under fire. On the morning of the 24th Lieutenant 
Colonel HaAvkes Avitli the Twenty-first under Major Richardson and 
the Forty -eighth Pennsylvania Avas directed to drive out the Pal- 
metto Sharpshooters, a South Carolina regiment Avhich had capt- 
ured a part of the Union picket line the night before, and the 
order Avas at once executed with marked success, the regiment los- 
ing ten men in the charge. Its loss during the siege was four killed 
and 11 wounded. 

General Sherman Avith a relieving force having reached Loudon, 
the siege Avas abandoned on the 4th of December, and the follow- 
ing morning the Twenty-first with its brigade made a reconnais- 
sance for ten miles Avithout encountering the foe. A part of Burn- 
side's force followed Longstreet to Rutledge, 30 miles to the north- 
east, but anticipating an attack fell back on the 15th and 16th some 
12 miles. While in cam]) there, on the 24tli the subject of re- 
enlisting for tlirce years Avas broached in the camp of the TAventy- 
first, and met with much favor, notAvithstanding what had already 
been suffered. On the 27th two-thirds of the regiment had l)een 
enrolled for the additional term, thus being the first regiment in 
the Ninth Corps to win the proffered furlough of 30 days. The 251 



342 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

who had re-enlisted started on the Tth of January, 1864, for Camp 
Nelson, Ky., in charge of 200 Confederate prisoners of war, leaving 
the 36 members not entitled to furlough temporarily attached to 
the I'hirty-fifth Massachusetts. The march was very trying, the 
weather being cold and stormy, the roads rough and poor and the 
shoes and clothing of the men badly dilapidated. Wagons were 
met on the 10th, two days' full rations of sugar, coffee and hard 
bread were drawn, — the first time in four months that more than 
half-rations had been obtained, — and with light hearts the command 
trudged on, reaching Camp Nelson at night of the 18th, They Avere 
taken by wagons to Nicholasvillc on the 20th and thence l)y cai'S to 
Covington, where they went into barracics till the necessary pajjers 
could be moode out and the. men paid. Starting for Massachusetts 
on the 29th, the regiment reached AVorcester on the evening of the 
31st, received a cordial reception on the 1st of February, and the 
members dispersed to their homes. 

On the 18th of March the regiment left Worcester on. its return, 
being ordered to Annapolis, where the Ninth CorifS was bein.^ re- 
organized. The Twenty-first formed part of the Second Brigade, 
First Division, the other regiments of which were the One Hundredth 
Pennsylvania and Third Maryland, Colonel Leasure of tho One 
Hundredth commanding. General Burnsido commanded the cor|)3 
and General Thomas G. Stevenson the division. 

The corps left Annapolis the 23d of April, marched through 
Washington on the 25th, across Long Bridge, and encamped near 
Alexandria; but again set fortli on the 27th, going by war of Fair- 
fax Court House and Bristoe's Station to Bealton. ' There it halted 
on the 30th, and remained till the 4th of May, when it marched to 
Brandy Station, crossed the Rapidanat Germania Ford on the even- 
ing of the 6th, and at 8 o'clock next morning tlie division, reported 
to General Hancock on the Wilderness battle-field, Leasure's Bri- 
gade being placed at the left of his line. Toward the close of the 
forenoon -Longstreet's corps came upon the field and falling upon 
the right of the Second Corps and the troops acting with it under 
command of General Hancock, recovered from thein all the ground 
won by the Union trooi)S earlier in the day by hard figliting. Long- 
sti'cct, while arranging his forces for a yet more desperate bloAV was 
badly wounded by the firing of his own men and his plan was aban- 
doned. In the pause w^hich ensued Hancock ordered Leasure's Bri- 



THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 343 

gadc to charge across in i'runt of the Union position, from left to 
right, which it did without serious opposition, such of the enemy 
as were encountered giving way before the steady sweep of the line. 
Position was then taken near the First Brigade at Hancock's 
right. The loss of the Twenty-first was ten Avoundcd (three mor- 
tally) and eight missing. 

On the 9th of May the First Division joined the Third in Front 
of Spottsylvania Court House where the latter had seized the bridge 
over the Ny at the crossing of the Fredericksburg turnpike, and on 
the 10th, 12th and 18th the Twenty-first had part in the inisuccess- 
ful assaults which were made upon the lines of the enemy in their 
front, losing on the three occasions five killed, 32 wounded and two 
taken prisoners. The corps moved to the left of the Union lines 
on the 19th, searching for a weak spot in the Confederate intrench- 
nients, but none being found the move towa-rd the North Anna be- 
gan on the 21st. The regiment with the rest of the Ninth Coips 
maneuvered in the vicinity of the North Anna for two or three days, 
but was not actively engaged ; being selected to guard the ford after 
the withdrawal of the rest of the army, it remained on that duty 
till near noon of the 27tli, when it rapidly followed its retreating 
fellows. The Pamunkey was crossed at Hanover Town on the 
29th ; on the 30tli the regiment crossed Totopotomy Creek and in- 
trenched on the Shady Grove Road, where in skirmishes on the two 
following days it had three killed and as many wounded. 

One of its most trying engagements occurred on the 2d of June, 
when the Ninth Corps, forming the extreme right of the Union 
army, was ordered to close down to the left to consolidate the line. 
As the movement was being executed, the Twenty-first covering the 
rear, a sharp attack was delivered, of which the regiment bore the 
brunt, lighting valiantly and holding the enemy in check till the 
Fifth and Ninth Corps could be formed to repel the attack. In this 
contest, sometimes called the battle of Bethesda Church, the Twenty- 
first lost 13 killed, 21 wounded, most of whom fell into the hands 
of the enemy, and 13 unwounded taken prisoners. In the subse- 
quent fighting about Cold Harbor the regiment was not engaged. 
During the stay there General Crittenden — who had succeeded Gen- 
eral Stevenson, killed at Spottsylvania — was relieved of the com- 
mand of the division and succeeded by General J. H. Ledlie. 

Crossino- the James river at midnuiiit of the loth of June, the 



344 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

regiment made a forced march of 30 miles to Petersburg, which 
was reached late in the afternoon of the 16th, just in time to take 
part in an assault on the Confederate works in front of Cemetery 
Hill, in which Burnside's command drove the enemy from their rifle 
pits to stronger works in the rear. The loss of the Twenty-first 
was two killed and two wounded, — all by a single solid shot. Each 
of the three white divisions of the Ninth Cor |)S assaulted the hostile 
works the following day, the Second in the morning and the Third 
at noon, both being repulsed, and at evening the First Division ad- 
vanced over the same ground and made a lodgment, holding on till 
after dark, when, their ammunition being exhausted, a charge of the 
Confederates drove out the line. That day's loss of the Twenty- 
first was four killed, 25 wounded and two captured — among the 
dead being Captain Charles Goss of Sterling. 

From this time till the close of July what were left of the command 
passed their time in the trenches, three days in the front line and 
three in the second alternately, there being not much difference in the 
degree of exposure, the second line being only 200 yards from the 
enemy and sharp-shooters keeping constantly on the alert. During 
this time the regiment, which on the 20th of June numbered but 110 
muskets, lost three killed and 11 wounded. At the battle of the 
Crater, on the 30th of July, it was in the third or fourth line of the 
division, and after the leading regiments had crowded into and 
about the Crater, worked its way to the front ; but it Avas then too 
late to accomplish anything, and it finally fell back to the original 
lines, having suffered a loss of 24, of whom seven were killed or 
mortally wounded and three imwounded taken prisoners. Among 
the mortally wounded was Captain William H. Clark of Pittsfield 
commanding the regiment, — Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes having 
previously ix'signcd on account of failing health. Following the 
battle, duty in the trenches went on as before. 

General Burnside resigned the command of the corps August 13, 
being succeeded by General Parke. Directly after the affair at the 
Crater, General Ledlie was succeeded by General Julius White in 
the command of the First Division. On the 18th most of the officers 
and the men whose enlistment had expired left for Massachusetts, 
where they were mustered out at Worcester on the 30th. The re- 
enlisted men and recruits, numbering about 75 muskets present for 
duty, Avere organized into a l)attalion of three companies, ];no\\ u as 



THE TWENTY-FIRST HEGIMENT. . 345 

H, I and K. Six commissioned officers remained with the battal- 
ion — Captains Charles W. Davis, Orange S. Samj>son and Edward 
E. Howe, and First Lieutenants Jonas R. Davis. Felix McDermott 
and William H. Sawyer. The detachment was commanded by Cap- 
tain Sampson, Captain Davis being on detached duty. 

On the day following this arrangement the battalion took part in 
the l)attle on the Wcldon railroad, the First Brigade, First Division, 
of which it now formed a part, under the command of Lieutenant 
Colonel Barnes of the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts, arriving on the 
field just in time to turn the tide of battle against the almost vic- 
torious Confederates. The loss of the Twenty-first in the fight was 
three killed and four wounded. The Ninth Corps was now put in 
position on the right of the Fifth to hold the ground which had 
been gained, and while there a few recruits came to the battalion ; 
but on the 27th the First Division moved back to the right and re- 
lieved the Fourth (colored) Division in the works nearer the city. 
On the 2d of September the division having l)ecome reduced to a 
skeleton was broken up and distributed among the other two white 
divisions, the old Third becoming the First and the Twenty-first 
forming j)art of the First Brigade, Second Division, General Potter 
commanding the division and Colonel Curtin of the Forty-lifth 
Pennsylvania the brigade. 

Another movement to the left began on the 2oth of September, 
and at the battle of Peebles Farm or Poplar Springs Church on the 
30th the battalion took part in its last engagement as a distinct 
organization. Taking into that fight — in which General Potter's 
division was flanked and almost surrounded — some 75 muskets, 
it suffered a loss of four killed, ten wounded and 11 unwounded 
captured. Among the killed was Captain Orange S. Sampson of 
Huntington, its brave commander. 

Late in October the three companies of the Twenty-first were at- 
tached to the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Regiment, which had been 
consolidated to seven companies, and the sul:)sequent fortunes of 
the heroic band form a part of the history of that organization. 



THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-second Regiment was raised and first commanded 
by Hon. Henry Wilson, then United States JSenator from 
Massachusetts. In his anxiety that his state should maintain 
a high rank in every respect, and feeling that the matter of enlist- 
ments was lagging somewhat, he returned to Massachusetts after 
the close of the special session of Congress and gave his energies 
to the work of raising troops. The prestige of his name was mag- 
ical, and in a short time not less than twenty new companies were 
in process of formation. The wish of the national government to 
have all the troops possible sent forward decided the state authori- 
ties to form a regiment of the ten companies most complete, leav- 
ing the other detachments to be filled for the formation of the next 
regiment. On the 2d of September, 1861, Colonel Wilson received 
his commission and the first of the companies went into camp at 
Lynnfield, others following from day to day till the organization 
was complete. Company F was mustered on the 10th of August, 
and the others at various times during September ; the line otliicers 
followed on the 1st of October, the complete roster being : — 

Colonel, Henry Wilson of Natick; lieutenant colonel, Charles E. 
Griswold ; major, William 8. Tilton, both of Boston; surgeon, Edward 
L. Warren of Weymouth; assistant surgeon, James P. Prince of Lynn; 
chaplain, John Pierpont of Medford; adjutant, Thomas Sherwin, Jr., 
of Dedham; quartermaster, James G. Fuller of Charlcstown; sergeant 
major, Frederick L. P»enson of Newton ; quartermaster sergeant, 
Daniel F. Brown of Cambridge; commissary sergeant, Ephraim llack- 
ett of Woburn; hospital steward, George T. Perkins of Boston; leader 
of band, Salem T. Weld of Westboro. 

Company A, Washington Light Guard — Captain, Walter S. Samp- 
sou; first lieutenant, Charles 0. Conant, both of Boston; second lieu- 
tenant, Henry Clay Conner of Lynn. 

Company B, Jackson Ilifles — Cajitain, David K. Ward well of Bos- 
ton; first lieutenant, Frederick K. Field of Northfield; second lieu- 
tenant, William D. Morris of Boston. 



TUE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 347 

Company C, Gordon Guards of Taunton — Captain, Mason W. Burt; 
first lieutenant, George A. Wasiiburn; second lieutenant, Enos P.Hale. 

Company I), Everett Guard of Boston — Captain, John F. Dunning; 
first lieutenant, "William H. White ; second lieutenant, John H. 
Symonds. 

Company E, Brewer Guard of Eoxbury — Captain, William L. Cogs- 
well; llrst lieutenant, Nelson A. Miles; second lieutenant, Henry L. 
Orrok. 

Company F, Union Guards — Cai)tain, Samuel I. Thompson; first 
lieutenant, John P. Crane, both of Woburn; second lieutenant, Walter 
S. Davis of Milton. 

Company G, Wellington Guards — Captain, John B. Whorf; first 
lieutenant, Edwin F. Richardson, both of Cambridgeport; second lieu- 
tenant, Gordon McKay of Melrose. 

Company H, Haverhill — Ca])tain, John J. Thompson; first lieuten- 
ant, Thomas F. Salter; second lieutenant, Alonzo M. Shute. 

Company I, Boston — Captain, Charles J. Paine; first lieutenant, 
George A. Batchelder; second lieutenant, Horace S. Dunn. 

Company K — Captain, Horace P. Williams of Brookline; first lieu- 
tenant, Joseph Nason of Boston; second lieutenant, James P. Stearns 
of Brookline. 

Es))ccial pride was naturally taken in the equipment and arm- 
ing of this regiment, which was furnished with the Enlleld rifle, and 
its progress from Massachusetts to W^ashington, which began on the 
8th of October, was a scries of ovations, largely on account of its 
distinguished commander. Washington was reached on the after- 
noon of the 11th, and after a day or two passed in the city the regi- 
ment crossed the Potomac to the vicinity of HalFs Hill, Avhcre it 
went into camp, being added to Martindale's Brigade of Fitz John 
Porter's Division, the older regiments of which were the Eighteenth 
Massachusetts, Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New York. 
Colonel W^ilson resigned on the 28tli of October and Captain Jesse 
A. Gove of the Tenth United States Infantry, a resident of Con- 
cord, N. H., and a very efficient officer, was made colonel. The 
winter was given to drill and discipline, in which the regiment won 
high commendation. 

Only one change occurred in the make-up of !^^artindale's Brigade 
during the winter — the Twcnty-llfth New York Regiment taking 
the place of the Forty-first New York, and it started on its first 
campaign on the 10th of March, 1862, as the First Brigade of l^or- 
ter's Division, Third Corps. The brigade advanced as far as Fair- 
fax Court House, halted there and bivouacked in the open field with- 
out tents until the 15th, much of the time in a driving rain storm. 



348 3fASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

which still continued when the command set out fos Alexandria. 
A stop of five days was made in that place, when the division em- 
barked on transports, the Twenty -second on board the Daniel 
"Webster, which anchored at Fortress Monroe two days later; the 
regiment disembarked the next day, and passing through Hamp- 
ton, went into camp on the Newmarket road, where it remained 
until the 4th of April, 

The advance of the Army of the Potomac toward Yorktown be- 
gan that morning, and that night the Twenty-second Regiment 
halted near Howard's Creek, continuing the march next morning 
and about noon coming under fire from the Confederate fortifica- 
tions. During the remainder of the day the command moved to 
various points in the vicinity of Warwick Road, two companies 
being on the skirmish line and Colonel Gove with another company 
making a reconnaissance close up to the Confederate works. Dur- 
ing these movements the regiment was frequently exposed to severe 
fire but lost only nine wounded, one fatally. Next day it went into 
temporary camp where it remained during the heavy storm of three 
days which followed, afterward arranging more permanent quarters 
on Wormsley's Creek, the entire camp of the army being known as 
Camp Winfield Scott. The experience of the Twenty-second dur- 
ing the four weeks of siege was similar to that of other commands — 
picket and skirmish duty, the building of roads and fortifications. 

The regiment Avas on its way to relieve the picket line early on 
the morning of May 4, when report was received of the evacuation 
of Yorktown. As soon as the pickets were posted Colonel Gove 
with two companies and a few officers advanced upon the hostile 
works to investigate. The rej)ort proved true, and Colonel Gove 
was the first Union soldier to scale the abandoned works. He at 
once sent back for his regimental flag, which was ])lanted on the 
parapet, and the storm flag of the Twenty-second was quickly pro- 
cured and raised on the rebel flag-staff. As the command advanced 
toward the town one of the shells whigh had been buried by the 
Confederates was exploded, wounding seven men, three of them 
fatally. Colonel Gove pushed his skirmish line through the town, 
placing his regiment as guards wherever their services were needed. 
To the Twenty-second, therefore, belongs the credit of raising the 
first Union flag over the captured works and of occupying and 
garrisoning the town. The regiment embarked on the steamer Elm 



THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 349 

City for West Point May 8, the men being debarked on the follow- 
ing day ; their camp equipage was landed two days later and Camp 
Sassafras, on a sandy plain near by, became the home of the com- 
mand for a few days. On the 13th it marched to Cumberland, 
stojjjjcd there for a brief rest and proceeded to White House Land- 
ing, where it again went into camp on the 17th, There the Fifth 
Corj)s was organized, of which Martindale's Brigade became First 
Brigade, First Division, General Porter commanding the cor])s and 
(Jencral ]\Iorcll the division. The regiment marched to Tunstall 
Station on the 19th, and thence by easy stages past Cold Harbor to 
Barker s Mills where it encam])ed on the 22d and on the 26th moved 
a few miles to Gaines Mills where camp was established, a detail 
from the Twenty-second putting the grist-mill in operation and turn- 
ing out a large quantity of corn meal. 

The regiment shared in the movement to Hanover Court House on 
the 27tli, and in the action there, during which, although at one time 
in a critical position, it had but one man killed and seven missing. 
Returning on the 29th to its camp it remained there until the 20th 
of June, when the location was changed a mile or so to a position 
on the Mechanicsville road. Six companies took part in the battle 
of Mechanicsville on the 2l)th, but were in support of other troops 
and lost but one man killed and two mortally wounded. During 
the night these companies were quietly withdrawn and returned to 
their camp, the four companies which had been on picket rejoined 
the main body in the morning, when the camp was abandoned and 
destroyed and the regiment with its division moved out to the battle 
of Gaines Mills. Morell's Division formed the left of Porter's line 
of battle, Martindale's Brigade being thQ center of the division, with 
the Twenty-second Regiment in reserve in a piece of woods, where 
trees were felled and a strong breastwork constructed. Early in 
the afternoon the enemy made three attacks which were repulsed, 
but near G o'clock the firing was renewed with great energy and 
the Union lines crumbled away. Colonel Gove held his position 
after the regiments in his front had been driven back, but it was 
only for a short time, when his regiment was Hanked and began to 
retreat. The thought of giving way before the enemy was unbear- 
able to the colonel ; his command had scarcely begun the rearward 
movement when he halted it, faced about and renewed the light. 
That brave act was his last ; he was killed almost immediately and 



350 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

his soldiers was driven back across the field to a crest in the rear ; 
there a portion of the regiment was rallied under command of Cap- 
tain Thompson, a stand was made assisted by Captain Martin's 
Massachusetts Battery and the advance of the enemy was checked 
for a time. This gave opportunity to withdraw the battery and the 
remnant of the regiment and during the night it crossed the Chicka- 
hominy river and began the movement toward the Jam£S river. But 
its battalion line had been terribly shortened ; 71 were left dead upon 
the field, 86 were wounded and 177, including 55 of the wounded, 
were made prisoners. Among the killed, in addition to Colonel 
Gove, whose body was never recovered, were Captain Dunning, First 
Lieutenant Thomas F. Salter, and Second Lieutenant George W. 
Gordon of Boston. Among the wounded were Major Tilton and 
Adjutant Sherwin ; Major Tilton and Assistant Surgeon Prince 
being captured. Lieutenant Colonel Griswold being absent sick, 
the command devolved upon Captain Sampson, but he also was 
taken ill soon after the battle and the regiment continued its march 
under Captain Wardwell. 

The Twenty-second reached Turkey Bend on the James river 
about noon of the 30th, and halted there for a time, when they were 
ordered back to Glendale where a battle was in progress, and sup- 
ported Martin's Battery, which their presence probably saved from 
capture. The conflict ended, the regiment marched to Malvern 
Hill, where it took position, but was not in action until the follow- 
ing afternoon, July 1. At that time one of the batteries of JNIor- 
ell's Division being in danger of capture the Twenty-second were 
ordered forward and assisted in repulsing the Confederates, secur- 
ing 32 prisoners. The loss of the regiment was nine killed and 41 
wounded, while six of the wounded and eight others were made 
prisoners. Among the wounded captured was Captain Samuel L 
Thompson, who died in the hands of the enemy on the 4th of 
August. During the night the army moved to Harrison's Landing 
where it encamped. AVhile there, some changes in officers took 
place ; General Martindale had left the brigade on account of sick- 
ness, and was succeeded by Colonel Barnes of the Eighteenth Mas- 
sachusetts. On the 3d of July, Captain Sampson resumed command 
of the Twenty-second but gave place on the 15th to Lieutenant 
Colonel Griswold, who was promoted colonel dating from the 28th 
of July, Major Tilton being made lieutenant colonel, and Adjutant 



THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 351 

Sherwin being promoted major. The regimental band, in common 
with all others, was mustered out of service on the 11th of August, 
the government having decided to employ less musicians and more 
surgeons. Camp was broken on the night of August 14, the regi- 
ment mai-ching Ijy way of Charles City Court House toward New- 
port News, which was reached on the lUth ; next day it embarlvcd 
on the steamer North America and landed at Acquia Creek on the 
21st, being ttiken at once to Fredericksburg by rail. Bristoe's Sta- 
tion was reached on the 28tli where Porter's Corps was reunited 
and on the following day marched toward Gainesville. The Twenty- 
second Regiment going on picket that night, became separated from 
its brigade during the following day, accompanying the Second Bri- 
gade of the same division, and took no part in the battle of Manas- 
sas, in which the rest of the First Brigade suffered severely. 

The 1st of September was passed at Centerville, and ])reparations 
were made to march about the middle of the afternoon in a heavy 
rain storm, but the command did not leave the town until the next 
morning. It then moved by way of Fairfax Court House to Hall's 
Hill, where it reoccupied its old camp, but of the 1,100 men com- 
posing the regiment and its attached companies who had left the 
spot six months before, only about 200 returned. The camp was 
visited by Senator Wilson the following day, and the tender-hearted 
man was moved to tears at the sight of the few ragged and bronzed 
men remaining of his once magnificent command. A few recruits 
were received, however, and some detachments rejoined the regi- 
ment, so that the line Avas considerably lengthened when marching 
orders were again received on the evening of September 6. The 
destination was supposed to be Tennallytown,but the command did 
not go there ; it marched to the vicinity of Fairfax Seminary where 
a battle was expected, moved back and forth for the next two or 
three days, and finally brought up at Fort Corcoran, oi)positc George- 
town. The command remained there from the 9th till the 12tli, 
during which time it was rejoined by Lieutenant Colonel Tilton, 
who had been exchanged and returned to duty. Just as the brigade 
was starting out on its march toward Antietam, it was strengthened 
by the addition of a new regiment, the One Hundred and Eighteenth 
Pennsylvania, known as the "Corn Exchange Regiment." The 
line of march led through Rockville, Monocacy Junction, and Fred- 
erick to Keedysville, where the Fifth Corps formed the reserve of 



352 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the Army of the Potomac during the battle of the Antietam. The 
Twenty-second had no part in that confiict, but with its brigade 
crossed the Potomac at Blackford's Ford on the 20th to reconnoiter 
the Confederate position. The enemy was found in force and the 
brigade returned in haste, the Twenty-second losing but one man 
killed and one mortally wounded, though the " Corn Exchange 
Regiment" suffered severely. After this the brigade remained in 
camp near the river until the 30th of October, when with the rest 
of the corps it began the southward march into Virginia. This 
brought it in due time to the vicinity of Falmouth, where it awaited 
the closing event of the year — the battle of Fredericksburg. 

The regiment crossed the river on the 13th of December, and 
with its division at once went forward for the relief of a division of 
the Ninth Corps to the left of the town. It was impossible, how- 
ever, to make any impression upon the Confederate position, and 
after a fierce conflict at close range, the Twenty -second were re- 
lieved near night by the Twentieth Maine, and retired to a less ex- 
posed position. They were not again in action during the battle, 
and at its close forming the rear guard of the corps crossed the pon- 
ton bridges as they were al)out to be taken up, and returned to the 
old camp. The loss at Fredericksburg, was four killed and 4-4 
wounded, — seven of the latter fatally. In addition to the loss of 
officers previously noted, two second lieutenants had died during 
the year from disease, Horace S. Dunn on the 22d of May, and 
Daniel J. Haynes on the 20th of October. Colonel Griswold resigned 
on account of ill-health October 26, 1862, and Lieutenant Colonel 
Tilton, who commanded the regiment at the battle of Fredericks- 
burg, was soon after commissioned colonel. Major Sherwin and 
Ca))tain Mason W. Burt being promoted to lieutenant colonel and 
major respectively. 

After a few days in their old camp the Twenty-second moved to 
the vicinity of Stonemau's Switch, where a new camp of log huts 
was constructed for winter quarters, being named Camp Gove, in 
honor of the regiment's dead colonel. There the command re- 
mained for nearly six months, although several times called from 
it temporarily on expeditions, and once to join in an important 
campaign. The first call came the 26th of December, when a march 
of an afternoon and night took Griffm's Division to Richards Ford 
on the Rappahannock, where the Twenty-second with other troops 



TEE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 353 

forded the ice-cold waters, captured a few pickets, and after a few 
days of maneuvering, everything connected with which Avas pecu- 
liarly disagreeable, returned to cam}). On the 20th of January, 
1S63, tlie regiment started out on the " IMud March," was absent for 
live days, and returned to Camp Gove. The Chancellorsville cam- 
paign began on the 27th of April, the men carrying eight days' 
rations ; the Rappahannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford, Griffin's 
Division in advance, and Barnes's Brigade leading the division. The 
experiences of this day were peculiarly severe, for after fording the 
Rappahannock, the division was ordered to press forward with all 
speed to seize the fords of the Rapidan, which was successfully 
done, some prisoners being captured. This was perhaps the most 
inijiortant service rendered by the regiment during the camjjaign, 
since the Fifth Corps was very slightly engaged, although it did 
considerable marching and maneuvering, and the only loss of the 
Twenty-second was one man killed by a. shell while cutting down 
a tree at night in front of the Union lines. On the morning 
of May 6, the ponton bridges were recrossed ; the regiment assisted 
in taking them up, marched by night through a heavy rain to the 
vicinity of its old camp, was ordered back to assist the ponton train 
to camp, and finally reoccupied Camp Gove on the 8th. Late in 
May, the Fifth Corps was moved up the Rappahannock to the vicin- 
ity of Grove Church, where it was made a corps of observation, to 
watch the fords in the vicinity. While it was located there, General 
Barnes was placed in command of the division. Colonel Tilton of 
the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Sherwin of the regiment. 

The movement northward began on the 13th of June, and five 
days later the regiment was located at Aldie's Gap. In a day or 
two it moved through the Gap in support of a cavalry force, and 
operated in that vicinity for a few days, without being actively en- 
gaged. On the 25th the column moved by way of Fairfax Station, 
Edwards Ferry, Frederick, Liberty and Uniontown to Hanover, 
which was reached on the 1st of July. After a few hours' rest the 
march was resumed, and early in the forenoon of the 2d the battle- 
field of Gettysburg was reached. It was not till late in the after- 
noon of that day, however, that the Fifth Corps was called into 
action. As the First Brigade, under Colonel Tilton, inished forward 
to the fierce contest that raged in front of the Round Tops, it took 
position in support and to the left of DeTrobriand's Brigade of the 



354 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

Third Corps. The Twenty-second Regiment carried but 67 muskets 
into action, yet the handful of men fought with an energy and cool- 
ness worthy of all praise. They were not able to retain the posi- 
tion, however, the flanks of the brigade being turned, and it became 
necessary to change front to meet the new danger. This move- 
ment, always difficult in action, was rendered especially so on this 
occasion by the coming upon the scene of another division, already 
in disorder. The regiment maintained its organization, however, 
and w^hen obliged to fall back still further toward the Round Top 
slope, did so in good order, bringing off all its wounded and even 
their weapons. It was not closely engaged the following day, being 
moved to a position between the two Round Tops, facing the Devil's 
Den, where it remained during the day, exposed to the enemy's 
sharp-shooters and skirmish firing. The command had suffered 
severely, for of the 67 men and a few officers taken into action, 15 
had been killed and 25 wounded ; among the latter Second Lieuten- 
ant Charles K. Knowles of Haverhill, who died on the 11th. 

After the battle the regiment took part in all of the various 
marchings and countermarchings of the Army of the Potomac 
which followed during the summer and autumn months, being at 
one time encamped for several weeks near Beverly Ford on the Rap- 
pahannock. While there it received a reinforcement of some 200 
recruits and conscripts which with those returned from hospitals 
and detached service gave it again respectable numbers. It was in 
action at Rappahannock Station on the 7th of November, where its 
loss was seven wounded ; afterward it encamped in the vicinity of 
Kelly's Ford until the Mine Run campaign. It shared in that very 
disagreeable experience, but Avas not engaged, and at its close re- 
turned to Beverly Ford and w^ent into winter quarters. 

The winter camp was located about half a mile from Rappahan- 
nock Station, and was called Camp Barnes, in honor of the brave 
division commander who had been wounded at Gettysburg. Colonel 
Tilton remained in command of the brigade through the winter, 
General J. J. Bartlett having command of the division, with which 
he protected the railroad from Licking Run Station to the Rappa- 
hannock. The First Brigade liad a picket line three and a lialf 
miles in length, which in addition to the fatigue duty naturally re- 
quired gave plenty of employment, especially in disagreeable weather. 
Like so many other organizations, the Twenty-second Regiment 



THE TWENTY-SECOND liEGIMENT. 355 

made a notable improvement of its winter leisure. A chapel -was 
built for rclig'ious services, Chaplain Charles j\I. Tyler of Katick, 
who joined the regiment on the 11th of December, 18GS, succeed- 
ing Chaplains John Pierpont and Joseph C. Cromack who had suc- 
cessively resigned. This structure was also in use every evening, 
either for prayer-meetings, lyceums, lectures, debates or a meeting 
of the Masonic lodge which had been organized in the army. The 
total rc-eulistments in the regiment during the winter numbered 
83 — not enough to constitute the Twenty-second a veteran regiment, 
but the re-enlisted members received the usual furlough of 30 days. 
As the spring campaign approached, the Army of the Potomac was 
reorganized, causing many changes in the make up of the Fifth 
Corps. The old First Brigade, First Division, was broken up, its 
place being taken by a brigade of United States Regulars, and the 
Twenty-second Regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, same 
division, where it was associated with the Ninth and Thirty-second 
Massachusetts, Sixty-second Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan 
Regiments. Colonel Jacob B. Sweitzer commanded the brigade, 
and General (h-ifiin resumed command of the division. General 
AVarren being the corjis commander. Colonel Tilton was conse- 
(juently returned to lead his regiment. 

Marching orders came on the 30th of April, 1864, the Rappahan- 
nock was crossed next day, and the Rapidan at German ia Ford 
early on the morning of the 4th of May. ' The Twenty-second as it 
moved toward the field of battle numbered 280 muskets and a pro- 
portionate number of officers, — altogether less than 300 men. 
Reaching the vicinity of Wilderness Tavern early on the morning 
of the 5th, the regiment with its brigade took position in line of 
battle and intrenched ; but much to the disgust of the tired soldiers 
the works were scarcely completed Avlien other troops marched in 
to occupy them, and Sweitzer's Brigade was advanced through the 
tangled forest in search of the enemy. The foe was found, the 
regiment took position in the edge of the woods facing a small open- 
ing and a conflict ensued. The fighting was indecisive during the 
day and was renewed in the morning, the Twenty-second having 
during the night taken a new position and intrenched so that the 
assaults of the Confederates were easily repulsed at that part of the 
line. The total loss of the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness 
was 36, 15 of whom were killed or mortally wounded. 



356 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. 

Late ill the evening of the 7th the command began its march 
toward Spottsylvania and during the following day took part in the 
battle of Laurel Hill, where it distinguished itself by again sup- 
porting Martin's Battery, when that organization was in danger of 
capture, losing 10 killed and wounded. As the line of battle devel- 
oped the Twenty-second took position near Po Run and intrenched. 
During this time there was severe sharp-shooting and it was by 
this means that the regiment lost on the Otli one of its bravest 
officers, Captain Benjamin Davis of Charlestown, who was mortally 
wounded while viewing the Confederate position. At night of the 
9th the Confederates captured some of the outer rifle pits nearly in 
front of the Twenty -second, and next day that organization with 
the Fourth Michigan was ordered to attempt their recapture. This 
was done by the regiment deployed as skirmishers under command 
of Major Burt, but at a heavy loss of life, since the works when 
gained afforded little protection, the captors being obliged to lie 
close upon the ground under fire all day, being relieved after dark 
when the survivors returned to their position of the morning, the 
regiment having lost during the day 74, 17 of whom were killed. 

For the ten days which followed while the armies confronted each 
other before Spottsylvania, what were loft of the Twenty-second, 
now less than one-half the number that had started on the campaign, 
were constantly active, skirmishing, maneuvering, or on duty in the 
works. When on its southward movement the Union army reached 
the North Anna on the 23d, the regiment at the head of its brigade 
was first to cross at Jericho Ford. It was at once deployed as skir- 
mishers and led the movement against the enemy until a strong fire 
was encountered and a desperate action ensued, in which the Union 
lines were considerably shattered. The regiment had four killed 
and seven wounded. No general action resulted at this place; the 
troops across the river were withdrawn after a few days of skirmish- 
ing and the movement southward was continued, crossing the Pamun- 
kcy on the 27th and tlie Totopotomy on the 29th, Griffin's Division 
taking })Ositi()n on the Mcchanicsville Road in line of battle. An 
advance Avas ordered next morning, the Twenty-second again on the 
skirmish line v. hich was commanded by Colonel Tilton, and an ob- 
stinate engagement ensued in which the enemy were pushed steadily 
back for nearly three miles, but botli sides retired from the field 
during the niirht. The regiment took into this action 106 muskets 



THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 357 

and a few officers ; its loss was three killed and 12 wounded ; it won 
liig-li praise, as it had so often done for efficiency in like positions. 

Swcitzer's Brigade rested during the 1st of June in the vicinity 
of Bethesda Church, and that night and the following day moved 
hither and thither without being seriously engaged. The morning 
of the 3d found the division massed near the Church in preparation 
for the general attack upon the Confederate lines which had been 
ordered. Sweitzer's Brigade was deployed to the right to connect 
with the Ninth Corps and at once advanced, with the Twenty-second 
as usual on the skirmish line ; a magnificent charge was made across 
an open field and the enemy was forced back to his second line of 
works, but when this was done the power of the Union soldiers was 
exhausted. In the margin of the wood, a hundred yards from the 
Confederate works, the line of blue clung to what had been gained, 
lying under heavy fire all day and being relieved after dark. The 
Twenty-second came out of this trial Avith less than a hundred mem- 
bers, having lost 11 killed and 11 wounded, among the slain l)eing 
Captain Joseph H. Baxter of Milton. The following day Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Sherwin, who had been disabled by an accident just be- 
fore the opening of the campaign, rejoined the regiment. The oth 
l)roved another day of severe trial, the command being sent out in 
the afternoon on the Shady Grove Church road as skirmishers and 
having a sharp fight until night, losing two killed and five wounded. 

This encounter ended the active work of the regiment in connec- 
tion with Cold Harbor ; before light on the morning of the 7th it 
marched in the rear of the Union line to the vicinity of Gaines 
Mills, near Sumner's Lower Bridge on the Chickahominy, where 
strong fortifications were built near the scene of the regiment's ter- 
rible experience of two years ])revious. This position was occupied 
till the night of the 12th, when orders were received for a further 
movement by the left flank. This time it was across the James 
river and to the vicinity of Petersburg, where the Twenty-second 
arrived early on the 17th ; it was not till the morning of the 18th, 
however, that the regiment was engaged. At that time, again on 
the skirmish line, it led the desperate charge of its division against 
the Confederate works. The ordeal was an especially trying one. 
Not only was the ground broken and difficult, but in every portion 
it was swept by a terrible fire. After several attempts the regiment 
finally reached the railroad, the enemy being pressed back to their 



358 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

main defenses and the Union soldiers holding what they had gained. 
Another attempt was made late in the afternoon to break the hostile 
lines, but it was in vain — only more dead and wounded were left on 
the field. Most of the division moved back at dark, but the Twenty- 
second remained all night on the picket line and dug rifle pits. 
Near morning the regiment was relieved, having lost of the few 
taken into action seven killed and 14 wounded. 

Colonel Tilton took command of the brigade next day, and on 
the 20th the Twenty-second with other troops were ordered to the 
rear, but not to rest. On the day following a movement was made 
toward the left, reaching the Jerusalem Plank road and intending 
to strike the "VVeldon railroad, but the latter portion of the pro- 
gramme failed. The Confederates delivered a severe counter at- 
tack at night of the 22d, and the regiment, called on to assist its 
endangered comrades, was engaged more or less through the night, 
losing three wounded. During the next few days it had a peculiarly 
trying experience, being marched back and forth to different points, 
the ground being intolerably dry and dusty. About the close of the 
month, however, it was assigned to duty in the trenches and on the 
picket line, and this continued with little interruption for six weeks. 

The regiment was selected on the 8th of August for guard duty 
at City Point, and remained thus employed until the expiration of 
its term of service. On the 23d of September, news was received 
of the death from wounds of Captain Robert T. Bourne of Boston, 
as inspector general on the brigade staff at the front, — the last loss of 
the regiment in battle. Orders were received on the 3d of October to 
prepare for the return to Massachusetts for muster out, the mem- 
bers of the regiment on detached service were called in, the 181 re- 
enlisted men and recruits transferred to the Thirty-second Massa- 
chusetts Regiment, and with a total of about 125 enlisted men the 
command embarked on the transport Kennebec for Washington. 
Landing there on the following day, cars were taken for Boston, 
and soon after midnight on the morning of the 10th the regiment 
marched through the familiar streets. During the day it received a 
warm reception, after which the members were furloughed for a 
Aveek, reassembling on the 17th for muster out. No regiment had 
a prouder record ; and it is claimed that its percentage of killed 
in action was the largest of any regiment from the state. 



THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-third Regiment was organized at Lynnfield, the 
first muster of the enlisted men taking place on the 28th of 
September, 1861, and detachments being added from time to 
time during the following month. The line officers were commis- 
sioned from the 8tli of October, and the organization of the lield 
and staff was completed on the 24th, with this roster : — 

. Colonel, John Kurtz of Boston ; lieutenant colonel, Henry Merritt 
of Salem ; major, Andrew Elwell of Gloucester; surgeon, George 
Derby of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Silas E. Stone of Walpole; chap- 
lain, Jonas Bowen Clark of Swampscott ; adjutant, John G. Cham- 
bers of Medford ; quartermaster, Joseph A. Goldthwait ; sergeant 
major, Daniel H. Johnson, Jr.; quartermaster sergeant, Stephen P. 
Driver; commissary sergeant, Joshua C. Goodale, all of Salem; hos- 
pital steward, J. M. Tourtelotte of Worcester; leader of band, Henry 
C. Brown of Boston. 

Company A — Cai)tain, Ethan A. P. Brewster ; first lieutenant, 
Charles S. Emmerton; second lieutenant, George A. Fisher, all of 
Salem. 

Company B — Captain, Knott V. Martin; first lieutenant, Thomas 
Russell; second lieutenant, John Goodwin, Jr., all of Marblehead. 

Company C, Gloucester — Captain, Addison Center; first lieutenant, 
Edward A. Story; second lieutenant, Fitz J. Babson. 

Company D, ^'ew Bedford — Captain, Cornelius Ilowland, Jr.; first 
lieutenants, Samuel C. Hart; second lieutenant, Anthony Lang. 

Company E, Davis Guards— Captain, William B. Alexander; first 
lieutenant, Otis Rogers, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Thomas 
B. Atwood of Abington. 

Company F, Salem — Captain, George M. Whipple; first lieutenant, 
Charles II. Bates; second lieutenant, George R. Emmerton. 

Company G, Beverly — Captain, John W. J^aymond; first lieutenant, 
Henry P. Woodbury; second lieutenant, Daniel W. Hammond. 

Company H — Captain, Wesley C. Sawyer of Harvard; first lieutenant, 
William L. Kent; second lieutenant, Peter II. Niles, both of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, John Hobbs of Ipswich; first lieutenant, 
William I. Creasey of Newburyport; second lieutenant, David P. 
Muzzey of Cambridge. 



3G0 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company K — Captain, Carlos A. Hart; first lieutenant, John Little- 
field, both of Foxboro; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Barnard of 
South Reading. 

The regiment, with others being recruited in the state at that 
time, was intended for the " Burnsidfe Expedition," then being 
organized, and on the lltli of November left its camp at Lynnfield 
for the rendezvous at Annapolis, going by rail via Boston to Fall 
River, where it embarked on the steamers State of Maine and 
Metropolis for New York. Then cars were again taken, and the 
journey was continued by Philadelphia to Perryville, where there 
was a wait for transportation. That was finally supplied in the 
form of small steamers by which the right wing of the regiment 
was taken to Annapolis, being quartered at first in the Naval 
Academy and then in St. John's College. The left wing followed 
in a day or two, and the command being reunited on the 16th went 
into Camp John A. Andrew on the outskirts of the city. It was 
mustered into the United States service on the 5th of December 
and was made a part of the First Brigade under (Jeneral John O. 
Foster, its fellow-regiments being the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth 
and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut. 

The regiment left its camp on the morning of the 6th of Janu- 
ary, 1862, embarking during the day on the schooner Highlander 
and the steamer Hussar, one man being accidentally killed while 
waiting for embarkation. The command remained crowded on the 
transports till the 9th, when sail was made for Fortress Monroe 
under convoy of gun-boats, and after a short stop in Hampton 
Roads the fleet proceeded toward its destination on the North Caro- 
lina coast. Adverse winds and storms delayed the passage. The 
Highlander was forced to cut loose from the Hussar on the 12th, 
and it was not till the loth that the two wings were reunited within 
Hatteras Inlet, and not till the 22d that the "• Swash " was crossed 
into Pamlico Sound. Two weeks passed l)efore the preparations 
were completed for the movement against Roanoke Island, but on 
the 5th of February the transports and gun-boats destined for the 
enterprise set sail, and on the afternoon of the 7th the troops landed 
without opposition, the Twenty-third — with the exception of Com- 
pany E, detailed to assist in working the gun-boat Hussar — being 
among the first on shore. 

That night the regiment bivouacked in the mud near the shore, 



TUE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 361 

a storm prevailing, and next morning began the advance. Coming 
undiM- fire, it at first assisted in the support of the few pieces of 
Union artillery engaged, suffering most of its loss while in that 
])Osition. Later it was moved by the right flank into a dense swamp 
and made its way with great difficulty, practically every man for him- 
self, through a tangle which the Confederates had considered utterly 
impenetrable, till at length detached squads made their appearance 
on the left flank of the rebel position and opened fire, completing 
the demoralization of the enemy, who began to retreat. The 
Twentj^-third took part in the pursuit, and when it was over, the 
Confederates htiving been cut off and surrendering, bivouacked in 
the captured barracks, which were rechristened Camp Foster, in 
honor of the brigadier whose command had done so much for tlie 
success of the day. The loss of the Twenty-third had been Lieu- 
tenant Goodwin killed and two members of his company mortally 
wounded, with eight others less severely hurt. 

"After four weeks of comparative inactivity the orders for em- 
barkation came and the regiment went aboard the Highlander 
and the Gideon, though it was not till the lltli of March that the 
fleet set sail for the Neuse river. The men landed at Slocum's 
Creek, 15 miles from Newbcrn, on the 13th, the Twenty-third get- 
ting ashore about noon and at once marching inland. This proved 
very trying, as a heavy rain set in and the roads were very bad ; 
but by dint of great exertion the regiment bivouacked within about 
a mile and a half of the enemy's works. The storm continued dur- 
ing the night and next morning was still raging when the advance 
began. The enemy's fire was soon encountered, when line of battle 
was formed, the Twenty-third taking a position to the left of the 
Twenty-seventh in the woods which they held with slight changes 
to avoid an enfilading fire till a charge was ordered, in which they 
took part. The Confederates being speedily routed, the regiment 
was soon after taken across the Trent river and encamped on the 
Fair Grounds, formerly occupied by a North Carolina regiment. 
During the battle a 12-pounder howitzer commanded by Captain 
Dayton of the Highlander was ably manned by volunteers from the 
Twenty-third, who had dragged it through the mud from the land- 
ing to the scene of the battle. The regiment lost seven killed in 
the action, including Lieutenant Colonel Merritt who was struck by a 
cannon shot, and 47 wounded, five fatally. Captain Sawyer lost a leg. 



362 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

General Biirnside's cummtmd was on the 5tli of April reorgan- 
ized as an Army Corps (afterward known as the Ninth) of three 
divisions, the Twenty-third Regiment forming part of the First Bri- 
gade, First Division. The Brigade was commanded by Colonel T. 
J. C. Amory of the Seventeenth Massachusetts, and was composed 
in addition to his own regiment and the Twenty-third of the Twenty- 
fifth Massachusetts and Sixth New Hampshire ; General Foster 
commanded the division. The health of the regiment having suf- 
fered severely, it was ordered to encamp at Batchelder's Creek, 
eight miles from Xewbei-n, which it did on the 11th of April, forming 
an outpost. The Confederate cavalry lurked in the neighborhood, 
and there was scarcely a day without more or less skirmishing on 
the picket line, while the main part of the regiment was engaged 
in rebuilding the railroad bridge at the Creek ; a picket post of 
Company E being surprised by a large force of hostile cavalry on 
the 29th, one was killed and his three comrades were captured, the 
enemy disappearing before the reserves could reach the scene. On 
the 4th of May the regiment was advanced some four miles to Red 
House, where it remained till the 7th, when it marched by wings to 
Newbern to relieve the Twenty-fifth as provost guard. This position 
it maintained during the summer, and till early in November of 
that year, details from its members taking part in various minor 
expeditions during tlie time. 

Many changes occurred in the roster of officers during this period. 
Following the death of Lieutenant Colonel Mcrritt, Major Elwell 
was promoted to the vacancy and Adjutant Chambers became major. 
Besides the commissioned officers lost in battle, two died of disease 
during 1862 — Captain Thomas Russell December .8 and Second 
Lieutenant Westover Greenleaf of Gloucester August 11. Five 
comi)anies of the regiment took part in the raid by way of Williams- 
ton and Hamilton to near Tarboro, from October 30 to November 
11, gathering in about 50 prisoners and a (piantity of horses, mules 
and other supplies, but meeting no serious opposition. Colonel 
Kurtz commanded the garrison of Newbern during the absence of 
the expedition, and on its return much excitement was found over, 
the report that the Confederates were approaching the city in force. 
A column of which the other five comi)anics of the Twenty-third 
formed part was moved out to Batchelder's Creek next morning, 
Major Chambers in command, but no foe being discovered it returned 



THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 363 

to Newbcrn the same day. On the 22d the regiment was relieved 
as provost guard by the Seventeenth and next day Colonel Kurtz 
resigned, leaving the regiment under command of Major Chambers, 
Lieutenant Colonel Elwell being temporarily disabled by an accident. 
These two officers were each promoted one grade in due time, Cap- 
tain Brewster being made major. Camp Pendleton was established 
some two miles south of Newbern and three companies were sent 
out for picket duty at different points, though rejoining the regi- 
ment in time for the Goldsboro expedition which began on the 
10th of December. 

On that movement the Twenty-third first met the enemy at 
Southwest Creek on the 13th and were slightly engaged, though 
without other loss than one or two wounded. After the fighting 
had ended the regiment was sent on to within three miles of Kins- 
ton, being attached to General Wessells's Brigade. It bivouacked 
without fires near the enemy's lines, and next morning the battle 
of Kinston began. The part taken by the Twenty-third was prin- 
cipally that of supporting the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania at the left 
of the Union line and receiving the surrender of 63 members of 
the Twenty-third South Carolina, the loss being but two wounded, 
one fatally. That night the regiment crossed the Neuse river to 
Kinston, but returned to the right bank next morning and led the 
coluimi in its advance toward Goldsboro. It was at the rear of its 
brigade next day, when the sharp action at Whitehall occurred, l)ut 
as it came upon the ground was directed to support the skirmish 
line which was firing across the river — a narrow but deep st^-eam. 
Coming into line at the edge of an open field the regiment marched 
across it with the precision of 'a review movement, to the fringe of 
forest on the edge of the stream, opened fire and maintained it. for 
an hour till the cartridge-boxes were empty ; then marched com- 
posedly back, leaving on the field or in the surgeons' hands 10 killed 
and 52 Avounded, six of the latter mortally. 

The march Avas continued after the battle, and next day the vicin- 
ity of Goldsboro was reached, where some sharp fighting took place 
and the railroad bridge was burned — the main object of the expedi- 
tion ; which having been accomplished the column retraced its steps 
toward Newbern. That place was reached on the 21st, after an 
absence of 12 days, many of the men l)eing barefoot on account of 
scarcity of shoes. No further movement occurred till the 13th of 



364 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

January, 1863, when the regiment was ordered to Carolina City by- 
rail and encamped on Bogue Sound, the location being named Camp 
Heckman in honor of the brigade commander, Brigadier General 
C. A. Heckman. This brigade consisted in addition of the Xinth 
New Jersey, Eighty-first and Ninety-eighth New York, and was des- 
tined for the South Carolina coast. 

The camp was quitted on the afternoon of the 10th, and passing 
one night in unoccupied houses at ]\[orehead City the regiment em- 
barked on the transport James Morton, a heavy -draught sailing 
vessel. The bar was finally crossed on the 31st, and an eventless 
sail brought the command to Port Royal, whence on the 10th of 
February the ship was towed across to St. Helena Island and the 
regiment debarked the next day, establishing Camp Russell, named 
in honor of Captain Russell who had recently died. General Heck- 
man being temporarily placed in command of a division, the brigade 
was for a time commanded by Colonel De Forrest and afterward by 
General T. G. Stevenson. "While quartered at Camp Russell the 
regiment suffered somewhat from insubordination, but by prompt 
measures the usual good discipline was re-established. 

On the 3d and 4th of April the brigade re-embarked under com- 
mand of General Heckman, two companies of the Twenty-third on 
the Morton and the remainder on the steamer United States, and 
on the 5th set sail again for North Carolina, going at that time no 
farther than the mouth of the Edisto river, where the fleet lay till 
the 11th, when it was ordered back to Hilton Head. Most of the 
men ^debarked and encamped on shore, but were soon embarked 
again, and on the 14th set sail for Morehead City. The voyage 
was rough and its termination especially so, but at midnight of the 
17th the brigade was ashore, the detachment on the Morton having 
been blown out to sea and being the last to land. The main part 
of the Twenty-third had already gone by rail to Newborn, and after 
resting there one night set off with the brigade for the relief of 
Little Washington. Finding the siege raised, the column returned 
by the steamer Phoenix to Newborn on the 21st, where the two 
missing companies were found, and on the 2oth the regiment went 
•by rail to Carolina City and reoccupied Camp Heckman, renaming 
it Camp Dale in honor of the surgeon general of Massachusetts. 

This camp was occupied till the early days of July, various de- 
tails, mostly of companies, being made from the regiment for picket 



THE TWENTY-TIIIED REGIMENT. 365 

and garrison duty diiriiig the time. With the exception of Com- 
pany D, wliich was garrisoning Fort Spinola near Newbern, the 
regiment gathered at that city July 2, and on the 4th joiiied the 
expedition under General Hcckman to Trenton, which place was 
reached on the 5th. There the infantry halted while the cavalry 
felt the country in advance, and on the 7th the Twenty-third were 
ordered with two pieces of artillery to Wilcox Bridge, three miles 
in advance. On reaching the place a party of Confederate cavalry 
was encountered and a lively skirmish ensued, during which Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Chambers and one enlisted man of the Twenty-third 
were wounded. The enemy was soon driven out of sight, and the 
Union cavalry presently appearing the expedition returned to New- 
bern, where the regiment remained during the summer and autumn, 
with no movement of importance, though detached parties were 
frequently sent forth to scour the outlying country. 

The regiment left Newbern October 16, going by rail to Morehead 
City where it embarked on the steamer Maple Leaf and next day 
sailed for Fortress Monroe, landing there on the 19th and establish- 
ing Camp Derby — named in honor of the regimental surgeon — near 
Newport News. There the early winter passed. Re-enlistments 
began late in November ; over 200 members of the regiment re- 
enlisted and about the middle of January, 1864, left for Massachu- 
setts on a month's furlough under command of Captain Raymond. 
About this time General Heckman was ordered to Getty's Line near 
Portsmouth, Va., and the Twenty-third were soon ordered to report 
to him there. Embarking on the steamer Escort late in the evening 
of the 22d, the regiment landed at Portsmouth next day and occu- 
pied a camp just vacated and burned by the Sixteenth Connecticut, 
located about three miles from the town, which when reconstructed 
was aj)|)ropriately designated Camp Phcjenix. The infantry force at 
that point was known as the Third Brigade and consisted in addition 
to the Twenty-third of the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire, 
Foui'th Rhode Island and Ninth New Jersey, and was commanded 
by Colonel Steere of the Rhode Island regiment. In the early part 
of March, after the re-enlisted men had returned from their fur- 
lough, there was a week of frequent alarms and some skirmishing 
occurred about the outposts, but nothing of importance transpired 
till the 13th of April. 

On that day Colonel Elwell, complying with a special order, took 



366 MASSACUUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 

his rccriment by rail to Portsmouth, eml)arked on the steamer John 
W. 1). Pentz and convoyed by a gun-boat sailed up the James river, 
landing next morning nine miles above Smithfield and marching 
toward the town. Three miles out the enemy was encountered but 
speedily gave way, and two miles further on was found in a stronger 
position, but again driven back. Half a mile beyond a hostile force 
in rear of a mill-pond disputed the further advance of the column, 
but Captain Raynjond with a platoon of Company G charged across 
the narrow roadway and drove out the foe, capturing a few prison- 
ers. Colonel Elwell decided to press the expedition no further and 
withdrew the column, making his way back to the river at Fort 
Boykin, closely followed by the Confederate cavalry. By the aid 
of a gun-boat, the regiment was taken to its steamer and next morn- 
ing returned to Portsmouth, having lost five wounded, two mortally, 
one of whom was captured and died at Libby Prison. 

About this time the Army of the James, under command of Gen- 
eral B. F. Butler, was organized, being composed of the Tenth and 
Eighteenth Army Corps. General Heckman's command was known 
as the First Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps, and was 
also designated as the Red Star Brigade. It consisted of the Twenty- 
third, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts and Ninth 
New Jersey Regiments. On the 26th of April the Twenty-third cm- 
barked on transports at Portsmouth and were taken to Yorktown, 
where General Butler was organizing his forces, and on the 4th of 
May went by water to Fortress Monroe. The fleet having gathered 
there, set sail the following morning and ascended the James river 
to a point two miles above City Point, where debarkation was rapidly 
made. Companies B and H of the Twenty-third were among the 
first on shore, deploying as skirmishers and advancing some two 
miles inland to guard against surprise from the enemy. The land- 
ing having been completed, the column moved forward the next 
morning some five miles, where the famous line of intrenchments 
in front of Bermuda Hundred was begun. That afternoon and 
again the following day the regiment went forward, feeling the posi- 
tion of the enemy, but taking no active part and meeting no loss. 
These were the engagements known as Port Walthal Junction or 
Mary Dunn's Farm, but on the 9th of May at the battle of Arrow- 
field Church or Swift Creek the Twenty-third were called into more 
active service. Setting out in the morning, a considerable force 



THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 367 

under (General W. F. Smith, of which the Red Star Brigade formed 
part, followed the Richmond road toward Petersburg till the enemy 
was encountered in considerable force near Arrowfield Church. 
General Ileckman was ordered to dislodge him, and formed his bri- 
gade in two lines, the Twenty-third supporting the Twenty-fifth on 
the left side of the road. As the brigade advanced it met a sharp 
fire, and ])resently the Confederates charged the front line. They 
were met by a well-delivered volley Avhich staggered them, and a 
bayonet charge by the second line sent them back to their works, 
in front of which the men of Massachusetts paused as night was at 
hand. The position was held till 10 o'clock next day, when the 
Fortieth Massachusetts relieved the Twenty -third, which were 
ordered to the rear and back to the intrenchments, to guard against 
a rumored attack. The loss of the regiment liad been five wounded. 
The ill-fated movement toward Richmond Avhicli ended in the 
disaster of Drcwry's Bluff began on the 12th, the Army of the 
James working its way forward almost by inches till it occupied the 
outer line of Confederate defenses in front of Drewry's Bluff. 
Heckman's Brigade occupied the extreme Union right, in single 
line, with still an unoccupied space of more than a mile between 
its unprotected right flank and the river. The Ninth New Jersey 
were on the extreme flank ; with the Twenty-third, the Twenty- 
seventh and Twenty-fifth continuing the line to the left. In this 
position, on the morning of the IGth, in a very dense fog, the Con- 
federates in heavy force assaulted the weak line. Their front at- 
tacks were repeatedly repulsed, till a brigade of Alabamians passed 
around the flank and came up in the rear of Heckman's command. 
Further resistance in that position was then out of the question, 
and the fragments of the regiment which could be extricated were 
taken to the rear and a new line formed under the direction of Gen- 
eral Smith, the corps commander. Finally the success of the enemy 
was stayed, but the decimation of the Star Brigade had been terri- 
ble. Out of about 220 taken into action, the Twenty-third had 13 
killed, 20 were reported wounded, ten of them fatally, and 51 others 
were captured, 37 of Avhom died in prison. Among the mortally 
wounded were Lieutenant Colonel Chambers, who commanded the 
regiment on that day, and First Lieutenant Richard P. Wheeler of 
Salem, who was serving on General Heckman's staff'. General 
Heckman himself was among the captured. 



368 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The battle of Drewry's Bluff ended the advance of the Army 
of the James toward Richmond, and it at once retired to the strong 
line of defenses at Bermuda Hundred. Some ten days were passed 
there in strengthening the fortifications and on picket duty, when 
the Twenty-third with its brigade, to which the Fifty-fifth Pennsyl- 
vania was attached, formed part of the provisional corps detached 
for the reinforcement of the Army of the Potomac. It marched 
to City Point on the 28th, embarked on transports the following 
morning and sailed to White House on the Pamunkey. Eight com- 
panies landed there on the 31st and at once took up the march as 
directed, reaching New Castle Ferry the following forenoon only to 
find that by a blunder they had been sent there when they should 
have gone to New Cold Harbor. The error could only be rectified 
by another march through the broiling sun, and it was late in the 
afternoon when the corps, in conjunction with the Sixth, found itself 
in line of battle confronting the enemy at Cold Harbor. At first 
the Twenty-third supported the Fifty-fifth in a charge, then occupied 
rifle-pits further to the right for 24 hours, and during the night of 
the 2d of June were deployed along a road guarding communica- 
tion with the Fifth Corps. 

Early the following morning the regiment returned to its former 
position and at once moved to the left and joined in the general as- 
sault on the Confederate lines. The brigade was massed by divis- 
ions, the Twenty-third being the third regiment in the column, and 
imder the efficient command of General George J. Stannard ad- 
vanced heroically until close to the enemy's line ; but it was impos- 
sible to reach their works, and the shattered command finally de- 
sisted, the Twenty-third having lost five killed, 40 wounded — four 
mortally, and two captured. Among the wounded were Major 
Brewster and Adjutant Sherman. General Stannard was also 
struck, and every member of his staff was killed or wounded. Six 
companies only of the regiment had part in the charge, but the 
others soon joined the command and served with it till evening of 
the 12th, when the trenches Avcre quitted and the corps marched 
toward the transports at Wliite House. 

For a few days after landing at Point of Hocks the regiment was 
attached to a provisional brigade under Colonel Barton, taking part 
on the 18th in a movement to cut communication between Richmond 
and Pctersbunr, but without casualtv, and on the 20th Avas ordered 



THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 369 

back to the Star Brigade, which next day crossed the Appomattox 
and took position in the trenches before Petersburg. There the 
regiment remained till the 25th of August, dividing its time between 
the front line and those further to the rear, all of which were un- 
comfortable and dangerous enough, having during the time six men 
killed and ten wounded by sharp-shooters, and two captured. It 
then recrossed the Appomattox to the Bermuda Hundred lines, 
where it remained for more than a week, being on the 4th of vSeptem- 
ber ordered to the landing en route for Newbern, where it arrived 
on the 10th and relieved troops of the Ninth Vermont Regiment. 
Four companies were stationed at Evans Mills, two at Croatan Sta- 
tion and two at Fort Spinolaon the Neuse river, while the remainder 
encamped near by, the location being designated as Camp Cham- 
bers, in honor of the late lieutenant colonel. On the journey to 
Newbern ten men were left behind at Norfolk, who in attempting to 
follow next day by the Chesapeake and Albemarle canal were fired 
upon by bushwackers, one being killed and another severely wounded, 
while the remainder were made prisoners. In addition to this loss, 
one man was drowned from the steamer transporting the regiment. 

Numerous changes occurred in the list of officers daring the 
period now under consideratipn. Chaplain Clark, who had resigned 
some time before, was succeeded during May by Lewis L. Record of 
Gloucester. Captain Raymond, who had been in command of the 
regiment most of the time since Cold Harbor, was promoted late in 
August to the lieutenant colonelcy. Colonel ElwcU was discharged 
for disability on the 20th of September. Two days later, the original 
term of enlistment of the regiment being about to expire, those who 
had not re-enlisted were ordered to Massachusetts, where they were 
nmstered out October 13. It was at first intended to consolidate 
the recruits and re-enlisted men into a battalion of three companies, 
and orders to that effect were issued by General Ilarland, command- 
ing the brigade, but this was afterward countermanded and the 
organization of ten companies continued, retaining the regimental 
name. Lieutenant Colonel Raymond commanded, his staff com- 
prising Surgeon Samuel C. Whittier of Boston, Quartermaster Henry 
B. Peirce of Abington, and the chaplain ; the line ofiicers consisted 
of two captains and four first lieutenants. 

The autumn and winter passed (piictly, the Twenty-third not being 
called into active service ; but it met a more dreaded foe in the 



370 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

yellow fever -which prevailed at Newbern during the fall. At least 
14 members of the regiment, and perhaps more, died from the dis- 
ease. The approach of Sherman's army through the Carolinas, and 
the opening of lines of communication from Morehead City via 
Newbern and Kinston to Goldsboro, called the troops in that vicin- 
ity into the held early in March, 1865, for the final operations of 
the war. On the 7th, Palmer's division marched toward Kinston, 
and that evening found the Twenty-third in position at the extreme 
right of the Union line of battle, the enemy in strong force having 
been encountered three miles from Kinston. The regiment was 
separated from the rest of the line by a swamp, and when the left 
was broken and forced back by the fierce Confederate attack on the 
8th, Colonel Raymond failed for some time to receive the order to 
retire and maintained his position, being reinforced by a battalion 
of the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, though his command 
was greatly outnumbered. After the line had been re established 
the regiment moved to the left and then back to its former position, 
rendering valuable assistance in repulsing the repeated attacks by 
the enemy, and after the latter were finally defeated marched into 
Kinston where it was detailed to guard the railroad bridge over the 
Neuse. Its loss in the battle was thr^e killed and ten wounded of 
the regiment proper, and about an equal number from detachments 
serving with it. 

It remained on duty at Kinston till the 2d of May, when it was 
ordered to Newbern to take charge of Camp Distribution, relieving 
a small force of the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, and a few days 
later, the camp being practically broken uj), was transferred to New- 
bern as provost guard. Colonel Raymond being provost marshal. 
This line of duty continued till the 15th of June, when the final 
muster rolls were made, and on the 25th the regiment was mustered 
out of the United States service by Captain J. D. Parker. It went 
the same day l)y rail to Morehead City and took the steamer General 
Meigs to New York, thence by steamer to New Haven and by rail to 
Boston, where it arrived June 29. It went into camp at Rcadville 
till the 12th of July, when the members were paid and discharged. 



THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 



THE Tweiitv-fourtli Rogiinent was known as the New England 
Guards llegiment, from tlie fact of its having hccn consider- 
ably an outgrowth of the Fourth or New England Guards 
Battalion of the state militia, wliich furnished most of the officers 
of the regiment, its Major Stevenson naturally being made the com- 
manding officer of the new organization. The rendezvous was at 
Camp ]\Iassasoit, Readville, where the recruits were mustered from 
time to time, beginning early in September, 1861. The line officers 
were commissioned September 2, the field and staff two or three 
days sooner. The officers were from Boston except when otherwise 
designated in the following roster: — 

Colone], Thomas G. Stevenson ; lieutenant colonel, Francis A. 
Osborn ; major, Robert H. Stevenson; surgeon, Samuel A. Green; 
assistant surgeon, Hall Curtis; chaplain, W. R. G. Mellon of Glouces- 
ter; adjutant, John F. Anderson; quartermaster. William Vincent 
Hutchings of Gloucester; sergeant major, Frank W. Loring; quarter- 
master sergeant, James Thompson; commissary sergeant, Parmenas 
E. Wheeler; hospital steward, John H. McGregor; leader of band, 
Patrick S. Gilmore. 

Company A — Captain, William F. Redding of East Boston; first 
lieutenant, James H. Turner of Medford; second lieutenant, Horatio 
D. Jarvcs. 

Company B — Captain, George F. Austin; first lieutenant, George 
W. Gardner, both of Salem; second lieutenant, Deniing Jarves, Jr. 

Company C — Captain, William Pratt ; first lieutenant, James B. 
Bell of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Nathaniel S. BarstoAv. 

Company D — Captain, John T. Prince, Jr.; first lieutenant, John 
N. Partridge; second lieutenant, Thomas M. Sweet. 

Company E — Captain, Charles II. Hooper; first lieutenant, Charles 
A, Folsom; second lieutenant, Daniel T. Sargent. 

Company F — Captain. Robert F. Clark; first lieutenant, Charles B. 
Aniory of Jamaica Plain; second lieutenant, John C. Jones, Jr., of 
Jamaica Plain. 



372 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company G — Captain, Edward C. Richardson ; first lieutenant 
Albert Ordway of Dorchester; second lieutenant, James M, Barnard. 

Company H — Captain, John Daland ; first lieutenant, James B. 
Xichols, both of Salem; second lieutenant, Charles G. Ward of Grafton. 

Company I — Captain, J. Lewis Stackpole of Cambridge: first lieu- 
tenant, James A, Perkins; second lieutenant, William L. Horton. 

Company K — Captain, J. Crosby Maker; first lieutenant, Mason A. 
Rea; second lieutenant, Thomas F. Edmands. 

The regiment remained in camp till the 9th of December, when 
it set forth under directions to report to General Burnside at An- 
napolis. On reaching that city it was attached to the First Brigade, 
commanded by General J. G. Foster, for whom its camp was named. 
The other regiments of the brigade were the Twenty -third. Twenty- 
fifth and Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut. 
It remained at Camp Foster till the 6th of January, 1862, w^hen 
it went on board transports and on the 9th sailed with the rest of 
the expedition under General Burnside. The Twenty-fourth ex- 
perienced its full share of suffering from the storms which de- 
layed the expedition at Hatteras Inlet, where it was exposed from 
the 13th of January till the 5th of February. It became necessary 
to land part of the regiment so that the vessel could be got over 
the "sw^ash" at the Inlet, and uncomfortable as was the position of 
those on board, the detachment on shore fared even worse. Soon 
after their landing a gale arose which continued for six days, de- 
molishing tents, drenching and chilling the men and exposing them 
to many dangers, as well as causing great suffering for the want of 
food. The soldiers being once more aboard and the fleet Avithin the 
sound, sail was made for Roanoke Island, where they landed and a 
battle was fought on the morning of the 8th. The steamer Admiral 
having the Twenty-fourth aboard got aground on the afternoon of 
the 7th so that it was necessary next morning to transfer the regi- 
ment to the steamers Union and Eagle for landing — Company C 
having been detailed for service on the gun-boat \"idette, where it 
remained during the battle. The nuiin body of the regiment, 
through the accident to its transport, was thus unable to reach the 
scene of the action till just before the capture of the Confederate 
■works. Colonel Stevenson with seven companies had hurried for- 
ward on landing without waiting for two comjianies under Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Osborn on the Eagle, and after the cajjture was ordered 
by General Foster to take the advance in pursuit of the enemy 



THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 373 

toward their camp at the north end of the island. General Foster 
accompanied the reg'iment, and on nearing the camp was met Ijj a 
flag of truce asking a suspension of hostilities. Unconditional sur- 
render was demanded and Major Stevenson was sent forward to 
bring back the answer. The Confederates agreeing to capitulate, 
two companies were detached to scour the shore and pick up fugi- 
tives attempting to escape, Avhile the remaining companies jjushed 
directly forward to receive the surrender, which was duly made to 
Colonel Stevenson. The detailed companies also brought in about 
170 prisoners captured from boats and in the woods. The force 
under Lieutenant Colonel Osborn, after assisting during the day in 
bringing up ammunition from the landing, joined the main body in 
the evening. 

The regiment remained on the island till the 11th of March, a 
detachment of three companies going on an eventless expedition to 
Columbia, N. C, on the 8th and 9th of that month. It then went 
ahoard the transports Guide and Vedette and joined the movement 
against Newbern. Ascending the Xeuse river to Slocum's Creek, a 
landing was made there on the morning of the 13th, and the ad- 
vance toward Newbern, 18 miles distant, w?s at once begun. On 
reaching the railroad the Twenty -fourth took the lead and pressed 
forward till near the hostile works, five or six miles from the city, 
when with four companies thrown forward on picket the regiment 
halted for the night. A rain-storm which prevailed not only made 
the roads very difficult but sadly interfered with the usefulness of 
the muskets of the command when the engagement opened next 
morning. The Confederate cavalry appearing with daylight, they 
were fired upon and the advance of the Union troops immediately 
began. On coming in sight of the intrenchments, Colonel Stevenson 
formed his regiment on the right of the road in line of battle, took 
position in the edge of the clearing facing the works and opened 
fire. This continued for some two hours, the line holding its posi- 
tion without shrinking, though under a heavy fire from the front and 
an artillery lire from the flank. Then an advance Avas ordered and 
the regiment was soon inside the works which the Confederates had 
practically abandoned at the Federal approach. The loss of the 
Twenty-fourth had been ten killed and 45 wounded. On gaining 
the works Company B was detailed as a garrison, the rest of the 
reghnont i)ushing on to the Trent river, across which it was ferried, 



374 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

taking possession of the Confederate camp on the Fair Grounds 
near the city, which was rechristened Camp Lee, in honor of Lion- 
tenant Colonel Lee of Governor Andrew's staff. 

Four companies made a reconnaissance toward Beaufort on the 
18th, and the following day the regiment sailed for Little "Washing- 
ton, reaching there on the 20th, when three companies landed and 
took possession of the town, raising the Stars and Stripes over the 
court-house. The return to Newborn was made on the 22d, and 
three days later six companies set out on an expedition up the Neuse, 
which was rendered fruitless by the difficult navigation. During 
most of the month of April the regiment was stationed five or six 
miles from the cit}^ on the Neuse road as an outpost, and after re- 
turning to the old camp one company was sent on the 1st of May 
to Little Washington, where an attempt was being made to organize 
a regiment of loyal North Carolinians. This company was rein- 
forced by two others on the 12th, and the balance of the regiment 
followed on the 3d of June, reaching the town at night of the 4th. 
A force of Confederates under Colonel Singletary was threatening 
the town by way of the Greenville road, and on the morning of the 
5th Lieutenant Colonel Osborn with eight companies of his regi- 
ment, one of the Third New York Cavalry and a section of artillery 
set out to deliver an attack before the enemy should be aware of 
the reinforcements having arrived at Washington. Singletary's 
force was found at Tranter's Creek, some nine miles out, advantage- 
ously posted on the other side of the stream with the bridge torn 
up. The Union infantry and artillery were at once brought into 
action, taking a position at short range of the almost unseen enemy, 
and within half an hour, though the location of the Twenty-fourth 
was unfavorable for efficient firing, the Confederates had been driven 
from their position. The regiment returned to its quarters at 
Washington that evening, having lost in the operations of the day 
six killed and six wounded. 

Previous to this, a reorganization had been made of the troops in 
the Department of North Carolina, by which General Foster became 
commander of a division, known rs the First, comi)osed of two bri- 
gades of three regiments each. The Second Brigade, commanded 
by Colonel Stevenson, consisted of his own regiment, witli Ihe Tenth 
Connecticut and Twenty-scvciit h Massachusetts. The Twenty-fourth 
remained at Washington till the close of the month, when Ihcy Avere 



THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 375 

ordered back to Newborn, arrivino' there on the SOtli, but an intended 
advance into the interior was abandoned on account of the disaster 
to the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula, by which General 
Burnside with a large part of his command was summoned to 
another field of operation. On the 8th of July Companies B and D 
were ordered back to Washington, remaining there till the 12th of 
October, when they returned to Newbern, having taken part in the 
defense of Washington on the Gth, losing one man killed and five 
wounded, but repulsing the enemy. Meanwhile the main body of the 
regiment, seven companies, accompanied by artillery, the whole 
under command of Colonel Stevenson, proceeded on the 13th of 
August by seven light draft steamers to Bogue Inlet, where two salt 
works of some importance were destroyed, without casualty on the 
part of the expedition. 

The regiment was again ordered to Little Washington on the 30th 
of October, where a force was gathering for an expedition inland, 
and on the morning of the 2d of November the column started 
across country toward Williamston on the Roanoke river. There was 
some sharp skirmishing toward evening, and more during the night, 
in which the Twenty-fourth had one man killed, but the advance 
was not seriously delayed. Williamston was reached next day, and 
on the 4th the deserted works below Hamilton, some miles further 
up the river, were entered. The column then turned across country 
toward Tarboro on the Tar river, making one day's march, after 
which it countermarched back over the route as far as Williamston, 
going thence to Plymouth, near the mouth of the Roanoke, where 
the Twenty -fourth took transportation for Newbern, arriving there 
on the 11th. Companies C and H had remained on picket duty 
near Newbern during the absence of the rest of the regiment, and 
on the night of the 11th Company H, stationed at Batchelder's 
Creek, were attacked, the outposts driven in and one man killed and 
one wounded. But the determined resistance of the reserve resulted 
in the retreat of the attacking force, and on the 15th the post was 
strengthened by the addition of the eight companies of the Twenty- 
fourth recently returned from Washington. A reconnaissance was 
made across the creek a few days later, driving the enemy's out- 
})Osts across Cure creek, beyond which no event of moment occurred 
till the Goldsboro expedition. 

Many regiments of nine-months' troops had now arrived in the 



37G MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

department, and the brigades were enlarged and reorganized, so that 
Stevenson's at the time of the expedition consisted in addition to 
the Twenty-fourth of the Eighth and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, 
Fifth Rhode IsLand and Tenth Connecticut. The Goldsboro ex- 
pedition started on the morning of the 11th of December, and so 
far as the part taken in it by the Twenty-fourth is concerned it will 
be necessary only to record that it fought the battle of Kinston on 
the 14th, the regiment being in support of Belger's Battery, not 
actively engaged and suffering no casualties. It was ordered in 
pursuit of the retreating Confederates, but that was soon relinquished 
and the march contined. At Whitehall on the 16th an engagement 
was fought across the river, the regiment again in support of the 
battery, having one man killed and several wounded, most of the 
latter slightly. At Goldsboro next day, though there was some 
serious fighting, the Twenty-fourth were not engaged, and the rail- 
road bridge there having been destroyed, the column started for 
home, reaching the camps about Newborn on the evening of the 
20th, having on that day made a march of 30 miles. 

A portion of the North Carolina force was now selected for ope- 
rations looking to the reduction of the city of Charleston, S. C, 
under direction of General David Hunter, commanding the Depart- 
ment of the South, and among the regiments selected was the 
Twenty-fourth, which was kept in a state of readiness till January 
22, 1863. Then the long-awaited orders came, eight companies were 
at once hurried aboard cars and set off for Morehead City, where 
next day they were embarked for the new destination. The detached 
companies arrived on the 26th, and three days later the fleet sailed. 
Six companies on the steamer Guide reached Port Royal on the 
31st, and the four companies aboard the schooner Highlander arrived 
on the 3d of February, landing six days later on St. Helena Island. 
The regiment remained encamped on the island without incident 
of note till near the close of March. There were numerous changes 
in the composition of brigades and other commands during this 
time. The March report shows the regiment to have been a part of 
the Second Brigade, First Division, Detachment Eighteenth Army 
Corjis; l)rigaded with it wore the Tenth Connecticut, Fifty-second 
and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, the acting brigadier 
being Colonel W. W. H. Davis of the last named regiment. Gen- 
eral Orris S. Ferry commanded the division. Colonel Stevenson 



THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 377 

having been promoted to brigadier general dating from the 26th of 
December i)revious, the roster of the liekl officers of the Twenty- 
fourth had been changed by the advancement of Lieutenant Colonel 
Osborn and Major Stevenson to colonel and lieutenant colonel re- 
speetively, Captain Charles H. Hooper being commissioned major. 
The regiment was transferred on the 27th of March to Seabrook 
Island, Edisto Inlet. Three months of severe and monotonous 
picket and fatigue duty followed, the force on the island, commanded 
by General Stevenson, consisting of the Twenty-fourth Massachu- 
setts, Tenth Connecticut, Fifty-sixth New York and Ninety-seventh 
Pennsylvania. On the 6th of July at night, leaving four companies 
on the island under command of Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson, 
Colonel Osborn Avith six companies embarked and landed next 
day on St. Helena Island, but had rested on shore only a few 
hours when they returned to the transport, landed again and 
on the following afternoon re-embarked, finally landing on James 
Island on the morning of the 10th. There a week was passed, 
an engagement taking place on the 16th in which the loss of 
the regiment was one mortally wounded, the fighting being prin- 
cipally with artillery. At night of the 17th the command was 
withdrawn to Morris Island, in anticipation of the attack to be 
made on Fort Wagner the following day. The Twenty-fourth 
took no active part in that assault, and after the sad night which 
witncssed'the vain struggle remained as ])art of the force engaged 
in the siege operations against the fort, being joined on the 21st by 
the four companies from Seabrook. After more than a month of 
very trying labor in the trenches, Colonel Osborn with a portion of 
his regiment was selected on the 26th of August to attempt the 
capture of some Confederate rifle-pits on an elevation in front of 
the fourth parallel of the besiegers. The sortie was made late in 
the afternoon and was entirely successful ; some 200 men dashed 
across to the hostile works, capturing nearly every one of the oc- 
cupants. The rest of the regiment quickly followed with shovels, 
and the whole force set desperately to work intrenching the position, 
which subsequently became the fifth parallel. As soon as the enemy 
comprehended what was being done a heavy fire of case and can- 
ister was opened, by which three were killed, including First Lieu- 
tenant James A. Perkins, and [\yQ wounded. The regiment was re- 
lieved during the night bv the Eiditv-fifth Pennsvlvania. 



37S MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 

'J'lic health of the comuuiiul had suffered greatly during- the summer, 
especiall}^ in the case of those companies which had remained long- 
est on Seabrook Island. The malarial poison, exposure and severe 
duty combined to place more than half of the entire number in the 
Twenty-fourth Regiment on the sick list. But those who were able 
to do so continued to meet the exacting duties of the siege, and when 
the parallels had been carried up to and into the ditch of Fort Wag- 
ner, on the night of the 6th of September, the regiment was selected 
to lead the assault at the rear of the fort. The column had been 
formed when the discovery was made that Wagner was evacuated. 
Being thus relieved from a desperate duty, the regiment was on the 
8th selected for another even more hazardous, being detailed with 
the Tenth Connecticut, both under the command of Coloncd Osborn, 
to attempt the capture of Fort Sumter. The command being em- 
barked in small boats with much difficulty was delayed, so that the 
navy made an attempt before the land troops could be got ready. 
The result showed the fort still strong for defense, and the project 
was abandoned. The health of the regiment rapidly grew worse, 
so that before the close of the month it reported 390 sick and but 
280 for duty. General Gillmore, the department commander, there- 
fore ordered its transfer to a more favorable location ; it sailed on 
the 30th, and October 3 landed at St. Augustine, Fla. Colonel 
Osborn took command of the jjost, ])lacingthe regiment in charge of 
Major Hooper — Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson having some months 
before been detailed on conscript duty in Massachusetts. 

While three of the companies garrisoned Fort Marion, the others 
were quartered in the barracks, and the improvement in health was 
rapid. The winter passed without any event of military importance ; 
there was an occasional excursion into the region roundabout, and 
on the 30th of December a party of wood-chopj)ers were fired upon 
by an ambuscade of Confederate cavalry. Second Lieutenant Oliver 
H. Walker of Boston, in charge of the party, was mortally wounded, 
dying the 3d of January following, while three men of the Twenty- 
fourth, with a much larger number from the Tenth Connecticut, 
were captured. During the winter 415 members of the regijnent 
enlisted for an additional thi-ee years, and on the 13th of February, 
18G4, sailed for Massachusetts for a furlough of 30 days. The re- 
mainder of the regiment was transferred on the 18th to Jackson- 
ville, Fla., where it performed provost duty till the 24tli of April, 



THE TWEyTY-FOURTU REGIMENT. 379 

Colonel Osborn being there also in command of the post. Leaving 
Jacksonville by transport, that part of the regiment landed at 
Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown, Va., on the 1st of May, -where 
the re-enlisted portion ^vas joined and the Twenty-fourth became 
part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Tenth Corps; Colonel II. 
M. Plaisted of the Eleventh Maine commanded the brigade. General 
Alfred H. Terry the division and General Gillmore the corps. The 
regiments brigaded with the Twenty-fourth were the Tenth Con- 
necticut, Eleventh Maine and One Hundredth New York. 

The Army of the James, under command of General Butler, em- 
barked on the 4th of May and two days later landed at Bermuda 
Hundred, which had been chosen as the base of operations. The 
Twenty-fourth took part next day in the movement under General 
Brooks directed against the Richmond and Petersburg railroad, but 
were not engaged, and moved on the 12th with the rest of the army 
toward Richmond. There was fighting on the 13th and 14th in 
which the regiment took part with some loss, but it suffered most 
on the 16th in the battle of Drewry's Bluff when it assisted in re- 
pulsing the repeated attacks of the Confederates, moving back at 
one time to take a new position, owing to the disaster to the Union 
right and then valiantly holding on through the rest of the day till 
night, when General Butler withdrew to his fortifications at Ber- 
muda Hundred. In the series of engagements the Twenty-fourth 
lost First Lieutenants Mason A. Rea and Charles G. Ward and 
Second Lieutenant Edgar Clough of Boston killed ; the total loss 
to the regiment being eight killed, 43 wounded and seven missing. 
First Lieutenant Nathaniel S. Barstow of Boston died of disease on 
the 22d. 

For a month the Army of the James was practically besieged in 
its strong position by the Confederates under General Beauregard, 
but when the latter was called on to send troops for the defense of 
Petersburg againt the Army of the Potomac he abandoned the lines 
in front of Bermuda Hundred. This enabled some of General But- 
ler's forces on the 16th of June 'to reach the Petersburg railroad 
and destroy a part of it, the Twenty-fourth sharing in the movement. 
While the regiment remained at Bermuda Hundred, Lieutenant 
Colonel Stevenson resigned his commission and Major Hooper was 
promoted to the vacancy June 1, Captain Richardson being made 
major. During this time there had been numerous skirmishes on 



380 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and near the picket lines, in which the men of the regiment had 
borne their due part, losing- one killed and ten wounded. The bri- 
gade was thrown to the north liank of the James river on the 20th 
of June, taking position at Deep Bottom, where it remained some 
two months, Lieutenant Colonel Hooper being taken prisoner on 
the picket line July 27. 

A portion of the Army of the Potomac was sent to the north side 
of the James about the middle of August, and in connection with 
their movement a series of attacks were made on the enemy's lines 
in front of Deep Bottom. On the 14th a charge was made by which 
some ground was gained, and a more general engagement was fought 
on the 16th, in which the regiment suffered heavy loss, having two 
killed on the 14th, 17 on the 16th, and altogether 93 wounded and 
12 missing. Second Lieutenant Jesse S. Williams of Roxl)ury was 
killed on the 16th, and Second Lieutenant William Thorne of 
Gloucester died on the 20th from wounds. On the latter date the 
regiment returned to its camp at Deep Bottom, Colonel Osl)orn 
being temporarily in command of a brigade in another division, the 
regiment was commanded on the 14th by Captain Maker, and sub- 
sequently by Captain George W. Gardner. The James was re- 
crossed and the old camp at Bermuda Hundred again occupied on 
the 2oth,but it was only for a day, when the Tenth Corps moved to 
the front of Petersburg and occupied a portion of the lines. There 
the regiment remained for a month, constantly under fire, from 
which a loss was sustained of three killed and a number wounded. 

Colonel Osborn returned to the command of his regiment on the 
25th of September, being the only field officer who had l)ocn })res- 
ent with it for duty since the capture of Lieutenant Colonel Hooper. 
Major Richardson had been discharged for disability on the 23d, and 
the vacancy was filled later by the promotion of Captain Ordway. 
Another movement of the Army of the James to the north side of 
the James river began the 28th, in connection with a similar move- 
ment to the left by the Army of the Potomac, the Twenty-fourth 
with its division moving by the Darbytown road toward Richmond, 
but it was not till the 7th of Octo])er that the command became en- 
gaged. An attempt was then made to turn the Union right, which 
the regiment assisted in repelling, having two men killed and eight 
wounded. On the 13th it took part in a reconnaissance on the 
Darbytown road toward Richmond, encountering the enemy in force 



THE TWENTY-FOURTn REGIMENT. 381 

and losini^ in the engagement which resulted live men killed, 14 
wounded and live missing. A similar movement was made on the 
27th, but with very fortimate results so far as casualties were con- 
cerned, only two men of the Twenty-fourth being wounded. Re- 
turning from this reconnaissance the regiment went into camp at 
Four Mile Church on the Newmarket road, in rear of the Union line 
of works, where it remained till the 18th of December. It was then 
returned to Bermuda Hundred, and performed garrison duty till 
after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond the following spring. 

Colonel Osborn left the regiment on leave of absence October 16, 
and did not return to service with it, being mustered out the 14th 
of November ; the regiment during its last duty in the field was 
under command of Captain Thomas F. Edmands. The last of the 
original members who had not re-enlisted were mustered out on 
the 4th of December, but as there were over 400 veteran members 
remaining the name and form of the regiment were not changed. 
Lieutenant Colonel Hooper was commissioned colonel, but as he 
could not be mustered to that rank he was mustered out March 18, 
1865, as lieutenant colonel. Major Ordway, absent on staff duty, 
was promoted to lieutenant colonel. 

On the 8th of April, 1865, the Twenty-fourth were ordered to 
Richmond, where the command was assigned the duty of guarding 
the military prisons in that city, including those which had become 
so notorious from the confinement in them of Union prisoners of 
war, and in this duty the remainder of the year was ])assed, while 
something like order was being evolved from the ruins of the would- 
be Confederacy. About the middle of June 172 veterans from the 
Thirty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment and 14 from the Fortieth 
were transferred to the Twenty-fourth and formed into two com- 
panies, the original regiment being reduced to eight companies. 

The Twenty -fourth Avas with the exception of the Thirtieth the 
last organization from Massachusetts to leave the national service, 
being mustered out at Richmond on the 20th of January, 1866, and 
reaching Boston four days later. It went into camp on Gallop's 
Island for three days, but on the 27th visited the State House where 
the regimental colors were delivered to Governor Bullock, who re- 
ceived them with elo(i[uent words of appreciation. The regiment 
was then tendered a reception and collation at Faneuil Hall, after 
which the members separated to resume the pursuits of civil life. 



THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-fifth R,egiment was organized at Camp Lincoln, 
Worcester, the first companies reporting September 25, 18G1, 
and the entire ten being on the ground two days later. 
Nearly all the towns of Worcester County were represented in the 
command, and there were a few from outside the county. Much of 
the work of organizing the regiment was done by Captain A. B. R. 
Sprague, recently of the Third Battalion of Rifles, and many of the 
officers had seen service in the battalion. The band were mustered 
September 26, the line officers October 12, and most of the rest of 
the regiment at various times between those dates, by Captain John 
M. Goodhue, U. S. A. Colonel Upton, who had formerly held that 
rank in the Ninth Regiment of Militia, took command on the 8th of 
October, and the full list of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Edwin Upton of Fitchburg; lieutenant colonel, Augustus 
B. R. Sprague; major, Matthew J. McCalierty; surgeon, J. Marcus 
Rice, all of Worcester; assistaut surgeon, Theron Temple of Belcher- 
towu ; adjutant, Elijah A. Harkness of AVorcester ; quartermaster, 
William 0. Brown of Fitchburg; chaplain, Horace James ; sergeant 
major, Michael McKeon, both of Worcester; quartermaster sergeant, 
Edward A. Brown of Fitchburg; commissary sergeant, Elbridge G. 
Watkins; hospital steward, Samuel Flagg; principal musician, Jonathan 
H. Samson, all of Worcester; leader of band, William E. Gilmore of 
Pawtucket, R. I. 

Company A, Worcester — Captain, Josiali Pickett; first lieutenant, 
Francis E. Goodwin; second lieutenant, Merritt ?>. Bcssey. 

Company B, Milford — Captain, Willard Clark ; first lieutenant, 
William Emery; second lieutenant, William F. Draper. 

Company C — Ca'fDtain, Cornelius G. Attwood ; first lieutenant, 
James Tucker, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Merrick F. Prouty 
of Spencer. 

Company D, Worcester — Captain, Albert F. Foster; first lieutenant, 
George S. Campbell; secoud lieuteuant, George H. Spauldiug, 

Company E, Worcester — Captain, Thomas O'Neill; first lieutenant,. 
William Daley; second lieutenant, Henry McConville. 



TUE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 383 

Company F, Fitcliburg — Captain, Charles 11. Foss; first lieutenant, 
Levi Lawrence; second lieutenant, J. Henry Richardson. 

Company (I, Worcester — Captain, Lewis Waj^ely; first lieutenant, 
Henry M. Kichter; second lieutenant, Frederic A. Weigand. 

Company H — Captain, Orson Moulton; first lieutenant, David M. 
Woodward, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Nathaniel H. Fos- 
ter of North Brookfield. 

Company I — Captain, Veranus P. Parkliurst of Templeton; first 
lieutenant, James 13. Smith of Koyalston; second lieutenant, Amos 
Buffum of Templeton. 

Company K — Captain, J. Waldo Denny of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenant, Samuel Harrington of Paxham; second lieutenant, James M. 
Drennan of Worcester. 

The regiment broke camp October 31, after it had been presented 
with a stand of colors by the ladies of Worcester, going by way of 
Norwich and the steamer Connecticut to New York, where it re- 
ceived an ovation and stopped till afternoon of November 1, when 
it w^ent by ra-il from Jersey City to Philadelphia. That city was 
reached some time after midnight, but its loyal sons and daughters 
were waiting at the Cooper Shop with an abundant repast. Balti- 
more was made at 3 o'clock next afternoon, in the midst of a driving 
storm, and after marching about for a time, finding no transporta- 
tion, the different companies were stowed for the night in such 
vacant buildings as were available. Next morning steamer was 
taken to Annapolis, where the regiment was the third to arrive of 
those which subsequently formed the Burnsidc expedition, and en- 
camped on " Taylor's Farm," renamed Camp Hicks in honor of the 
loyal governor of Maryland. 

Late in Novemljer the troops at Annai)olis were organized in 
three brigades, the Twenty-iifth having .the right of the First Bri- 
gndc under General J. G. Foster, the other regiments being the 
Twenty-third, Twenty -fourth and Twenty -seventh Massachusetts and 
Tenth Connecticut. Drill and routine duty occupied the time till 
the 5th of January, 1862, when orders Avere issued for the departure 
of the expedition next morning. Accordingly the command turned 
out before daylight of the 6th in a driving snow-storm and marched 
to the Naval Academy, where most of the Twenty-lifth went aboard 
the steamer New York, two companies taking the gun-boat Zouave 
and one the schooner Skirmisher. Anchoring in the harbor, the 
regiment waited for the eml)arkation of the other troops composing 
the exi)edition, finally setting sail on the 9th. That night anchor was 



384 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

cast near the mouth of the Potomac, and next day at noon Fortress 
Monroe was reached, near whicli another stop of two days was made. 

Starting again on the 12th, the expedition on the following 
day encountered a severe storm, Avhich greatly endangered the en- 
tire fleet. The New York reached a comparatively secure anchor- 
age at Hatteras Inlet, hut some of the vessels outside were wrecked 
and the entire fleet was delayed a week while those driven out to 
sea were getting hack and the damage was being repaired. The 
men suffered much from the rough weather, the shortness of food 
and especially the lack of water. Another storm occurred on the 
23d, less severe than the first, and as soon as it abated the work of 
getting the larger transports across the bar into Pamlico Sound was 
taken up. This was not completed till the 5th of February, when 
the expedition once more got under way, its destination being 
Roanoke Island, an important fortified position commanding the 
entrance to Albemarle Sound. On the morning of the 7th the gun- 
boats of the fleet opened a bombardment of the forts, practically 
silencing their fire after a few hours, and in the afternoon the land 
troops were disembarked on the island after a very severe month of 
life on shipboard. The night was passed by the men standing around 
their camp-fires in the rain, and next morning the march toward the 
Confederate position was taken up. 

The hostile outposts were soon encountered by Companies A and E 
deployed as skirmishers, and the Twenty-fifth formed line of battle 
across the road, the right resting on an open field in suj^portof a howit- 
zer battery. After firing some three hours and exhausting its ammu- 
nition the regiment formed into column by companies and rested after 
its arduous efforts in penetrating the swamp till the enemy were 
driven from their position, when the column advanced and occupied 
the captured works. During the action the regiment lost six killed 
and u|)ward of 40 wounded. The island was occupied by General 
Burnside's troops till the 6th of March, when the Twenty-fifth 
vacated their log barracks and once more went aboard the New 
York. After lying at anchor till the 11th the fleet moved across 
the sound, the New York grounding on a shoal for several hours, 
but anchoring that night at Hatteras Inlet. Next morning sail was 
made for the Neuse river, and at night the expedition halted within 
15 miles of the city of Newl)ern. Under cover of the gun-boat fire 
a landing was made in the mud at the mouth of Slocum's Creek, 



THE TWENTY-FIFTH EEGIMENT. 385 

and through a dismal rain-storm a march of some ten miles was 
made, the Twenty-lifth leading. 

The battle of Newbern opened early next morning, but the regi- 
ment, being on the extreme Union right, was not at first engaged. 
It was finally ordered to the support of a battery, and later joined 
in the charge, only to find the Confederate worlds evacuated. 
Reforming and advancing the Twenty-fifth encountered Colonel 
Avery and his Thirty-third North Carolina regiment, covering 
the Confederate retreat. They surrendered, 150 in number, and 
were given in charge of Company H, while the rest of Foster's Bri- 
gade proceeded along the railroad toward Newbern. The city was on 
fire, as was the railroad bridge across the river, but the troops were fer- 
ried over in the afternoon by small boats that had run the blockade 
of sunken vessels below, and at once took possession. The loss of 
the Twenty-fifth during the battle had been four killed and 16 
wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Sprague with a portion of the regi- 
ment and the colors was the first infantry officer to reach the city 
of Newbern. The different companies were quartered in some of 
the buildings deserted by the secessionists who had fled the town, 
and remained there engaged in provost duty and the like till the 9th 
of May. During that time Major McCafferty resigned, being suc- 
ceeded by Captain Pickett of Company A. 

Marching some miles inland, the regiment was stationed at Red 
House on picket duty, naming its location Camp Bullock, in honor 
of Alexander H. Bullock of Worcester. There the rest of the 
month was passed with no duty more important than an occasional 
incursion into the surrounding country, and on the 1st of June the 
command returned to Newbern, establishing itself at Camp Oliver, 
at the west of the city near Fort Totten. On the 24th of July it 
formed part of an expedition of considerable strength under Colonel 
H. C. Lee which crossed the Neuse river and advanced to Trenton, 
some 30 miles, occupying that place without opposition and return- 
ing to camp a few days later, where the hot season was passed in 
comparative inaction. 

The first of the autumn expeditions occurred on the 15th of 
September, when the Twenty-fifth with two other regiments, all 
under command of Colonel Upton, embarked on steamers for Ply- 
mouth, a station on the Roanoke river, anchoring in front of the 
town during the night of the 16th, but finding next morning that 



38G MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the contemplated demonstration was postponed and returning to 
camp at Newbern. Before any further operations occurred the 
regimental band was dismissed by orders from the War Depart- 
ment, and both Colonel Upton and Lieutenant Colonel Sprague left 
the Twenty-fifth, the latter being promoted to the colonelcy of the 
Fifty-first Regiment, and the former resigniug on account of ill 
health. This left Major Pickett in command of the regiment, and 
in due time the vacancies were filled by his promotion to the 
colonelcy while Captains Moulton and Attwood became lieutenant 
colonel and major respectively. 

Six companies of the Twenty -fifth under Major Pickett took part 
in the Tarboro expedition, the others being on picket duty up the 
Trent road. The battalion went by the steamer Highlander to 
Washington, a village on the Pamlico river, October 30, where it 
formed part of a force of 5,000 or 6,000 men under General Foster. 
The march across country to Williamston on the Roanoke river be- 
gan November 2, the Twenty-fifth forming part of the rear guard 
and enduring the usual hardship of that position. Going by way 
of Hamilton, the force bivouacked within a few miles of Tarboro on 
the night of the 5tli, but General Foster, learning that the enemy 
was in strong force, decided to retrace his course, and the column 
began falling back the following morning. Plymouth was reached 
on the 10th, whence most of the troops embarked for Newbern, the 
companies of* the Twenty-fifth and two of the Twentj'-sevcnth re- 
maining at Plymouth in guard of the artillery. 

The Twenty-fifth embarked on the schooner Skirmisher December 
8, and at evening of the 10th reached the camp at Newbern, where 
orders were in waiting for them to join an expedition for Goldsboro, 
to start the following morning. Of the four brigades making up 
the command. Colonel Lee's (which included the Twenty-fifth Regi- 
ment) did not start till near noon of the 11th, marching some 12 
miles during the afternoon and night. The following day the roads 
were found to be badly obstructed by felled trees and important 
bridges were missing, which the troops had to rebuild, so that only 
about ten miles were covered, and early in the afternoon of the 13th 
the regiment halted some five miles from Kinston. During the fight 
at that place on the following day, it was in support of Morrison s 
and Bclger's Batteries. Bivouacking near the town that night, the 
coluiuu set forward the next morning, after destroying the bridges 



THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 387 

over the Ncusc at that point, making an unmolested march of 18 
miles. A force of the enemy being discovered across the river at 
Whitehall on the 15th, an artillery duel took place with a sharp- 
shooting accompaniment, during which the Twenty-fifth were called 
upon for 100 volunteers for skirmish duty, one of whom was wounded. 
Marching to within six or eight miles of Goldsboro the regiment 
encamped for the night. 

Next morning Lee's Brigade took the advance, and soon discovered 
the enemy, but in the battle which ensued it was not actively en- 
gaged till, the railroad and bridge having been destroyed, the column 
started on its return. The brigade formed the rear guard, and the 
Twenty-fif'th were already leaving the field when the Confederates 
charged upon the artillery. The regiment at once hastened to the 
support of Belger's Battery, holding its position under a heavy fire 
till the enemy retreated, suffering a loss of one killed and three 
wounded. The march toward Newbern was then resumed, and the 
j)lace was reached on the 21st, the men being very weary and hungry. 

The regiment remained quietly in camp till March, 1863, when 
on the Gth it marched to the junction of the Trenton and Kinston 
roads, from which point some of its companies operated against the 
enemy's outposts under the command of Captain Denny, driving 
tliem from a fortified camp and engaging in some other skirmishing 
and reconnoitering, with a loss of but two or three wounded. On 
the loth, late in the afternoon, the six companies in camp were 
ordered to the support of the four at Deep Gully where an attack 
was threatened. Skirmishing began next morning, the Twenty-fifth 
at the front, but presently the intelligence of an attack at Newbern 
resulted in the withdrawal of the supporting regiments and Colonel 
Pickett was left to hold the position at the Gully as best he could 
with his single regiment and three pieces of artillery. At night the 
Twenty-fifth were relieved by the Forty-third Massachusetts and re- 
turned to camp, having lost one wounded and one missing. 

On the 18th of March, being ordered to strengthen the garrison 
at Plymouth, seven of the companies embarked on the steamer 
Escort, reaching their destination on the afternoon of the 20th, (he 
remaining companies following a few days later. After fortifying 
the place the command remained on duty till the 3d of May, w'.ien 
orders were received for a return to Newbern, which was reachc d 
on the 4th. On the 21st the regiment formed part of an expediti.ui 



388 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

to Gum Creek, going b}' rail soon after midnight to Batchelder's 
Creek, where it joined the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania and waited 
through the day, going then with its brigade by rail to Core Creek, 
resting till about midnight and moving forward to surround and 
capture the outpost which was the object of attack. The program 
was successfully carried out, some companies of the Twenty-fifth 
skirmishing in front of the works and holding the attention of the 
enemy till the fire of a detachment sent to gain the rear was heard, 
when an advance was made and the foe completely routed. The 
victors rested on the scene till late in the afternoon, when the rein- 
forced enemy drew near, and some skirmishing took place as the 
troops made their way back to Core Creek, where they passed the 
night, taking the cars next morning toward Xewbern, still harassed 
by the Confederates. Camp was reached that afternoon, the regi- 
ment having lost three wounded and one missing. On the 3d of 
July the right wing was sent by steamer to Washington, N. C, and 
assigned to picket duty on the river below the town, two com}xinics 
at Rodman's Point and three at Hill's Point, where the}' remained 
for some months. The left wing was engaged in some scouting 
duty, but the year waned without notable service. Early in Decem- 
ber the Twenty-fifth were ti-ansf erred to Newport News, Va., and 
during their stay there 432 of the men re-enlisted and were fur- 
loughed for a month. 

While the re-enlisted men were preparing for and enjoying their 
brief respite from camp life, the 225 others were ordered to York- 
town, for which they left January 21 under command of Captain 
Parkhurst. Before reaching the town the next afternoon orders 
were received to continue the march to Williamsburg, 15 miles fur- 
ther. After resting there a few days the men were distributed 
among the different companies of the One Hundred and Thirty- 
ninth New York Eegiment, a part of General Isaac Wistar's Brigade, 
and as such on the 6th of February, 18G4, started on a futile ex- 
pedition against Richmond. After a hard march of 40 miles to the 
Chickahominy river the bridges were found to have been destroyed 
and the column retraced its steps. The regiment was soon after 
ordered to Newport News, leaving the members of the Twenty-fifth 
in camp at Williamsburg, where they remained on duty till the 2d 
of March, when they were relieved by the Eleventh Connecticut and 
ordered to the News. Reaching there on the 4tli they rejoined a 



THE TWENTY-FIFTn BEGIMENT. 389 

portion of the regiment •which had returned from ^lassachusetts, 
and on the 2Gth, going to Portsmouth, met the remainder with a 
number of recruits. The command was ordered to Getty's Station, 
four miles west of Portsmouth, and located in Camp Wellington. 

It took part April 13 in an expedition to Smithfield, going by 
steamer, but had no share in the slight skirmishing with guerrillas 
which took place. On the 22d orders were received to embark at 
once for Plymouth, N. C, then besieged by the Confederates, but 
on reaching Albemarle Sound intelligence of the surrender of the 
place was received and the regiment returned to its camp. On the 
26th it was assigned to CJcneral Ileckman's ''Star" Brigade (First 
Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps), the other regiments 
of which Avere the Ninth New Jersey, Twenty-third and Twenty- 
seventh Massachusetts. Next day the command marched to York- 
town, where it remained till the beginning of active operations, May 4. 

The troops were embarked that afternoon and sailed to near Fort- 
ress Monroe, where the night was passed, and next day the James 
river was ascended to near Bermuda Hundred, where the brigade 
debarked and took up a position to cover the landing. The other 
troops came ashore next morning and the "Star" Brigade led the 
advance, takiug a strong position at Cobb's Hill, near the Appomat- 
tox river, from which the lines were extended across the country to 
the James on the right. In the afternoon the brigade made an ad- 
vance toward the" railroad in the vicinity of Walthal Junction, or 
Port Walthal, the enemy being found at Dunn's Farm in a strong 
position, and a sharp engagement ensued, in which the Twenty -fifth 
in support of the front line received a galling fire, losing four killed 
and 13 wounded. Retiring that night to Cobb's Hill, the brigade 
was ordered forward to the same point next day, with a larger force 
in co-operation, by which the purpose of destroying the railroad was 
accomplished, the regiment suffering severely from sun-stroke, some 
30 men being prostrated. 

Another engagement occurred on the 9th, when the brigade led 
the advance of a considerable force toward Petersburg, finding the 
enemy in position on Swift Creek near Arrowfield Church. Pleavy 
fighting occurred, during which a sharp charge was made on the 
Twenty-fifth by the South Carolina regiment of the same number, 
which was repulsed by a terrible volley at close quarters, after 
which the Star Brisxade held the ground unmolested during the night 



390 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and on the morning of the 10th returned again to CobVs Hill. The 
loss of the regiment in the battle was 12 killed, including First 
Lieutenant Charles E. Upton of Fitchburg, and 49 wounded. 

Another movement began on the 11th, this time in the direction 
of Richmond, and by slow advances and skirmishing the enemy was 
forced back to his lines in front of Drewry's Bluff, from which on the 
morning of the 16th, in a heavy fog, he made a deadly sortie, Heck- 
man's Brigade, on the right of the Federal line, with its flank un- 
protected, suffering most. The Twenty-fifth, forming the left of the 
brigade, was not so completely surprised at the attack in the rear 
as the other regiments, and made a gallant and effectual resistance. 
Fighting'bravely until almost surrounded, it faced to the rear and 
cut its way through the enveloping lines, throwing them into such 
confusion that Colonel Pickett, upon whom devolved the command 
of what was left of the brigade (General Heckman having been 
captured), was enabled to take and hold through the day a position 
covering the right of the Union line. The loss of the regiment Avas 
11 killed, 53 wounded and 73 missing. Following this disaster, the 
Army of the James retired behind its intrenchments, which were 
strengthened till impregnable by the incessant exertions of the men, 
and in this duty and picket service the Twenty-fifth were engaged 
till the 27th, when they formed part of a force detached to join the 
Army of the Potomac. 

Marching to City Point and taking transports," the force landed 
at White House on the 30th and the following day marched to 
Church Tavern, whence on the 1st of June the column was directed 
toward Cold Harbor, where the hostile armies were coming to close 
(|uarters. General Stannard now commanded the brigade. On 
reaching the position occupied by the Army of the Potomac, the 
Eighteenth Corps (as it was called, though having some troops from 
the Tenth Corps) formed between the Fifth and Sixth Corps, and 
skirmishing at once began. On the morning of the 3d the order 
wa3 issued for a general attack, in which the Twenty-fifth had a 
deadly part. Charging in column of divisions, the regiment pene- 
trated almost to the enemy's lines, when it became so decimated 
that human valor could carry it no further ; yet the survivors clung 
to the position gained at such cost, intrenching with their cups or 
hands. The attack was not renewed, but the regiment remained in 
the pits till the field was vacated on the 12th, engaged in skirmish- 



THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 391 

ing and sharp-shooting, but with slight additional loss. The cas- 
ualties at Cold Harbor, out of but 302 taken into action, Avcrc 27 
killed, 139 wounded and 49 missing. The dead included Captain 
Thomas O'Neill, First Lieutenant Henry Matthews of Worcester, 
and Second Lieutenants Charles H. Pelton of Worcester, and James 
Graham of Fitchburg. The officers mortally wounded were Ad- 
jutant (brevet major) Henry McConville and First Lieutenant 
William Daley. The colonel, major and many of the line officers 
were also severely wounded. 

The corps marched back to White House on the 12th, taking trans- 
ports, from which it landed at Point of Rocks on the Appomattox 
river late in the evening of the 14th. That night the river was 
crossed and the advance on Petersburg began. The enemy's pickets 
were encountered next morning and skirmishing continued till the 
Union lines were well up to the rebel works, where they halted until 
sunset. Then a charge was made, carrying the first line of intrencli- 
ments, the Twenty-fifth capturing two Napoleon guns with their 
outfit, suffering a loss of one killed and 18 wounded. On the 18th, 
after two days of comparative inaction, the regiment was ordered 
to the right and joined in another assault, but this time the attack 
failed, the Twenty-fifth losing six killed and 13 wounded. Till the 
25th of August they remained on duty in the trenches before Peters- 
burg, constantly under the fire of sharp-shooters, from which in 
that time the loss of the command reached six killed and 25 
wounded. On the 25th what was left of the Star Brigade recrossed 
the Appomattox river and was assigned a position in the lines near 
the former camp at Cobb's Hill. There the regiment remained till 
the 4th of September, when orders were received to return to North 
Carolina, and the following day, with the Twenty-third it embarked 
on the steamer Winona from Bermuda Hundred, reaching Newborn 
on the loth, and was assigned to light picket duty, as l)efitted its 
exhausted condition. 

On the otli of October the original members of the regiment who 
had not re-enlisted were ordered to Worcester for muster out, and 
after some delays reached that city on the afternoon of the 13th. 
On the 20th they were mustered out of the service, leaving the 
Veteran Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment in the field, consoli- 
dated to four companies, in camp near Fort Spinola at Newbern, 
doing picket duty at Brice's Ferry and along the line of railroad to 



892 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Morehead City. A demonstration against Kinston began on the 
9th of December, in which the battalion took jjart, suffering from 
three or four days' marching through severe storms, but with no 
other result. Then picket duty was resumed and continued till the 
early spring of 1865. 

At the close of February preparations began to be made for the 
speedy moving of the Twenty-third Corps from Newbern to Golds- 
boro, to connect with the advance of General Sherman's victorious 
army, and two provisional divisions were organized from the garri- 
sons, convalescents and some new troops about Newbern. In this 
arrangement the Twenty-fifth formed part of the division of Gen- 
eral S. P. Carter, and on the 3d of March started toward Kins- 
ton. The regiment, on the left of the division, was posted near 
Wise's Forks, where on the 10th Confederate General Bragg made 
an attack, scattering and capturing Palmer's Division, but being 
repeatedly beaten back by Carter's Division. This was the last 
battle of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, in which it well sustained its 
reputation, its loss being but five wounded. 

Five days later it entered Kinston, stopping there for a week, and 
then marched rapidly to Goldsboro, which it reached next day, the 
brigade, under command of Colonel James Stewart, Jr., of the 
Ninth New Jersey, being the first to reach the place, joining Sher- 
man's army. Staying there till the 3d of April, the regiment re- 
turned as far as Mosely Hall, where it became a part of General 
Ruger's First Division, Twenty-third Corps. On the 9th it marched 
27 miles to Goldsboro, moving thence to Raleigh and camping near 
the city till the 3d of May. Reaching Greensboro on the 7th and 
going thence by rail on the 12th, it made its final cam]) at Charlotte, 
where it remained for two months, till on the 13th of July ordered 
to Massachusetts for muster out. Arriving at Readville on the 21st, 
the command was dissolved on the 28th. 



THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-sixth Regiment was recruited by Colonel Jones of 
the famous Sixth Regiment of IMilitia, and was largely offi- 
cered by members of the latter organization. It was at first 
called the Sixth, and under that name went into Camp Cameron at 
■Caml)ri(lge on the 28th of August, 1861. The title was soon 
changed, however, and on the 23d of September it was moved to Camp 
Chase at Lowell, were it remained for nearly two months. The 
field officers were commissioned the 28th of August, the line officers, 
from the IGth to the 2Gth of September, Avhile the enlisted men were 
mustered at various times during September and October. The 
roster of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Edward E. Jones of Pepperell; lieutenant colonel, Alpha 
B. Farr; major, Josiah A. Sawtell, both of Lowell; surgeon, Anson 
P. Hooker of Cambridge; assistant surgeon, James G. Bradt of Low- 
ell; chaplain, Charles Bahl)i(lge of Pepperell; adjutant, George E. 
Davis of Lcwell; qiiarternuister, James Munroe of Cambridge; ser- 
geant major, Henry L. Estaijrooks of Dorcliester; quartermaster ser- 
geant, George H. Stone of Natick; commissary sergeant, Archibald 
Starkweather of Boston; hospital steward, William H. Gray of Acton; 
leader of band, George Brooks of Lowell. 

Company A, Lowell — Captain, George M. Dickerman; first lieuten- 
ant, Andrew J. Johnson; st'cond lieutenant, William H. Willey. 

Company B — Cai)tain, Eusehius S. Clark ; first lieutenant, John S. 
Cooke, both of Groton; second lieutenant, Edward B. Hall of Boston. 

Company C — Captain, Enos W. Thayer of Pawtucket, R. I.; first 
lieutenant, John A. Lynch of South Easton; second lieutenant, Albert 
Tilden of Xorth Easton, 

Company D — Captain, Benjamin "Warren; first lieutenant, William 
H. Lamson, both of Lowell ; second lieutenant, Seth Bonney of 
Sterling. 

Company E — Captain, William H. Chapman; first lieutenant, 
William F. Wood; second lieutenant, Silas P. Blodgett, all of Acton. 

Company F — Captain, Thomas H. Annable of Cambridge ; first 
lieutenant, Edward Caufy; second lieutenant, George B. Yarriugton, 
both of Lawrence. 



394 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Companv G, Eall Kiver — Captain, Henry C. Wilcox; first lieutenant, 
James Brady, Jr.; second lieutenant, John B. Campbell. 

('ompany H, Lowell — Cajitain, Andrew Blood ; first lieutenant, 
Benjamin W. Frost; second lieutenant, Ezekiel Eastman. 

Company I — Captain, John Pickering; first lieutenant, Charles E. 
Drew, both of Lawrence; second lieutenant, Algernon S. Badger of 
Milton. 

Company K — Captain, Stephen K. Fletcher of Wrentham; first 
lieutenant, John T. Eobinson of Boston; second lieutenant, Henry 
Kemble Oliver of Maiden. 

The regiment left its camp at Lowell on the 19th of Noyember, 
embarking at Boston on the steamer Constitution with the Ninth 
Connecucut and the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, whence on the 
21st it sailed for Portland, j\Ie., under orders from General Butler 
to take on also the Twelfth Maine Regiment ; but the captain of 
the vessel protested against loading his craft so heavily, and on the 
23d the steamer set out for Fortress Monroe. Arrived there on the 
26th, Brigadier General J. W. Phelps came on board and took com- 
mand of the military forces, relieving Colonel Jones, who as senior 
officer had commanded thus far, and the expedition continued its 
way to Ship Island, off the Mississippi coast, which had been selected 
as the rendezvous of the Butler forces. That point was reached 
on the 3d of December and the regiment was soon landed, being 
the first armed troops on the island, with the exception of a small 
body of marines at the unfinished earthwork known as Fort Massa- 
chusetts, near the western end. General Butler's forces gathered 
slowly, and the Twenty-sixth remained there during the winter and 
until the middle of April, 1802, with no occurrence of note. The 
only event approaching a collision with the enemy occurred when a 
detail of 100 men visited the main land near Mississippi City and 
were fired upon by a small force of the enemy with artillery, one 
man being slightly wounded. 

About the last of March the force on Ship Island was organized 
into three brigades, the Twenty-sixth forming part of the Second 
Brigade under command of General Thomas Williams. Its asso- 
ciate infantry regiments were the Thirty-first Massachusetts, Twenty- 
first Indiana, Sixth Michigan and Fourth Wisconsin. The Second 
and Sixth Massachusetts Batteries were also attached lo the brigade 
and one C(jmpany of the Second Battalion of Massachusetts Cavalry. 
The troops embarked for the ciniibined naval and military expedi- 



THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 3!)5 

tion against New Orleans on the loth of April, the Twenty-sixth 
going aboard the transport jMississippi, and sailed next morning. 
During the operations against Forts St. Philip and Jackson by the 
fleet, the transj)orts waited on the river below ; but on the morning 
of the 2oth the Mississippi sailed l)ack down the river and around 
into Sal)le Bay, with the intention of landing her troops so as to 
cut off the rear approaches to the forts. By transferring the men 
to a light draft gunboat and afterward rowing and wading up a 
bayou, this object was accomplished with great diiliculty, the regi- 
ment linally getting ashore on the morning of the 28th, occupying 
Quarantine Station and placing one of its companies across the 
only road furnishing communication with the forts. After the 
evacuation of the latter the Twenty-sixth were detailed to garrison 
them while the rest of the force pressed on to New Orleans. Two 
companies remained at Quarantine Station and the rest of the regi- 
ment occupied the forts for more than a month. 

Being relieved by the Thirteenth Maine early in July, the Twenty- 
sixth were ordered to New Orleans, and went up the river in three 
detachments, owing to the meager transportation available, on the 
9th, 11th and 13th of the month, the reunited command encamping 
on Lafayette S(i[uarc, Odd Fellows' Hall being used as regimental 
head-quarters and hospital. On the 1st of October the location was 
changed to the Custom House on Canal Street, and there the 
Twenty-sixth remained, occupied in provost duty and on detail 
about the city till the following June. During this time the regi- 
ment as a whole was not called into the field for active service, and 
the only detachment of note was one of 100 men under Captain 
Pickering which formed part of an expedition under Major Strong 
of General jjutler's staff, on the 13tli of September, across Lake 
Pontchartrain. This expedition resulted in the occupation of Pon- 
chatoula after a sharp skirmish, and the capture of General Jeff 
Thompson's head-quarters with his spurs and sword. The landing 
had lieen made some 10 miles from the town, and Captain Picker- 
ing was at first left with his detachment in charge of the steamer ; 
but learning that the main body was sharply engaged he made a 
brilliant march up the railroad to meet the returning party, after 
which his command gallantly covered the retreat to the boat and 
assisted in bringing off the wounded. The loss of the detail from 
the Twenty-sixth was light, with none killed. 



396 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE }VAR. 

Important changes had taken place in the roster of officers mean- 
while. Colonel Jones resigned on the 27th of July, 1862 ; the 
vacancy caused the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Farr and Major 
Sawtell to be colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively, while 
Captain E. S. Clark was made major. Surgeon Hooker had re- 
signed on the 18th of June, the assistant surgeon being promoted. 
While the members of the regiment had not fallen in battle, disease 
had not been idle, and Quartermaster Munroe was the first officer 
to die, November 18, 1862. First Lieutenant William H. Benham 
of Stow died of disease May 18, 1863, and First Lieutenant John 
H. P. White of Acton on the 10th of July following. Many changes 
had occurred from other causes, officers as well as men being trans- 
ferred to the loyal regiments which were being formed in Louisiana, 
so that from this cause, deaths and discharges, the regiment had 
before the close of the year 1862 lost 220, one-half of which had 
been made good by the arrival of recruits. 

During the early part of winter the Twent3'-sixth with the Thir- 
tieth Massachusetts, Ninth Connecticut and three batteries of light 
artillery formed the garrison of New Orleans, Colonel T. W. Cahill 
commanding ; but after the arrival of the nine-months' regiments 
which were assigned to the Department of the Gulf, General Banks 
having succeeded General Butler in the command, the Nineteenth 
Corps was organized, the Twenty-sixth forming part of the Second 
Brigade, Second Division. The other regiments of the brigade 
were the Forty-second and Forty-seventh Massachusetts, Ninth Con- 
necticut and Twenty-eighth Maine. Colonel Farr commanded the 
brigade, placing the regiment in the hands of Lieutenant Colonel 
Sawtell, and Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman, who had 
taken command of the defenses of New Orleans during January, 
was division commander. 

The regiment was first called to field operations on the 20th of 
June, when seven companies under Lieutenant Colonel Sawtell took 
cars to La Fourche Crossing, 60 miles west of New Orleans, near 
Thibodeaux, where a movement was being made by the Confederate 
General Taylor against the railroad, Brashcar City and threatening 
New Orleans itself. On the evening of the 21st an attack was made 
on the position defended by the Twenty-sixth ; but the assailants 
were driven off with severe loss, that on the Union side being slight, 
the regiment having three killed and ten wounded. Abandoning 



TEE TWENTY-SIXTU REGIMENT. 397 

tlic attempt to gain possession of that point, the Confederates di- 
rected their energies against Erashcar, which was captured the fol- 
lowing day. Four days later the force of which the Twenty-sixth 
formed part fell back 40 miles to Boutee and on the 30th to Jeffer- 
son Station, where it was in position to oppose as much as possible 
the expected movement against New Orleans from the direction of 
Bonaldsonville. It was a critical season ; General Emory, who was 
then in command at New Orleans, finding communication with 
General Banks before Port Hudson cut off so far as the Mississippi 
was concerned by hostile batteries a few miles below Donaldson- 
ville, while a force of the enemy hovered within a few miles of the 
city, sent urgent appeals to his chief for assistance. But the latter, 
while not insensible to the danger below, held valiantly on till the 
surrender of Port Hudson, when a force was immediately moved 
down the river to drive away the foe. 

The Twenty-sixth were therefore relieved from their outpost duty 
at Jefferson on the 15th of July and returned to the city, being 
ordered on the 28th of August to Baton Rouge, where all available 
troops of the department were being concentrated for an expedition 
against the Texas coast. The command embarked on the 2d of 
September and moving down the river proceeded as far as Sabine 
Pass, when owing to the loss of two important gunboats and other 
considerations the enterprise was abandoned and on the 12th the 
regiment was back again at New Orleans, landing at Algiers, on the 
opposite side of the river. It encamped there but three or four 
days when it began the movement " up the Teche," by which it was 
proposed to clear the enemy well away from the "back door of New 
Orleans." On the 23d it had reached Camp Bisland ; it rested 
there till the 3d of October, when it began the advance up the 
bayou, reaching 0[)clousas on the 21st. Halting there till the 1st 
of November it started on the return march ; but the column moved 
from point to point with long halts at every place of importance, 
and it was not till the 17th that the regiment arrived at New Iberia, 
half way from Opolousas to Brashear, where it went into camp, re- 
maining there till the close of the year. 

Early in January, 1864, the regiment moved to Franklin. 12 or 
15 miles nearer Brashear, and there another long encampment took 
l)lacc. During this time many of its members re-enlisted, the 
Twentv-sixth leading all the Massachusetts resiiments in the number 



398 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of men who undei-took a second term, the total reaching 546. This 
great number was doubtless partially due to the fact that while the 
organization had been in service over two years, it had thus far lost 
but three men killed and ten wounded in battle. The preparations 
for the furlough of these re-enlisted men began on the 24th of 
February, when the regiment was ordered to New Orleans, and 
going by steamer Star Light to Brashear and thence by rail, arrived 
at the Crescent City the following day and was quartered in the Cot- 
ton Press, where it remained till the 22d of March. The veterans 
then embarked on the steamer Cahawba for New York, going thence 
by the Empire State to Boston, where they made a stop of but a 
few hours, going on to Lowell and receiving a furlough till the 4th 
of May. On the 20th of that month they reached New Orleans on 
the return, and the day following went into camp at Carrollton. 

The first call to active duty in the field was received on the 8th 
of June, when the command went aboard the steamer Grey Eagle 
and was transferred to Morganzia, some distance up the river. It 
remained there till the od of July, when it embarked on the steamer 
City of Memphis and returned to New Orleans, encamping there for 
a week, then took the Charles Thomas and sailed for Bermuda 
Hundred, where it debarked and went into bivouac on the 21st. 
From that time to the oOth it took part in various movements of 
a few miles each, indulging in some skirmishing with the enemy, 
but meeting no loss. It went aboard the steamer Sentinel on the 
30th, and two days later landed at Washington, camping at Ten- 
nallytown, a few miles out, where it remained for two weeks. The 
Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, was on its way to join the First 
Division, which had been for some time operating against the Con- 
federate force under General Early, then in the Shenandoah Valley. 
A great change had taken place in the make-up of the division ; the 
Twenty-sixth were now in the Fii'st Brigade, which was commanded 
by General Henry W. Birge and composed in addition to the 
Twenty-sixth of the Ninth Connecticut, Twelfth and Fourteenth 
Maine, Fourteenth New Hampshire and Sevcnty-fiftli New York. 
Three additional brigades completed the division, which was com- 
manded by General Cuvier Grovcr, while General Emory com- 
manded the two divisions Avhich bore the corps name. 

The movement of the division toward the Shenandoah Valley be- 
gan on the 14th of August, and on the IGtli the column crossed the 



THE TWENTT-SIXTH REGIMENT. 399 

Shenandoah river and camped at Berry ville. From that time the 
history of the Twenty-sixth Regiment becomes a part of that of 
General Sheridan's army, which fell back toward Charlestown on 
the ISth, and intrenched on the 21st in anticipation of an attack, 
which, however, did not reach the front of Grover's Division. That 
night the lines were drawn back to the vicinity of Ilalltown, a few 
miles nearer Harper's Ferry, and there the regiment remained for 
a week, advancing again to the vicinity of Charlestown and stop- 
ping till the 3d of September, when the Union army swung forward 
by the left Hank taking a position near Bcrryville, facing the Con- 
federates about Winchester. There the army remained till the 
19th, when early in the morning the advance was made which 
brought on one of the most decisive engagements of the war. The 
brigade went into the battle of the Opcquan in two lines, the Twenty- 
sixth in the first line with Company I as skirmishers. Soon after- 
ward the left of the Nineteenth Corps and the right of the Sixth 
lost connection and the gap being discovered and entered by the 
enemy that portion of the line was temporarily broken, and the 
regiment with others was obliged to fall back in some disorder. It 
promptly rallied, however, at the first opjjortunity, and again went 
forward into the battle, taking part in the successful operations, 
later in the day when the Confederate army was sent " whirling 
through AVinchester." The loss of the regiment was heavy, though 
it cannot be given exactly, including 38 enlisted men killed and 
11 officers wounded, of whom Major Clark died on the 17th of 
October and Captain Thayer on the 10th. 

The regiment took part in the subsequent movements against 
General Early, resting that night on the road south of "Winchester 
and following up the enemy to Fisher's Hill, where the two armies 
intrenched and confronted each other. A brilliant flank movement 
by the Eighth Corps dislodging the Confederates, the Nineteenth 
Corps followed up the retreat, the Twenty-sixth reaching Harrison- 
burg on the 2oth and on the 20th advancing to Mount Crawford. 
This was merely a demonstration, and the following day the regi- 
ment returned to Hai-risonburg, w^here it remained till the 6th of 
October, when it fell back by easy stages to Cedar Creek, where on 
the 10th the army took up and fortified a position. While resting 
here the original members of the Twenty-sixth who had not re- 
enlisted were sent home to Massachusetts for muster out, their 



400 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

term of service bavins; expired. The veterans and recruits remain- 
ing were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, under 
command of Captain Chapman, who was soon after promoted to 
major and asiain to lieutenant colonel, Colonel Farr being mustered 
out with the original members. 

It was while lying here that the battalion shared in the battle of 
Cedar Creek, on the 19th of October, when after being surprised in 
the morning and driven from its camp in broken fragments, it had 
the satisfaction of returning in triumph at night, at the close of an 
obstinate and bloody -contest. The loss to the battalion on that day 
was three killed, 11 wounded and 16 captured. First Lieutenant 
Albert Tilden died of his wounds on the 21st. The Twenty-sixth 
were detailed for provost guard at General Sheridan's head-quarters 
a fcAv days later, and while thus engaged met with a serious loss on 
the 26th, Second Lieutenant Joseph McQuestion of Central Falls, 
R. I., with 45 men being surprised and captured by the Confederate 
cavalry while on duty with a forage train. On the 10th of Novem- 
ber the battalion retired to Kernstown, a few miles south of Win- 
chester, where it encamped till the 14th of December, when it was 
ordered to Winchester, which had been held by a brigade of the 
Sixth Corps up to that time. The routine duties there continued 
till the 1st of May, 1865, when the regiment was ordered to Wash- 
ington, and on reaching there next day encamped in the vicinity 
of Fort Stevens, being attached to the Second Brigade, First Divis- 
ion, Army of the Shenandoah. 

After a month in camp there the division was sent to Georgia, 
the Twenty-sixth embarking on the steamer Louisburg at Washing- 
ton on the 4th of June and landing at Savannah four days later. 
General Davis, the brigade commander, was made post commander 
at Savannah, and his brigade was assigned to duty there. The 
Twenty-sixth, after having encamped just outside the city for a few 
weeks, were brought in for guard and provost duty, which continued 
till the 2d of August. The battalion was then ordered to prepare 
for nnistcr out, but that did not take place till the 26th, and not till 
the 12th of September did the command set out for Boston. Its 
passage was by the steamer Emily to Hilton Head, thence to New 
York by the Empire State, and after a stop of two days in the 
metropolis by rail to Boston, the battalion repairing to (Jallop's 
Island on the evening of the 18th for final payment and discharge. 



THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-seventh Regiment was made up from the four 
western counties of the state, under the call of September 
1, 18()1, for five new regiments. The duty of recruiting and 
organizing the command was assigned to Horace C. Lee of Spring- 
field, who caused recruiting offices to be opened in ten of the prin- 
cipal towns of the district on the 10th, and in a few days several of 
the companies were well filled and Camp Reed at Springfield — so 
named in honor of Quartermaster General Reed of Massachusetts — 
situated a mile east of the National Armory, was designated as the 
place of rendezvous. Two companies arrived on the 19th, others 
followed in a day or two and the regiment rapidly took form, the 
last company reporting on the 24th. By the 27th some 770 men 
had been mustered in by Major Wemple, U. S. A., and on that day 
the field and staff officers were announced. The command was in- 
tended to form part of the " Sherman Expedition," and on the 7th 
of October received orders to leave on the 14th for the general ren- 
dezvous ; but this was impossible, as the regiment was not armed, 
eciuipped or fully recruited. The uniforms and p]nfield rifles were 
furnished on the 10th of October, the state and national colors were 
])i'esented l)y Major Andrews, assistant commissary general of Mas- 
sachusetts, on the 18th, and on the 2oth the line officers received 
their commissions, bearing date of the IGth, and were mustered in. 
The roster was as follows : — 

Colonel, Horace 0. Leo of Springfield ; lieutenant colonel, Luke 
Lyman of Northampton; major, William M. Brown of Adams; sur- 
geon, George A. Otis of Springfield; assistant surgeon, Samuel Camp 
of Great Bavrington ; cliaplaiii, Miles Sanford of Adams ; adjutant, 
George W. Bartlett of Greenfield; qiiartermuster, William IL Tyler of 
Adams; sergeant major. Henry C. Dwight of Northampton; quarter- 
mnster sergeant, George ^L Bowker of Adams; commissary sergeant, 
Johnson J. Ellis of Lynn; hospital steward, George E, Fuller of Pal- 



402 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

mer; principal musician, Linens C. Skinner of Amherst; leader of 
band, Ames Bond of S[)ringfield. 

Company A — Captain,Samuel C. Vance of Indianapolis, Ind. ; first 
lientenant, Mark H. Spaulding; second lieutenant, Edwin C. (Jlark, 
both of Northampton, 

Company B — Ca]itain, Adin W. Caswell of Gardner; first lieuten- 
ant, Parker W. McManus of I 'avenport, la.; second lieutenant, Lovell 
H. Horton of Athol. 

Company C, Greenfield — Captain, William A. Walker; first lieu- 
tenant, Joseph H. Nnttimr; second lieutenant, William F. Barrett. 

Company D — Captain, Timothy W. Sloan; first lieutenant, Ami K 
Deiinison, both of Amherst; second lieutenant, John S. Aitcheson of 
Chicopee. 

Company E — Captain, Gustavus A. Fuller ; first lieutenant, John 
W. Trafton, both of Springfield; second lieutenant, Luther J, Brad- 
ley of Lee. 

Company F — Captain, Lucius F. Thayer of Westfield; first lieuten- 
ant, John W. Moore of Tolland; second lieutenant, James H. Fowler 
of Westfield. 

Company G — Captain, R. Ripley Swift of Chicopee; first lieuten- 
ant, Peter S. Bailey of Springfield; second lieutenant, Frederick C. 
Wright of Northampton. 

Company H — Cajitain, Walter G. Bartholomew of S])ringfield; 
first lieutenant, Charles D. Sanford; second lieutenant, William H. 
H. Briggs, both of Adams. 

Company I — Captain, Henry A, Hubbard of Ludlow; first lieuten- 
ant, Edward K. Wilcox of Springfield; second lieutenant, Cyrus W. 
Goodale of Wilbraham. 

Company K, Springfield — Captain, Horace K. Cooler : first lieu- 
tenant, George Warner; second lieutenant, W. Chapman Hunt. 

The regiment was reviewed on the 1st of November by Governor 
Andrew, and the next day camp was broken, a train of 21 cars 
taking the command westward over the Boston and Albany railroad 
that afternoon. At Hudson, N. Y., the steamer Connecticut was 
boarded, by which Jersey City was reached at 1 p. m. the next day. 
Going thence by cars the Twenty -seventh reached Philadelphia at 
midnight, only to find the patriotic women of that city waiting with 
a bounteous entertainment at the Cooper Shop refreshment saloon 
where so many Union soldiers were fed and welcomed at all hours 
of the day and night during the entire period of the tvar. At 
Perryville next morning the regiment took precedence of several 
which were waiting for transportation and was hurried forward to 
Baltimore, where a part of the night Avas ])assed, Avhen the journey 
was continued by freight train to Annapolis, which was reached at 
3 o'clock on the morninti; of the 5th. 



THE T]VENTY-SEVENTn REGIMENT. 403 

After a few hours' rest at the Naval School the regiment estab- 
lished Camp Springfield, a mile west of the town, near which two 
regiments were already encamped. Others rapidly arrived until 
the 10 intended for the Burnside expedition had gathered and were 
formed into three brigades, of which the First, commanded by Gen- 
eral John G. Foster, consisted of the Tenth Connecticut, Twenty- 
tliird, Twenty-fourth, Twentyrfifth and Twenty-seventh Massachu- 
setts, with Belger's Battery F of Rhode Island in connection. Be- 
fore the regiment entered upon active service Major Brown resigned, 
Captain Bartholomew being promoted to the vacancy. 

For a few weeks the sick list of the Twenth-seventh was large, 
13 members dying of disease before the regiment was ordered into 
service or being left behind at that time fatally ill. The orders to 
prepare for departure came on the 4th of January, 1862, the weather 
being severely cold, with considerable snow already upon the ground 
while more fell during the 5th. Camp Avas broken on the morning 
of the 6th, but after waiting all through the day and till 10 o'clock 
at night only the right wing succeeded in getting aboard the steamer 
Ranger at the Navy Yard, while the left passed the night in a neigh- 
boring building. At 3 o'clock the latter were aroused and taken 
by tugs to the bark Guerrilla. 

It Avas not till the morning of the 9th that the fleet of QG vessels 
bearing 15 regiments of infantry and 56 pieces of held artillery set 
sail under sealed instructions, which when opened directed that the 
vessels " when oil" Cape Hatteras, throw overboard ballast and run 
into the inlet." On the morning of the 13th, just as the fleet was 
oft" this entrance to Pamlico Sound, a severe storm arose, scatter- 
ing the fleet, wrecking some of the vessels and causing much loss 
and suffering. The Ranger succeeded in entering the inlet, where 
it was comparatively safe, but a barge in tow containing the camp 
and hospital supplies of the regiment was sunk and everything 
lost. The Guerrilla with 14 other vessels cast double anchors out- 
side in the attempt to ride out the storm there, while many craft 
were driven out to sea and did not return for a week. Tlic storm 
continued for two days, and it was not till late on the 15th that the 
Guerrilla could be towed into the inlet. The men had already 
suffered much from their crowded condition, the want of water and 
from sea-sickness, and owing to the demoralized condition of the 
ileet it was long before they could be made comfortable. 



404 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The fleet sailed for Roanoke Island on the 5th of February, but 
it was not till the morning of the 7th that the weather favored an 
attempt to land. Shortly before noon the gunboats engaged the 
forts, and at 3 o'clock the signal was given for the infantry to land. 
Major Bartholomew with a portion of the color company (K) seems 
to have been first ashore, but other commands were scarcely behind, 
and in a very few minutes some thousands had scrambled through 
the mud and swale to firm earth. Xo resistance to the landing was 
offered, and by midnight, with the exception of one regiment whose 
vessel had grounded and the detachments left in charge of the fleet, 
the entire force was ashore. Suffering from wet and cold, without 
blankets, the men stood in the deep mud all night, and hailed with 
joy the order to advance soon after sunrise next morning. 

Emerging from a pine thicket into an open field, the column re- 
ceived fire from Fort Defiance, a masked three-gun battery with a 
swamp in its front through which ran a corduroy road. The Twenty- 
seventh was the third regiment in the column and followed the 
Twenty-third toward the right of the field, the area of which was 
so limited that the regiment could only fire by companies : but this 
it did so effectively as to draw to itself the special attention of the 
enemy's artillery. Finally the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-third 
were ordered to flank the hostile position on the right, while Iveno's 
Brigade executed a similar maneuver at the left. For an hour 
Colonel Lee and his command struggled through swampy thickets 
which it was supposed a rabbit could hardly penetrate, finally ford- 
ing a stream, waist deep, beyond which lay the Confederate intrench- 
ments. Reno's Brigade was already doing its appointed work, and 
on seeing this new force the enemy fled, followed l)y Reno, while 
Foster's Brigade rested after their arduous toil. Very soon intelli- 
gence was received that the Confederates were trying to escape from 
the island, and the Twenty-seventh led the Avay to the assistance of 
Reno, the enemy being forced to the north of the island and to a 
complete surrender. 

The Twenty-seventh had lost in the action four men killed and 
11 wounded, three fatally. The regiment remained on the island 
till the 11th, when, being without camp equipage it was ordered to 
re-embark on the Ranger and the Recruit. On the latter, on the 
following day. Captain Hubbard died of disease. General Burnside 
re-embarked his entire command with the exception of three regi- 



THE TWENTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 405 

ments on the 11th of March, and that night ran up the Ncuse river 
to the mouth of Slocuni creek, where the fleet anchored for the 
night, and next morning the forces debarked, taking up the march 
toward Newbern in a rain-storm. That night was passed by the 
Union troops within four miles of Newbern, and next morning the 
advance was resumed, but the hostile fortifications Avere soon en- 
countered, when the Twenty-seventh were thrown into line to the 
left of the turnpike, having the Twenty -fourth and Twenty-fifth on 
their right and Ihe Twenty-third at the left. 

On emerging from the woods in view of the intrenchments the 
regiment fired the first volley of. the battle, lighting in advance of 
the main line for some time, when it fell back to correct the align- 
ment, firing till its ammunition was exhausted and holding the posi- 
tion for some time with empty guns till relieved by the Eleventh 
Connecticut. Its loss had been seven killed and 78 wounded, 
among the former being Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Lawton of 
AVare, who had but recently received his commission. Before the 
men were supplied with ammunition the Confederates were driven 
from their works by a charge, in which the Twenty-seventh with 
empty guns joined. After the battle was ended by the complete 
discomfiture of the enemy the regiment was transported to the 
suburl)s of the town, and two days later — Sunday, the IGth — the 
comnuuid, armed and equipped, occupied one of the churches, where 
Chaplain Sanford, who had resigned his commission, pi-eachcd his 
farewell sermon. He was succeeded by Rev. C. L. Woodworth of 
Amherst. 

The Twenty-seventh occupied the former camp of the Seventh 
North Carolina Ilegiment, — a very excellent one, — which was re- 
named Camp Warner, in compliment to Lieutenant Warner, who 
had been wounded in the recent battle. On the 20th four compa- 
nies under Major Bartholomew advanced up the railroad to Batch- 
elder's Creek, pressing back the hostile cavalry and burning the 
bridge there. For some weeks the camp was occupied with no 
more exciting event than a reconnaissance or a tour of picket duty, 
and during this time several commissions were resigned, among 
them that of Assistant Surgeon Camp, who was succeeded by Peter 
E. llubon of Worcester. 

The regiment was ordered to Batchelder's Creek on the 3d of 
Alay, relieving the Twenty-third Massachusetts on outpost duty, and 



406 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

remaining there till the 29th, when ordered back to camp. A re- 
view was held Jmie 20, and a reorganization of General Biirnside's 
command into three divisions was effected, each of the former bri- 
gade commanders taking charge of a division. The Twenty-seventh 
thus became with the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, Tenth Connect- 
icut and Ninth New Jersey the Second Brigade, First Division. 
Colonel Thomas G. Stevenson of the Twenty-fourth commanded 
the brigade and General Foster the division. But this arrangement 
was transient, as on the 5th of July General Burnside with the 
Second and Third Divisions was ordered to co-operate with the Army 
of the Potomac, driven back from before Richmond, leaving the 
North Carolina department under the command of General Foster. 
On the 6th the two brigades were reorganized, the First, commanded 
by Colonel Lee of the Twenty-seventh, consisting of his own regi- 
ment, the Twenty-third and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts and Tenth 
Connecticut ; while Colonel Stevenson had the Second Brigade. 
Lieutenant Colonel Lyman was again placed in command of the 
Twenty-seventh by this arrangement. 

A reconnaissance was made to Trenton by Colonel Lee on the 
25th and 26th, but after some skirmishing with the enemy's out- 
posts it was found that the place had been evacuated the day before 
the Federal column reached it. Other expeditions of less moment 
were made during the intense heat of the summer, a few being 
killed and wounded but more serious loss resulting from the exer- 
tion and exposure. At. the close of August the regimental band 
was mustered out in accordance with orders from the War De- 
partment. Two hundred recruits joined the regiment September 
8, and the day after the companies were scattered on outpost duty — 
A, C and I under Lieutenant Colonel Lyman going to Washington, 
N. C, H and K remaining at Batchelder's Creek under Captain 
Cooley, while the other five companies under Major Bartholomew 
went to Newport Barracks, half-way to Beaufort. The latter place 
was in the midst of swamps and extremely unhealthy, so that in a 
short time a large part of the men were unable to do duty, Comi)any 
D at one time i-eturning a sick list of 68 out of a total of 98. First 
Lieutenant C. W. Goodale died of disease October 30. 

]\hijor I^artholomcw's command left Newport on the 30th of Octo- 
ber, taking steamer at Newbern and reaching Washington, N. C, 
the following day. On the 2d of November an expedition was under- 



THE TW'ENTV-SEVE.Vrrf liEGlMENT. 407 

taken ag'ainst Williainston, which was found practically deserted, 
and the column ])assed on to Rainbow Bluff, where strong hostile 
works were also found to be unmanned, going thence through 
Hamilton and tui-ning toward Tarboro, within a few miles of which 
the expedition was given up and the force returned to Plymouth, 
which was reached at noon of the 10th. Here the nuiin part of the 
regiment remained in charge of the artillery and baggage till the 
2d of December. Learning of the location of a small detachment 
of hostile cavalry. Lieutenant Wood with 23 picked men set out on 
the 20th and at daybreak the following morning surprised and 
captured the entire force of 20 without loss. Assistant Surgeon 
Franklin L. Hunt of West Boylston, the highly esteemed post 
surgeon at Washington, who had been commissioned but three 
months before, was shot and mortally wounded by a bushwhacker on 
the Jamesville road, two miles from Washington, November 22. 
While the troops were so largely absent from Newborn, an attempt 
was made to capture the two companies posted at Batehcldcr's 
Creek ; but the assailants were driven back by the lire of Captain 
Cooley's command. 

The six companies of the Twenty-seventh under Major Barthol- 
omew reached Ncwbern on the 3d of December, and Colonel Lc'e's 
brigade was then composed of his own and the Twcnty-lifth Regi- 
ments of three-years' troops with three regiments of the new nine- 
months' men — the Third, Fifth and Forty-sixth Massachusetts. On 
the lllh the regiment joined in the " Goldsboro expedition," form- 
ing the rear guard at the beginning of the march, and it was not 
till the 17th, in the light at Goldsboro, that it was actively engaged. 
While the railroad bridge was burning the regiment assisted in tear- 
ing up the track, receiving a severe but inaccurate artillery fire. 
The brigade formed the rear guard when the Federal column, its 
purpose accomplished, began to retire, and it thus received the sharp 
attack made by Clingman's and Evans's Confederate Brigades. 
The Twenty-seventh took jtosition on the left of the field, and after 
the slackening of the Confederate lire advanced and drove the enemy 
from the woods, sustaining during the entire day a loss of but one 
man killed and two wounded. The exj)edition made the l)cst of its 
way back to Xewbern, being followed at a distance and occasionally 
shelled by the foe, but without damage. 

The various detachments of the Twentv-seventh were united under 



408 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Lieutenant Colonel Lyman at Washington, but three weeks later 
Companies G and H were detailed for garrison duty at Plymouth. 
On the 30th of March General D. H. Hill opened the siege of Wash- 
ington with a force of some 15,000 men and 40 pieces of artillery. 
General Foster being in the place took command of the garrison, 
which consisted of eight companies each of the Twenty-seventh 
and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, two companies of the First Loyal 
North Carolina, one company of cavalry and the Third Ncav York 
Battery. With the gun-boats in the river the defenders had 28 can- 
non. The siege was prosecuted with great energy for 17 days, the 
Twenty-seventh defending the right of the line, being continually 
on duty and under fire, yet fortunately escaping with a loss of one 
killed and eight wounded. On the 13th of April the steamer Escort 
ran the blockade under a terrible fire, bringing the Fifth Rhode 
Island as reinforcements, and on the morning of the 15th she ran 
out carrying General Foster, who went to organize a relief expedi- 
tion, leaving General Potter in commaud. Next morning the enemy 
began to retreat and on the 23d Spinola's Brigade arrived. The 
Twenty-seventh being thus relieved returned to Newbern on the 
25th, encamping on the Fair Grounds. 

Meantime Companies G and H at Plymouth were kept ever on 
the alert by the enemy. On the 23d of March Company H took 
part in a sharp skirmish at Wingfield, losing two killed and two 
wounded. In other enterprises of like nature officers and men from 
the regiment took creditable part. The eight companies had scarcely 
settled at Newbern when on the afternoon of the 27th they were 
ordered to take part in an expedition to Gum Swamp. Going by 
cars to Batchelder's Creek, they took up the march at 9 o'clock that 
evening in company with the Fifth Regiment and two companies of 
the Forty-sixth, the men carrying 100 rounds of ammunition. That 
night the regiment marched to Core Creek, where it waited till 1 
o'clock the next day for a heavy rain-fall to cease, when it moved 
forward 13 miles further with Companies D and E as skirmishers, 
till the enemy were found posted in an earthwork near the railroad. 
The two companies joined with the supporting regiments in a 
charge, putting the enemy to rout and capturing a considerable 
numl)er of ])risoners, — the loss to the Twenty -seventh being but one 
wounded. Returning to th(! Creek over roads almost impassable, 
tlie i-egimcnt was sent out on the 30th by General 1. N. Palmer, 



THE TWENTY-SEVENTH BEGUIENT. 409 

commanding the expedition, on a scout for guerrillas. None were 
foundj however, and next day the command was returned to New- 
bern by rail, where on the 8th of May, after it had moved into com- 
fortable barracks, it was rejoined by the two companies from 
Batchclder's Creek. The recent experiences of the regiment had 
been so trying that at this time a daily average of 280 men were 
under medical treatment. 

The brigade was sent out on the 21st to attempt the dispersal of 
a hostile force which had given some annoyance to the Union out- 
posts. The rendezvous was at Core Creek, whence the Twenty- 
seventh were sent to the Bridge, two miles distant, to report to 
Colonel Jones of the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania. With the two 
regiments that officer worked his way for 13 hours through a most 
difficult swamp, till he gained a position in the rear of the Con- 
federate intrcnchments covering the Dover road and the railroad. 
"While four companies of the Twenty-seventh occupied the road, to 
intei'cept reinforcements and prevent the escaj3e of fugitives, three 
companies under Captain Sanford with two companies of the Penn- 
sylvanians, well supported, made a charge on the works, while the 
rest of the brigade, which had come up in front, attacked on the 
other side. The enemy broke to the swamp, but 170 prisoners were 
taken, with considerable camp property. The victors rested on the 
field for a few hours, during which the enemy rallied in force and 
some skirmishing ensued on the return, lasting till the Newborn 
outposts were reached, where the brave Colonel Jones was killed. 
The Twenty-seventh lost one killed and three wounded. 

The resignation of Lieutenant Colonel Lyman was accepted on 
the 28th of May, leaving the regiment in command of Major Bar- 
tholomew, who was presently promoted to the vacancy. Captain 
William A. Walker of Coinpany C becoming major. On the 6tli of 
June the regiment was detailed as provost guard in Ncwbcrn, Cap- 
tain Sanford being made provost marshal with Lieutenant Hunt ns 
assistant. Captain Bartlett was also made provost marshal of Beau- 
fort, while Colonel Lee was appointed provost marshal general of 
the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. General Foster 
taking command of the same department, with hoad-quarters at 
Fortress Monroe, the Dej^artment of North Carolina was placed 
under General John J. Peck. 

From the 4th to the 6th of July the regiment formed part of an 



410 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

infantry force supporting a raid of the Third New York cavalry 
upon the "Wihnington and Weklon railroad, penetrating five miles 
beyond Trenton. Again on the ITth, with part of the Twenty-fifth 
Regiment, it crossed the Neuse river and went to Swift Creels, where 
it remained till the 20th in support of a cavalry expedition to Rocky 
Mount and Tarboro. On the 10th of October — one week after the 
Twenty-seventh had been relieved from duty in Newborn — General 
Foster directed the transfer of the regiments forming his original 
brigade to Virginia, and as Heckm?.n's Brigade the Twenty-third, 
Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, Ninth New Jersey 
and Belger's Battery were' ordered to Newport News. The Twenty- 
seventh reached its destination the 18th, its new habitation being 
named Camp Hoffman, but ten days later General Foster was 
ordered to the Department of the Ohio, being succeeded by General 
Butler, by whom the regiment was returned to provost duty. Com- 
panies A, D and K at Portsmouth and the balance at Norfolk. 

During the winter special attention was given to the re-enlistm^nt 
of veteran soldiers, and so many of the Twenty-seventh re-enlisted 
as to insure the continuance of the regiment as a veteran organiza- 
tion. January 15, 1864, with 220 of these, Lieutenant Colonel Bar- 
tholomew left for home on a month's furlough, receiving a hearty 
reception at Springfield, and returning to duty at Norfolk, February 
19. The first expedition of the spring took place March 4, when 
the regiment advanced beyond Magnolia Salt Sulphur Springs, on 
information that the enemy was approaching from the direction of 
Suffolk, but found no foe and returned on the 7th. The Twenty- 
seventh were relieved from provost duty on the 21st by the Fourth 
Rhode Island, with the exception of Company F and 50 men from 
other companies who remained, the former at Norfolk and the lat- 
ter as prison guard. The regiment marched to Julian's Creek in a 
severe snow-storm, resting in the tents of the Tenth New Hamp- 
shire over night and the next day building their own camp. During 
the winter 213 recruits had joined the command, and its total now 
reached 933. First Lieutenant Edward D. Lee of Templeton, an 
esteemed officer serving as adjutant, died of disease April 17. 

The Twenty-seventh was now part of General Heckman's (hence- 
forth known as the Red Star) Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth 
Corps, Army of the James. General Butler commanded the army. 
General W. F. Smith the corps, General Weitzel the division. The 



TJIE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 411 

Twenty-seventh left Portsmouth hy the steamer Escort on the morn- 
ing of April 27, and at noon landed at Yorktown. After march- 
ing about for a time the l)rigade went by transports to near Williams- 
l)urg, landed again and marched aimlessly back and forth as a feint, 
ro-embaiking during the night of May 4 and returning with the 
entire licet to Fortress Monroe, whence on the 5th the vessels sailed 
ii[» tlio James liver to Bermuda Hundred where the Star Brigade 
debarked and advanced a mile inland to cover the landing of the 
army. Next morning the regiment started for Cobb's Hill, seven 
miles westward near the Appomattox, and finding no enemy in the 
vicinity the forces set to work constructing a line of defenses from 
that point to Dutch Gap Bend on the James, four miles distant, in- 
closing a roomy and favorable peninsula in the rear of the line. 

General Heckman was soon ordered to develop the position and 
force of the enemy, sending forward his brigade, with Companies 
A and H of the Twenty-seventh as skirmishers, supported l)y the 
rest of the regiment. At Mary Dunn's farm the Confederates were 
found in some force, and a sharp skirmish followed, in which tlie 
infantry firing on the Union side was all done by the Twenty-seventh, 
the rest of the brigade being formed in echelon in support. The 
fight continued till after dark, when the column returned to Cobl)'s 
Hill, the regiment having lost two killed and IG wounded, tin ee 
fatally. The da} following three columns of Federal troops by as 
many routes were advanced toward the Richmond and Petersburg 
Railroad. Heckman's Brigade formed the left, the Twenty-seventh 
leading, and at Dunn's farm the enemy were found in stronger force 
than on the 6th. There was no engagement at this point except 
artillery firing during the day. General Brooks in the center reach- 
ing and destroying a considerable portion of the railroad, and at night 
the troops returned to their intrenched line, the Twenty-seventh 
having lost five wounded, while 50 were affected by sun-stroke. 
Such were the battles of Dunn's Farm and Walthall Junction. 

A general advance toward Petersburg was ordered for the 9th, 
the Twenty-seventh leading with Companies E and I as skirmishers. 
Near Arrowfield Church the enemy were found in some force and 
an engagement at once began, the regiment forming on the right of 
the turnpike and with the Twenty-fifth on the left constituting the 
first line of battle. After an hour's hard fighting Haygood's South 
Carolina Brigade charged close up to the Union line when it re- 



412 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ceived two terrific Tollej'S which drove it back in confusion. The 
Twenty-seventh and the Ninth New Jersey at once joined in a coun- 
ter charge, driving back the disorganized brigade, Avhen the entire 
Union force moved forward and secured the field. In this battle 
the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-fifth South Carolina Regiments 
were opposed to the same numbers from Massachusetts, each brigade 
also containing a Twenty-third Regiment. The loss of the Twenty- 
seventh Massachusetts was five killed and 32 wounded, five fatally, 
including First Lieutenant Pliny Wood of Westficld. Next day the 
column again returned to its defenses at Cobb's Hill. 

A movement northward toward Richmond was begun on the 12th, 
almost simultaneously with a heavy rain-fall which lasted for four 
days. The Richmond road was reached at 9 o'clock Avhen skirmish- 
ing began, which continued at intervals through the day, tlie regi- 
ment having four wounded. The following afternoon some progress 
was made toward Drewry's Bluff, and on the 14th with Companies 
C and F as skirmishers the line was advanced to within 300 yards 
of Fort Stevens, an earthwork in front of Fort Darling and sep- 
arated from it by Kingsland Creek. The enemy's outposts having 
been captured, intrenchments were built during the 15th, and on 
these two days the regiment expended 80,000 cartridges in skirmish 
firing, losing 23 men wounded. On the afternoon of the 15th the 
brigade was transferred to the right of the army, taking position in 
Gregory's Woods, the order of the regiments from the right being : 
Ninth New Jersey, Twenty -third. Twenty-seventh and Twenty-fifth 
Massachusetts. Fort Darling was a mile and a quarter in front, 
and between the right of the brigade^ and the James river was a 
space of a mile or more occupied only by a thin picket line already 
■ on duty for two days without relief. In this direction Coni])aiiy D 
were deployed as skirmishers, in front of the lino already estab- 
lished, by whose fire three men were wounded ; while the rest of 
the regiment devoted themselves vigorously to intrenching. 

The morning of the 16th brought a fearful disaster to Ileckman's 
Brigade. Under cover of a dense fog General Beauregai-d threw 
Ransom's Confederate Division of four brigades fiercely against the 
two Union brigades — Heckman's and Wistar's — east of the turn- 
pike. Three attempts to break the frail line by direct charge were 
made, but each time the assailants were repulsed with dreadful loss. 
Then the right was turned by a flank movement of Grade's Alabama 



THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 413 

Briuadc ; a incssencier sent to warn Colonel Lee was killed before the 
message was delivered, and the first knowledge of danger to the 
regiment was the appearance in its rear of the First and Seventh 
Virginia Regiments of Kemper's Brigade with a demand for sur- 
render, emphasized by a volley. Most of the three left comi)anies, 
F, E and K, escaped and gave the alarm to the Twenty-fifth, and 
Company D on the picket line also succeeded in eluding the enemy ; 
but of the other companies a great majority were swept back to the 
Confederate lines, 120 of whom went to horrible deaths in the prison 
pens. The remnant of the Twenty-seventh, under command of 
Captain ]\[oore, did valiant service during the remainder of the day, 
and saw the enemy discomfited and driven back to their own lines, 
but the loss of the regiment had been fearful. Ten had been killed, 
55 wounded, nine of them fatally, and 248 Avere prisoners, of whom 
12 were wounded. Among the captured were Colonel Lee, Lieuien- 
ant Colonel Bartholomew and seven line ofiicers. General lleckman 
was also a jjrisoner. Among the killed was Captain C. D. Sanford, 
a fine officer and a young man of great promise. 

That night a return was made to the works at Cobb's Hill, and 
under the command of Major Walker, who had been absent on tem- 
porary leave at the time of the disaster, the regiment was reorgan- 
ized in three divisions — right, center and left — under the command 
respectively of Captain- Moore, Lieutenant Wright and Captain 
Bailey. General Stannard, in the absence of General Heckman, 
took command of the brigade, to which the Fifty-fifth rennsylvauia 
Regiment was added, and General Martindale relieved General 
Weitzel in command of the division. The Army of the James was 
now shut into its fortifications by the advance of the Confederates, 
and on the 2.3d a reconnaissance in which most of the survivors of 
the Twenty-seventh took part revealed the enemy in strong force at 
Bakehouse Creek. One man in the detachment was fatally wounded 
during the skirmish. 

Four divisions, of which Martindale's was one, were detached 
from the Army of the James on the 26th under General Smith to 
join the Army of the Potomac, and next day the remnant of the 
Twenty-seventh crossed the Appomattox on pontons, embarking from 
City Point on the 29th. Going by way of Fortress Monroe and up 
the York and Pamunkey rivers to White House Landing, the troops 
debarked on the morning of the 31st, halting late that night at New 



414 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Castle. The march to this point was an error, the intention having 
been that the command should report to Cold Harbor, and for that 
place the weary column set out next morning. The day was in- 
sufferably hot, the roads very dusty, and the men weighted with 
four days' rations ; yet before 3 o'clock in the afternoon 20 miles 
had been made and the courage of the Twenty-seventh was so 
enduring that but four men had fallen from the ranks. 

The Army of the Potomac was then going into position for the 
Cold Harbor battles, and General Smith placed his command be- 
tween the Sixth Corps, forming the Union left, and the Fifth, some 
distance to the right. A part of his troops almost immediately 
made a charge and took some ground from the enemy, but in that 
movement the Twenty-seventh did not take part. Companies F 
and H, however, were deployed as skirmishers, and in that position 
the former lost two men wounded, one fatally. The rest of the 
regiment took a position on the front line about dark, and remained 
till morning of the 2d of June, when it was relieved, but while the 
men were getting breakfast it was ordered to the support of Bar- 
ton's Brigade, starting for the j^lace under the guidance of the aide 
who brought the order. While en route a heavy volley was re- 
ceived killing four and wounding 14, five fatally. The guide was 
not seen after the fire, and the regiment remained awaiting orders 
till afternoon, when it rejoined the brigade. In the murderous as- 
sault of the next morning the Twenty-seventh were first deployed 
as skirmishers and with the loss of two men killed drove in the 
Confederate outposts till the main lines appeared in front. They 
were then recalled and formed part of the first line of attack, press- 
ing forward under a frightful lire to the enemy's second line, Avhere 
the little conunand was almost annihilated, losing 15 killed. Go 
wounded and four taken prisonei'S. Five of the wounded were 
fatally hurt, and among the killed were the regiment's commander. 
Major Walker, Captain E. K. Wilcox, and Second Lieutenant 
Samuel Morse of Chicopee. Captain Wilcox was serving on Gen- 
eral Stannard's staff, but knowing that the charge was to be made 
placed himself beside his comrades and was killed while cheering 
them on. Of the 744 men who accompanied the colors of the 
Twenty-seventh from Yorktown, May 4, only 83 remained, and dur- 
ing the succeeding days at Cold Harbor this number was reduced 
by two of the five officers being killed, five men wounded and seven 



THE TWEyTY-HEVENTH REGIMENT. 415 

taken prisoners. The officers lost were First Lieutenant F. C. 
Wright, acting- adjutant, and Edgar H. Coombs of Lee, who had re- 
ceived his commission as second lieutenant but had not been nuis- 
tcred. The brigade was strengthened while before Cold Harbor by 
the addition of the Eighty-ninth New YorV., and on the 12th of 
June orders were received for General Smith's command to return 
to White House Landing. 

That night the regiment — commanded since the death of Major 
Walker by Captain Caswell, who had been wounded but not dis- 
abled — marched 20 miles through the dust and sand to the Land- 
ing, embarking on transports which conveyed it to Broadway Land- 
ing on the Appomattox near Cobb's Hill, where the troops went 
ashore the evening of the 14th. Before morning, with the other 
troo])S under General Smith, it crossed the river on pontons to take 
part in the first movement against Petersburg. The brigade led its 
division by way of the Appomattox turnpike, engaging the skir- 
mishers of the enemy at 9 o'clock and driving them back till Ihe 
intrenched line was encountered, near Battery Five, the artillery 
fire from which wounded 11 men of the Twenty-seventh, one mor- 
tally. In the early evening, artillery from General Hancock's corps 
reached the scene and opened on the enemy, when a strong skirmish 
line was advanced and gained the coveted intrenchments. 

During the two succeeding days the regiment was engaged in 
maneuvering and skirmishing, and on the morning of the 18th at 
the general assault which was ordered it was directed to move fol'- 
ward, align with another regiment and charge. Under the com- 
mand of Captain Moore it advanced through a terrible fire until not 
an officer remained with it, and the gallant remnant struggled as 
near to the enemy's works, under the command of sergeants, as it 
was i)ossible for human valor to carry men. There they remained 
l)urrowing into the ground till darkness enabled them to steal away. 
The loss of the day had been 11 killed and 28 wounded, the latter 
including all the commissioned officers except First Lieutenant E. 
M. Jillson, who assumed command of the survivors. 

On the evening of the 19th the Eighteenth Corps was relieved 
and fell back to Point of Rocks, where numerous changes occurred. 
The Fifth Maryland Regiment was added to the brigade and its 
Colonel Fry took command, in place of General Stannard, assigned 
to a, division. Captain Bailey having returned to the Twenty-seventh 



416 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

took command of the four line officers and 114 men present for 
duty, some returns having been made from details and hospitals. 
At the same time Chaplain Woodworth, to the general regret, re- 
signed his commission. On the 21st the regiment again returned 
to the -works in front of the doomed city, and from that time till 
the 24th of August it was under the command of various captains 
and lieutenants, engaged in the arduous and dangerous duties of 
the siege. During the time it had some 20 men wounded and two 
or three killed, having generally from 180 to 200 present for duty. 
"With the rest of the corps, it massed in rear of the Ninth at the 
explosion of the mine, July 30, and a few weeks later an attempt 
at reprisal was made by the enemy under a covered way occupied 
by the Twenty-seventh ; but fortunately the distance was misjudged, 
and the magazine was placed forward of the works intended to Ije 
destroyed, so that the defenders were only covered by dirt by the 
explosion. 

Early in the morning of the 25th of August the regiment Avas 
relieved from duty in the trenches and recrossed the Appomattox, 
encamping near Cobb's Hill once more. There it remained in 
amiable relations with the opposing picket lines till the 17th uf 
September, when steamer was taken and the command went that 
evening to Portsmouth, where Colonel H. C. Lee, finally released 
from rebel prisons, was awaiting his regiment. Through his in- 
fluence the men whose terms of service had nearly expired received 
permission to return at once to Massachusetts, the rest of the bri- 
gade having gone or being ordered to North Carolina. The home- 
ward bound detachment numbered 179, who under the command of 
Captain William McKay reached Springfield on the 28th and were 
enthusiastically received. On the 29th they wei*e mustered out of 
the United States service. 

The re-cnlisted men and recruits still composing the regiment in 
the field sailed by the steamer United States to Beaufort, N. C.,and 
on the 21st under command of Major Moore went into camp at 
Carolina City, where in the midst of yellow fever they remained till 
November 28, sulTering considerably from the disease. On that 
date camp was broken and the regiment, now commanded by Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Bartholomew, who had been exchanged, Avent to 
Beaufort where it performod provost duty till the 4th of December. 
It was then sent in light marching order to Newbern to take part 



THE TWENTY-HEVENTU REGIMENT. 417 

in a movement against Rainl)o\v Bluff in support of the projected 
attack on Fort Fisher, near Wilmington. Battery A, Third New- 
York, were dismounted and consolidated for the time with the 
Twenty-seventh, and the force of some six regiments was com- 
manded by Colonel Frankle of the Second Massachusetts Heavy 
Artillery. The column started from Plymouth early in the morn- 
ing of December 9, the Twenty-seventh in the advance with the 
Ninth New Jersey. The enemy were encountered five miles out and 
pressed back to Foster's Mills, where they made a stand behind a 
creek, the bridge across w^hich had been destroyed. Under cover of 
artillery fire the bridge was repaired, wdien the foe fell back, the 
Twenty-seventh having lost one killed and one wounded during the 
engagement. 

That night the column camped at Williamston, where it remained 
the following day, but at night again advanced and sooil after 
midnight approached the Confederate position at Butler's Bridge. 
There the force was divided, the Twenty-seventh with the Ninth 
New Jersey by a roundabout way seeking the rear of the position, 
which they successfully gained, capturing the commandant with 130 
of his garrison, and dispersing the rest, as well as a body of rein- 
forcements for whom they had at first been mistaken by the Con- 
federates. As the force could do no more for the want of supplies, 
a retrograde movement was made from point to point till Plymouth 
was reached. Early in January, 1865, the regiment was ordered 
back to Newbern, and after some perplexing and contradictory orders 
was finally assigned to outpost duty — six companies under Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Bartholomew at Rocky Run and the remainder under 
Captain McKay at Red House. Several changes occurred among 
the companies on this duty, and on the 15th of February 30 re- 
cruits were received, raising the total effective strength of the regi- 
ment to 20-1: men. 

General Schofield with the Twenty-third Corps having entered 
North Carolina and begun an advance in co-operation with that of 
Oeneral Sherman through the Carolinas, the Twenty-seventh with 
the Fifteenth Connecticut under command of Colonel C. L. Upham, 
forming the Second Brigade, Second Division, district of Beaufort — 
was ordered on the 3d of March to report in light order at Core 
Creek. From that point a column under General Cox advanced on 
the 6th, the Twenty-seventh leading as skirmishers during the dav. 



418 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

On the 7th the regiment was not engaged while the column was ad- 
vancing with some fighting to Wise Forks, but the following day, 
when Southwest Creek had been gained, rumors were received that 
a flank attack might be expected, and the Twenty-seventh were 
posted across British road to guard against that danger. While 
thus isolated, with only the Fifteenth near, they were attacked and 
almost surrounded by Hoke's Division. A most gallant defense 
was made, the little band holding its antagonists at bay for almost 
an hour, and malcing desperate efforts to extricate itself, finally 
rallying about its colors after two standard-bearers had been shot 
down and fighting till the foe swept over and captured such as sur- 
vived, only the stretcher-bearers, six or seven in number, escaping. 
Seven had been killed, 40 wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel 
Bartholomew severely, and 147 captured. All the wounded with a 
single exception fell into the hands of the enemy. 

The captives were marched to Libby Prison at Richmond, from 
which they were paroled, and on reaching the Union lines were 
given a month's furlough to Massachusetts. There was still left in 
the service a nucleus bearing the regimental name, which in a short 
time by the addition of convalescents and recruits numbered some 
30, and this handful was engaged in guard duty and kindred detail 
till the 26th of June, when it was mustered out of the service at 
Newbern and left for Massachusetts. Readville was reached on the 
7th of July, where the final papers were prepared, and on the 19th 
the Twenty-seventh Regiment was paid off and formally disbanded. 



THE TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twenty-eighth Regiment, lilce the Ninth, was composed 
principally of men of Irish birth or descent, and was organ- 
ized at Camp Cameron, Cambridge, where it went into camp 
September 22, 1861. Most of the ofiicers were commissioned from 
October 8, but the companies Avere not ready for the mustering 
ofiicer till the 13th of December, and additional detachments were 
added during the month to make up the complement of the regi- 
ment. The roster of ollicers was as follows : — 

Colonel, William Monteith of New York City ; lieutenant colonel, 
Maclellaud Moore ; major, George W. Cartwright ; surgeon, Patrick A. 
O'Connell, all of Bostou; assistant surgeon, George W. Snow of Chel- 
sea ; chaplain, Nicholas OTirien of lloxbury; adjutant, Charles H. 
Sanborn of Boston; quartermaster, Addison A. Hosmer of WcstBoyls- 
ton; sergeant major, Levi C. Brackett of Boston; quartermaster ser- 
geant, Edmund J. Eeed of Sbrcwsbury; commissary sergeant, William 
C. Oliver of Boston; leader of band, Samuel Curry of Salem. 

Gom])any A — Captain, Andrew P. Caraher of Lynn; first lieuten- 
ant, Humphrey Sullivan; second lieutenant, Jeremiah W. Coveney, 
both of Cambridge. 

Company B — Cajitain, Lawrence P. Barrett; first lieutenant, William 
J. Lemoyne; second lieutenant, Josiali F. Kennison, all of Boston. 

Company C — Captain, John H. Brennan; first lieutenant, James 
Magee; second lieutenant, William H. Klynn, all of Boston. 

Com]iany D — Captain, Andrew J. Lawler; first lieutenant, Hugh 
P. Boyle, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Florence Buckley of 
Xatick. 

Company E — Captain, Samuel Moore; first lieutenant, James ]\[c- 
Ardle; second lieutenant, John Carleton, all of Boston.- 

Company F — Cai:)tain, Jolin Eiley of Boston; first lieutenant, Ben- 
jamin F. Bartlett of Chelsea; second lieutenant, Alexander Barrett 
of Boston. ■ 

Company O — Captain, Alexander Blan ey of Natick; first lieutenant, 
William Mitebell; second lieutenant, James Devine. both of Boston. 

t'onipauy H — Cajitain, John A. ^fcDonald of Holden; first lieu- 
tenant, James O'Keefe; second lieutenant, Nicholas J. Barrett, both 
of Worcester. 



420 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company I — Captain, George F. McDonald; first lieutenant, Moses 
J. Emery, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edmund H. Fitzpatrick 
of NcAv Bedford. 

Company K — Captain, John J. Cooley ; first lieutenant, John 
Ahern, both of Milford; second lieutenant, John Killian of Eoxbury. 

The regiment left Camp Cameron January 11, 1862, going to 
Fort Columbus, New York harbor, where it remained till the lltli 
of February. It then embarked on the steamer Ericsson for Hilton 
Head, off the South Carolina coast, which had been occupied the 
previous autumn by Union troops. The destination was reached on 
the 23d, and the regiment debarked and went into camp, though 
not at the time brigaded, being attached to General Thomas W. 
Sherman's " Expeditionary Corps," then in occupation of the coast 
islands, with head-quarters at Port Royal. 

The regiment was transported on the 7tli of April to Dawfuskie 
Island, marching the following day to the upper end opposite Fort 
Pulaski. Companies A and K were detached for service at Jones 
and Bird Islands, Savannah river, being relieved ten days later by 
Companies D and I, which remained till May 6. Colonel Monteith 
with the five companies of the right wing was ordered on the 12th 
to Tybee Island, Georgia, the companies returning on the 28th under 
command of Major Cartwright, the colonel having been placed 
under arrest by General Hunter. He did not again return to the 
regiment, resigning at Newport News August 12. Just before the 
return of the right wing the left had been ordered back to Hilton 
Head, and on the 30th the whole regiment under command of the 
lieutenant colonel left the latter ])lacc for James Island, Avhere it 
landed on the 1st of June, having been made part of the First Bri- 
gade, General Isaac I. Stevens's (Second) Division, the other regi- 
ments of the brigade being the Seventh Connecticut and Eighth 
Michigan, Colonel Fcnton being the brigade commander. 

Some skirmishing ensued, by which the Twenty-eighth had five 
men wounded, and early in the morning of the IGth an attack was 
made on the Confederate works near Seccssionvillc, known as Fort 
Johnson. The only avenue of approach to the stronghold was by 
a narrow causeway and dciiloyment immediately in front of the 
hostile works, and the regiment strove faithfully to obtain a position 
whence it could make an attack or co-operate in the firing ; l)ut 
owino- to the nature of the around and the mingling of the different 



THE TWENTY-EIGIITU BEGUIENT. 421 

commands it became necessary to withdraw the Twenty-eighth with 
other trooi)s that their lines might be reformed. This had been 
done and the command was ready for a renewal of the attack when 
General Benham, in command of the field, relinquished the pur- 
pose. The loss of the eight companies engaged, A and F being on 
detail, was 70, of whom 18 were killed or mortally wounded. Re- 
turning to camp, the regiment remained on the island till the 6th of 
July, when it was taken l)ack in the transport Ben Deford to Hilton 
Head. At that time General Hunter had been called upon to for- 
ward all troops which could be spared from his department for the 
reinforcement of the Army of the Potomac, and on the 12th of July 
six regiments under command of General I. I. Stevens, including 
the Twenty-eighth, embarked for Fortress Monroe, landing at New- 
port News on the 18th. 

These regiments were assigned to General Burnside's command — 
the Ninth Corps — and organized as the First Division, comprising 
three brigades of two regiments each. The Twenty-eighth with the 
Seventy-ninth New York formed the Third Brigade, commanded by 
Colonel Addison Farns worth of the Seventy-ninth, General Stevens 
continuing as division commander. A week later Lieutenant Colonel 
Moore resigned, leaving ]Major Cartwright, who was soon })romoted 
to the lieutenant colonelcy, in command of the Twenty-eighth. 

Active campaigning began after some two weeks of waiting and 
preparation. Embarking on the steamer Merrimac on the 3d of 
August, the regiment was taken to Acquia Creek, where it landed 
on the 6th, going at once to Fredericksburg, in which vicinity it en- 
camped until the l"2tli. Then it marched to join General Pope's 
Army of Virginia, near Culpeper, crossing the Rappahannock to 
Falmouth, ascending the river to Rappahannock Station, recrossing 
there to the south side and continuing the journey, bivouacking on 
the night of the loth some seven miles south of Culpeper. Next 
day the march was continued to the vicinity of Raccoon Ford on 
the Rapidan, where the command remained till the night of the 
18th. During this time it bade adieu to its brass-band, which was 
mustered out of service in obedience to the general orders dismiss- 
ing regimental bands. Until the disastrous Second Bull Run bat- 
tle at the close of the month, the regiment spent much of the time 
marching back and forth over the country, going on the 19th to 
Barnett's Ford on the Rappahannock ; next day to Ely's Ford, cross- 



4i:2 MASSACHUSETTS AV THE WAB. 

ing the river on the 21st in support of a cavalry skirmish, return- 
ing during the night and taking up the march to White Sulphur 
Springs ; thence on the 25th to Warrenton, starting back the same 
night toward Warrenton Junction, going on the 27th to Manassas 
Junction and next day to Centcrville. 

The battle opened on the 29th and the Twenty-eighth marching 
to Bull Run, six miles, were ordered to support a battery, which 
they did during the day. That night they were shifted to the left 
of the field, taking position in front of a forest held by the enemy, 
into which they were ordered the next afternoon, receiving and re- 
turning a severe fire, continuing to advance till orders were received 
to fall back, after which position was again taken in support of a 
battery. There the command remained till the close of the day's 
fighting, when with the rest of the army it fell back to Centerville, 
having suffered a loss of 18 killed, 109 wounded, including Major 
Cartwright, and eight missing. Captain Caraher temporarily as- 
sumed command. Second Lieutenant Flynn was among the killed. 

The day after the battle the regiment was on picket, and Septem- 
ber 1, with other troops, started toward Manassas, marched a few 
miles and then returned. Moving back on the road to Fairfax 
Court House, the two divisions of the Ninth Corps, commanded 
by General Reno, with Kearny's Division of the Third, met and 
checked the movement of the Confederate General Jackson threat- 
ening the Union right flank and rear, fighting the battle of Chan- 
tilly. That battle was brief, ending at dark in a heavy rain. Gen- 
erals Stevens and Kearny being killed and their commands suffer- 
ing severely, but the intentions of the enemy were thwarted and 
Pope's army was saved from an additional disaster. The Twenty- 
eighth with their division drove in the enemy's pickets and then 
pressed the main line back through a piece of forest toward Ox 
Hill, in which brief engagement their loss was 15 killed, including 
Second Lieutenant Alexander Barrett, 79 wounded and five missing. 

It was decided next day to withdraw the army Avithin the de- 
fenses of Washington, and the Twenty-eighth, which had bivouacked 
near the field of battle, marched by way of Fairfax Court House to 
Alexandria ; thence on the 5th crossing to Washington and encamp- 
ing on Meridian Hill. General McClcllan had again taken com- 
mand, and even during the march northward, which began on the 
7th, the work of reorganization went on. General Reno retained 



TUE TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 423 

fommandof the Ninth Corps, to which a Third Division was added; 
(Joncral 0. B. Willcox succeeded the fallen Stevens in command of 
the First Division, which was reduced to two brigades, the Twenty- 
eighth being assigned to the Second, under command of Colonel 
Thomas Welsh. Going by way of Leesboro, Brookville and Frede- 
lick, the regiment on the 14th reached South Mountain, but did not 
taivc an active part in the battle in which the commander of the 
corps lost his life. General Reno was succeeded as corps com- 
mander by (Jcncral J. D. Cox, whose "Kanawha Division" was 
also tcnijiorarily attached to the Ninlh Corps. The Twenty-eighth 
supported a battery during the afternoon, and at night went on picket, 
losing during the engagement six men Avounded. 

The following day the regiment marched to near Antietam Creek, 
and during the 16th was on picket. The plan of the battle of the 
17th at lirst contemplated placing Willcox's Division as the reserve 
of the Ninth Corps, and that arrangement was made ; but early in 
the afternoon it was found when an advance was ordered that the 
Second Division, General Sturgis, which had led the crossing at 
the " Burnside bridge," was out of ammunition and had suffered 
too much to take part, and Willcox was ordered to relieve it. The 
movement across the bridge was made under lire, and at 3 o'clock, 
after having lain exposed to the enemy's artillery for an hour, an 
advance was ordered. A fierce contest ensued, but the Confeder- 
ates were too strong in men and position and the troops of the 
Ninth Corps fell back toward the cr(;ek, where they bivouacked for 
the night. Out of less than 200 taken into action the Twenty-eighth 
lost 12 killed, including Second Lieutenant N. J. Barrett, and 36 
Avounded. During the 18th the regiment was on the skirmish line, 
exchanging shots with the enemy but meeting no loss ; on the 19th, 
Lee having made his retreat into Virginia, it marched some three 
miles, to the Potomac, remained there till the 22d and then with 
the rest of the corps took position near Antietam L-on Works. 

Then followed a ])eriod of rest and recuperation after the arduous 
campaigning of a month, during which four important battles had 
been fought. On the 2d of October the regiment crossed the mount- 
ains into Pleasant Valley, near Harper's Ferry, where it remained 
till the 15th, when during two days it marched to Nolan's Ferry 
on the Potomac, some 15 miles from Harper's Ferry. There it en- 
camped for two weeks, and on the 18th its new colonel, Richard 



424 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

B}' rnes, a lieutenant in the Fifth United States Cavalry, arrived and 
took command. Captain Caraher was made major, dating from July 
26. Camp was broken for the movement into Virginia on the 30th, 
when the regiment forded the Potomac at Point of Rocks and ad- 
vanced to Waterford. Thence on the 2d of November the route 
led by slow stages through Harmony, Philemont, Upperville, Rector- 
ville, Orleans, Waterloo, to White Sulphur Springs and Rappahan- 
nock Station, thence down the Rappahannock, through Hartwood 
Church and Falmouth, tents being pitched nearly opposite Fred- 
ericksburg on the afternoon of the 19th. General McClellan had 
been relieved of the command of the Army of the Potomac, Burn- 
side being his successor. Among the changes which followed was 
the transfer on the 23d of the Twenty-eighth Regiment from Colonel 
Welsh's brigade to the Second Brigade, First Division, Second 
Corps, known as the Irish Brigade and commanded by General 
Thomas F. Meagher. General Hancock commanded the division 
and General Couch the corps, which with the Ninth formed under 
General Sumner the Right Grand Division of the army. The other 
regiments of the brigade were the Sixty-third, Sixty-ninth and Eighty- 
eighth New York and One Hundred and Sixteenth Pennsylvania. 
Preparations for the battle were completed on the morning of the 
11th of December, and camp was broken early. Owing to the de- 
lay in laying the bridges, the regiment bivouacked near the river 
that night, crossing the following morning, and remaining in the 
streets of Fredericksburg till noon of the 13th. Then the order 
was given to attempt the capture of the hights in rear of the city. 
French's Division led, supported by Hancock's and later l)y How- 
ard's. The Irish Brigade formed the second line of its division, 
moving out from the city and across the canal, deploying, advancing, 
gaining a position scarcely 60 paces from the hostile lines, where it 
received without faltering a fire which swept down more than half 
its members; it endured all that human heroism could endure, — 
then the shattered fragments drifted back. The loss to the Twenty- 
eighth was 110 killed and woimdcd, among the dead being Second 
Lieutenants John Sullivan and William Holland, both of Miiford. 
That night the remnant of the brigade recrossed the river, l)ut i-c- 
turned to Fredericksburg the following day and remained till the 
Union troops were finally withdrawn during the night of the 15th. 
Winter quarters and some montlis of com[)arative inaction ensued. 



THE TWENTY-EIGHTH liEGIMENT. 425 

In addition to the officers killed in battle during the year, First 
Lieutenant Boyle had died of disease at Hilton Head, May 31. 

The winter camp was broken on the 27th of April, 1863, Avhen 
the regiment marched to United States Ford on the Rappahanu(jck 
and performed picket duty in that vicinity till the army was ready 
for the crossing on the 30th, then moving forward with the rest of 
the corps till the night of the 1st of May. The brigade was placed 
at Scott's Mills, a point some five miles from Chancellorsvillc, where 
it remained till the morning of the 3d with no active duty save that 
of arresting some of the fugitives from the broken Eleventh Corps 
on the night of the 2d. Meagher's Brigade was then ordered to 
the front to support the Fifth Maine Battery, which was (iorcely 
engaged when the troops arrived. In a short time nearly every man 
belonging to the battery was killed or wounded, when the brigade 
sprang to the guns, checked the Confederates who were advancing 
for their capture and drew the pieces from the field by hand. In 
this short episode, which was its most important part in the battle, 
the Twenty-eighth Regiment lost ten men killed and wounded. 
That night it moved some two miles down the i)lank road, a part of 
its number euii'aging in the construction of a new line of defenses 
while the rest went upon picket, and thus the time was emj)loyed 
till the retreat of the army to the north side of the Bapi)ahannock 
was decided on and carried out in the early morning of the (Uh. 

A few days after the battle General Meagher resigned command 
of the brigade, which had become reduced to a few hundred present 
for duty, and was succeeded by Colonel Patrick Kelly of the Eighty- 
eighth. The old camps, which had been reoccupied after the bat- 
tle, were quitted for more healthful quarters, and there the brigade 
awaited the next move on the great chess-board, — which proved to 
be the Gettysburg campaign. On the 13th of June the Twenty- 
eighth went on picket at Deep Run, but at night of the following 
day took up the march toward Stafford Court House, continuing on 
to Dumfries, Occaquan Creek and Centcrville, whence on the 20th 
the regiment marched to Thoroughfare ilnp, going at once on picket 
and remaining with a single change of location till the morning of 
the 2")tli. Then it moved to Green Springs, closely followed l)y the 
enemy, Init without serious fighting, stopped for a night and late 
the next evening crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, the route 
thence including Poolesville, Brownsville, Urbana, the Monocacy 



426 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

river, Frederick, Liberty and Uniontown. The latter place was 
reached late at night of the 29th, and there the regiment remained 
till the morning of July 1, when it marched to Taneytown, halted 
for a short time and continued on to within a few miles of Gettys- 
burg, where it bivouacked for the night. 

One day of the great, battle had passed before it reached the field 
of action, but on the morning of the second day it joined forces 
with the troops already in position along Cemetery Hill, the First 
Division, of which it formed a part, under the command of General 
Caldwell, constituting the left of the Second Corps and connecting 
with the Third under General Sickles. When the attack of Long- 
street on the Third Corps was delivered that afternoon, Caldwell's 
Division was advanced in two lines, of which the brigades of Cross 
and Kelly formed the first. A fine attack was delivered, and the 
enemy were driven back, but the flanks of the assaulting column 
were not covered and were soon almost enveloped by the Confeder- 
ates. After an obstinate fight the division was extricated, having 
suffered heavy loss. On the third day the regiment assisted in re- 
pelling the attack upon the Union center, which in its front was not 
delivered with great vigor. Its loss during the two days reached 
101 in killed, wounded and missing. 

When it became evident on the 5th of July that the enemy had 
retreated, the Twenty-eighth, with other troops, marched as far as 
Two Taverns, halted there till the morning of the 7th and then 
moved by way of Taneytown to near Frederick. Thence passing 
through Crampton's Gap and Keedysville to Jones's Cross Roads, 
on the 10th, the regiment with a few changes of position remained 
awaiting the expected battle till the 14th, when it Avas found that 
Lee's army had retired into Virginia. The brigade advanced toward 
Falling Waters, but encountered no foe, bivouacked there for the 
night, and the 15th marched by way of Sharpsburg and the Antie- 
tam to near Harper's Ferry, passing that night on the canal tow- 
path. The next day the command encamped in Pleasant Valley, 
a few miles di^ant, stopped there till the 18th and then l)egan a 
movement into Virginia in pursuit of the Confederate army. That 
day's march was through Harper's Ferry and some miles uj) Loudon 
Valley, thence by easy stages to Snicker's Gap, l^Ioomficld, Asliby's 
and Manassas Gaps, Markham and White Plains to Warrenton Junc- 
tion, which was reached on the 26th. Halting there till the 30th, 



THE TWENTY-EIGHTH BEGIMENT. 427 

the reo-imcnt miii-ched. to the vicinity of Morrisvillc and encamped 
some live miles li-om Kelly's Ford, where with two changes of camp 
it remained during the month of August ; marching on the 31st to 
the vicinity of United ^States Ford, it bivouacked till the 4th of 
September, when it returned to the former camp where it remained 
till the 12th. It then with its corps marched to Rappahannock Sta- 
tion in support of the movement of Buford's cavalry, which resulted 
in driving the enemy's outposts across the Rapidan. In consequence, 
the Twenty-eighth marched through Culpeper on the 15th and fol- 
lowing the railroad encamped that night near the Rapidan. That 
river then became the dividing line between the two armies, and the 
regiment remained in that vicinity, much of the time on picket, till 
the Gth of October, when it moved back some miles to the north of 
Culpeper, stopj)cd there for three days, advanced a few miles and 
then marched rapidly to the north, passing Brandy Station, crossing 
the Rappahannock and going into camp near Bealton. Then followed 
the'sharp series of maneuvers for position between the two armies, 
comparatively bloodless but displaying fine generalship on both sides. 
The Second Corps left camp on the 12th and crossed the Rappa- 
hannock at Rappahannock Station in support of the cavalry. Re- 
crossing during the night, the column moved with little halt till 
Auburn was reached a few miles north of Warrenton Junction, 
where the night of the 13th was passed. Early next morning, while 
preparing Ijroakfast, the regiment with other troops of its division 
was opened on by hostile artillery from the rear, and hastily formed 
line of battle ; but the shrewd Confederate General Stuart, who had 
allowed his cavalry to penetrate between parallel columns of the 
Union army and pass the night in that critical situation, succeeded 
in extricating his troopers during the confusion caused by a dem- 
onstration against the front of Caldwell's Division by Ewell's Con- 
federate corps, to which knowledge of the strait of Stuarfhad been 
sent. The Twenty-eighth were de})loyed as skirmishers and then as 
flankers accom})anied the Union column northward. Late in the day 
as Bristoe Station was reached a fight was found to be in progress 
between the leading divisions of the Second Corps and a force under 
General A. P. Hill consisting of Heth's and Anderson's Divisions. 
The attem})t of the Confederates to cut the Union army in two hav- 
ing failed, the fighting was abandoned at dusk, the Twenty-eighth 
having been under artillerv lire but without loss; at 10 o'clock the 



428 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

march was resumed, Bull Run being crossed at Blackburn's Ford, 
three miles beyond which, General Meade having reached a satis- 
factory position, the corps was disposed in order of battle, and till 
the 19th remained in constant expectation of an attack. 

General Lee, having failed to obtain the advantage of position 
for which he hoped, decided not to trust to an engagement and when 
on the morning of the 19th it was found that he had moved south- 
ward again the Twenty-eighth with other troops turned their steps 
in the same direction. In two days Auburn was reached, and on 
the 23d the regiment changed camp to Warrenton, where it re- 
mained till the 7th of November, when in support of the attack by 
the Fifth and Sixth Corps on the Confederate outposts at Rappa- 
hannock Station it marched to Kelly's Ford, crossed the Rappahan- 
nock at that point the following morning and during the day ad- 
vanced in line of battle some seven miles, finally bivouacking for 
two days at Perry Hill. On the 10th it was detached from the bri- 
gade and detailed for special duty at East View, four or five miles 
from Brandy Station, where it remained till the 26th, when it 
joined in the Mine Run campaign. 

Meeting its brigade at Germania Ford, it there crossed the Rap-« 
idan, advanced some distance on the Gordonsville Plank road, and 
next morning moved forward to Robertson's Tavern. During the 
afternoon line of battle was formed in the face of the enemy, who 
next morning was found to have withdrawn to a stronger position. 
After a day of inaction, the regiment on the morning of the 29th 
took up the march by way of Robertson's Tavern several miles to 
the left, reaching the Orange Plank road, when the enemy was 
presently encountered. The Twenty-eighth were deployed as skir- 
mishers, and in the engagement which followed pressed the hostile 
pickets back for some distance to the crest of a hill, losing five men 
wounded. They held the picket line thus established till evening 
of the next day, when it was relieved and with the brigade went to 
the rear as guard to the ammunition train. The purpose of battle 
being abandoned by General Meade on account of the enemy's 
strong position and the severe cold weather, the return march was 
begun at night of the l.st of December. The regiment crossed the 
Rapidan early in the morning of the 2d, marched that day to Perry 
Hill, stopped there till the 5th, going then to Stevensburg, where a 
few days later the winter camp was established. 



THE TWENTY-EIGHTH liEGIMENT. 429 

During the winter much effort was made to increase the numbers 
of the o]-ganization, so that at the opening of the Wilderness cam- 
paign it took the field with 20 officers and 485 men present for 
duty. Major Caraher having the ])revious autumn been transferred 
to the Veteran Reserve Corps, Captain Lawler was promoted to the 
vacancy. The reorganization of the army to three corps did not 
affect the name or number of the Irish Brigade ; but the division 
was now commanded by General Francis C. Barlow and the brigade 
by Colonel Thomas A. Smyth. Many of the members had re- 
enlisted during the winter, and at the opening of the campaign 
Colonel Byrnes was still in the Bay State gathering recruits for his 
command, which he presently' returned to lead through the bloody 
scenes awaiting it. 

The camp at Stevensburg was broken at night of the 3d of May, 
1804, and the southward march began. The Rapidan was crossed 
and the old battle-field of Chancellorsville was reached on the after- 
noon of the 4tli. Thence to Todd's Tavern the regiment moved as 
flankers, — a very diflicult position owing to the nature of the 
ground. The following day General Hancock was called back to 
the assistance of the other corps, which had encountered Lee's army 
in the Wilderness, and in the formation of his command near the 
Brock road General Barlow's division was placed at the left of the 
line. As the fighting progressed the division became sharply en- 
gaged, Smyth's Brigade doing valiant service and driving back the 
enemy's right, though at heavy loss. That of the Twenty-eighth 
was 10 killed, 67 wounded and 15 missing, — the casualties includ- 
ing Cai)tains James A. McTntire of Lynn killed and Charles P. 
Smith of Northampton mortally wounded. In the remainder of 
the battle of the Wilderness, in the movement to Spottsylvania and 
the engagement on the Po river, including almost constant skirmish- 
ing and fighting up to the 11th, the regiment had its full share, losing 
during that time seven killed, 23 wounded and four missing. 

During the night of the 11th the cprps marched to the left and 
massed in an open field for an assault next morning on the left 
center of the enemy's lines, near " The Angle," Barlow's Division 
having the center of attack, Smyth's Brigade being in the second 
line. At daylight the charge was ordered, and the column swept 
into the Confederate works, making one of the most brilliant and 
successful charges of the war. But it was not a bloodless victory. 



430 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. 

for the Twenty-eighth alone lost ten killed, 40 woimclcd and one 
missing, and the charging lines being much broken and disorgan- 
ized by the onset were replaced by other troops which carried on 
the stubborn light which ensued all through that day and the suc- 
ceeding night. From that time till the 17th the regiment was skir- 
mishing, marching or intrenching almost continuously, in the efforts 
to find a vulnerable point in the Confederate lines. During the 
night oi the 17th the corps was again massed for assault near the 
scene of the former exploit, and the charge was made at daylight 
of the 18th, but the result was very different. The enemy's first 
line was penetrated, but there the success ended, and the assailants 
■were forced to withdraw with serious loss. The Twenty-eighth held 
on to what they had gained till noon, under an enfilading fire, when 
they fell back, having lost 11 killed and 29 wounded. Major Lawler 
and Captain James Magner of St. Peter, Minn., were among the 
dead, and Captain William F. Cochrane of West Roxbury died of 
his wounds two days later — all of whom were among the most 
valued officers of the organization. 

The movement of the Second Cor|)s from Spottsylvania toward 
the south began during the night of the 20th, and on the 24th the 
North Anna river was crossed, the regiment remaining under arms 
in an open field for two days, the first under an intense heat and 
the next in a severe storm. The river was recrossed on the 26th, 
an all-night march followed, Avith little rest till noon of the 28th, 
when the command bivouacked beside the Pamunkey river. In the 
skirmishing which followed in that vicinity it lost one killed and 
two or three wounded. On the 1st of June, as the main bodies of 
the two armies confronted each other at Cold Harbor, General Han- 
cock was ordered to march to the extreme left of the Union army 
and prolong the lines in that direction, and after a very trying 
march the indicated position was occupied and intrenched. On the 
morning of the 3d the regiment joined in the general attack, being 
in the second line. A salient was struck and captured, with some 
prisoners, but could not l)e held owing to the terrible fire from the 
main line ))eyond and the determined attem])ts made for its re- 
capture. The Union troops were forced out, taking such shelter as 
the ground afforded and later in the day retiring to their intrench- 
ments. The loss to the Twenty-eighth — more deeply felt from the 
fact that owing to their position they were unable to take any active 



THE TllEXTY-EIGHTU REGIMENT. A?A 

part in the l)attle — was ten killed, 46 wounded and one missing-. A 
sad loss for tiie conmuiud was that of Colonel Byrnes, who died of 
his wounds nine days later at Washington. First Lieutenant J ames 
B. West of Chelsea was also fatally wounded, dying- the next day. 

The regiment remained in the works before Cold Harbor, con- 
fronting the enemy but without further loss, till the movement 
across the James was decided upon, and the march began during 
the 12th of June. Late in the afternoon of the loth the corps had 
reached the river at Wilcox's Landing ; the following day it crossed 
by transports, and during the forenoon of the 2oth began the march 
toward Petersburg, though owing to some blunder no rations had 
been furnished. On the afternoon of the 16th Barlow's Division 
made an attack on the intrenchments in its front, supported by 
other troops, and gained some ground. In this assault Colonel 
Kelly, commanding the Irish Brigade, was killed, and the loss of 
the Twenty-eighth was three killed, 14 wounded and two missing. 
In 'the attacks of the two following days the regiment was in sup- 
port, neither actively engaged nor suffering loss. 

On the 20th it was transferred from the Second to the First Bri- 
gade of the division, General Nelson A. Miles being the new com- 
mander, and the day following took part in the movement of the 
Second Corps to the left, crossing the Jerusalem Plank road and 
threatening the Weldon Railroad. On the march the regiment was 
deployed as flankers, and on the 22d as skirmishers did much to 
cheek the success of Mahone's Division, which had penetrated be- 
tween the Second and Sixth Corps and attacked Barlow's Division 
on the flank and rear. For its steadfastness on this occasion the 
regiment received the thanks of brigade and division conmianders. 
Its loss was 11, of whom one was killed. From this lime, for more 
than a month it took })ai't in no engagement, being on picket and 
performing fatigue duty. 

At evening of the 26th of July, under command of Caj)tain 
James Fleming of Boston (soon after commissioned major), the 
regiment left camp, crossed the Appomattox and James rivers, and 
the following morning reached Deep Bottom, the movement being 
made by the Second Corps and Sheridan's cavalry in the hope of 
finding the enemy's lines in that quarter insecurely held. Soon 
after daylight the Twenty-eighth were deployed as skirmishers, en- 
countering the enemy, and getting upon their flank drove them from 



432 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

a line of intrenchments, capturing some prisoners and four cannon. 
During the rest of the day the regiment was on the picket line, and 
on the 28th, falling back to the Newmarket road, assisted in building 
intrenchments. Its loss on the expedition was two killed and two 
wounded. The column returned to the south side of the Appomattox 
on the night of the 29th, and after stopping in support of the Ninth 
Corps during the day, reached its former camp at evening of the 30th. 

Another movement to the north side of the James by way of 
Deep Bottom began on the 12th of August, when the regiment 
marched to City Point, embarked on transports the folloAving day, 
and on the morning of the 14th landed at Deep Bottom. It almost 
immediately joined in a demonstration against the Confederates, 
losing four killed and 11 wounded. On the 16th the brigade moved 
with a calvary force by the Charles City road, the Twenty-eighth being 
deployed as skirmishers and soon coming in conflict with the foe, 
losing two killed, 16 wounded and 22 missing in the stubborn con- 
test which ensued, the Confederates forcing back the Union lines. 
Among the killed on the 14th Avas First Lieutenant Patrick Nolan 
of Boston. The column being unable to effect its purpose, at dusk 
of the 20th began its return to the works before Petersburg, the 
old camps being reoccupied the following morning. 

With but a single day's rest the regiment was again sent to meet 
the enemy, moving to the left at Reams Station, deployed as skir- 
mishers, as usual, but without encountering the enemy, and next 
day on picket. It was stationed along the raih'oad during the 24th, 
but returned to the Station to bivouac and next day took part in 
the fierce fight which resulted in defeat to the Union arms, though 
Miles's Brigade won much credit and the Twenty-eighth were among 
the last to leave the intrenchments when retreat was finally decided 
on, having lost one killed, seven wounded and 25 missing, and re- 
ceiving the thanks of General Miles for their gallantry. The en- 
gagement, however, demonstrated that the troops had been too much 
exhausted by the long campaign of the spring and summer for 
further efficient offensive operations, and from that time till the 
coming of winter there was little more than the routine of picket 
duty, camp service, and the details of life in the trenches. 

The regiment completed three years in the United States service 
on the 13th of December, when the original members who had not 
re-enlisted, numbering but two officers and 21 enlisted men, left 



THE TWENTY-EIGHTH BEGLMENT. 433 

for Boston under command of Lioutcnrint Colonel Cartwright, to be 
mustered out. The recruits and re-enlisted men were consi)lidated 
into a battalion of five companies, which retained the regimental 
number, its oOicers consisting of Major James Fleming, Surgeon 
Peter E. Hubon, live captains and as many first lieutenants. Major 
Fleming was soon advanced to the rank of lieutenant colonel. 
Nothing important in the history of the battalion occurred till the 
opening of the spring cami)aign, when the corps was commanded 
by General Humphreys, the division by General Miles and the First 
Brigade by Colonel George W. Scott. 

The first conflict of the campaign occurred on the 25th of March, 
1865. Following the cai)ture and recapture of Fort Stedman that 
morning, the Second Corps, including the Twenty-eighth Battalion, 
advanced to the front lines and after a pause of some hours moved 
out to rcconnoiter the wo.rks in their front. The battalion reached 
an advanced position which it held till night, under a heavy fire, re- 
pulsing two counter advances by the enemy. The ammunition of 
the command was exhausted long before it was relieved ; but it 
pluckily held its ground at the loss of seven killed and 69 wounded 
out of the less than 200 taken into action. Four of the officers 
were wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Fleming. First Lieu- 
tenant Thomas J. Parker, transferred from the Thirty-second Mas- 
sachusetts, was mortally wounded, dying April 21. 

Again on the 29th the battalion was under arms and moved with 
the corps to the left, crossing Hatchers Run and feeling its way in 
search of the enemy till evening of the 1st of April, when orders 
were received for Miles's Division to report to General Sheridan on 
the White Oak road. Reaching there early next morning, the com- 
nuind had but a few hours' rest when it was ordered back by the 
road, and on reaching the Confederate fortifications found them de- 
serted. The division then moved toward Sutherland Station on the 
Southside railroad, near which the Confederate General Heth had 
halted and hastily intrenched to oifer battle. General Miles at- 
tacked impetuously, but it was not till the third assault that he suc- 
ceeded in dislodging the enemy. 'In this engagement — its last — the 
battalion lost six wounded of the 20 faken into action, the rest of 
the command being absent on detail. 

The end was near. For six days the remnant of what had once 
been a full regiment followed with its corps the retreating Confeder- 



434 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

ates, skirmishing with their rear guard and at Farmville on the 7th 
developing almost a battle ; finally on the 9th learning the glad 
tidings of the surrender of Lee's army and the practical close of 
the war. The battalion was ordered to Burkesville, where it re- 
mained three weeks, thence going by way of Rielimond and Fred- 
ericksburg to Alexandria, which was reached on the 15th of May. 
Eight days later came the great review in Washington, in which it 
participated ; then followed a season of inaction till the 25th of 
June, when orders for the immediate muster out of the command 
were received. That interesting event took place on the 30tli, and 
very soon afterward passage was taken for Massachusetts, Eead- 
ville being reached on the 5th of July, where a few days later the 
men were paid and discharged. 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 



THE Twentv-nintli Regiment was formally organized December 
13, 18G1, when the commissions of its field and staff oniccrs 
bore date, but most of its companies had been for months in 
the national service. Seven of them were among the first troops 
raised in the Commonwealth for three years' service, but as their 
ranks were filled these companies were from the 10th to the 22d of 
May forwarded to Fortress Monroe, where four were assigned to the 
Third Regiment and the others to the Fourth, — those organizations 
having been hastily sent forward with much less than the strength 
required by the United States regulations. At the expiration of 
the three-months' term of the militia regiments, these companies 
were by direction of General Butler organized into a battalion, and 
served thus until near the close of the year the addition of three 
companies completed the organization, which became thenceforth 
the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment. The following is the 
original roster of ofiicers, — the dates of muster of the companies 
into the United States service being given, with the officers com- 
missioned at that time : — • 

Colonel, Ebenezer W. Pierce of Freetown ; lieutenant colonel, 
Joseph H. Barnes of Boston; major, Charles Chipman of Sandwich; 
surgeon, Orlando Brown of Wrentham; assistant surgeon, George B. 
Cogswell of Easton; chaplain, Henry E. Hempstead of AVatertown; 
adjutant, John B. Collingwood of Plymouth; ([uartermaster, Joshua 
Norton, 3d, of Bridgewater; sergeant major, Henry S. Braden; (puir- 
termaster sergeant, William W. Davis, lioth of Boston; commissary 
sergeant, John B. Pizer of Taunton; hospital steward, John Hardy 
of Boston; principal musician, Ceorge E. Crocker of Sandwich. 

Company A, " Wightman Rifles" of Boston — Ca])tain, Thomas 
William Clarke; first lieutenant, Joshua Norton, 3d (afterward (puir- 
termaster); second lieutenant, John E. "White of Milton (succeeded 
July 3L by George H. Taylor of Cambridge); mustered May 21, 1861. 

Company B — Captain, Jonas K. Tyler; first lieutenant, Samuel A. 
Bent, second lieutenant, Thomas H. Adams, all of Boston; mustered 



436 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

May 14. (The Ciiptain and first lieutenant resigned July 18 and were 
succeeded res])ectivcly by Israel N. Wilson of Billerica and Ezra Kip- 
ley of Cambridge.) 

Company C — Captain, Lebbeus Leach; first lieutenant, Nathan D. 
Whitman; second lieutenant, Elisha S. Holbrook (died August 20, 
18G1), all of East Bridgewater; mustered May 22. 

Company D, ''Sandwich Guards" — Captain, Charles Chipman 
(afterward major); first lieutenant, Charles Brady; second lieutenant, 
Henry A. Kern; mustered May 22. 

Company E, "Plymouth liock Guards" of Plymouth — Captain, 
Samuel H. Doten; first lieutenant, John B. Collingwood; second lieu- 
tenant, Thomas A. Mayo; mustered May 22. 

Company F — Captain, Willard D. Tripp of Taunton; first lieuten- 
ant, John A. Sayles of Somerset; second lieutenant, Thomas tl. Hus- 
band of Taunton; mustered December 30, 

Company G — Captain, Charles T. Richardson of Pawtucket, R. I.; 
first lieutenant. Freeman A. Taber of New Bedford; second lieuten- 
ant, Charles D. Browne of Boston; mustered December 31. 

Company H — Cai)tain, Henry R. Sibley; first lieutenant, Daniel 
W. Lee, both of Charlestown; second lieutenant, William R. Corlew 
of Somerville; mustered January 13, 18(12. 

Company I, ''Union Guard" of Lynn — Captain, William D. 
Chamberlain; first lieutenant, Abram A. Oliver; second lieutenant, 
John Edward Smith; mustered May 14, 1861. 

Company K, "Greenough Guards " of Boston — Captain, Joseph H. 
Barnes (later lieutenant colonel); first lieutenant, James H. Osgood, 
Jr.; second lieutenant, William T. Keen; mustered May 22. 

On the return of the Third and Fourth Regiments to Massachu- 
setts, General Butler directed Captain Barnes to tai^e command of 
the battalion, which was officially known as the First Battalion of 
Massachusetts Volunteers. The command was for some time em- 
ployed in garrison and guard duty in and about the various Union 
■works near Fortress Monroe, and a part of the force was posted 
across the creek from Hampton Village when on the night of August 
7 it was burned by the Confederates, the little Federal force holding 
the bridge across the stream and by a weH^directed musket fire 
frustrating several attempts of the enemy to cross. A few days 
later Captain Barnes with five companies was ordered to Newport 
News, where the remainder of the battalion's existence was spent, 
and where the Twenty-ninth Regiment was organized. General 
John "W. Phelps commanded the post at Newport News through 
most of the service of the battalion, being succeded by General 
Mansfield in November, under whom the regiment was engaged in 
the same line of duties which had occupied the battalion. The as- 



A 



THE TWENTY-NINTH BEGIMENT. 437 

signment of Colonel Pierce (who had been a brigadier general in 
the Massachusetts militia before receiving his commission) to the 
cuiumand of the regiment was in some respects an unfortunate one. 
During the winter he was court-martialed, sentenced to dismissal 
from the service, and General Mansfield approved the finding of 
the court; but it was disapproved by General Wool, who had suc- 
ceeded General Butler as commander of the department, and the 
colonel was restored to his command, 

A sad accident occurred on the 11th of February, 1862, wdicn two 
members of the regiment were killed and several w^ounded by the 
bursting of a Sawyer gun, wdiich was being fired for the gratifica- 
tion of spectators. Tlie land battery at Camp Butler was manned 
by members of the Twenty-ninth, and during the fight between the 
Merrimnc and the Union fleet in the harbor the five heavy guns 
took an active though an inelfectiA'c part. At the same time, during 
the second day's engagement on the water, a land attack w^as 
threatened, and the regiment Avas called to arms, but the hostile 
column retired without the firing of a shot. With this exception 
the usual routine of camp duty prevailed till the 9th of May, when 
the men were awakened at midnight to pack their knapsacks and 
start for Fortress Monroe next morning. That point was reached 
soon after sundown, wdien the Twenty -ninth at once went on board 
transports and landed at Ocean View^ after a sail of an hour. Then 
followed a march until midnight, which was resumed next morning, 
and soon after noon of the 11th Norfolk was reached. 

But the Mcrrimac had been blown up and the place deserted by 
the Confederate army ; so at night the regiment retired some two 
miles to an abandoned camp known as " Camp Harrison," where it 
remained till the 14th, when it again marched to Norfolk, crossed 
the ferry into Portsmouth and went into camp at the United States 
Marine Hospital. There it was engaged till the 20th in patrol and 
provost duty, changing then to the Gosport Navy Yard, where 
another week w^as passed. Again the camp was shifted to a point 
just outside the Confederate earth-works, the command remaining 
there until the 4th of June, when a heavy forced march Avas made 
to the village of Suffolk, more than 25 miles distant, where Colonel 
Wyman of the Sixteenth Massachusetts Avas in command. 

Only a short stop was made there. On the afternoon of the 6th 
the regiment took cars for Portsmouth, passing the night in the 



438 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

depot and next morning taking steamer for White House Landing, 
the supply depot for the Army of the Potomac. Camping near the 
landing, the command marched to the front next morning and Avas 
assigned to General Meagher's Brigade of Richardson's Division, 
Second Corps, General Snmncr commanding. This was the famous 
'■ Irish Brigade," composed of the Sixty-ninth, Sixty -third and 
Eighty-eighth New York, but it gave a hearty welcome to the 
Twenty-ninth, which was essentially an American regiment. The 
camp was established on the battle-field of Fair Oaks, just in front 
of the little group of trees which gave the name to the conflict. 

The first encounter with the enemy came on the afternoon of the 
15th, during a violent thunder storm, when the Confederates made 
a dash upon the picket line, composed of Companies C and E, driv- 
ing them back temporarily and killing two; but the fire of the 
Union batteries speedily obliged the enemy to retreat. Late in the 
afternoon of the 27th Meagher's Brigade, Vvith French's of the same 
division, was sent to the right to assist Porter's Corps, which was 
hard pressed at Gaines Mill. They were just in time to cover the 
retreat of the Union soldiers, a*nd the firm front presented by the 
two brigades checked the pursuing Confederates, who fell back and 
reformed their line, but when the little Federal force advanced in 
line of battle the Confederates retired before them and most of the 
night was passed with the two forces in close proximity. The 
loss of the regiment was slight, but it included Lieutenant Thomas 
A. ^fayo, who was struck and killed by a cannon ball. 

Before morning the Twenty-ninth were withdrawn, and apart 
from skirmishing and picket duty had no further share in the fmlit- 
ing till the engagement at Savage's Station, after McClellan's re- 
treat had begun, when their well-directed vt)lleys gave check to the 
advance of the enemy at one point. In tlu> battle of White Oak 
Swamp, on the 30tli of June, they rendered valiant service in the 
support of Pettit's Battery, the fire of which did much to hold the 
enemy at" bay and prevent his crossing the creek which separated 
the two armies. About the commencement of the action Colouel 
Pierce was wounded, losing his right arm, and the command of the 
regiment devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel Barnes. As the day 
cksed, the brigade, with that of General French, was ordered to 
supi)ort General Sumner at Charles City Cross Roads, whose troops 
were hard pressed, and going on a run arrived there just in time to 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 439 

take the places of the retiring Federals and check the advance of 
the foe ; after which the march toward Malvern Hill Avas taken up, 
and just before daylight that strong point was reached. 

Early next morning the brigade was moved to the front and 
placed in support of some Union batteries, but presently changed 
jK)siti()n to the extreme right of McClellan's line, being posted be- 
hind a range of hills, where it remained till late in the afternoon. 
At that time the brigade was hurried to the Federal left, where 
severe lighting had been going on, the regiment being detached and 
ordered to the assistance of a small brigade of regulars under Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Buchanan in support of some batteries. There it 
remained through the night, withdra,wing with early light and re- 
joining its own brigade at Harrison's Landing, where it was highly 
complimented by General Meagher. Its loss thus far had been six 
killed and 19 wounded, some of the latter mortally. Several of those 
wounded at White Oak Swamp had to be left behind, and Assistant 
Surgeon Cogswell who remained to care for them fell into the hands 
of the Confederates, rejoining his command on the 19th of July. 

The regiment was detailed on outpost duty near Malvern Hill on 
the 4th of August, returning to HaxalFs Landing on the 15th and 
the following day beginning the march to Yorktown where it went 
into camp on the 20th. Two days later Sumner's Corps was ordered 
to Newport News, where the Twenty-ninth encamped amid familiar 
scenes. The brigade went aboard the steamer Commodore on the 
24th, debarking at Acquia Creek Landing and going by rail to 
Fredericksburg, where it bivouacked on the 27th, but on the follow- 
ing day went by steamer Louisiana to Alexandria, marching thence 
some ten miles up the river to Camp California on Arlington Hights. 
Sumner's Corps marched on the 30th to the support of General 
Pope, who was falling back from Manassas, reaching Centerville 
about noon of the next day and forming line of battle facing the 
enemy, who during the 1st of September pressed upon the Federal 
■ skirmishers. The rest of the army having retired to the "Washing- 
ton defenses, Sumner began to fall back during the afternoon, but 
it was not till late at night that the Twenty-ninth began to retire, 
and the following morning, when a mile or two west of Fairfax 
Court House, they dei)loyed as skirmishers to cover the Federal 
rear, in which position they received an attack by the hostile cavalry 
soon after, but repelled it without loss. 



440 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Being relieved in the afternoon the command marched that night 
to Langley's and the following afternoon crossed the Potomac at 
Chain Bridge, camping at Tennallytown, tvhere it remained till the 
5th. It then marched to Rockville and on the 6th, two miles be- 
yond the town, formed line of battle and waited till the 9th. Then 
the march northward began in earnest, the regiment passing through 
Frederick City on the 13th and crossing South Mountain on the 
15th, whence the division led the Union infantry till the column 
paused on the margin of Antietam Creek, facing the Confederates 
on the hills beyond the stream. At 9 o'clock of the ITtli, after the 
fight was well under way, the division received orders to move to 
the right and fill a gap in the Union line, which it at once did, ford- 
ing the creek and forming line of battle beyond, advancing under a 
heavy fire till close upon the enemy in a corn-field, when the order 
to halt and fire was given and the regiment — which was next to the 
Sixty-ninth on the right of the brigade line — maintained the conflict 
steadily for an hour, when. General Meagher having been disabled. 
Lieutenant Colonel Barnes ordered a charge of his regiment, which 
sprang forward with cheers, the Irish regiments joining, breaking 
the enemy in their front and driving them back with the assistance 
of Caldwell's Brigade which came up at the right moment. 

The regiment had rested but half an hour when it was again 
called to the front to prolong the line of Caldwell's Brigade, just at 
the time when General Richardson, commanding the division, was 
mortally wounded. Taking a position on the left of the brigade, 
the Twenty-ninth deployed a part of its number as skirmishers and 
remained in the corn-field during the rest of the day, the succeed- 
ing night and all of the 18th — the two lines being but a few hun- 
dred yards apart and an incessant fire being kept up. That night 
the enemy withdrew and the 19th was passed by the regiment in 
burying the dead on that part of the field. Its own loss had been 
nine killed, 31 wounded and four missing. 

Going to the rear after this duty was performed, the Twenty-ninth 
remained there till the 22d, then marching by way of Sharpsburg 
to Harper's Ferry, fording the Potomac that evening and encamping 
on Bolivar Rights. In that vicinity camp was established for more 
than three weeks, during which time the One Hundred and Forty- 
fifth Pennsylvania Regiment joined the brigade. On the morning 
of October 17 the division set out for Charlestown, which was oc- 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 441 

cupicd after S)nic skirmishing, Meagher's Brigade taking an ad- 
vanced {)Ositiun beyond the town. The enemy having been given to 
understand that the movement was in force, the division withdrew 
next m(jrning to Halltown, stopped there for a niglit and returned 
to Harper's Ferry on the following morning, the expedition having 
taken i)lace during a very unpleasant storm. 

The movement southward began on the 29th, the regiment leaving 
its camp that afternoon, crossing the Shenandoah and following the 
right bank of the Potomac to Pleasant Valley, where the first night 
was passed. Warrenton was reached on the 9tli of Novemljer, 
when it was made known that the command of the army had passed 
from General McClellan to General Burnside and the regiment 
rested till the 15tli. Then followed the movement toward Falmouth, 
in preparation for the Fredericksburg campaign, the march of the 
Twenty-ninth occupying three days, and during the encampment 
near Falmouth which followed, the regiment was on the SOtli of 
Xovember transferred from the Irish Brigade to the First Brigade, 
First Division, Ninth Corps. General Willcox at that time com- 
manded the corps, General W. W. Burns the division and Colonel 
B. C. Christ the brigade. 

In the disastrous battle which began on the lltli and ended on 
the loth of December the regiment took no active part ; it formed 
part of the reserve and was only under fire on the afternoon of the 
13th, when moving toward the left to support General Franklin, 
two men being wounded. After the withdrawal of the other troops 
on the night of the loth it remained behind to take up three small 
bridges across a canal, when it recrossed the Rappahannock, thank- 
ful to have escaped the slaughter of its late associates of the Irish 
Brigade. Chaplain Hempstead — who had faithfully lilled his ofiice 
— died of disease on the 21st after a short illness. "Without notable 
event some weeks passed, the corps taking no part in the demoraliz- 
ing march of January 20-23, 18G3, known as the "Mud march."' 
General Burnside was succeeded by General Hooker directly after 
that event, and on the 5ili of February the Ninth Corps received 
orders to proceed at a moment's notice to Fortress Monroe. 

The Twenty -ninth did not break camp till the 12th, when cars 
were taken at Falmouth for Acquia Creek Landing, Avhere the com- 
mand was transferred to the steamer Hero, reporting on the 14th 
to General Willcox at Newport News, and for the third time the 



442 3IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

regimental camp was pitched near the " Brick House." The corps, 
having been reorganized under the command of General John G. 
Parke, General Willcox taking charge of the First Division, was 
ordered to the West at the request of General Burnside, then in 
command in Tennessee, and the regiment went on board the City 
of Richmond on the 21st of March, reaching Baltimore on the 23d 
and at once talcing cars via Harper's Ferry to Parkcrsburg. Tliere 
it was transferred to the steamer Eclipse, reaching Cincinnati on 
the 26th and after an ovation in the city crossing the river to Coving- 
ton, Ky., whence it went by rail that night to near Paris. On the 3d 
of April it marched into the town making its quarters in and about 
the court-house, Colonel Pierce, who had rejoined the regiment just 
before it left Newport News, being made commandant of the post. 

The duty devolving upon the command was not arduous, being 
principally to search out and guard against guerrillas, which 
swarmed through the region, and the best of feeling existed between 
the inhabitants of the place and the officers and men of the Twenty- 
ninth, so much that on one occasion when the force at Paris was 
ordered to another point a petition generally signed by the citizens 
was sent to General Burnside asking that the change be not made, 
and the request was granted. The regiment marched on the 2Gth 
to rejoin its brigade, leaving Colonel Pierce in command at Paris. 
Going by rail to Nicholasville, it marched thence to Stanford, where 
the brigade was found on the 29th. The next day a march of 18 
miles took the force to Carpenter's Creek, where it rested till the 
5tli of May. Then came two days' march to the vicinity of Somer- 
set, with a halt until the 4th of June, when with eight days' rations 
the men set forth for Nicholasville, 71 miles distant over the mount- 
ains, making the distance in less than four days. 

The Ninth Corps had been ordered to reinforce General Grant in 
front of Vicksburg, and cars were at once taken for Cincinnati, 
where the command with a brief stop was transferred to another 
train and on the 10th reached Cairo, 111. At that point the Twenty- 
ninth went aboard the steamer Mariner and started down the Mis- 
sissippi river, stoijping three days at Mem])his for orders. Resum- 
ing the journey on the 14th, steaming along during the day and 
" tying up " for the night, the fleet of transports reached Snyder's 
Bluff on the Yazoo during the 17th, having been once fired on by 
guerrillas hid behind the levee. The troops being disembarked 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 443 

■«-cnt int6 camp near the river, the Twenty-ninth forming the right 
of the brigade. Twelve days later, after severe work in the hot sun 
upon intrcnchments, the regiment began to move toward Vicksburg, 
feeling its way along slowly till morning of the 4th of July, when 
the joyful intelligence of the surrender of the city was received. 

It then encamped till the afternoon of the 7th, when it set out 
with the rest of the brigade following the force under General Sher- 
man which was pursuing General Johnston in his retreat toward 
Jackson, the capital of Mississippi. With little sleep and almost 
incessant though not very rapid movement, the command marched 
till the rear guard of the Confederates was overtaken on Ihc after- 
noon of the 10th and the following morning the regiment went into 
the first line of battle near the Lunatic Asylum, some five miles 
from Jackson. This position was held till the IGth, when an ad- 
vance was made close up to the enemy's works, and during the en- 
suing night some scouts from the regiment were first to discover 
and report (though the report was not then credited) that the city 
was being evacuated. The truth of the report was substantiated 
the next morning, when the regiment advanced into the city, where 
it remained till afternoon. It was then ordered back a few miles, 
resting till the 20th, when the return march toward Vicksburg be- 
gan, the Twenty-ninth being detailed as provost guard at the rear 
of the corps, with Lieutenant Colonel Barnes as provost marshal. 
This was a very trying position, as the column moved rapidly, the 
weather was oppressive and the orders to repress straggling were 
stringent. 

The Big Black river was reached on the 22d, when a day was de- 
voted to gathering the scattered commands, after which the colmnn 
returned to the old camps at Milldale. During the expedition the 
regiment had lost but one man killed by the foe, but several had 
died from hardship and sickness, among the number being First 
Lieutenants Ezra Ri])ley and John B. CoUingwood and Second Lieu- 
tenant Horace A. Jenks of Plymouth. The Ninth Cori)s had been 
ordered back to Kentucky, l)ut the Twenty-ninth were unable to 
procure transportation till August 12, when they went aboard the 
Catahoula, the journey to Memi)his occupying eight days. At that 
point cars were taken for Cincinnati, whence the regiment crossed 
to Covington, where it remained till the 27th. Lender command of 
Major Chi])man, it then went by rail to Xicholasviile and camped 



444 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

there till the 1st of September, when the march over the mountams 
to Tennessee began. Knoxville was entered the 26th, the column 
having made over 200 miles through a very difficult region in order 
to strengthen the force under General Burnsidc which was intended 
to free the loyal people of Eastern Tennessee from the presence of 
an armed foe. 

Resting until the 8th of October, the regiment with its brigade 
was sent forward to join the corps, reaching Bull's Gap on the 9th, 
and the following day took part in the battle of Blue Springs, join- 
ing late in the afternoon in a charge which drove the enemy from 
the field. Taking up the pursuit next morning, the regiment ad- 
vanced as far as Rheatown, 21 miles beyond Blue Springs, and rest- 
ing there for two days returned on the 15th to Knoxville. In addi- 
tion to this force of the enemy, now driven back into Virginia, 
General Bu-rnside was threatened with a more serious peril in an 
army coming up from Chattanooga under General Longstreet, and 
on the 20th of Octol^er the Ninth Corps was advanced to CampljcH's 
Station, 15 miles distant, whence it moved down the railroad to 
Lenoir's Station the next day, remaining there on the alert till the 
14th of November. On that morning the entire Ninth Corps — 
Christ's Brigade leading — was sent forward to the support of Gen- 
eral White's Division of the Twenty-third Corps near Loudon, wliicli 
was threatened by Longstreet. Hough's Ferry, where fighting had 
been going on, was reached near night, and the regiment took posi- 
tion near the enemy at the right of the Union line. Standing to 
arms all night through a driving storm and in a heavy wood, the 
command expected to advance in the morning, but instead was 
ordered back and at noon halted at Lenoir's once more. 

The men had ])arely prepared a hasty dinner when they were 
called to arms to meet the enemy, who had come down on the 
Kingston road but halted on finding that he had not succeeded in 
flanking the Federal position. Very early next morning another 
parallel race for Campbell's began, the Union advance under General 
Hartranft getting into i)Osition but a few moments before the Con- 
federate column a])peared, and the Twenty-ninth on reaching the 
field went into position on the extreme right. Here desultory light- 
ing soon began, and presently the regiment Avas flanked out of its 
position ; but changing front and moving skillfully it eluded the 
trap which had been laid for it and reached safety in good order and 



THE TWEXTY-NINTII REGIMENT. 445 

with very few casualties. After dark the Union brigades one at a 
time marched hack toward Knoxville, and before daylight the last 
were in position near Fort Sanders for the defense of the city. 

The siege began the following day, the position of the Twenty- 
ninth being at the right of the fort, where its pickets occupied one 
side of a railroad cut and the enemy the other. At the desperate 
assault on Fort Sanders, very early in the morning of the 29th, in 
which Longstreet's troops were bloodily repulsed, the regiment 
had a notable part in the defense. Six companies lying near the 
fort were hurried inside at the first appearance of the assailants, 
and the four which had been detached rejoined their comrades in 
time to do good service. At the slackening of the assault a de- 
tachment of the regiment sallied out and brought in a large number 
of prisoners and two battle flags, the captors of which in due time 
received Medals of Honor. By great good fortune the Twenty-ninth 
lost but two killed. 

In recognition of the service of the regiment in the defense of 
the fort, it was made a part of the garrison, and in that duty con- 
tinued till the siege ended l)y the withdrawal of Longstreet on tho 
night of December 4. The following day a fruitless expedition was 
made by the brigade in search of a Confederate regiment reported to 
have been left behind, and on the 7tli the command, with the other 
troops of the corps, started out in pursuit of the retiring enemy. 
Blain's Cross Roads were reached on the 8th, and the following day 
the march was continued to Rutledge ; staying at the latter place 
till the loth, the regiment returned to Blain's and went into what 
was called permanent camp. The suffering there was very severe, 
the location being a bleak plain some 20 miles from Knoxville, swept 
by cold winds and often covered with snow. The men had been but 
indifferently supplied with clothing and camp outfit when they left 
Knoxville, and the wear and tear of the service soon reduced them 
to most trying straits. The rations were of the most inadequate 
description, and though supplemented by such foraging as could be 
done in the impoverished region, the soldiers still suffered greatly. 
Yet through it all they were subordinate, faithful and enthusiasti- 
cally loyal. 

During this time many of the members of the Twenty -ninth were 
employed as mechanics in the construction of bridges and boats, 
their natural skill coupled in many cases Avith practical training 



446 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

making them more adept than many of their fellow-soldiers. Dur- 
ing this time of distress, when if ever the patriotic impulse of the 
men might be expected to run low, many of the regiment re-enlisted 
for another term of three years, and on the 1st of January, 1864, 
were mustered as the Twenty-ninth Veteran Regiment of Massa- 
chusetts. On the 16tli camp was broken and the command marched 
to Strawberry Plain and crossed the Holston river, where it halted 
with a few other troops as guard to the railroad bridge at that point, 
"while the remainder of the corps, with the Fourth, under the com- 
mand of General Sheridan, pushed on toward Virginia in search of 
the enemy. 

The regiment was relieved on the 20tli and fell back a few miles, 
"where it waited till the 22d, when with the Seventy-ninth New York 
Highlanders it formed the rear guard of the colunm as it moved 
toward Knoxville. About noon, when some ten miles short of its 
destination, the rear guard was attacked by the enemy's cavalry, 
and a straggling fight, at times quite sharp, followed till the near 
approach to Knoxville caused the foe to withdraw, after having 
received a repulse from the two regiments, commanded by Colonel 
Morrison of the Seventy-ninth. Passing through the city and five 
miles beyond, the regiment made its camp at Erin Station on the 
24th, where it remained some three weeks. During this time the 
members who had not re-enlisted were transferred to the Thirty- 
sixth Regiment, and the veterans were ordered to prepare for their 
promised 30-days' furlough, though it was not to begin for some 
time. On the 15th the camp was changed to near the city, and on 
the 24th the corps marched three miles beyond Strawberry Plains 
and camped in the forest. Within a few days an advance was made 
to Morristown and thence to Mossy Creek ; and in that vicinity, 
with occasional skirmishing and frequent moving back and forth, 
the time was ])assed till the 18th of March, when the Holston was 
crossed seven miles from Knoxville, and the following day the regi- 
ment went into canij) near Fort Sanders. 

On the 21st the movement toward Nicholasville over the Cumber- 
land Mountains began, the journey being nuide extremely trying by 
the bad condition of the roads and the almost incessant storms; 
but the place Avas reached on the Slst and the following day the 
brigade arrived at Covington, crossed the river to Cincinnati and 
took up quarters in the Sixth-street Barracks. Leaving there on 



THE TWENTY-NINTH BEGIMENT. 447 

thu 7th of April, the regiment reached Boston on the 9th and was 
received with enthusiasm, its furlough continuing till the 16th of 
May, when it Avas again summoned to the front, leaving its tattered 
battle flags in Boston and taking out in their place bright new ban- 
ners. Washington was reached on the 18th, the command going 
into barracks, and the following day the detachment of the original 
regiment which had been serving with the Thirty-sixth Massachu- 
setts met their comrades while on their way home, their term of 
enlistment having expired. This detachment had served faithfully 
in the Wilderness and at Spottsylvania, having lost seven killed and 
about 30 wounded, out of some 90 jjresent for duty. 

Leaving Washington on the 20th and going by transj)ort to Belle 
Plain, the Twenty-ninth were at that })oint made part ol a provis- 
ional brigade under General Lockwood, marching to Falmouth on 
the 23d. Tlic Rappahannock was crossed on }>ontons next morning 
and the regiment pushed steadily forward till it joined the Army of 
the Potomac on the 29th, as it moved southward from the North Anna, 
and Avas assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. 

A hundred men from the regiment were sent on the skirmish line 
during the 1st of June, forming the extreme right of the corps line, 
but had scarcely deployed when the enemy was found to be on the 
flank and a sharp action at once ensued in which the Twenty-ninth 
had one killed, three captured and a dozen wounded. Tavo days 
later the regiment was transferred to the Second Brigade, First 
Division of the Ninth Corps, but did not reach the command in time 
to engage heavily in the desperate fighting of that day, losing but 
three men wounded. During the subsequent operations at Cold 
Harbor its })art was that of detail and skirmish, with no results of 
importance, and when the army moved southward it crossed the 
James with its fellow-regiments, reaching the lines in front of Peters- 
burg late in the afternoon of the 16th and forming a supporting line 
to the troops already in position. 

Next morning the First Division moved up and occupied Avorks 
Avhich had been gained by a charge of the Second Division, and 
late in the afternoon Avas ordered to charge the works in its 
; front, the First and Second Brigades (the latter commanded by 
; Colonel Pierce) forming the first line with the Third Brigade in 
support. While in Avaiting for the signal to advance, word Avas re- 
ceived that the charge Avould not be ordered, immediately after 



448 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

which the command " Forward ! " rang along the line. The lead- 
ing brigades encountered a terrific fire and were thrown into some 
confusion, but the supports coming up the whole force pressed for- 
ward and effected a lodgment in the hostile works. In this charge 
three bearers of the Twenty-ninth's battle-flag were killed in quick 
succession — Sergeants Silas N. Grosvenor, John A. Tighe and Ser- 
geant Major William F. Willis. The latter fell as the regiment was 
being temporaril}^ forced back, and the flag was for the moment 
abandoned on the field, but as soon as the loss was discovered several 
volunteers rushed forward through the fire and rescued the beloved 
standard. The regiment, which took less than 100 men into the 
fight, had lost six killed and 23 wounded, including First Lieuten- 
ant George AY. Pope mortally. 

From that time till the early days of July the Twenty -ninth were 
alternately in the works at the front, skirmishing with or watching 
the enemy, or a little distance at the rear to obtain sufficient rest to 
prevent the men from utterly breaking down, when they were de- 
tailed as provost guard for the division, and were thus employed for 
some three weeks. On the 23d the regiment was transferred to the 
First Brigade, of which General William F. Bartlett that day as- 
sumed command. Next day it returned to duty in the trenches and on 
the morning of the 30th took part in the terribly disastrous action of 
the Mine, in which, charging into the crater Avith its fellow-regiments 
of the First Division, followed by the other divisions of the Ninth 
Corps, it suffered from its short line the loss of three killed, seven 
wounded and six captured. General Bartlett being disabled by the 
shattering of his artificial leg and captured. Lieutenant Colonel 
Barnes took command of the brigade, and as Major Chipman had 
been for some time detailed to the command of the Fourteenth New 
York Pleavy Artillery, the command of the Twenty -ninth devolved 
upon Captain Tripp. Major Chipman Avas mortally wounded on the 
7th of August while on service with the Fourteenth. 

On the 15th of August the Ninth Corps, having been relieved l\v 
the Eighteenth, moved to the left and relieved the Fifth which in 
turn extended toward the Weldon Railroad, the permanent })osses- 
sion of which was very much desired by the Federal commanders. 
On the 19th the Nintli niin-ed out to connect with the Fifth, and 
Avhile on a march in a severe rain storm the enemy burst out of the 
woods near Blick's House and fell upon the unprepared column, 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 449 

which quickly formed line and repelled the assault, the Twenty- 
ninth losing six men wounded, one fatally. The extended line being 
intrenched was held for some time without events of particular 
moment. On the 1st of September the three white divisions of the 
corps were consolidated to two, the Twenty-ninth, with the Fifty- 
seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, Third Maryland, One Hun- 
dredth Pennsylvania and Fourteenth New York, constituting the 
Third Brigade, First Division. On the 10th, 83 recruits were re- 
ceived by the regiment, of which Lieutenant Colonel Barnes four 
days later took command, Colonel McLaughlen of the Fifty-seventh 
taking charge of the brigade. The regiment was detailed on the 
24th for a part of the garrison of Fort Howard, Avliere it remained 
till the 5th of October, when it returned to the brigade on duty at 
the front near Poplar Springs Church. 

Colonel Pierce was mustered out of service on the 8th of Novem- 
ber, as Lieutenant Colonel Barnes had been on the 9th of October, 
and Captain Tripp, who had been commissioned lieutenant colonel 
but not mustered, followed on the 13th of December. Cai)tain T. 
W. Clarke was commissioned colonel (but not mustered), Captain 
Charles D. Browne as lieutenant colonel, and Captain Richardson 
as major. The latter had command of the regiment during most of 
the winter, the two former having been detailed for staff duty. 

Comfortable Avinter quarters had been prepared by the men near 
Fort Sampson, when on the 29th of November the corps was ordered 
back to the right, and the Twenty-ninth took position as garrison of 
Battery No. 11, a very inoffensive earth-work, built for two guns, 
which had never been mounted. The other regiments of the brigade 
were disposed on like duty in the vicinity, and though often under 
fire the winter was passed without notable occurrence in the history 
of the regiment. It was destined, however, to bear an important 
I part in the battle of Fort Stedman on the 25th of March, 1865, 
[when the Confederates stealthily crept through the ravine some dis- 
[tance to the right of Battery 11 and poured into the rear of Sted- 
jman, capturing that work almost without a struggle. 

Becoming convinced that all was not right. Major Bichardson 

[roused his garrison, and not long after the enemy came stealing in 

at the rear of the redoubt. A furious hand to hand fight at once 

[ensued, resulting in the discomfiture of the foe at that point and 

[the capture of some 350 — nearly twice the number of the Twenty- 



450 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 

ninth engaged, though not without loss to the defenders. The Fifty- 
ninth Massachusetts under Major Gould was now Ijrought up as a 
reinforcement by General McLaughlcn, commanding the brigade, — 
the latter riding from the fort directly into the enemy's lines, where 
he was captured. Going out soon after to establish a picket line in 
the rear of the battery, Major Richardson found on falling back as 
the enemy advanced for a second assault that most of the garrison 
had evacuated the works, seeking safety in Fort Haskell. The re- 
sult was the capture of the major. Captain Taylor and a consider- 
able number of their brave subordinates. The entire corps was by 
this time under arms and the lost ground was sj^eedily regained. 
Battery 11 was soon retaken. Color Bearer Conrad Homan of the 
Twenty-ninth being the first to enter it, for which he received a 
commission as first lieutenant and a Medal of Honor. Apart from 
the wounded and the captured, whose numbers were not reported, 
the regiment lost ten killed, including First Lieutenant Nathaniel 
Burgess of Plymouth. The officers and men exhibited much bravery 
in the severe test to which they had been subjected, and many brevet 
})romotions were bestowed in recognition thereof. 

After the re-establishing of the lines the remnants of the regi- 
ment resumed duty as garrison of Battery 11, supported by the 
Fifty-seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, and the command was 
not further engaged during the remainder of the siege, though em- 
ployed somewhat in the demonstrations of the 1st and 2d of April, 
in connection with the storming of the Confederate lines. On the 
morning of the 3d the regiment passed over the lately hostile works 
and through the city of Petersburg, going on picket beyond the Ap- 
pomattox but on the 5th recrossed that stream and proceeded by 
easy stages to Wilson's Station, whence on the 21st the corps was 
ordered to Washington. The regiment reached Alexandria on the 
28th and the day following was detached as provost guard for 
Georgetown and for duty at General Willcox's district head-quarters. 
It thus did not partici])ate in the grand review of the 23d of May, 
being emj Joyed in guarding the streets. 

Colonel Clarke returned to the command on the 7th of June, and 
on the 9th the portion of the Thirty-lifth Regiment whose term of 
service did not date from the original muster of that organization 
Avas transferred by the election of the officers and men to the Twenty- 
ninth. On the same day Colonel Clarke's command marched to 



THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 451 

Tennallytown, Md., where it remained till the 29th of July, when 
it was mustered out of the national service and set out for Massa- 
chusetts, in company with the Fifty-seventh. The two regiments 
paraded in New York as they passed through and were addressed 
by General Burnside, continuing their journey homeward by the 
Shore Line railroad. It was not till the 11th of August that the 
Twenty -ninth were finally paid off and discharged, for which events 
the men waited at Readville, completing thus for seven of the com- 
panies a continuous service of four years and three months. 



THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirtieth Regiment was one of those raised by General 
Butler during the fall and early winter of 1861-2, at the 
time of the unfortunate misunderstanding between that offi- 
cer and Governor Andrew. It was at first known as the Eastern 
Bay State Regiment, and was organized at Camp Chase, Lowell, 
where recruits began to gather early in September and were mustered 
at various times during the remainder of the year and the early 
part of January. As no agreement was reached between General 
Butler and Governor Andrew as to its officers, the regiment left the 
state under the command of Acting Lieutenant Colonel Jonas H. 
French and Major Charles J. Paine, both of Boston, with an incom- 
plete corps of subordinates selected by General Butler. Leaving 
Camp Chase on the 2d of January, 1862, nine companies embarked 
on the steamer Constitution, and after lying in Boston Harbor till 
the 13th sailed for Fortress jMonroe, where they arrived on the 16th. 
Debarking on the 20th, the command encamped at Camp Stanton 
till the 2d of February. Re-embarking then, after making one or 
two vain efforts to get under way, it finally sailed on the 6th, and 
on the 12th reached its destination at Ship Island, where General 
Butler's force for the capture of New Orleans was being gathered 
and organized. The Thirtieth at once debarked and pitched their 
tents on the sandy expanse of the island, naming the location Camp 
Thompson. Com])any K arrived on the 9th of March, and during 
that month the matter of officers for the regiment was settled, the 
commissions issued by Governor Andrew being dated February 20, 
1862, and the name of the organization was changed to the Thirtieth 
Massachusetts. The following roster of officers includes the field 
and staff commissioned by the governor and the line officers serving 
with the several companies at the time they left Camp Chase: — 

Colonel, Nathan A. M. Dudley of Roxbnry; lieutenant colonel, 
William Warren r>ullock of Cambridge; major, Horace 0. Whittemore 



THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 453 

of Boston: surgeon, Samuel K. Towlc of Haverhill; assistant surgeon, 
Alfred F. Holt of Cambridge; chaplain, John P. Cleaveland of Low- 
oil; adjutant, Charles A. K. Dinion of Salem; quartermaster, James 

E. E>-<tal)rook of Worcester; sergeant major. Selden H. Loring of 
Marlboro; quartermaster sergeant, H. Warren Howe of Lowell; com- 
missary sergeant, Alfred h\ Fay of Boston; hospital steward, Jose])h 
Davis of Mcdford ; principal musician, Eoyal S. Ripley of North 
Chelmsford. 

Company A — Ca])tain, Henry C. Welles; first lieutenant, William 
G. Howe, both of Cambridge; second lieutenant, AVilliam H. Gardner 
of Boston. 

Company B, Lowell — Captain, Cadwallader 0. Blanchard; first lieu- 
tenant, James Farsou; second lieutenant, Edward A. Fiske. 

Company C, Lowell — Captain, Samuel D. Shipley; first lieutenant, 
William Lovering; second lieutenant, Kichard A. Elliott. 

Company D — Ca])tain, Marsh S. Ferris of Boston; first lieutenant, 
J. S. Fox; second lieutenant, Nathaniel K. Reed, both of Lowell. 

Company E — Captain, Robert 15. Brown; first lieutenant, Gurdon 
S. Brown; second lieutenant, William F. Clarke, all of Boston, 

Company F — Captain, Timothy A. Crowley; first lieutenant. Brent 
Johnson, Jr., both of Lowell; second lieutenant, H. A. Fuller of 
Dover. 

Company G-^-Captain. Daniel S. Yeaton; first lieutenant, Francis 
H. Whitiier, both of Lawrence ; second lieutenant, Frederick H. 
Norcross of Lowell. 

Com]iany H — Captain, John A. Nelson; first lieutenant, Harry 
Finnegau; second lieutenant, Adams Emerson, all of Chelmsford. 

Company I, Fire Zquaves — Captain, Eugene Kelty of Boston; first 
lieutenant, George Barker of Newburyport; second lieutenant, Joseph 
B. Prince, Jr., of Chelsea. 

Company K — Captain, Jeremiah R. Cook of Gloucester; first lieu- 
tenant. AVilliam H. Seamans of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Alfred 

F. Tremain of Gloucester. 

While the refusal of Governor Andrew to commission the field 
and some of the line officers selected by General Butler was a source 
of disappointment and vexation to those who had taken the places 
and given their time and effort in good faith to the organization of 
the regiment, General Butler provided on his staff and in other 
ways for many of the disai)pointed ones, and the appointments made, 
especially of the field officers, were well adapted to bring out the 
best that was in the regiment. Colonel Dudley was a captain in the 
regular army who had received leave of absence to take the higher 
rank in the volunteer service ; Lieutenant Colonel Bullock was a 
veteran of the Massachusetts militia, who held at the time of his 
appointment the rank of brigadier general ; while Major AVhitte- 



454 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. 

moi-e liad served as adjutant of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment 
during its three-months' term in the spring of 1861. The colonel 
and major assumed command on the 22d of March, and the lieuten- 
ant colonel on the 5th of April. In the organization of the expe- 
dition the regiment formed part of the Third Brigade, composed in 
addition of four Maine regiments, from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth 
inclusive, the First Maine Battery and one company of Massachu- 
setts cavalry. The brigade was commanded by Colonel George F. 
Shei)lcy of the Twelfth Maine. 

The regiment embarked on the ship North America April 15, 
anchoring three days later at the head of Southwest Pass in the 
Mississippi river, where it remained while the operations against the 
forts were being carried on. On the surrender of the forts General 
John W. Phelps with the Thirtieth Massachusetts, the Twelfth Con- 
necticut, and some detachments of other arms of the service, was 
ordered to occupy the strongholds. The regiment therefore sailed 
up the river on the 28th, and a detachment of some 200 under Major 
Whittemore landed and garrisoned Fort St. Philip ; but before prepa- 
rations for permanent occupation were made General Phelps was 
ordered to turn over the care of the forts to the Twenty-sixth Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, Colonel Jones, and proceed with his command 
to New Orleans, which he did, landing there on the 2d of May, the 
Thirtieth being ([uartered in Odd Fellows' Hall building. After a 
short stop in the city the regiment saildd uj) the river to Baton 
Rouge, from which soon after arriving it joined in a reconnaissance 
some 18 miles into the country, gathering some forage and captur- 
ing a few guerrillas. Lieutenant Colonel Bullock was detached 
fi-om the regiment on the 19th of June and placed in command of 
Fort Macomb, where he remained for some months. The reports 
of this i)eriod also indicate a reorganization of the brigades, the 
Tliirtieth Regiment at that time forming a part of the Second Bri- 
gade, General Thonuis Williams commanding, the other regiments 
of which were the Ninth Connecticut, Seventh Vermont, Sixth 
IMicliigan, Twenty-first Indiana and Fourth Wisconsin, with two 
batteries of artillery and a com})any of cavalry. 

Pi'cparations had meantime been made for sending General Will- 
iams with most of his brigade, the fleet under Farragut co-operat- 
ing, up the river to Vicksl)urg ; the intention being that a canal 
should be cut across the tongue of land opposite the city, to divert 



THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 455 

the river from its course, open conimuuication past the stronghold, 
and perhaps secure its fall. The Thirtieth set out on the IGth, four 
days in advance of the main body, going by steamer Iberville and 
making several stops along the river to drive away guerrillas, secure 
articles contraband of war, and the like. The rest of the expedition 
joined the regiment on the 20th, and the ascent of the river was 
continued, the most important stop being made in the vicinity of 
Grand Gulf City, where guerrilla bands had been especially active 
in firing on transports and similar outrages. After a long and 
severe march their camp was reached, but it had been deserted an 
hour before. The town which had harbored them was burned as a 
warning, and the troops re-embarked and came in sight of Yicks- 
burg on the 25th. The command at once landed, and while Company 
E of the Thirtieth acted as pioneers, establishing the lines and clear- 
ing the ground for the laborers, large details at once set about the 
work of excavating. \ot only did the soldiers labor, but as well 
they scoured the surrounding region and gathered negro laborers 
to the number of 2,000. For 25 days the task was prosecuted, and 
a cut 12 feet wide, the same depth, and one and a quarter miles in 
length was made. But it was all labor lost. The river fell so fast 
that it was found impossible to get its waters into the canal ; the 
health of the men gave way, and on the 23d of July the brigade 
embarked for Baton Rouge, which it reached on the 2Gth, the Thir- 
tieth being quartered in the State House. 

The regiment was still suffering from the sickness induced by the 
ex])osure on the Yicksburg expedition, when intelligence was re- 
ceived of the approach of the enemy in force ; the command, 350 
strong, formed line on the afternoon of August 4 and marched to 
the outskirts of the city, where position was taken with the right 
wing of its brigade, which under command of General Williams 
composed the entire Federal force at that place. The battle of 
Baton Rouge began the following morning and the Thirtieth Regi- 
ment after moving to various points took post in support of the 
Second Massachusetts Battery, the enemy soon opening a heavy lire 
from a thick piece of woods in front. Colonel Dudley being ap- 
pointed to the command of the right wing of the brigade, the regi- 
ment Avas left in charge of Major Whittemore, who handled it with 
al)ility. The light was long, considering the numbers engaged and 
the (Hose (juarters at which they fought — not over 50 yards separat- 



456 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ing the antagonists during much of the contest ; l)ut about 9 o'clock, 
after five hours of vain effort to crush the Union lines, the Con- 
federates withdrew and did not again renew the battle, though a 
renewal was awaited during the day and evening. The loss of the 
Thirtieth was comparatively slight, in numbers, being three killed 
and 15 wounded ; but among the dead was the brave Captain Kelty, 
who fell while deploying his Zouaves as shirmishers almost in the 
face of the enemy's line of Ijattle, — the acting adjutant and the 
quartermaster were among the wounded. 

The regiment remained in bivouac just at the rear of the scene 
of battle till the 10th, when there being no signs of a renewed at- 
tack it returned to the State House and next day joined with the 
brigade in forming an intrenched camp at the United States Arsenal 
Grounds, where with the gun-boats in the river covering the flank 
the command for ten days waited in constant expectation of the 
coming of the enemy. The post was then abandoned, the regiment 
embarking on transports and descending the river to Carrollton. 
There it went into camp near the river, the health of officers and 
men being badly broken by the exposures to which they had been 
subjected and the general effect of the climate, so that very few 
men were fit for duty. Two days later tlie camp was changed to 
Materie Ridge, some two miles distant, where the encampment was 
named Camp Williams, in honor of the brigade commander who 
had lost his life at Baton Rouge. While there a new brigade was 
formed, consisting of four infantry regiments, three batteries and 
a cavalry company, to the command of which Colonel Dudley was 
appointed, it being known as the Fifth Brigade. 

Major Whittemore remained in command of the regiment till the 
3(1 of November, when Lieutenant Colonel Bullock returned. Mean- 
while, on the loth of September the camp had been changed to Car- 
rollton in the hope of bettering the health of the soldiers. Many 
died of disease, — no less than 53 from October 1 to November 10, — 
and among those lost in this manner during that fatal autumn were 
Captains Crowley and Yeaton, who died on the 25th of October and 
28th of November rcs|)ectively. On the 3d of November the regi- 
ment moved to the United States Barracks, four miles l)elow New 
Orleans, where its camp was established, and with the Ninth Con- 
necticut and Twenty-sixth ]\Iassachiisetts Regiments and three bat- 
teries of artillery it became part of the garrison of the city, under 



THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 457 

command of T. W. Cahill. It was largely scattered during the win- 
ter, detachments being on duty in the city and at various other points, 
100 men being engaged in provost duty 40 miles down the river. 

This disposition continued till January 13, 1863, when General 
Banks having taken command of the Department and his fresh 
troops, largely nine-months' regiments, beginning to arrive, his 
forces were organized as the Nineteenth Army Corps. The Thir- 
tieth Regiment was transferred by the steamer Iberville to Baton 
Rouge, where with the Second Louisiana, One Hundred and Sixty- 
first and One Hundred and Seventy-fourth New York Regiments, 
to which the Fiftieth Massachusetts was added on its arrival, it 
formed the Third Brigade, First Division. Colonel Dudley was the 
commander of the brigade and General Grover of the division, but 
the latter was soon succeeded by General C. C. Augur. 

Some months passed in organization and preparation, during 
which the duty of the regiment was comparatively light. It joined 
jn the diversion to the rear of Port Hudson on the 14th of March, 
co-operative with the attempt of Commodore Farragut to run his 
fleet past the batteries, and after one day's march bivouacked near 
Montecino Bayou till the 18th, though on the 17th Dudley's Brigade 
made a hurried march of a few miles with the vain expectation of 
meeting the enemy. Returning to the camp at Baton Rouge the 
regiment proceeded at once up the river on the steamer Empire 
Parish to Winter's plantation, nearly opposite Port Hudson, where 
it debarked and encamped till the 26th, making one effort to pene- 
trate the country beyond, but the roads a few miles out were found 
impassable owing to a crevasse. It then returned to Baton Rouge 
and remained quietly there till the opening of the active campaign 
against Port Hudson. 

Camp was broken on the 12th of May and the regiment marched 
some 18 miles, crossing to the Bayou Sara road, where it encamped 
till the 21st, though several expeditions of a few miles were made in 
search of the enemy during the time. The movement was resumed 
on the 21st, with the Thirtieth leading the column ; but after mak- 
ing some five miles the advance encountered the Confederate out- 
posts near Plains Store, and the battle of that name began. Several 
companies of the Thirtieth were deployed as skirmishers, the others 
being assigned to the support of artillery, with which the battle was 
mainly fought. After the enemy had been driven from their position 



458 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

in front, thc}' delivered another attack, just as the Union troops 
were about bivouacking", by a force which had worked itself around 
to the rear; but that too was repulsed and the victors bivouacked 
on the field of action. The loss to the regiment had been but four 
wounded. The advance was resumed on the 24tli, when the Thir- 
tieth deployed as skirmishers in front of the enemy's works about 
Port Hudson, Quartermaster Fuller with the pioneers being sent 
forward to assist in working a battery from which it is claimed the 
first shots against the enemy were fired at noon of that day. From 
that time until the 17th of Jiyie the regiment was constantly on 
the alert, skirmishing, sharp-shooting, supporting batteries, moving 
hither and thither, performing all the duties of besieging troops. 
Its loss during this time was 19 wounded. For the remainder of 
the siege it was on picket near Plains Store. Twice when volun- 
teers for storming parties were called for did it respond nobly ; on 
the first occasion 52 and on the second 30 promptly stepping forward. 

Port Hudson having surrendered, the Thirtieth with other troops 
marched through the town on the 9th of July, taking transports at 
evening for Donaldsonville, where they debarked next morning, one 
man having been wounded on the way down by guerrilla fire from 
the shore. Two or three days elapsed, during which the vicinity 
was "felt" in quest of the enemy ; but on the morning of the 13th 
some companies of the Thirtieth acting as skirmishers found him 
in force at Kock's Plantation, near to the bivouac of the previous 
night, and a sharp engagement ensued hi which the body of the 
regiment soon became involved, and though flanked and forced to 
fall back with heavy loss, brought off by hand one of the two pieces 
of artillery which it had l)ecn supporting. Its loss in this engage- 
ment was eight killed, 37 wounded and one missing. On the 31st 
it took passage for Baton Rouge, returning to the old camp and re- 
maining there for a month. 

The resultless "Sabine Pass expedition" called the regiment from 
•amp on the 2d of September. It took })assage to New Orleans, 
whei-e it re-embarked and on the ship Graham's Polly, towed by a 
steamer, made the futile trip and returned to New Orleans, bivouack- 
ing at Algiers on the 12th. The time of service of the nine- 
months' troops having expired, the brigades, much reduced in num- 
bers, had been reorganized, the Thirtieth now forming pai-t of the 
First Brigade, First Division ; Colonel George M. Love of the One 



THE THIRTIETH 11 EG I ME NT. 459 

Hundred and Sixteenth New York coninianded the Ijrigadc, General 
Weitzel the division, and CJcneral Franklin the C(H-ps. ^Vfter four 
days passed at Algiers the regiment was transported hy rail to 
Brashear City, whence on the following day it crossed to Berwick, 
Avithin a few miles of which it remained till the 26th, when it 
marched to Camp Bisland, and stopped there with the exception 
of a day or two when absent on a foraging expedition till the 
3d of October. It then joined in the expedition up the Bayou 
Teche, involving some heavy marches and various perplexing duties, 
but being on its part bloodless. Carrion Crow Bayou was reached 
on the 11th, where the regiment remained till the 21st, when a day's 
march took it eight miles beyond Opelousas. There it encam})cd 
till the 1st of November, when the column began falling l)ack, the 
Thirtieth reaching Vermillionville next day. An atttack Avas ex- 
pected there during the afternoon of the 3d, and before light the 
following morning the brigade started back to Carrion Crow Bayou, 
marching the 13 miles within four hours ; leaving there on the 7tli 
the regiment moved southward on(;e more and at New Iberia on the 
9tli Avent into Avinter quarters. 

There it remained till the Tth of January, 1804. During that 
time 357 members re-enlisted and were mustered as veterans, for 
which they Avere to receive a furlough of 30 days. Lieutenant 
Colonel Bullock resigned on the 25th of November and Major 
"Whittemore was promoted, -Captain Francis H, Whittier being made 
major. About the same time the chaplaincy Avas filled by the com- 
missioning of B. Frank Whittemore of Berlin, Chai)lain CleaA'eland 
having resigned in the spring of 1862. On the Tth of January the 
quarters at New Iberia Avere (piitted, and on the 9th the regiment 
camped at Franklin. It remained there till the 18tli of February, 
when escorted to the landing by the rest of the brigade it embarked 
by steamer for lirashear as the first stage of its trip homeward on 
furlough. Cars continued the journey as far as Algiers, Avliere on 
the 19th the organization Avent into camp awaiting further transpor- 
tation. It crossed to Ncav Orleans on the 4th of March and took 
part in the inauguration of Michael Halm as governor of the state, 
AA'hich had been readmitted to the Union, and the succeeding day 
took passage by the steamer Mississippi for Ncav York ; there it was 
transferred to the Empire State for Fall River, going thence In' rail 
to Boston, various delays along the route having })rolouged the 



460 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

passage till early morning of the 19th. At noon there was a public 
reception at Fancuil fl^all, after which the men wore furloughed till 
the 18th of April, when the command re-assembled at Boston and 
on the 20th went into camp on Gallop's Island waiting for trans- 
portation to Louisiana. 

The return voyage began the od of May by the steamer Cassandra, 
and New Orleans was reached on the 16th. The regiment debarked 
next day and encamped at Chalmettc on the famous battle-ground 
of 1815, where for a day or two Colonel Dudley resumed command. 
A fine new flag was presented on the 28th, the gift of Massachusetts 
women. At the same time Lieutenant Colonel Whittemore, having 
resigned his commission, took leave of the regiment which he had 
commanded during a considerable portion of its service. Major 
Whittier was promoted to lieutenant colonel, but in his absence the 
regiment was commanded by Captain S. D. Shipley. It left camp 
on the 12th of June, going by the steamer Iberville to Morganzia, 
where it was for a few days attached to the First Brigade, First 
Division, Thirteenth Corps. It formed part of that brigade less 
than a week, however, and on the 26th was returned to the First 
Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Corps, with which it had been 
formerly associated. That brigade consisted in addition of the 
Twenty-ninth Maine, Ninetieth, One Hundred and Fourteenth, One 
Hundred and Sixteenth and One Hundred and Fifty-third New 
York Regiments, being commanded by-X)olonel George L. Beal of 
the Twenty-ninth. In the duty to which it was about to be sum- 
moned, General William Dwigbt commanded the division and Gen- 
eral William H. Emory the corps. 

The regiment sailed from Morganzia for New Orleans on the 2d 
of July, arriving there .next day and at once embarking on the 
steamer Mississippi with two other regiments of the brigade, under 
scaled orders. These when opened were found to be for Fortress 
Monroe, and reaching there on the 12th the troops were at once 
ordered forward to Washington, which was threatened by a Con- 
federate force in Maryland under General Early. The three regi- 
ments debarked at the national capital the following afternoon, and 
that night began marching north in pursuit of the enemy, who had 
been beaten back by the Sixth Corps, which had arrived from the 
Army of the Potomac a day or two previous. The Thirtieth moved 
by way of Poolesville, Md., forded the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, 



THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 401 

passing through Leesburg, and on the 18th connecting with the 
isixth Cor})S at Snickers Gap. On the 20th the regiment with its 
associates forded the Shenandoah and advanced a few miles toward 
Berryville, when it turned back and by heroic marches retraced its 
steps till on the 23d it crossed the Potomac at Chain Bridge and 
camped on the Georgetown Hights. Back again the column turned 
on the 26th, making its way through Maryland to Harper's Ferry, 
crossing the Potomac there on the 29th and camj)ing on Bolivar 
Hights. But the following day the burning of Chambersburg by 
McCausland showed that the enemy were on loyal soil in force, and 
back across the Potomac came the Union forces, to interpose against 
another raid in the direction of Washington or Baltimore. 

At midnight of the 31st the regiment bivouacked at Catoctin 
Creek, and next day marched to and through Frederick, encamping 
three miles out on the Emmittsburg road. There it remained till the 
2d of August, when it marched to Monocacy, east of Frederick, 
where on the following day Lieutenant Colonel Whittier rejoined it 
and took command. Again the order was across the river to Har- 
per's Ferry, but this time the regiment was moved by rail to Point 
of Rocks, and after encamping a day on the Maryland Hights crossed 
to Halltown, occupying ground just vacated by the enemy, where 
four days were given to needed rest while General Sheridan, who had 
recently taken command of the Department, was getting his forces 
in hand for a forward movement. 

This began on the 11th, and two days took the army to Cedar 
Creek, where it confronted the Confederates in a strong position till 
the night of the 15th, when the Union army began falling back by 
easy stages, reaching Bolivar Hights on the 22d. On the 3d of 
September the army moved forward once more, taking position and 
intrenching near Berryville, where it remained till the 19th. Gen- 
eral Grant had visited Sheridan and approved his plans, and the 
result was the decisive battle of the Opequan. When the advance 
was made on the morning of the 19th the Thirtieth Regiment was 
detached as train guard, but it resumed its place with the brigade — 
that day commanded by Colonel Davis — about the middle of the 
forenoon. The brigade was then in column by regiments, but it 
soon after deployed, bringing the Thirtieth on the extreme right of 
the line of battle, their right resting on a deep ravine through which 
ran a small stream. They were not very actively engaged while in 



462 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

this position, though suffering somewhat from the fire of a Confed- 
erate battery on their right. At one time they were ordered across 
the ravine in support of a skirmish line operating against the Ob- 
noxious battery ; but finding it strongly supported returned to their 
position, which was firmly held during the critical hours of the 
battle. When the Confederate lines finally gave back and then 
vere swept to the rear in disorder, the Thirtieth joined in the for- 
ward movement and bivouacked at dusk on the outskirts of Win- 
chester. Their loss during the battle had been two killed including 
Second Lieutenant John P. Haley of Chelsea, and ten wounded. 

The enemy were followed to Fisher's Hill, where on the 22d 
the regiment intrenched, four of its companies joining soon after 
noon in a demonstration against the rifle-pits of the enemy, some 
of which were captured. Later in the day the entire regiment ad- 
vanced in the general charge Avhich drove the Confederates from 
their works, its loss during the day being three killed and seven 
wounded. The pursuit continued during the night and with little 
actual rest for three days following, on the second of which the 
Thirtieth were deployed as skirmishers, pressing the enemy's rear 
guard all through the day. The column halted at Harrisonburg the 
25th, and remained there till the 6th of October, the Thirtieth going 
out once during the time as sup])ort to a cavalry reconnaissance. 
Moving back gradually to Cedar Creek, the corps encamped north 
of that stream on the 10th and fortified, and till the morning of 
the 19th the only event of moment in the experience of the Thirtieth 
was a reconnaissance to Strasburg on the 15th in which they acted 
as skirmishers. 

At daybreak each morning the troops " stood to arms," and ranks 
had just been broken on the morning of the 19th of October when 
the battle of Cedar Creek opened by a surprise of the camp of the 
Eighth Corps. Three regiments of Davis's Brigade were moved 
quickly to the rear of the camps and formed line west of the Win- 
chester pike, the Thirtieth in the center. As soon as the scattered 
Eighth Corps had cleared the front, fire was opened, but the brigade 
was almost at once flanked and ordered to retire. Becoming sepa- 
rated from its fellow-regiments in the movement, the Thirtieth find- 
ing some troops of the Sixth Corps in position joined them and made 
repeated charges ; but when a further retreat became necessary it 
discovered and joined its corps, still falling back from one position 



THE THIRTIETH REG HI EXT. 463 

to another till near noon, when it advanced some distance and took 
position in a piece of woods. The Confederates attacked again soon 
after, but their force had been spent and the Union lines proved too 
firm for their feeble endeavors. About the middle of the afternoon 
the Federal army was ordered to advance. On its part of the line 
Davis's Brigade led, driving the foe from behind a stone-wall, back 
through the woods and across an open field ; stopping to reform the 
line and with a change of direction pressing forward again till about 
6 o'clock the fiag of the Thirtieth (said to have been first to do so) 
Avaved over the line of intrenchments from which the Union army 
had been driven in the morning. But the success had not been 
lightly gained, and the record of the day showed the regiment to 
have lost 13 killed, 95 wounded and 19 missing. Among the killed 
were First Lieutenants George F. Whitcomb and Adjutant William 
F. Clark. — the latter being honored by Governor Andrew with a 
comjjlimentary commission as major of the regiment, that office 
being then vacant. In the series of battles thus closed the regiment 
had been ably commanded by Captain Shipley, the senior officer 
present for duty. 

But the activities of the day were not over, so far as the Thirtieth 
were concerned, for late in the evening they were ordered to Stras- 
burg and on the bights there remained under arms during the night. 
In the morning they were detailed as support to a cavalry recon- 
naissance, on which duty they served till noon, being then relieved 
and re])orting back to the brigade, which during the afternoon re- 
occupied the former camp north of Cedar Creek. The rest which 
followed was very grateful, lasting as it did with but light duty till 
the 9th of November. During this time the number present for 
duty was largely increased by the arrival of 178 recruits, most of- 
them strangers to "the art of war" and many of them foreigners. 
The camp was withdrawn 12 miles toward Winchester on the 9th of 
Xovemljer, a position being occupied between Newtown and Kerns- 
town which was intrenched and where soon after log huts were built 
for winter quarters. The enemy made his appearance in front on 
the 12th of November, feeling tlie Urtion picket lines at varior.s 
points ; that afternoon the First Brigade under Colonel Dudley ad- 
vanced some three miles, drivino; back whatever force was encoun- 
tered, and no further demonstrations took place. 

But the regiment was not destined to pass the winter in the com- 



464 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

fortable quarters which had been provided by the skill of the men. 
Most of the troops in the Valley, now that their services were no 
longer in demand to meet an active enemy, were ordered to other 
fields, and on the 30th of December the brigade marched to and 
through Winchester to the crossing of the Opequan, where the Thir- 
tieth were detached from the column and put in charge of the 
bridges at that point and other interests in the vicinity. The detail 
was an important one, as the guerrilla l)ands in the neighborhood 
were especially anxious to destroy those bridges, knowing the mis- 
chief it would work with the communications of the troops whom 
the railroad supplied. Almost nightly there were alarms resulting 
from some of these efforts, but no damage was done nor were any 
members of the command captured, so perfect was the system of 
the defenders. About the middle of February, 1865, Colonel Dudley 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, as were the few officers 
and men who had served three years and had not re-enlisted, but 
the opening of the final campaign found the regiment in respectable 
numbers and the best of morale. 

The Thirtieth were relieved on the 1st of April by dismounted 
cavalry, rejoining the brigade at Stevenson's Depot and marched 
that day to Kernstown. During the next three weeks some marches 
were made, the regiment at one time being moved back to the cross- 
ing where it had passed the winter ; but on the 21st it took cars to 
Washington, arriving there next morning and remaining in the 
vicinity till the 1st of June, taking part in the great review on the 
24th of May and looking for the time when it could follow the de- 
parting regiments homeward. That, however, was a vain hope, as 
it had been selected for other important if not dangerous service ; 
it embarked on the Matanzas June 1 and the day following steamed 
away for Savannah, Ga. It landed there on the 6th, and bivouacked 
near the city for a week, when with its l)rigade it took ])assage to 
Georgetown, S. C., reached there on the 14th and remained till the 
27th. The left wing under Major S. D. Shipley — promoted from 
captain February 17 — was then moved to Florence, of prison-pen 
notoriety, Avhence in a few days it went to Sumter. The right wing 
marched by night from Georgetown to Florence between the 6th 
and JLOth of the month, whence three companies were detailed as 
guard at the head quarters of the Military District of Eastern South 
Carolina. Head-quarters of the regiment were established at Sum- 



I 



I 



TEE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 465 

ter, two companies being stationed at Camden and one at Manning; 
their duties, in the language of the oihcial report, being "to pri- 
serve order, settle disputes, encourage industry and compel obedience 
to the laws and orders among the whites and freedmen." Wh.le 
some of these may naturally be considered peculiar duties to com- 
mit to soldiery, it must also be borne in mind that the condition of 
affairs was one unique in the history of the nation and of the world. 

Before the close of the year every other volunteer organization 
from Massachusetts with a single exception (the Twenty-fourth 
Regiment) had been mustered out of the national service, and early 
in the year 1866 the Twenty-fourth went home, but it Avas not till 
the early days of July following that the Thirtieth were released, 
after having maintained their organization for more than four years 
and a half, being mustered out on the 5th of July, 1866. The last 
year of their service had l)cen in no way trying, apart from its irk- 
some restraint from the pleasures of home and civil life ; the dis- 
cipline and morale of the regiment were preserved, the health of men 
and officers was good and the duties devolving upon them were light. 

While the Thirtieth Regiment was not during its long term of 
service so severely battle-tried as many that served much shorter 
periods, its loss from disease was especially heavy, so that few ex- 
ceeded it in the number of lives ii'iven in the cause. 



THE THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-first Regiment was also raised by General Butler 
in the fall and winter of 1861-2, and was at first known as 
the Western Bay State Regiment. It gathered on the fair- 
grounds at Pittsfield, using the Agricultural hall as barracks, the 
location being known as Camp Seward. The immediate command 
devolved upon Charles M. Whelden of Pittsfield, under a warrant 
from General Butler, promising him a commission as lieutenant 
colonel when the regiment should be officered. Owing to the mis- 
understanding between the general and Governor Andrew, the field 
officers selected by the former were not commissioned, but Lieutenant 
Colonel Whelden, who was one of the disappointed, was appointed 
on the staff of General Butler with the promised rank. After 
being recruited nearly to the maximum the command was transfer- 
red to Camp Chase at Lowell about the first of February, where it 
remained till ordered to the front. 

The matter of commissions had not been settled when, on the 
19th of February, 1862, marching orders were received and on the 
following day the regiment embarked at Boston on the transport 
steamer Mississippi, which took from the Bay State so many organiza- 
tions. Sailing on the 21st, the vessel proceeded to Fortress Monroe, 
where it took aboard General Butler and his staff, and on the 26th 
again sailed, destined for Ship Island on the Mississippi coast, which 
had been selected as the rendezvous for the expedition. There was 
much delay, however, in reaching the destination. The steamer had 
on l)oard the regiment. General Butler and his staff and four com- 
panies of the Thirteenth Maine Regiment, and had nearly reached 
the Hatteras Inlet when a storm came on, necessitating standing to 
sea during the night of the 26th and the day following. Morning 
of the 28th found the steamer aground near Cape Fear, and she was 
only got off by the utmost exertions of the crew and the soldiers, 



THE THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 467 

with the assistance of the United States steamer Mount Vernon. 
The vessel was damaged so that she leaked badly, and an anchorage 
was made in the Cape Fear river, witliin sight of the Confederate 
Fort Caswell. After 2-1 hours spent there the leak was somewhat 
repaired, and under convoy of the Mount Vernon the steamer pro- 
ceeded to Port Royal, where she anchored on the evening of March 
2. The soldiers were landed at Seabrook Plantation, the leak of 
the Mississii)pi being repaired, so that they were taken aboard on 
the 10th, and after some accidents, and getting aground once or 
twice in the harbor, sail was finally made for Ship Island, which was 
reached on the 20th, the troops being landed on the 23d. 

In the mean time the matters at issue between General Butler 
and the United States government on the one hand and Governor 
Andrew on the other had finally been adjusted, and commissions had 
•been issued for the regiment, the designation of which was changed 
from the Western Bay State Uegiment to the Thirty-first Massachu- 
setts. The list of officers was as follows, most of the commissions 
dating from the 20th of February, 1862:— 

Colonel, Oliver P, Gooding of Indiana; major, Robert Bache of 
Pittsfield; surgeon, Eben K. Sanborn of Rutland, Vt.; assistant sur- 
geons, Edwin C. Bidwell of aMiddletield and Jause T. Paine of Charles- 
town; adjutant, Elbert H. Fordham of Pittsfield; quartermaster, 
James W. Gushing of Roxbury; chaplain, Francis E. R. Chubbuck of 
Pittsfield; sergeant major, Henry I). Barber of Worcester; quarter- 
master sergeant, Charles S. Rust of Pittsfield; commissary sergeant, 
Henry Moore of Hartford, Ct. ; hospital steward, George W. Scary of 
Pittsfield; principal musician, Otis Pratt of Sutton, 

Company A — Captam, Edward P. Hollister; first lieutenant, Elbert 
H. Fordham (afterward adjutant), both of Pittsfield. 

Company B — Captain, Elisha A. Andrews; first lieutenant, Horace 
F. Morse, both of Southampton. 

Company C — Captain, John W. Lee of Buckland; first lieutenant, 
Emory P. Andrews of Rowe. 

Company D — Captain, William S. B. Hopkins of Ware; first lieu- 
tenant, W. Irving Allen of Vernon, N. J.; second lieutenant, Luther 
C. Howell of Elmira, N. Y. 

Company E — Captain, Edward P. Nettleton of Chicopee; first lieu- 
tenant, Lester M. Hayden of JN'orth xVdams. 

Company F — Captain, Elliott C. Bridgman of Belchertown; first 
lieutenant. Joseph L. Hallett; second lieutenant, Frank A. Cook, both 
of Springfield. 

Company G — Captain, George S. Darling of Roxbury; first lieuten- 
ant. L. Frederick Rice of Boston. 

Company H — Captain, Edward Page, Jr., of Boston; first lieuten- 



468 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ant, Orrin L. Hopkins of Millbury; -second lieutenant, Nelson F. 
Bond of Ware. 

Company I — Captain, W. "W. Rockwell of Pittsfield; first lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin F. Morey of Lee; second lieutenant, David Perry of 
Richmond. 

Company K — Captain, Samuel D. Hovey of Cambridge; first lieu- 
tenant, Fordyce A. Rust of Easthampton. 

Colonel Gooding, who took command of the regiment just before 
it left the state, was a lieutenant of the Tenth United States In- 
fantry, and a most efficient officer. The office of lieutenant colonel 
was not filled at first, Captain Hopkins being promoted to fill the 
vacancy some months later, and it was a long time before the full 
list of line officers Avere commissioned. Among the first deaths in 
the regiment was that of Surgeon Sanborn, which occurred on the 
3d of April at Ship Island. Near the close of the month Assistant 
Surgeon BidwcU was commissioned surgeon, and Assistant Surgeon 
Paine being promoted to a full surgeoncy in Louisiana troops, the 
vacancies in the surgical staff of the Thirty-first were filled later 
by the appointment of Henry W. Browne of Medway and Floyer 
G. Kittredge of Harvard. 

The regiment was among the last of General Butler's troops to 
reach the Island, and was assigned to the Second Brigade, com- 
manded by General Thomas Williams. In that organization it 
w^as associated with the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts, Twenty-first 
Indiana, Sixth Michigan and Fourth Wisconsin Regiments, the 
Second and Sixth Massachusetts Batteries and one company of 
cavalry. It embarked on the steamer Mississippi, April 18, and as- 
cended the Mississippi river to the vicinity of Forts Jackson and 
St. Philip, which had been engaged by the naval part of the expedi- 
tion. As it was decided to land troops in the rear of those forts to 
assist in the operations against them, the steamer conveying the 
Thirty-first dropped down the Mississippi to the Gulf and the regi- 
ment was landed as near as possible to the hostile works, but had 
scarcely got ashore when the latter were surrendered. The troops 
therefore re-embarked and ascended the river to New Orleans, where 
the Thirty-first Massachusetts was the first regiment to land. The 
levee and the vicinity were cleared of the excited po])ulace by Com- 
pany D, Captain Hopkins, the regimental line was formed and Gen- 
eral Butler and his suite were escorted to the St. Charles Hotel, 
where his head-quarters were established. The peaceful occupation 



THE rniRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 469 

of the city being assured, the regiment was quartered at the Custom 
House, being largely engaged in provost and like duties, changing 
its location afterward to Annunciation Square. The summer passed, 
so far as the Thirty-first were concerned, without events of marked 
importance, and during August the command was considerably 
separated; the larger i)art under Colonel Gfooding went down the 
river to garrison Forts Jackson and St. Pliilip, while a part of the 
remainder continued on duty at New Orleans and a part garrisoned 
Fort Pike. 

Some changes of position were made, but the year ended with 
five companies at Fort Jackson, three at Fort Pike and two at Ken- 
neville, some ten miles above Carrollton. The first and last named 
of the detachments were united about the 20th of January, 1863, 
the command of the department having passed to General Banks 
and the troops under his command having been organized as the 
Nineteenth Army Corps. Under this arrangement the seven com- 
panies of the Thirty-first Regiment became part of the Third Bri- 
gade, Third Division, the associate regiments being the Thirty- 
eighth and Fifty-third Massachusetts, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth 
and One Hundred and Scventv-fifth New York. Colonel Goodinu- 
took command of the l)rigade and General William H. Emory of the 
division. Lieutenant Colonel Hopkins, having been promoted from 
captain, took command of the regiment soon after. On its organiza- 
tion the brigade was stationed at Carrollton, where other troops of 
the corps were being gathered for the contemplated campaign. 

The division set out on the 12th of February for an expedition 
down Plaquemine Bayou, intending the capture of Butte a la Rose 
at the head of Grand Lake ; but the bayous were found to be im- 
passable and the troops returned to camp after a week's absence, the 
Thirty-first having lost two men drowned. On the Gth of March 
the division was transferred to Baton Rouge, and soon after reach- 
ing there set out upon the first demonstration against Port Hudson, 
the ol:)ject of which was to assist the fleet in running the batteries. 
The Thirty-first formed during this movement part of the force sent 
to the right of the main body to protect the flank in that direction, 
and it was not till the 20tli of March that it returned to Ijaton 
Rouge, where the remainder of the month was passed. A consider- 
able force of the enemy threatening New Orleans from the rear, a 
portion of General Banks's army, including Emory's Division, was 



470 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

sent to clear the Confederates away preliminary to decided o]:)era- 
tions against Port Hudson. This force, including the Thirty-lirst 
Regiment, left Baton Rouge on the 1st of April for Algiers, stopped 
there till the 9th, and on the 11th advanced against the Confeder- 
ates who were in force and prepared to make a stand at Fort Bisland. 

Advancing from Pattersonville on the 12th, the regiment crossed 
the Bayou Teche by the ponton bridge, and accompanied by the One 
Hundred and Seventy-fifth New York and a section of artillery ad- 
vanced up the east side of that stream until fire was opened from 
the hostile works. After an artillery fight of some 45 minutes the 
regiment withdrew for a short distance and bivouacked for the night, 
with a strong picket line, and next morning more serious fighting 
began, the seven companies of the Thirty-first being deployed as 
skirmishers and engaging the enemy steadily for some three hours. 
Being then relieved to replenish their cartridge boxes, they supported 
the New York regiment during the rest of the day. On the morn- 
of the 14th four companies were deployed to relieve the pickets of 
the New York regiment, and Company D, penetrating the Confeder- 
ate works, found them to have been abandoned during the nialit. 
The loss of the regiment was one killed and five wounded. 

The expedition advanced by way of Opelousas to Alexandria on 
the Red river, which was reached early in May. Returning thence 
toward Port Hudson, the object of the demonstration having been 
effected in the driving back and scattering of the Confederate forces 
under General Richard Taylor, the regiment crossed the Mississippi 
at Bayou Sara on the 22d and the following day took position before 
the hostile works in front of Port Hudson. During the siege which 
followed the Thirty-first, numbering some 300 men for duty, took 
their full share of the trying experiences of assault, picket and 
fatigue duty. Their total loss during the time was 14 killed and 
48 wounded, one-half of this loss being sustained in the attack of 
the 14th of June, when during the entire day the regiment lay in 
line of battle next to the skirmish line, without the opportunity to 
fire a gun, to advance or retreat. Indeed no one seemed to think 
of the latter, for in all its experiences the command won an enviable 
record for steadfast gallantry and endurance. 

On the capitulation of the stronghold the Thirty-first were selected 
to witness with a few other favored commands the formal surrender; 
but before the act was consummated the division, then under com- 



THE TniRTT-FIBST REGIMENT. 471 

mand of General Weitzel, was embarked with all haste for the relief 
of Dunaldsonville, then invested by a considerable force of the 
"enemy. The latter retired with scarcely the semblance of an en- 
gagement on finding that the main body of Banks's army was now 
at liberty, and after remaining there till the 2d of September the 
regiment with other troops returned to Baton Rouge, where on the 
9th the three companies which had been garrisoning Fort Pike re- 
joined the main body, the command being reunited for the first time 
since landing at New Orleans, nearly 17 months l)efore. The nine- 
months' troops which had formed a considerable part of General 
Banks's army during the early part of the year having been mus- 
tered out, the corps was reorganized, the Thirty-first becoming a 
part of the Second Brigade, First Division. The place of the Fifty- 
third Massachusetts Regiment was taken by the One Hundred and 
Twenty-eighth New York ; no other change occurred in the make-up 
of the brigade, which continued under the command of Colonel 
Gooding, General Weitzel commanding the division. Various in- 
cursions were made by detachments into the surrounding country 
during the autumn ; but beyond the gathering of large quantities 
of contraband goods and supplies no event of importance occurred. 
In the various expeditions the regiment lost four wounded ; but it 
suffered much from sickness during the summer months, and like 
all other regiments, in the department, lost far more from that 
cause than from the bullets of the foe. Among those dying from 
disease were two esteemed officers — First Lieutenant F. A. Cook of 
Springfield and Captain W. W. Rockwell of Pittsfield, the former 
August 6 and the latter December 3, 1863. 

The winter was devoted largely to strengthening the cavalry branch 
of the Army of the Gulf, in anticipation of the spring campaign, 
and several infantry regiments were armed and mounted as cavalry, 
among them the Thirty-first Massachusetts'. The latter was ordered 
to New Orleans on the 9th of December and reported to General 
Lee, Banks's chief of cavalry, being ordered to Carrollton for en- 
cam})ment. On the 19th the command was formally changed to 
the new arm, the men being supplied with sabers and revolvers at 
once. The scarcity of horses prevented an immediate mounting of 
the entire regiment; but that was hardly regretable, for the condi- 
tion of the ground in the vicinity of the camp necessitated l)oth 
that the aninuvls should stand in the mud and water which was un- 



472 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

avoidable, and that the men should flounder through the mire in 
caring for them. In fact the camp itself was little better, and much 
sickness resulted from the inevitable exposure to dampness and- 
malaria. But a change was made on the 13th of January, 1864, to 
New Orleans, where the regiment was quartered in the Levee Cotton 
Press ; the outfit was here completed and the men were hard drilled 
to accustom them to the new order of things. The regiment formed 
a part of the Fourth Cavalrv Brigade, under command of Colonel 
Dudley of the Thirtieth Massachusetts; the regiments associated 
with it being the Third Massachusetts, Second New Hampshire 
(Eighth Infantry), and Second Illinois. It was thenceforth famil- 
iarly known as the Sixth Massachusetts Cavalry, though officially it 
continued to be designated as the Thirty-first. During the latter 
part of the winter many of the original members re-enlisted, 330 
being mustered on the 23d of February. 

The campaign of 1864, so far as the cavalry was concerned, be- 
gan on the 29th' of February, when the Fourth Brigade crossed the 
Mississippi to Algiers and set out upon the march to Berwick City. 
The route led up the river to Donaldsonville, down the La Fourche 
Bayou via Thibodeaux, the distance being 150 miles, the last 50 of 
which were made by the Thirty-first and the Second Wisconsin on 
the 8th of April in compliance with orders for two regiments of the 
brigade to reach Brashear that night. Four days more brought the 
regiment to the vicinity of Franklin where the infantry of the Nine- 
teenth Corps had passed the winter and was now in readiness for 
the forward movement toward the Red river. The march was re- 
sumed on the 13th, and passing Opclousas on the 16th, the column 
on the 20th reached Alexandria and the rcghnent encamped two 
miles beyond the town. It marched 20 miles further the next 
day, in a severe storm, in support of a force sent out to surprise a 
post of the enemy at Henderson Hill, and on the successful termina- 
tion of that enterprise returned to Alexandria on the 22d and en- 
joyed a few days of rest after the hard marching for three weeks. 
Only eight companies shared in the subsequent experiences of the 
ex})edition. Company I being detached for duty at the division head- 
quarters and Company D at those of the brigade. 

Tlie advance up the Red river began on the 26th, the cavalry in 
the lead, and continued, now rapidly, now slowly, till the 8th of 
April, when Sabine Cross Roads were reached. During these 12 



THE TUIRTY-FIliST EEGIilEyT. 473 

days the Thirty-first had their full share of the hardships of such an 
undcrtakiim'. Almost continuallv in the advance, now skirmishino; 
Avith the enemy, whose forces constantly fell back with more or less 
resistance, now sending out detachments for long" and dangerous 
excursions; on the alert by day and night, feeling the way for the 
coming of the main body, the Thirty-first with the rest of the cavahy 
penetrated the country till on the morning of the 8th the main force 
of the enemy was encountered. The battle which followed was a 
disastrous one for the small part of Banks's army on which the Con- 
federate attack fell, but the Thirty-first, posted in the woods at 
the extreme left of the Union line, with the Third Massachusetts 
at its right, held its ground bravely till after the entire Union right 
had been forced from the field ; and difficult as was the ground, a 
portion of the regiment charged desperately against the advancing 
enemy, though unable to do more than give temporary check. The 
regiment was under command of Cai)tain Nettlcton, the senior offi- 
cer present, and suffered a total loss of 62, eight of whom were 
killed and 28 wounded, the remainder being taken })risoncrs. Tliat 
night the Union army fell back to Pleasant Hill, and in the battle 
there the Thirty-first took no part, being detailed as guard of wagon 
trains and reaching Grand Ecore at night of the 10th. There the 
regiment remained for 11 days, and while there some changes took 
place among its commanders. Lieutenant Colonel Hopkins and 
Major Bache resigned on the 14th, Captain Nettlcton becoming 
senior officer. He was in due time commissioned lieutenant colonel 
and Captain Fordham was promoted to major. At the same time 
the command of the brigade was transferred to Colonel E. J. Davis 
of the First Texas Cavalry, and Company D was relieved from duty 
at brigade head-quarters. 

The Union army continued its retreat down the river on the 21st, 
the cavalry again feeling the Avay for the infantry colunni. Tliere 
was skirmishing on the 22d, and next day the battle of Cane River 
was fought. After opening the fight the troopers relinquished it to 
the infantry when they came up, the Fourth Brigade being sent on a 
detour to operate against the Confederate right. The enemy were 
forced from their position, the Thirty-first not being seriously en- 
gaged during the day and losing but one man killed. They were in 
the advance on the 24th to Henderson's Hill, and during the night 
and next day remained in line of battle while the army passed. 



4'74 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAS. 

They then became a part of the rear guard, and during the next 
three days were much of the time skirmishing with the enemy, who 
closely followed the retiring army. Alexandria was I'eached on the 
28th, and a halt was made there by the main body for some two 
weeks ; but during that time the cavalry were far from idle. 

The brigade, having been reinforced by the addition of the Third 
Maryland Cavalry, crossed the Red river on the 30th and advanced 
some 25 miles inland to destroy a mill and look for any hostile force 
which might be in that direction. An infantry division of the ISix- 
teenth Corps followed for a few miles as a support. The Thirty- 
first led the column on the outward movement, and when the return 
began on the 1st of May formed the rear guard. An encounter 
Avith the enemy occurred at Hudnot's Plantation, one-third of the 
way Ijack to Alexandria, the latter making an attack which was re- 
pulsed after a short fight, the Thirty-first in the closing moments 
delivering a counter charge which was very successful. The return 
to Alexandria was then continued without further molestation. In 
the engagement at Hudnot's the loss was one killed and eight 
wounded, among the latter being Captain Nettleton. The command 
devolved upon Captain Fordham during the subsequent operations. 
A part of the regiment under his direction had a sharp brush with 
the Confederates on the 3d while on a foraging expedition Avith 
troops of General Mower's command, and won a high compliment 
from that officer for their gallant and efficient action. The loss was 
two killed and four wounded. Six days later the brigade relieved 
other troops as an outpost on the Opelousas road, seven miles from 
Alexandria, and remained there till the movement toward the Mis- 
sissippi was resumed on the 14th. 

The regiment with the Second Illinois formed the rear guard on 
that day, and early in the afternoon repelled an attack in which the 
Thirty-first lost two men killed and one wounded. Skirmishing 
followed daily, in which they took active part, with the loss of two 
members captured on the 17th, one of whom Avas Assistant Surgeon 
Elisha P. Clark of Milford. In the battle of YelloAv Bayou on the 
18th the regiment took an important part. At the opening of the 
engagement one-half of the command was sent to the right and the 
other half to the left of the Union line ; but as the action developed 
the former detachment, after fighting till its ammunition was ex- 
hausted, withdrew and joined the Aving at the left. The latter Avas 



THE THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 475 

posted covering the flank, but at the approach of the Confederates 
in force the defection of the infantry connection left the regiment 
in a critical condition. It was in fact at one time almost sur- 
rounded ; but lighting its way resolutely back it gained at length a 
more favorable position, and when the fire of a friendly battery had 
checked the advance of the enemy Captain Fordham and his com- 
mand gallantly charged and drove them back in rout, capturing a 
considerable number of prisoners. The Union forces then held the 
ground till late in the evening, when they retired across the bayou. 
The Thirty-first lost at Yellow Bayou eight killed and 2-1 wounded. 

The army continued its march on the 10th to Simmsport, crossing 
the Atchafalaya by a bridge of river steamers anchored across the 
stream. The Thirty-first again resumed its familiar place as rear 
guard on the 20th, but there was no further skirmishing, as the 
Confederates did not cross the Atchafalaya, and on the 22d the col- 
umn halted at Morganzia. From that time till the 29th of June 
the regiment was almost constantly engaged in scouting duty and 
expeditions of some sort, often encountering the enemy, but having 
no serious conflict. On the 29th the members turned in their horses 
in preparation for the veteran furlough to which they Avere entitled 
on account of re-enlistment, and on the 3d of July descended the 
Mississippi to Algiers, where until the 21st they reoccupied their old 
camp of some two years before. Transportation was then taken on 
the steamer Pauline Carroll to Cairo, en route to Massachusetts, 
where the veterans arrived on the 4th of August, leaving those not 
entitled to furlough under command of Captain Morse at New 
Orleans, guarding Confederate prisoners of war. The veterans were 
quartered at Boylston Hall, Boston, till the 6th, when a recc])lion 
was tendered them and the men were furloughed for a month, to 
reassemble at Pittsfield. 

While in Massachusetts the Thirty-first was by order of the War 
Department restored to its former status of an infantry regiment, 
and armed with S])ringficld muskets. It left Pittsfield on the 8th 
of September, passing that night in the barracks at New York and 
the following day sailing for New Orleans on the steamer Victor. 
Arriving at its destination on the 19th, the command reported to 
General T. W. Sherman commanding the defenses of New Orleans, 
but was almost immediately ordered by General Canby, command- 
ing the Department of the Gulf, to be remounted as cavalry, in pur- 



476 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

suance of which it was sent to the cavalry camp at New Orleans. 
While there Companies F and H were detached for duty at Plaque- 
mine, where they remained till Fehruary of the following year, on 
outpost and scouting. While thus occupied the detachment several 
times came in conflict with the enemy, having two men killed and 
a, few wounded and captured. The main body of the regiment Avas 
on the 15th of November attached to the Fifth Cavalry Brigade, 
where it once more came under the command of Colonel Gooding, 
who had been at the head of that brigade during the year. This 
relation did not long continue, however, for on the 19th the term of 
the non-veteran members of the first four companies of the regiment 
expired and they were mustered out of service, with a portion of the 
officers, including Colonel Gooding and Major Fordham. This com- 
pleted on the 26th, the command was reduced to a battalion of five 
companies, under Lieutenant Colonel Nettleton. The latter, how- 
ever, being on court-martial duty at the time, the command of the 
regiment temporarily devolved upon Captain W. Irving Allen. 

On the 27th of November Captain Allen with his command was 
ordered to occupy the eastern shore of the Mississippi river opposite 
Donaldsonville. The territory to be covered extended to the Amite 
river, and as much trouble had been experienced there from the in- 
cursions of guerrilla bands, the assignment of the regiment to so 
extensive and imjiortant a field was sufficient assurance of the con- 
fidence reposed in it. The event showed that it was not misplaced. 
Previous garrisons of the region had been surprised and outwitted 
generall}^ by the enemy ; but not so the Thirty-first. They im- 
mediately began to hunt out the bands and squads that were to be 
found in the vicinity ; two notorious guerrilla leaders, McRory and 
King, were slain, and the reign of good order and security was 
established through the section. So marked was this result that 
when the battalion was ordered to other duty. General Sherman, 
commanding the defenses of New Orleans, issued a General Order 
thanking Captain Allen and his command for their "uniform good 
conduct and the signal success Avhich had attended their opera- 
tions." '^riie original term of enlistment of all the companies ex- 
pired before the close of the year 1864, but it Avas not till near the 
close of February, 1865, that the consolidation to a battalion of five 
companies was completed, and in the early days of March 33 re- 
cruits from Massachusetts were received. 



THE THIRTY-FIRST ItEGIMENT. 477 

j\Ieantime, an order had been issued on the 8th of Fel)riuiry creat- 
inii" what Avas called the Separate Cavalry Brigade, consistinjji; of the 
Thirty -first, the Second New York, Second Illinois and First Louis- 
iana Cavalry Regiments, with General Thomas J. Lucas as brigade 
counnandcr. The regiments were ordered to assemble at CarroUton 
immediately, and Lieutenant Colonel Nettleton, at his urgent re- 
(juest, was excused from court-martial duty at New Orleans to take 
command of his battalion. The detachment at Plaquemine sailed 
down the Mississippi on the 6th of March, destined for Barrancas, 
Fla., where General Steele's column was gathering for the intended 
movement against Mobile, Ala., and the remainder of the battalion 
followed in a day or two, embarking at Hickox's Landing on Lake 
Pontchartrain. After a few days in camp the column began the 
march on the 19th, fording to the main land that afternoon and set- 
ting out from Pcnsacola the next day. The column was composed 
of two divisions of infantry (one colored), the Separate Brigade of 
Cavalry, to which was attached the Second Massachusetts Battery, 
and two other light batteries, and was intended to reach the defenses 
of Mobile from the rear while the main army under General Canby 
operated in front. The roads were very bad and the progress of the 
troops was slow and difficult ; there were numerous slight skirmishes 
with the enemy ; but the most serious difficulty came from the im- 
possibility of adequately provisioning the men and obtaining forage 
for the horses. The troops were put upon half rations on the 26th, 
and even these failed a few days later till on the 31st a grist-mill 
with a quantity of corn was found which was at once put in opera- 
tion and soon furnished a moderate supply of corn meal. 

At night of the 1st of April the vicinity of the Confederate out- 
posts at Blakely was reached and the enemy were driven behind 
their works. The force under Canby joined that of Steele on the 
2d, and a week later Spanish Fort and Blakely had fallen, involving 
the surrender of Mobile, which came on the 12th. In the mean 
time, the Thirty-first had on the 4tli been detached from the brigade 
and ordered to duty at General Canby's head-quarters. The bat- 
talion engaged at once in the duties of the new position, furnishing 
escorts and orderlies for the various head-quarters till the removal 
of General Canby to New Orleans on the 29th of May, when it re- 
ported to General Granger, commanding the Thirteenth Corps. 
The duty required of the troops after the fall of Mobile, however, 



478 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

was merely of a routine nature, and the Thirty-first, after entering 
Mobile on the 14th of April, knew only the pleasant side of soldier 
life. Dating from the 7th of June those promotions were made to 
which the regiment would have been entitled with a full quota — 
Lieutenant Colonel Ncttleton to be colonel, Captain Allen to be 
lieutenant colonel,' Captain Rice to be major, with corresponding 
advancement among the line officers — but the recipients of these 
commissions could not, of course, be mustered to the new rank. 

From the 19th of July to the 6th of September the battalion was 
under command of Lieutenant Colonel Allen, Colonel Nettleton 
being detached as provost marshal general of the Department of 
Alabama under its new commander. General Charles R. Woods. 
Orders for the muster out of the command were received on the 23d 
of August, and the preliminary steps were taken, horses and arms 
being turned in to the proper officers ; but it was not till the 9th of 
September that the battalion was formally mustered out of the 
United States service. It sailed on the transport Warrior for New 
Orleans on the 11th, arriving there on the 13th and the same day 
taking passage by the Concordia for Massachusetts. Gallop's Island 
in Boston Harbor was reached on the 24th, and there the command 
waited for the paymaster and the final words which should send 
them to their homes and the duties of citizens once more. These 
came on the 30th, when the battalion was paid and discharged. 



THE THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-second Regiment was the outgrowth of the First 
Battalion of Massachusetts Infantry, formed about the mid- 
dle of November, 1861, to garrison Fort Warren in Boston 
Harbor. That formidable fortification was nearly completed at the 
outbreak of the rebellion, but having no garrison it was left to such 
care as the state of Massachusetts could give in connection with the 
other calls upon the patriotism of her sons. After being occui)ied 
during the summer by the Eleventh, Twelfth and Fourteenth Regi- 
ments, it was garrisoned for a time by four companies of the Twenty- 
fourth; but when in the autumn Colonel Justin E. Diuimock was 
placed in command at the fort he recommended the formation of 
a battalion especially for its defense. Companies A, B, C and D 
wei'c hurriedly raised and immediately assigned to that duty; Com- 
pany E came three weeks afterward and F about the first of March. 
Not till the regiment had joined the Army of the Potomac in the 
July following did it receive another company, and the three com- 
pleting its quota did not join its standard till September 3, 18G1. 
The roster of ofhcers, when the battalion had grown into a regiment, 
giving that for each company at the time it entered the service, was 
as follows : — 

Colonel, Francis J. Parker of Boston; lieutenant colonel, George 
L. Prescott of Concord; major, Luther Stephenson, Jr., of Hing- 
hani ; surgeon, Z. Boylston Adams of Boston ; assistant surgeuns, 
William L. Faxon of Quincy and W. H. Bigelow of Bolton; adjutant, 
Charles K. Cobb of Boston; quartermaster, George W. Pearson of 
Boston; sergeant major, James P. Wade of Chelsea; quartermaster 
sergeant, James A. White of Somerville; commissary sergeant, George 
W. Barnes of Concord; hospital steward. AV. T. M. Odiorne of Bos- 
ton; iirincipal musician. Freeman Field of Charlestown. 

Comi)any A — Captain, Luther Stephenson, Jr.; first lieutenant, 
Charles A. D(^arborn, Jr., of Salem; second lieutenant, Nathaniel 
French, Jr., of Hingham. , 



480 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company B — Captain, George L. Prescott; first lieutenant, Cyrus 
L. Tay of Woburn; second lieutenant, Isaiah F, Hoyt of Beverly. 

Company C — Captain, Jonathan Pierce of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Joseph Austin of Somerville; second lieutenant, Eobert Hamilton of 
Boston. 

Company D — Captain, James P. Draper of Boston; first lieutenant, 
James A. Cunningham; second lieutenant, Stephen Rich, both of 
Gloucester. 

Company E — Captain, Cephas C. Bumpus of Braintree; first lieu- 
tenant, Josiah C. Fuller of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Lyman B. 
Whiton of Ilingham. 

Company F — Captain, James A. Cunningham: first lieutenant, 
Charles K. Cobb of Boston; second lieutenant, William H. Gertz of 
Cambridge. 

Company G — Captain, Charles Bowers; first lieutenant, Edward 0. 
Shepard, both of Concord; second lieutenant, Edward T. Bouve of 
Boston. 

Company H —Captain, Henry W. Moulton of Newburyport; first 
lieutenant, Joseph H. Whidden of Gloucester; second lieutenant, 
Joseph W. Wheelwright of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, Hannibal D. Norton of Chelsea; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles H. Hard; second lieutenant, Lucius H. Warren, both of 
Charlestown. 

Company K — ('aptain. J. Gushing Edmands; first lieutenant. Am- 
brose Bancroft; second lieutenant, John F. Boyd, all of Newton. 

Francis J. Parker was commissioned major and assumed com- 
mand of the battalion at Fort Warren December 2, 1861, and 
through the winter and a part of the following spring- the detach- 
ment continued its routine duties. These were by no means insig- 
nificant. In addition to infantry drill, the men were obliged to 
perfect themselves in heavy artillery practice ; and as the fort was 
made a depot for both military and civil prisoners, guard duty was 
imj)ortant and exacting. Among the illustrious captives immured 
within the walls during this time were the Confederate ambassadors, 
Mason and Slidell, and the complication with England following 
their arrest caused many a speculation on the part of the garrison 
till the affair was adjrtsted and the captives were turned over to the 
protection of the British flag. 

Major Parker resigned his commission on the 2d of May and re- 
turned to business life ; but on the 25th of May came an appeal to 
]Massacliusetts for troojis to hasten at once to the protection of 
the national capital. As a result, Major Parker was immediately 
summoned, commissioned lieutenant colonel, and the following 
morning with the six companies of his command took cars for Fall 



rnE THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 481 

River, thence by steamer to Jersey City and rail to Washington, 
scoring again for Massachusetts the first arrival of troops under a 
call for imuicdiate assistance. 

Camp Alexander, located on a bluff overlooking the East l>rancli 
of the Potomac near the Washington Navy Yard, was the first stop- 
ping jjlace of the organization, thenceforth officially known as the 
Thirty -second Massachusetts Regiment. On the 24tli of June Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Parker was ordered to Alexandria with his com- 
mand, to be brigaded, and after some annoyance succeeded in ob- 
taining a camping place, several miles out ; but no assignment to 
brigade was made, and on the 30th, according to orders, the regi- 
ment returned to Alexandria to take transportation to Fortress 
Monroe. After waiting several hours for instructions, the com- 
mander took possession of the steamer Hero, at one of the wharves, 
and set out for the destination to which he had been directed. 
. Arriving at Fortress Monroe early on the 2d of July and report- 
ing to General Dix, commanding that post, the regiment was di- 
rected to proceed up the James river till it found the Army of the 
Potomac. The following morning the command debarked at Har- 
rison's Landing, reporting to General Fitz John Porter, and was as- 
signed to the brigade of General Charles Griffin — the Second Bri- 
gade, First (Morell's) Division, Fifth Corps. The other regiments 
of the brigade were the Ninth Massachusetts, Fourth Michigan, 
Fourteenth New York and Sixty-second Pennsylvania. For six 
weeks the encampment at Harrison's Landing continued, during 
which time the Thirty-second suffered greatly from malarial dis- 
eases, among those who died being Lieutenant French, while very 
many left the service never to return, broken down in health or 
dying from the fatal infection. So enervated were those who re- 
mained on duty that when the army started on its movement to 
Yorktown, August 15, only 30 Avere able to keep their places during 
the first day's long march. 

Newport News was reached on the 19th, where the Thirty-second 
took the steamer Belvidere to Acquia Creek, going thence by rail 
to Stafford Court House ; whence moving to the vicinity of Barnard's 
Ford on the Rappahannock they encamped in a pleasant grove for 
some days, with no greater discomfort than a scarcity of rations. 
General Porter's corps had now become a part of the Army of Vir- 
irinia under General Pope, and on the morning of the 27th the 



482 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Thirty-second began the movement toward what proved the battle- 
field of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run. Moving up the river 
to Bealton, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, they followed 
the course of the railroad northward, halting after a very severe 
day's march in a dense forest near Warrenton Junction. With lit- 
tle rest the command was called up long before daylight to resume 
the journey, but owing to the thick darkness very little progress 
was made till after dawn. That night a halt was made soon after 
crossing Broad Run, and the morning of the 29th saw the column 
again in motion toward Manassas Junction. After a short halt in 
that vicinity the column countermarched, taking the road to Gaines- 
ville, and in the afternoon took position on a hill overlooking the 
march of Longstreet's column to a junction with Jackson's forces 
further to the northeast. 

With the rest of the brigade, it remained at that point to and 
through the night, in support of a battery which was but slightly 
eugaged ; the next morning the corps started toward Centerville, 
Griffin's Brigade being detailed as train guard. The direction of 
the rest of the corps was soon changed toward the battle-field, but 
the rear brigade was overlooked ; so it plodded on to Centerville, 
where during most of the day it listened with apprehension to the 
approaching roar of battle and at 4 o'clock was ordered to the front. 
Pressing through the disordered throng of fugitives in the rear of 
the disastrous conflict, the regiment reached the firmer lines next 
the enemy after the cessation of the fight, and presently retired 
again to Centerville. 

Next morning, Sunday, the 31st, the broken Union army was 
brought into a semblance of order, and General Griffin with his 
command was moved out some distance on the Gainesville pike to 
receive the first shock of the enemy's attack, should one be made. 
But a front attack was not hazarded, Jackson creeping around to 
Chantilly to attempt the Federal flank ; so the regiment laid on its 
arms, drenched by the storm, cold and hungry, till near daylight of 
September 2. Then, as the army behind it had made good its re- 
treat to the Washington defenses, it quietly withdrew, looking back 
to see the Confederates swarming into Centerville almost as soon as 
the Union troops had quitted it. During the day a march of 28 miles 
was made — a great distance considering the condition of the troops — 
passing Fairfax Court House, Vienna and Lcvinsville, bivouacking 



THE TniRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 4&3 

at Langlev's. Next day an easier stage was made to Miners Hill, 
near Falls Church, where the Fifth Corps found itself again on the 
ground it had quitted to enter upon the Peninsular movement. Here 
Companies H, I and K, which had for some time been searching for 
Porter's command, found and joined the regiment, and the organi- 
zation was completed. 

While the shattered Army of the Potomac, again under General 
McClellan's command, was pushing through Maryland in search of 
the Confederates, Morell's Division remained in camp till the 12th 
of September, when it followed in the wake of the main l)ody. Till 
and during the lOth it marched incessantly, and the trial was very 
severe, especially to the three new companies, who were unused to 
such heroic demands. The close of the march on the afternoon of 
the IGth brought the regiment into place with the rest of the corps, 
in the center of McClellan's line of battle, but during the contest 
which opened on the following morning it was not engaged, though 
from its position enabled to overlook much of the fight. On the 
18th Porter's Corps relieved Burnside's at the left, expecting a re- 
newal of the battle, but during the night the Confederates retreated. 

Leaving Company C on detached service with tlie reserve artillery, 
the Thirty-second followed the retiring invaders, witnessing the en- 
gagement at the fords of the Potomac in which General Griffin led 
a column across the river and recaptured some of the guns which 
he had lost on the Peninsula. Then the army settled down about 
Sharpsburg while the general commanding prepared for another 
movement into Virginia. It was not till the 30th of October that 
the movement began, and on the 10th of November the army, con- 
centrated near Warrenton, finally parted with General McClellan 
as a commander, he being succeeded by General Burnside. When 
the latter was ready to move, a week later, the regiment ])roceeded 
by easy marches to "Stoncman's Switch," near Potomac Creek, 
which was reached on the 22d. There the first Thanksgiving passed 
in the service found the Thirty -second, and it was not cheering to 
the men that the Massachusetts holiday should find them with ab- 
solutely nothing to eat till noon, owing to the scarcity of supplies,* 
and then only a few boxes of hard l)read were obtained by borrowing. 

During the three weeks previous to the battle of Fredericksburg 
the regiment was occupied in drill, picket and fatigue duty, the 
v. cathcr much of the time being verv uncomfortable, while the men 



484 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

were but poorly provided to encounter it. General Griffin had now 
taken command of the division, that of the brigade being vested in 
Colonel Sweitzer of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania. 

Early on the morning of December 11 the regiment marched to 
the hights near Falmouth, from which during the day it watched 
the efforts to lay bridges across the river at the city, remaining in 
the vicinity till near noon of the 13th, when Humphrey's and Grif- 
fin's Divisions were sent across the river to the support of Sumner. 
The Thirty-second were among the last troops thrown forward in 
the futile attempt to carry the hights that afternoon. Emerging 
from the partial cover under which it had been lying, the regiment 
went at a double-quick across the exposed plain, relieving the Sixty- 
second Pennsylvania, which with ammunition exhausted was lying 
prone within some 40 yards of the deadly stone-wall which sheltered 
the enemy. By a sharp fire the regiment kept the foe well under 
cover till darkness came on and the fusilade along the lines ceased ; 
during the night the men received a fresh supply of ammunition, 
but were also ordered not to renew the engagement in the morning. 
All of the following day was passed in that uncomfortable position, 
the main line so far advanced that it could not be reached by the 
hostile artillery and a trifling rise of ground giving partial protec- 
tion from infantry fire; while the skirmishers were still nearer, 
being scarcely ten yards from the Confederate lines. The Thirty- 
second were relieved the following night, and after passing another 
day in suspense on the streets of Fredericksburg withdrew across 
the river, having lost during the battle 35 killed and wounded, 
among the dead being Captain Dearborn. 

The battle being ended the command returned to its camping 
ground near Stoneman's Switch, which it occui)ied during the win- 
ter. Colonel Parker resigned his commission the 27th of Decem- 
ber; Lieutenant Colonel Prcscott and Major Stephenson were each 
promoted one grade in consequence, and Captain Edmands became 
major. At the close of the year the regiment took part in a recon- 
naissance to Morrisville and the resulting skirmish. Tlio weather 
being quite cold, the command turning out in ''light marching 
order," and the movements being very rapid, the many who were 
obliged to fall from the ranks suffered severely. Three weeks later 
came the " Mud March," after which the regiment returned again to 
its camp. There, engaged in routine duties, it remained till under 



rnE TIUETY-SECOND REGIMENT. 485 

the command of (General Ifooker the Ai'my of the Potomac set 
foi'th \\\nm the Chaiicellorsville campaign. Lieutenant Wlieel\vri<rlit 
di( (1 of disease on the 18th of Janiiar}', 18G3. 

The Thirty-second, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel 
Stephenson, hroke camp the 27th of April, inarching that day to 
Hartwood Church and the next to Kelly's Ford on the Rappahan- 
nock. The river was crossed on the morning of the 20th by ponton 
bridge, and that afternoon the Rapidan, the water waist deep, was 
waded at Ely's Ford. After bivouacking on the l)ank of the stream, 
the regiment proceeded on the 30th to Chancellorsville, where the 
main portion of General Hooker's force was concentrated. Next 
morning the Fifth Cor})S was moved far to the left, Griffin's Division 
in advance, the Thirty-second leading. With flankers and skirmish- 
ers out the column pushed on toward Banks Ford till within some 
four miles of Fredericksl)nrg, when it was found that the Second 
Division — the regulars — had been attacked and forced back, cutting 
off the other two divisions from connection with the rest of the 
Union army. There was at once an about face and a rapid with- 
drawal from the dangerous position; but so difficult was move- 
ment through the forests that it was not till morning that the corps 
was reunited on the left of the Union line of battle. Though the 
men were seriously exhausted, they were at once set to fortifying 
the position, and before night it was well prepared to resist attack. 

These intrenchments were given up on the morning of the 3d of 
May to what remained of the Eleventh Corps, so badly shattered 
the previous evening, and the Fifth Corps moved to the right, Sweit- 
zer's Brigade being posted near the edge of a wide field to the right 
of the Chancellor house, where fresh earthworks were thrown up, 
but in the fierce fighting which raged about it the regiment fort- 
unately had no part. About noon of the 4th the brigade was 
ordered to advance and draw the fire of the enemy, to determine 
his position, which was done in a fine manner, the command retir- 
ing to ils works as soon as the fire was received. 

The driving rain storm of the day and night of the 5th were 
favorable to the retreat of Hooker's army across the river, though 
unpleasant enough for the Thirty-second, who, crouching behind 
their works, remained till almost morning of the Gth befoi-e the 
rear guard, of which they formed a part, could be safely withdrawn. 
Then they hurried through the slippery mud across the bridges. 



48(3 MASSACIIVSETrS IJSf THE WAR. 

which Avere taken up behind them, and the battle of Chanccllors- 
ville was ended, Avith a loss to the regiment of but one man killed 
and four wounded. Returning to its former camp, the command 
Avas soon after detailed for guard duty along the railroad aboAe and 
beloAA' the Switch, on Avhich duty it remained till the beginning of 
the Gettysburg campaign. 

It Avas ordered to march on the 29th of May, the left wing under 
Lieutenant Colonel Stephenson, on duty near the bridge at Potomac 
Creek, starting in the afternoon and the right under Colonel Pres- 
cott quitting its station south of the SAA^itch in the evening. The 
detachments united at HartAvood Church during the night, and next 
day moA-ed on to Kemper's Ford, where a guard Avas established and 
pickets Avere extended along the riA-er bank, watching the enemy on 
the opposite shore. At the time of the caA-alry fight at Brandy Sta- 
tion, on the 9th of June, the regiment crossed the river and advanced 
some three miles toAvard Culpeper, to cover the ford, but without 
finding the foe in force. The northward movement reached the 
Tliirty-second on the 13th, and that night they marched toAvard 
Morrisville, reaching Catlett's the next night. General Griffin's Divis- 
ion being the rear guard. Manassas Avas reached on the 16th, and 
the following day, Avhich Avas intensely sultry, the command marched 
to Gum Spring, sufiering much on the way. It is recorded of the 
Thirty-second that of 230 men who started in the morning, 107 
were in the ranks at the close of the march, the best showing made 
by any regiment in the division. 

Next day the corps marched to Aldie Gap, where an artillery 
skirmish Avas in progress, and at sunset deployed in line of battle, 
but no engagement resulted. Very early in the morning of the 21st 
the regiment led the corps tlirough the Gap, in support of a cavalry 
fight beyond, and the following day, Avhen the engagement was over, 
it formed the rear of the retiring column. It remained in the vicin- 
ity of the Gap till the 2Gth, Avhen early in the morning the march 
Avas resumed and continued daily till the 1st of July, Avhen in the 
early afternoon the regiment halted in a pleasant field near llanoA'er, 
Pa. But the stop there Avas not of long duration, for in the even- 
in. the command to pack up and fall in was received, and a march 
of ion miles that night brought the colunm Avitliin a short distance 
of tlA! battle-field of Gettysburg. 

A ; uj)porting line of battle Avas formed on the morning of the 



THE rniRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 487 

2d by the Fifth CorjJS in the vicinity of the Round Tops, and the day 
passed in quiet so far as the regiment was concerned till the attack 
by Longstreet and the giving away of the Third Corps in its front 
late in the afternoon. General Sykes was then called upon for as- 
sistance and formed line to resist the Confederates along the west- 
ern slope of the ridge. At the enemy's advance a sharp fire drove 
him back from that part of the line, but to the right he gained some 
advantage, so that the Second Brigade was obliged to fall back and 
take a position to the rear and left. This done it formed line of 
battle and advanced across a wheat field, taking position behind the 
wall sui-rounding the field, on the side next the foe. 

The Thirty-second formed the left of the brigade, the Fourth 
Michigan the right, with the Pennsylvanians in the center; but the 
brigade was isolated, having advanced beyond the First Brigade at 
the right, and before the error could be corrected the keen-eyed 
Confederates rushed forward and enveloped the exposed Hanks. 
Keceiving from an aide the command to fall back, the Thirtj'-second 
Avere doing so in good order when they were commanded to face 
about and renew the fight. This they did, hand to hand, till a 
second order to retire was given and they fought their way out, los- 
ing heavily till they reached the woods in rear of the field, where 
Lieutenant Colonel Stephenson was badly Avounded through the 
face. General Crawford's Division of Pennsylvania Reserves now 
charged and drove back the disorganiz.ed enemy, when the Thirty- 
second again advanced to its jiosition at the stone-wall, which it 
thenceforth maintained without si-rious contest. Of 227 taken into 
action, the regiment had lost 81 killed and wounded, among the 
dead being Second Lieutenant William U. Barrows of Carver. 

Then followed the pursuit by the Union army, closing' in about 
the Confederates at Williamsport, with dreams of the annihilation 
of Lee's army — from which all awoke to find the arena again trans- 
ferred to the desolated fields of Virginia. Thither the Thirty-second 
followed, crossing the Potomac on the 17th near Berlin, watched 
the fighting of the Third Corps at Manassas Gap on the 23d, and 
reached Warrenton on the 2Gth. There a stop was made till the 
8th of August, when the regiment went to Beverly Ford for five 
Avceks, and while there Company C returned to the command from 
its detail of nearly a year before. On the loth of Sej)i ember a 
change, accompanied with some skirmishing, was made to Culpeper, 



488 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

followed by another halt of nearly a month. During that time the 
regiment was reinforced by the arrival of 180 drafted men, of whom, 
the regimental historian says, good soldiers were made. 

The Thirty-second took part in the subsequent maneuvers of the 
Army of the Potomac, including the frosty experiences of the Mine 
Run campaign. Following this fiasco, the army went into winter 
quarters, the regimental cam}) occupying a favorable position near 
Bealton Station on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, at the little 
village of Liberty. During the early part of the winter most of the 
regiment re-enlisted for three years, so that a furlough of 30 days 
was obtained for the organization, and on the 17th of January, 1864, 
it reached Boston, where it received an enthusiastic greeting, as well 
as at the homes of the various companies. The return trip was 
begun on the 17th of February, and a few days later the old camp 
at Liberty was reoccupied, the regiment proud of the fact that it 
had been the first from Massachusetts to earn the title of "veteran" 
by its re-enlistment as a body. In the reorganization of the army 
for the spring campaign of 1864 the only change in Swcitzer's Bri- 
gade was the addition to it of the Twenty-second Massachusetts 
Regiment, though the corps generally was much changed, General 
Warren becoming its commander and General Griffin retaining the 
First Division. 

The camp at Liberty was quitted on the 30th of April, the corps 
gathering at Rappahannock Station, Avhere the river was crossed the 
next day and an advance made to Brandy Station, the winter quar- 
ters of the Sixth Corps. On the 3d of May the corps sauntered 
along to Culpeper, but late that afternoon the march was taken up 
in earnest and continued all through the night; in the morning the 
Rapidan was crossed at Germania Ford, and at night (General War- 
ren made bivouac near Wilderness Tavei'n. . Line of battle was 
formed on the mcMuing of the 5th and the men were directed to 
fortify their position, which Avas well done, when an advance was 
ordered. General Griffin's Division opened the battle of the Wilder- 
ness, and was sharply engaged, but the Thirty-second, though in the 
front till midnight of the 6th, was fortunate in having none killed 
and but about a dozen wounded. Retiring in the night to the works 
from which they had fii'st advanced, a day's rest was obtained, and 
the succeeding evening the movement southward was begun. Reach- 
ing Spottsylvania the regiment took part in many of the preliminary 



THE rillRrr-SECOND REGIMENT. 489 

engagements and maneuvers ; but it was on the morning of the 12th, 
at Laurel Hill, that it received its severest and most deadly test. 

Hancock had assaulted and surprised the salient known as "the 
Angle " that morning, and Burnside was fighting to the left. It 
seemed that the Confederate line must be weakened somewhere, and 
General Warren was ordered to attack. His assault proved that 
the works in his front were strongly held, and ho was unable to nuike 
any im])ression. In this short, sharp encounter no regiment in the 
Fifth Corps took a more heroic part than the Thirty-second. It 
formed the left of the brigade, which was in single line, and for two 
days had been lying not more than a quarter of a mile from the 
enemy's line on Laurel Hill, from which it was separated by two 
rises of ground occupied by the respective picket lines. Colonel 
Prescott commanded the brigade. At the signal the line dashed 
forward over the two swells, but at the foot of the last ascent the 
fire became too hot for a single line to endure and the men threw 
themselves upon the ground within 25 yards of the hostile works. 
Immediately the line on the right crumbled away, and the Thirty- 
second, unable to obtain shelter, were ordered to make the best of 
their way to the rear. Of 190 men taken into action the regiment 
had lost 103 killed and wounded, including five color bearers; 
Captain Robert Hamilton was among the mortally wounded, dying 
on the 19th of July. 

During the night of the loth the Fifth Corps, through darkness, 
rain and mud, marched to the left, in the hope of finding a vulner- 
able point in the enemy's lines ; being disappointed in that, they ad- 
vanced well up toward the hostile pickets and intrenched, in which 
position the command remained till the southward flank movement 
of the army was resumed on the 21st. That day the regiment 
marched to Edge Hill, where it enjoyed the first unbroken night's 
rest since the opening of the campaign, 17 days before. The bri- 
gade led the advance across the North Anna river at Jericho Ford 
on the afternoon of the 23d, wading the river four feet in depth and 
advancing about a mile in line of battle, the Thirty-second on the 
left. There the brigade was ordered to intrench and hold the posi- 
tion at all hazards, but had not made much progress when an attack 
was made by the rebels, which was easily repulsed, but Avas followed 
by a more determined assault an hour or two later, whieh for a time 
endangered the Union line. The prompt service of a battery placed 



490 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

under the direction of General Warren and the steady rifle fire of 
the Thirty-second drove the assailants back at length with heavy 
loss, while the casualties in the regiment, fighting on the defensive, 
were very few. It was changed from point to point during the three 
days that followed, recrossed the river at night of the 26th, and 
marched during the 27th to the Pamunkey at Hanover Town. 

Early next morning that river was crossed, an advance of two 
miles was made and the regiment halted in line of battle and in- 
trenched. A movement was made on the 29tli toward Mechanics- 
ville till the enemy's outposts were discovered, and the day follow- 
ing the brigade in line of battle advanced through Totopotomy 
swamp, driving the Confederate skirmishers back to their main line 
at Shady Grove Church, a distance of some three miles. The regi- 
ment lost First Lieutenant George A. Bibby of Hingham and two 
others killed and 18 wounded. 

In the battle of Cold Harbor, on the 3d of June, the Thirty-second 
joined in the general assault of the early morning, charging across 
a wide plain in the face of a deadly fire, and succeeded in driving 
the enemy out of his first line of works. These were occupied and 
held, though the defenders only retired a short distance to a stronger 
line. In this assault the regiment lost 10 killed and 21 wounded. 

In the transfer of the Army of the Potomac from the Cold Har- 
bor fields to the south of Petersburg, the Fifth Corps first crossed 
the Chickahomlny, advanced toward Richmond and deployed like a 
vast curtain, behind which the rest of the army hurried across the 
peninsula; then General Warren followed and on the 16th the 
Thirty-second crossed the James river at Wilcox Landing and 
marched toward Petersburg. The attack by Warren's troops on 
the 18th was only partly successful, the enemy being merely driven 
to an inner line of works of greater strength ; but some ground was 
gained, including the hill from which the famous "Burnside Mine" 
was constructed. During the charge of that day Colonel Prescott 
was wounded and died soon after. A few days later Lieutenant 
Colonel Stephenson resigned on account of the v.ounds received at 
Gettysburg; in conse(|uence of which Major Edmands was advanced 
to Ihe colonelcy, while Captains Cunningham and Shepard became 
lieutenant colonel and major respectively. The regiment had pre- 
viously been increased in numbers by the transfer to it of 170 veter- 
ans and recruits from the Ninth IMassachusetts. 



THE TIIinrY-SECONl) RECIMENT. 491 

The Fifth Corps being relieved by the Ninth, the rcuiment with 
other troops moved to the rear near the Jerusalem plank road as 
a reserve on the 21st. The next day it was sent at the double- 
([uick to assist the Second Corps in its sharp fight, taking position 
in the front and holding it till the next morning, with a loss of 
three killed and seven wounded. That afternoon it went to aid the 
Sixth Corps in establishing its line in the direction of the Wcldon 
Railroad, returning on the morning of the 24th to its camp on the 
Jerusalem road, where it remained till the 12th of July. It then 
went into the trenches at the front, staying there till the 16th of 
August, when the corps was withdrawn in pursuance of a plan to 
make a lodgment further to the left. 

In the advance of the 18th, which reached and held the Weldon 
Railroad at Globe Tavern, the Thirty-second were deployed as skir- 
mishers and advanced for several miles, passing on a half-mile be- 
yond the railroad, which the rest of the division at once hastened 
to'destroy. This skirmish line was maintained by the regiment till 
the evening of the 21st. On that afternoon the Confederates made 
an assault driving the skirmishers back upon the works near the 
railroad, but being quickly repulsed by the fire of the main line. 
The Thirty-second lost 13 in killed, wounded and missing. From 
this time till the last of September the regiment remained on duty 
in and about the works, much of the time being devoted to the con- 
struction of the strong fortifications which in an unl)roken cordon 
were being extended mile after mile through fields and forests. In 
this work the command had now become proficient, having earlier 
in the summer built the strong earthwork named for their fallen 
colonel Fort Prescott. 

On the 30th of September part was taken in the expedition to 
Poplar Grove Church and the resulting battle of Peeble's Farm. 
At that point the enemy had a fort, called Fort Mcllae, and other 
works, covering the junction of two roads. In the arrangement of 
the column of attack the Thirtv-second were placed directly in front 
of the fort, with the Fourth Michigan on the right, and at the signal 
charged across a wide plain and carried the fort, capturing one can- 
non and 60 prisoners. The enemy being now demoralized, an ad- 
vance was soon made to the second line, which was also speedily 
carried and held. The Ninth Corps, wl'iieh had co-operated in the 
attack, pushed forward still farther, but meeting the Confederates 



492 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

in force was driven back, and the condition of affairs looked critical 
for a time till General Griffin moved his division into position and 
delivered a few decisive volleys. By that time it was dark, and the 
Federals were not further annoyed. The ground gained was held, 
and Fort McRae, being strengthened and equipped, was re-christened 
Fort Welch, in honor of the brave colonel of the Fourth Michigan, 
who was killed in the assault. The loss of the Thirty-second in 
the engagement was four killed and 20 wounded, Colonel Edmands 
being among the latter. 

The division was reorganized on the 26th of October, and among 
other changes the Thirty-second were transferred to the Third Bri- 
gade, commanded by Brigadier General Joseph J. Bartlett, which 
was composed of the eight old regiments of the division. At the 
same time the veterans and recruits of the Eighteenth and Twenty- 
second Massachusetts Regiments were consolidated with the Thirty- 
second, increasing that command to such an extent that two ad- 
ditional companies — L and M — were formed, officers for which had 
been transferred with the men composing them. 

The day following the reorganization the regiment joined in an 
expedition to Hatcher's Run, where it was in line of battle and skir- 
mished slightly, but without serious engagement, and on the return 
next day it formed the rear guard of the corps, closely followed by 
the enemy's cavalry, but not seriously molested. After this the 
command went into permanent quarters on the Jerusalem ])lank 
road, where it was very comfortably located, though liable to be 
called to duty at any moment. Such a call came on the Cth of De- 
cember, when the regiment was relieved by one from the Second 
Corps and marched to the Jerusalem road, down which, after a 
night's bivouac, it proceeded, marching almost incessantly till after- 
noon of the 8th, when it reached the Weldon Railroad a few miles 
north of Jarratt's Station. Through most of the night and all the 
next day the destruction of the road was carried on, and on the 
morning of the 10th, in a disagreeable rain and through abundant 
mud, the command set out on the return. The old site on the 
• Jci'usalem road was reached two days later, and a new camp Avas 
built, in which, Avith abundant duty "at the front," the following 
months were passed. 

On the afternoon of Fcljruary 4, 1865, orders were received to 
march next morning, and at the appointed time the road was taken. 



THE THIHTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 493 

Nottaway Court Plouse being reached that evening, when the regi- 
ment was ordered on jjieket, but was recalled at midnight and 
marched till morning of the Gth, when it reached Hatcher's Run at 
the crossing of the Vaughan road. Soon after it was ordered across 
the stream into a line of pits built by the enemy to defend the cross- 
ing, from which they had been driven the previous afternoon. This 
point was the extreme right of the Fifth Corps, connecting it with 
the Second, which had not crossed the run. In the afternoon Craw- 
ford's Division advanced from the left across the front and en- 
countered the enemy, some of Crawford's men giving way, and the 
brigade was ordered forward into a thick pine forest to fill the gap. 
A sharp fight ensued till about dusk, when the charge of Mahone's 
Division of Confederates drove back Crawford's line, leaving the 
Thirty-second Massachusetts and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
Pennsylvania almost surrounded. In fighting its way back the 
regiment lost severely, the entire casualties of the day amounting 
to 74, and including Major Shepard, commanding the brigade skir- 
mish line, who was taken prisoner. This engagement, known as 
the battle of Dabney's Mills, was fought in a cold storm, and the 
men suffered much. The position was held till the 11th, when the 
regiment was withdrawn across the run and assigned to a position 
on the A'aughan road with the rest of the division in protection of 
the extended left flank of the Federal army. There the third "win- 
ter quarters" of the regiment for that season were built, and in 
picket duty and building fortifications and roads the time passed till 
the last days of March. 

At the capture of Fort Stedman on the 25th the regiment, com- 
manded by Lieutenant Colonel Cunningham, marched sevenil miles 
in that direction, but finding its services were not needed moved 
back to the left to support an attack by the Second Corps, and 
about midnight went back to camp, where it remained till the 
opening of the final contest, being constantly under marching 
orders. Camp was quitted on the 29th, the division marching to 
Dinwiddie Court House and thence by the Quaker road toward the 
Boydtown ; but before reaching the latter General Anderson's Con- 
federates were encountered, the principal fighting being done by 
the First and Second Brigades of Grifiin's Division. The Third 
Brigade was posted in a swampy field, and as a heavy rain set in 
that niiiht the situation was not comfortable. 



494 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE VrAE. 

About noon the next day the regiment wasdeployed as skirmishers 
with orders to feel for the enemy, and found him not far in front in 
log breastworks, from which the Bay State men by a determined 
advance drove out a strong force. But the latter presently returned, 
and as the ammunition of the skirmishers had given out they were 
obliged to fall back. The foe followed till the fire of the line of 
battle was felt, when he once more retired, and the Thirty-second, 
having filled their cartridge boxes, reoccupied the works previously 
taken. After holding them for a time, the skirmish line was again 
ordered forward, and presently came under the fire of a strong fort; 
as it was beyond their power to capture it, the brave fellows worked 
as near to it as possible and intrenched under cover of the darkness. 

The Fifth Corps was relieved by the Second on the 31st, and again 
moved toward the left, encountering the enemy a little west of the 
Boydtown road, where a short engagement resulted. At first the 
enemy seemed to have the advantage, but Grifiin's Division stood 
firm and the others rallied on it, when the whole line advanced and 
won a decided advantage. Captain Lauriat, commanding half of 
the regiment as skirmishers, pushed ti part of the routed force for 
some miles. In the afternoon the brigade moved out to Gravelly 
Run to the assistance of Sheridan's cavalry, skirmishing all the 
way ; but finding him in need of no assistance hastened back to its 
place in the corps. 

Next morning the entire cor})s pushed through by the same route 
till connection with Sheridan's cavab-y at Five Forks was made. 
The regiment was then deployed as skirmishers under command of 
Captain Bancroft — Lieutenant Colonel Cunningham being detailed 
for staff duty — and at once the advance was made which ])laced 
the Fifth Corps on the flank and rear of the enemy and completed 
his discomfiture. Several regiments were detailed to form a brigade 
of skirmishers under command of Lieutenant Colonel Cunningham, of 
which the Thirty -second was one, and on the morning of April 2 they 
were pushed through to the Southside Railroad, capturing a train, 
prisoners and supplies, penetrating some distance beyond the road, 
then changing direction and marching several miles toward Peters- 
burg. Hard marching on the 3d and 4tli brought the Fifth Corps 
to Jetersville, where it obtained possession of the Danville Railroad, 
and waited for tlie arrival of the Second and Sixth Corps, as the 
main bodv of the Confederates were at Amelia Court House, but a 



TUB THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 405 

few miles a\vav. The other corps were ready for business on the 
morning of the 6th, when it was found that Lee's army was atrain 
in rapid flight to the westward, and the pursuit was at once taken 
up and continued till the end. 

The Thirty -second reached Ramplin's Station on the Southsidc 
Railroad about midnight of the 8th, and after a few hours' rest weio 
called up and made a forced march to the assistance of Sheridan, 
whose cavalry was being hard pressed by the remains of the Con- 
federate army at bay near Appomattox Court House. The regi- 
ment led the column, and on reaching the scene dei)loyed into line of 
battle in fine order, and had begun ^n enthusiastic advance when 
the enemy's fire ceased and a flag of truce was sighted by Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Cunningham, who with his adjutant rode forward and 
received the first of the messages which resulted in the agreement 
to surrender that afternoon. 

. General J. L. Chamberlain, commanding the division — Griffin 
having succeeded Warren in the command of the coi-ps, — received 
the formal surrender on the 11th, and detailed Bartlett's Brigade 
to receive and care for the arms deposited by the Confederates. 
Guard duty of the trophies thus secured occupied the regiment till 
the 13th, "when it set out for Burkesville, which was reached in three 
days. After a rest of two days the Fifth Corps relieved the Ninth 
in guarding the Southside Railroad, the Thirty-second Regiment 
being stationed a few miles above Sutherland Station. 

On the 1st of May the march toward Washington was l)egun, and 
on the 12th the final camp was pitched on Arlington Hights. The 
regiment took part in the grand review at Washington, and on the 
17th of June received a transfer of 274 men from the Thirty-ninth, 
which had been mustered out. The Thirty-second Avere mustered 
out the 28ih, started for Massachusetts the following day, and 
reached Boston at noon of July 1. Colonel Edmands at once fur- 
loughed his command till the Gth, when it reassembled at Gallop's 
Island in Boston Harbor, where the men were promptly paid off, and 
on the 11th the Thirty - second Regiment was disbanded, hi its 
three years of service in the field it had taken part in 30 battles, 
the names of which it was instructed to inscribe on its banners. 



THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 



THE Thirtv-third Regiment was organized at Camp Edwin M. 
Stanton, Lynnfield, uQder the order of Governor Andrew 
dated May 29, 1862, for 30 companies of infantry for three 
years and one light battery for six months. All of these troops 
save the ten companies which at Worcester formed the Thirty- 
fourth Regiment gathered at Camp Stanton, to the command of 
which Alberto C. Maggi, formerly lieutenant colonel of the Twenty- 
first Regiment, was assigned. Recruiting went forward slowly, 
however, till the call of the president for 300,000 additional volun- 
teers in July, when the camp was made a general rendezvous for 
the eastern portion of the state, and the ranks of the Thirty-third 
were rapidly filled. It was made a 12-company organization, and 
on the 14th of August left for the front with this list of ofiicers and 
something over 1,200 men: — 

Colonel, Alberto C. Maggi of Xew Bedford ; lieutenant colonel, 
Adin B. Underwood of Newton; major, James L. Bates of Weymouth; 
surgeon, Orin "Warren of W^est Newbury; assistant surgeons, William 
S. Brown of Boston and Daniel P. Gage of Lowell; chaplain, Daniel 
Foster; adjutant, Albion W. Tebbetts ; quartermaster, William E. 
Richardson, all of Boston; sergeant major, Harry Moserve of Lowell; 
quartermaster sergeant, J. E. Houghton; commissary sergeant, Charles 
B. Walker, both of Boston; hospital steward, E. F. Kittridge of Low- 
ell; principal musician, L. K. Pickering of Sharon; leader of band, 
Israel Smith of New Bedford. 

Company A, Lowell — Captain, James Farson ; first lieutenant, 
Caleb Philbrick; second lieutenant, George W. Rose. 

Company B — Captain, James Brown; first lieutenant, Edward J. 
Vose, both of Taunton; second lieutenant, George F. Adams of Bel- 
mont. 

Company C — Captain, Thomas B. Rand; first lieutenant, Cyrus E. 
Graves; second lieutenant, Henry W. Gore, all of Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Godfrey Ryder, Jr., of Provincetown; first 
lieutenant, James F. Rowe of Stoneham; second lieutenant, Naaman 
H. Turner of Readino;. 



THE TIIIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 497 

Company E — Captain, William H. H. Hinds of Groton; first lieu- 
tenant, James W. Cieorge of Brighton; second lieutenant, George ^I. 
Walker of Xewton. 

Company F — Captain, William H. Lamson; first lieutenant, D. 
Moody Prescott, both of Lowell; second lieutenant, Caleb Blood of 
Boston. 

Company G, Lo\s"ell — Captain, Charles E. Jones; first lieutenant, 
Baldwin T. Peabody; second lieutenant, Joseph P. Thompson. 

Company H — Captain, Edward B. Blasland; first lieutenant, William 
P. Mudge, both of Boston; second lieutenant, J. Henry Williams of 
Lynn. 

Company I — Captain, Elisha Doane; first lieutenant, James F. Chip- 
man; second lieutenant, Charles H. Nye, all of New Bedford, 

Company K — Ca]itain, B. Frank Rogers; first lieutenant, Charles 
F. Richards, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Lebbeus H. Mitchell 
of Cambridge. 

The two companies not designated in the above roster formed part 
of the command till late in November, when they were transferred 
"to the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment, forming- Companies I 
and K of that organization. The brass-band which accompanied 
the Thirty-third, and which attained to considerable renown in the 
army, was made up of enlisted members of the regiment, the gov- 
ernment no longer furnishing regimental bands. With the excej> 
tion of a steamer ride from Norwich, Ct., to Jersey City, the trip to 
Washington was made by rail. Philadelphia was reached at mid- 
night, but the hospitality of that remarkable city was equal to the 
occasion, and the ^lassachusetts boys found a warm welcome and a 
hearty repast awaiting them. Baltimore was reached during the 
forenoon of the lOth, and as his command debarked from the cars 
Colonel Maggi ordered the muskets loaded, and instructed the mem- 
bers as to their duties in case of hostile demonstrations ; but no 
molestation was oftered as the column marched across the city to 
take the cars for W^ashington. The capital was reached in the early 
evening, and after visiting the Soldiers' Rest and making the ac- 
quaintance of army rations, the soldier boys were quartered for the 
night in a shed with a quantity of well-worn straw for bedding. 

The first encampment of the regiment was ntar Hunter's Chapel 
on the Virginia side of the Potomac, but this was quitted on the 
24th and the command marched to Alexandria where some three 
weeks passed in patrol and guard duty. It was ordered on the loth 
of September to join General Grover's Division in camp near Fair- 
fax Seminary, but two days later returned to Alexandria. On the 



498 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

10th of October the regiment was ordered to Fairfax Court House, 
"where it was brio-aded with the Serenty-third Ohio, One Hundred 
and Thirty-fourth and One Hundred and Thirty -sixth New York, 
forming the Second Brigade, Second Division, Eleventh Corps. 
Colonel Orlando Smith of the Seventy-third commanded the brigade, 
General Steinwehr the division and General Sigel the corps, of which 
the Thirty-third was the only Massachusetts regiment. Meantime 
Major Bates had been commissioned colonel of the Twelfth Regi- 
ment and the vacancy was filled by the promotion of Captain Brown 
from November 29. 

The brigade left camp on the 2d of November and moved toward 
Thoroughfare Gap, where the enemy was reported to be in force. 
Various movements followed until the 10th, when in a heavy snow 
storm the regiment arrived near Warrenton and was ordered Ijack 
to camp, but a subsequent dispatch directed the force again to the 
Gap, which was reached that night, and there the regiment bivou- 
acked until the 16th. A rumor then came of the presence of the 
enemy at White Plains and the Thirty-third were ordered on a recon- 
naissance thither. After a few days there the column was ordered 
back to camp, which was reached on the 22d, the men very weary, 
wet and uncomfortable from several days of storm. 

General Sigel's Corps began its march toward Fredericksburg on 
the 10th of December, the roads being in a terrible condition, the 
men meagerly supplied Avith food, and ill prepared for the journey. 
The vicinity of the Rappahannock was reached on the 17th, two 
days after the close of the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, the 
regiment going into winter quarters with the rest of the army. It 
had its share in the disuuil experiences of Burnside's Mud March 
and on the 5th of February, 1863, the corps moved to Brooks Sta- 
tion near Stafford Court House where it went into more permanent 
quarters. These were occupied until the opening of the Chancel- 
lorsville campaign. 

On the 1st of April Colonel Maggi and Surgeon Warren resigned 
as had Assistant Surgeon Gage some weeks before, and soon after- 
ward Major Brown followed and Assistant Surgeon Brown left to 
become surgeon of the Fifty-fifth Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel 
Underwood was made colonel. Captain Ryder became lieutenant 
colonel, Captain Lamson was commissioned major, Joseph W. Hast- 
intrs of Warren was surueon and Murdock McGregor of Boston as- 



THE THIRTT-TIIIBD REGIMENT. 499 

sistant surgeon, and Lieutenant Mutlge had become adjutant. The 
brigade, in which the Fifty-fifth Ohio had taken the place of the 
One Hundred and Tliirty-fourth New York, was at this time com- 
manded by General Francis C. Barlow. 

The Eleventh Corps, accompanying the Twelfth, left camp on the 
27th of April to open the Chancellorsville campaign. The Rappa- 
hannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford on the evening of the 28th, 
the Rapidan at Germania Ford the next day and the 1st of May 
found Hooker's line established. Barlow's Brigade being the reserve 
of the Eleventh Corps on the extreme Union right. In the terrible* 
disaster to the corps on the following afternoon the Thirty-third did 
not share. Early in the day General Sickles with a strong force 
had moved to the southward to engage a column of the enemy which 
was supposed to be retreating, and Barlow's Brigade was sent out 
in support of this movement. While it was absent the blow fell, 
and for a time the force under Sickles Avas in imminent danger of 
being cut off and destroyed ; but it was extricated and in the even- 
ing General Barlow's command came into position in time to assist 
in checking the Confederate triumph, though the regiment lost the 
knapsacks and other property which had been left behind when it 
started out early in the day. Otherwise the regimental loss in this 
its first battle Avas slight, being five wounded and two missing, and 
as the Eleventh Corps, or what was left of it, was then moved to 
the extreme left of the Union lines and placed in a strong position, 
it was not further engaged. With the rest of the army it recrossed 
the river and returned to the old camp. 

The Thirty-third was one of the regiments detailed to support 
General Pleasonton's cavalry at the battle of Beverly Ford, Brandy 
Station or Fleetwood, as the little engagement of the 9th of June 
is variously called; 500 })icked men from each corps of the Armv 
of the Potomac were selected as infantry support on this occasion, 
and it is worthy of mention that the Thirty-third Regiment from 
the Eleventh Corps and the Second Massachusetts from the Twelfth 
Corps, in each case the only Massachusetts troops in the command, 
were assigned to this responsible duty. The regiment left camp 
on the afternoon of the Gth, marched all night, halted at Spotted 
Tavern for breakfast and a brief rest, then on again to Bealeton 
Station which was reached that evening at 7 o'clock ; a march of 41 
miles in 26 hours. 



500 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The Rappahannock was forded on the morning of the 9th, but 
beyond some skirmishing, losing three men wounded, the Thirty- 
third were not engaged in the sharp fight that ensued. The hostile 
cavalry having been driven out of sight, the regiment recrossed the 
river, forming the rear guard, returned to JBealeton Station, marched 
to Rappahannock Station and Ijack to Bealeton, moving thence to 
Catlett's Station wliere it was joined by the rest of the corps, then 
on its march northward. 

The Gettysburg campaign had begun, and in the marching and 
maneuvering of the memorable weeks which followed the Thirty- 
third bore their share of toil and hardship. The morning of July 
1 found the Eleventh Corps at Emmittsburg, some 10 miles from 
Gettysburg, and at the opening of the battle General Howard, who 
had succeeded Sigel as corps commander just before the battle of 
Chancellorsville, hurried forward as rapidly as possible. On reach- 
ing the field he detached Steinwehr's Division of two small brigades 
with his reserve artillery as a reserve force at Cemetery Hill some 
two miles from the scene of the fight. The Thirty-third Regiment 
formed the extreme left of this reserve force, being posted near the 
junction of the Taneytown road and the Baltimore pike, just in 
front of the Cemetery. Later in the day the First Brigade, Colonel 
Coster, was sent forward to join the fight, leaving the Second Bri- 
gade as the only reserve on which to rally the broken remnants of 
the First and the Eleventh Corps. General Barlow having taken 
temporary command of a division and been wounded, the command 
of the brigade again devolved* upon Colonel Smith of the Seventy- 
third Ohio. 

During the 2d of July the regiment lay in support of Union 
batteries on Cemetery Hill and that evening when the fierce at- 
tack of the Louisiana Tigers was made further to the east. Colonel 
Underwood directed an obii(]ue fire upon the assaihmts which was 
especially effective. During that day and the following the regi- 
ment was almost constantly under heavy artillery fire, suffering a 
loss of seven men killed and 88 wounded. 

Moving southward from Gettysburg after the retreat of Lee's 
army, the Thirty-third found themselves on the 12th of July at 
Hagerstown confronting the enemy, but when on the morning of 
the 14th the Union lines were advanced in order of battle they 
found no antagonists and the Eleventh Corps with the rest of the 



THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 501 

army moved down the Potomac and crossed into Virginia. Gen- 
eral Howard with his command was then detached to guard the 
raih'oad from Alexandria l)v which the supplies for General Meade's 
army were transported and ahout the 1st of August the Thirty-third 
were posted near Catlett's Station, between which and Bristoe Sta- 
tion its time was divided till September 25. During this time 
Second Lieutenant Arthur C. Parker of Boston was murdered by 
bushwhackers. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were now placed 
imder command of General Hooker, detached from the Army of 
the Potomac and sent into Tennessee to co-operate with the Army 
of the Cumberland. 'The journey of 1,400 miles was made in five 
days and nights of continuous travel, principally by rail, and on the 
1st of October the regiment reached Bridgeport, Ala. There and 
at Stevenson the time was passed until the morning of the 27th, 
when Steinwehr's Division, Smith's Brigade leading, began the ad- 
vance toward Chattanooga. 

The enemy were encountered on the 28th and there was some 
skirmishing in which the regiment lost one sergeant, killed, but the 
foe was driven back and the Union troops encamped near Brown's 
Ferry in Lookout Valley. At midnight the camp was alarmed and 
the regiment was called from slumber to the most desperate light 
in its history. The Confederates under cover of darkness had at- 
tacked the camp of Geary's Division of the Twelfth Corps, in the 
rear of Steinwehr, and the latter was ordered back to the assistance 
of the imperiled division. It was found, among other positions 
taken, that the enemy had fortified a hill some 200 feet in hight, so 
abru])t and difiicult that its ascent was almost impossible by day- 
liglit. Colonel Smith was ordered by General Hooker to undertake 
in the thick darkness of the night the terrible task of storming the 
hill antl driving out the enemy. For this desperate work the bri- 
giule comnumder selected his own regiment and the Thirty -third 
Massachusetts, the two numl)ering altogether but some 400 effective 
men. At the word of command the lines, in the best order possible 
under the circumstances, clamljered up the steep slope, through and 
over the obstructions, until finally they stood facing the hostile 
works. "Don't fire on your friends!", said some one through the 
darkness; and the men of the Thirty-third, deceived, were led to 
give their regimental number. The response was a terrible volley 
delivered almost in their faces, which killed or wounded nearly one- 



502 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

half their number and the rest, temporarily stunned and shocked, 
retreated to the foot of the hill. Adjutant Mudgc fell dead at the 
fire, Colonel Underwood, with a terribly shattered thigh, had fallen, 
fatally wounded it was supposed , close to the hostile works, and among 
the dead lay many of the regiment's bravest and best ; but the sur- 
vivors were only momentarily repulsed. As soon as possible the 
shattered line was reformed and then, knowing what was before 
them, the undaunted men climbed once more the deadly steep ; this 
time it was the silent bayonet which did the work. Up to, over and 
into the intrench ments the Boys in Blue went resistlessly ; the enemy 
were driven from their Avorks, broken and demoralized; the Stars 
and Stripes waved in triumph. The civil war saw no more heroic 
charge than this. The men of the Thirty-third had captured a 
position defended by a superior force which according to all military 
science should have been impregnable against many times the num- 
ber of the defenders. Most of the enemy escaped, but a hundred 
remained prisoners in the hands of the victors. The success had 
been won at great cost; besides Adjutant Mudge, Second Lieu- 
tenants Joseph P. Burrage of Cambridge, James Hill of Danvers 
and Oswego Jones of Fall River were killed and four other officers 
Avounded ; 24 enlisted men were killed, 53 wounded and one miss- 
ing, making a total loss of 86 within those few dreadful moments. 
Colonel Underwood finally recovered, though seriously crippled for 
life, and in recognition of his gallantry on this occasion received, 
by special request of General Hooker, a commission as brigadier 
general dating from the 6th of November. 

Following the battle of Wauhatchie the regiment camped for a 
few days near the scene of the conflict, after which it moved up the 
valley toward Chattanooga, having taken ])art in Hooker's " Battle 
above the Clouds" and the assault on Missionary Ridge, November 
25, losing in the latter engagement five wounded and missing. Pur- 
suing Bragg's routed army as far as Red Clay, the regiment paused 
there to destroy the railroad, and then tui-ning northward formed 
a part of Ceneral Shcrmaifs expedition for the relief of Burnside 
at Knoxville. Before the latter place was reached Longstrect had 
raised the siege and Sherman returned to Chattanooga, the men of 
the Thirty-third suffering not a little during the three weeks occu- 
pied by the march, as they were without knapsacks or blankets, 
which they had left behind in the charge on Missionary Ridge. On 



TEE THIRTT-TIIIlilJ REGIMENT. 503 

the 18th of December they again entered Lookout Valley, thoroughly 
exhausted bodily, but in high spirits over the complete success of their 
recent campaign, and ]>r()cceded to build comfortable winter quarters. 

The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated on the 14th 
of April, 18G4, to form the Twentieth, and under this arrangement 
the Thirty-third Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ryder, 
formed a part of the Thiixl Brigade, Third Division. Major Ccn- 
cral Ihitterfield commanded the division and Colonel James Wood, 
.Ir., of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York the brigade. 

The chaplain's services on Sunday, the 1st of May, were inter- 
rupted by the receipt of marching orders for the next morning, in 
accordance with which the comfortable camp was left behind and 
the regiment turned its steps southward. In a few days the enemy 
was found in force at Rocky Face Ridge in defense of Dalton, and 
on the 9th the brigade was detached and sent to Mill Creek Gap 
Avhere it formed line of battle, with two companies of the Thirty- 
third as skirmishers ; but the movement proved only a feint, and 
after the exchange of a few shots the command returned to its 
former position. On the 11th the advance was resumed by Avay of 
Snake Creek Gap, the Confederates being found in a strong position 
near Resaca. 

In the battle of Resaca, which occurred on the loth, the regiment 
took an important part. The i)Osition of the Twentieth Corps was 
at the left of the Union line and Buttcrdekrs Division, supported 
by the others, led the advance. The Third Brigade had the right 
of the division, being formed in echelon, the Thirty-third being the 
second regiment from the right. After getting into i)Osition, which 
was a matter of much difficulty owing to the unfavorable nature of 
the ground, the charge was ordered and the whole line Avent forward 
at the double-quick, driving the enemy back at every point; the 
Thirty-third charged and captured three hills in succession, but 
their triumph cost heavily. First Lieutenants Henry J. Parker of 
Townsend and Edgar L. Bumpus of Braintrce were killed, with 17 
enlisted men, and 63 were wounded, a total loss of 82. 

It was foimd next m(M-ning that the enemy had retreated during 
the night and ])ursuit was made till Cassville was reached, where he 
was again found in force and skirmitshing ensued from the 19th to 
the 22d, the regiment losing one killed and two Avounded. Three 
days' rest followed, then another advance, and on the 25th the Third 



504 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Division was ordered to the support of the Second, ah-eady engaged 
near Dallas. The Thirty-third at once took part, charging the Con- 
federate works and driving the enemy to their inner line, when 
darkness and a severe storm put an end to the fight. In this en- 
gagement the regiment lost ten killed, 43 wounded and four missing. 
Its next skirmish was in front of Kenesaw Mountain, in which it 
lost four wounded. On the 22d of June it was deployed as skir- 
mishers and advanced against the enemy's outposts taking posses- 
sion of a desirable hill. The movement was sharply contested and 
the loss to the regiment, which received much praise for its part in 
the affair, was eight killed and 18 wounded. 

Some days later the Confederates again retreated and on the 3d 
of July the advance was resumed, a few miles being made each day 
till the 6th, Avhen camp was made near the Chattahoochee. Some 
days later the regiment, being now reduced to little more than 
a handful of effective men, was detailed as train guard, m which 
duty it served during the siege of Atlanta, having no further active 
part in the operations against that stronghold. On the 27th of 
August it was relieved and reported for duty at the fords and bridges 
of the Chattahoochee, remaining there till the 5th of September, 
It was then sent to report to General Slocum in Atlanta and was 
detailed to guard prisoners in the city, but after a few days of this 
duty it reported to Colonel Cogswell, post commandant, for provost 
duty, in which it continued until the beginning of the march to the 
sea. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Ryder resigned, Major 
Doane was promoted to the vacancy and took command of the regi- 
ment, Captain Tebbetts being made major. 

Atlanta was evacuated by the main body of Sherman's army on 
the 15th of November, and the following day the provost guard 
undei- Colonel Cogswell followed, the Thirty-third forming the rear 
guard and thus being the last regiment to leave the city. The 
Twentieth Corjjs followed the railroad toward Augusta, destroying 
it as they went, l)ut leaving it at Covington and marching by way 
of Eatonton reached Milledgeville on the 23d, where the regiment 
rejoined its brigade. Thence an eastward course was taken through 
Davisl)oro and Louisville toward Millen, from which the Union 
prisoners of war were hurriedly removed. This point was reached 
on the 3d of December, when the column turned southward and for 
a week marched through the rice swamps of Georgia. It was a 



THE TUIBTY-THIBB EEGIMENT. 505 

strange march, with scarcely a house to be seen and everywhere the 
vast level of the country, marshy, almost im])enetrable, covered 
with endless pine forests, yet in every direction filled with vast mov- 
ing bodies of men, horses, wagons, artillery and all the belongings 
of a great army. 

On the 10th of Deceml)cr the outposts at Savannah were reached 
and the weary army halted. During the long march through the 
heart of the Confederacy there had been but one day of rest and 
not more than two or three days had marked less than ten miles of 
advance, and in addition to the march proper there had been the 
ceaseless destruction and devastation, and the necessity for. constant 
foraging to supi)ly the arm3\ On the night of the 20tli General 
Hardee evacuated Savannah and the following morning it was oc- 
cupied by the Union army. New-year's day, 1865, was selected for 
a review of the Twentieth Corps in the city and the following morn- 
ing the regiment was ferried across the Savannah river on the 
steamer Planter, which had just been captured from the Confeder- 
ates, and landed four miles below on the South Carolina side. The 
next day it marched 12 miles to Cheeves Farm on New river, Beau- 
fort district, where it went into camp. 

The initial northward movement was made on the IGth, simul- 
taneously with the coming of winter rains, when one day's march 
took the regiment to Hardeeville where it remained till the 29th, 
and with the coming of February began in earnest the march of 
Sherman's army through the Carolinas. Some changes in com- 
manders had taken place, the division being at the time under General 
W. T. Ward, and Colonel Cogswell of the Second Massachusetts 
commanding the Third Brigade, to which the Twentieth Connecticut 
and the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Regiments had been added. All 
through the month of February the destroying columns moved 
steadily northward, the Thirty-third [lassing Columbia on the ITth 
and at the close of the month reaching the North Carolina line. 
The 12th of March was spent in cam]) near Fayetteville and on 
the lOth the regiment toolc part in the battle of Averysboro, losing 
one killed and ten wounded. 

The battft of Bentonville came three days later, and early in the 
afternoon the Third Division reached the field, taking a position in 
support of the Fourteenth Corps which had begun the fight. Soon 
after^tard, however, Colonel Cogswell's Brigade was moved to the 



506 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

front to fill a gap in the line, the Thirty-third with two compa- 
nies as skirmishers being placed to cover the right Hank. Here 
several attacks were received and repulsed, General Johnston mak- 
ing desperate efforts with his entire force to overwhelm the two 
isolated corps of the Union army before the others could arrive to 
their support. In this fight the Thirty-third captured about 30 
prisoners and the battle flag of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee Regi- 
ment, its own loss being but five men wounded. Night ended the 
fighting and next morning the brigade rejoined its division on the 
left, extending the lines in that direction and fortifying. On the 
morning of the 22d the Thirty -third accom})anied by the Twenty- 
sixth Wisconsin went on an expedition to feel for the right of the 
enemy's line, having found which and exchanged a few shots, it re- 
turned with the loss of one man killed. 

The next day, Johnston having retired, the Union army advanced 
to Goldsboro where it was reviewed by General Sherman and went 
into camp, having joined forces with General Schofield, thus open- 
ing communication with the base of supplies which the latter had 
established at Kinston. Resting for a few days while his army was 
being supplied and clothed, General Sherman prepared on the 10th 
of April to move upon Raleigh and on the 12th at Smithfield re- 
ceived the news of Lee's surrender. Raleigh was reached next day 
by soldiers who had never before marched with so light hearts and 
so strong limbs, and there the advance halted. General Johnston, 
seeing the hopelessness of prolonging the struggle, opened negotia- 
tions for a surrender, which was finally consummated on the 24th. 
The camps about Raleigh were vacated on the 30th and on the 9th 
of May the army encamped within three miles of Richmond. Rest- 
ing there for two days it resumed the journey toward Washington, 
reaching Alexandria on the 19th. On the 24th General Sherman's 
army was reviewed in Washington and immediate preparations for 
the muster out of the various regiments being made, the Thii'ty-third 
took cars for Massachusetts, Sunday, June 11, reaching Boston on 
Tuesday, where they received an enthusiastic reception and a ban- 
quet at Fancuil Hall, after which cars were taken for Readville. 
While the final papers were being prepared the men wcr? furloughed 
to their homes, reassembling on the 2d of July Avhen they were 
paid, discharged, and the Thirty-third Regiment, Massachusetts 
Volunteers, ceased to exist. 



THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-fourth Regiment was provided for by Governor 
Andrew's order of the 29th of May, 1862, which directed 
that 10 of the 30 companies called for should be raised in 
the five western counties of the state, forming a regiment, to en- 
camp on the Agricultural Grounds at Worcester. The camp was 
named in honor of General John E. Wool of the United States 
Army, and William S. Lincoln of Worcester, with the rank of lieu- 
tenant colonel, was placed in charge. The first recruits arrived on 
the 13th of June, and from that time steadily increased in number. 
The call of early July for several additional regiments made the 
camp a rendezvous for numerous Western Massachusetts detach- 
ments, but the i)rogress of the Thirty -fourth was steady, the enlisted 
men being mustered at different dates but principally on the 13th and 
31st of July, with a few additions early in August. Most of the offi- 
cers' commissions bore date of August 6, and the roster follows: — 

Colonel, George D. Wells of Boston; lieutenant colonel, William S. 
Lincoln of Worcester; major, Henry Bowman of Clinton; atljutant, 
Samuel F. Woods of Worcester; quartermaster, Charles H. llowland 
of Plymouth; surgeon, Eouse R. Clarke of ]S'"orthbridgc ; assistant 
surgeons, William Thorudike of Beverly and Cyrus B. Smith of 
Granby; chai)lain, Edward B. Fairchild of Sterling; sergeant major, 
Charles B. Cutler; quartermaster sergeant, Charles P. Trumbull, both 
of Worcester; commissary sergeant, George W. Marsh of Leominster; 
hospital steward, James P. Fairbanks of Pittsfield; principal musician, 
Thomas P. Griffin of Leicester. 

Comj)auy A — Captain, Harrison W. Pratt; first lieutenant, John A. 
Lovell, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Robert W. Walker of 
Boston. 

Company B — Captain, Andrew Potter ; first lieutenant, Lafayette 
Butler, both of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, William L. Cobb of 
Lancaster. 

Company C — Captain, Alonzo D. Pratt of West Boylston; first lieu- 
tenant. Frank T. Leach of Northboro; second lieutenant, Henrj Bacon 
of Worcester. 



508 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company D — Ca])tain, George W. Thompson of Springfield; first 
lieutenant, James W. Smith of Hadley; second lieutenant, J. Austin 
Lyman of Springfield. 

Company E — Captain, AVilliam B. Bacon of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenant, George Macomber of Oakham; second lieutenant, Levi Lin- 
coln, Jr., of Worcester. 

Company F — Captain, Charles L. Chandler of Brookline; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles W. Elwell; second lieutenant, Thomas W. Riple}^ both 
of Greenfield. 

Company G — Captain, Dexter F. Parker of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenant, Chauncey R. Chauncey of Northampton ; second lieutenant, 
Jerre Horton of Westfield. 

Company H — Captain, Henry P. Fox; first lieutenant, Albert C. 
Walker, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Malcolm Ammidon of 
South bridge. 

Company I — Captain, Daniel Holden of Ware ; first lieutenant, 
Alexis C. Soley of Worcester; second lieutenant, George E. Goodrich 
of Fitchburg. 

Company K — Captain, William H. Cooley; first lieutenant, Lyman 
W. Van Loan; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Piatt, all of Pittsfield. 

Colonel Wells was promoted from lieutenant colonel of the First 
Massachusetts Regiment, and Major Bowman from a captaincy in 
the Fifteenth ; but the latter, having been captured and paroled, only 
accompanied the regiment to Washington, and a few days later when 
exchanged he was made colonel of the Thirty-sixth, when Captain 
Harrison W. Pratt became major of the Thirty-fourth. 

A national flag was presented to the regiment on the 12th of 
August by the ladies of Worcester, Alexander H. Bullock making 
the address, and the command was directed to start for Washington 
the next day; but it was not till the 15th, after the men had been 
armed with the Sjiringfield rilled musket, that Camp Wool was 
finally quitted, (ioing by cars to Norwich, steamer was taken to 
Jersey City, Avhcnce rail was resumed to Washington direct, the 
regiment passing through Philadelphia and Baltimore, sharing the 
never-failing hospitality of the former and the sullen coldness of 
the latter. Washington w^as reached in the afternoon of the 17tli 
and the command was quartered that night at the " Soldiers' Home," 
whence it marched on the following day to its camp of instruction 
near Hunter's Chapel, between Arlington and Munson's Hill, the 
location being officially known as Camp Casey. 

The camp was soon left, however, for on the 21st the regiment 
was ordered to Alexandria, to be furnished transportation to Cat- 



THE TfllRTY-FOURrir BEGIMENT. o09 

lett's Station and join the forces of General Banks; but though 
Alexandria was reached in due time, the transportation was not 
forthcoming, and very fortunately for the Thirt\'-fourth, since the 
Station was raided by the enemy's cavalry tlu^ following night, and 
the regiment, though well sui)i)lied with other ammunition, had not 
a single ])ercussion cap and could not have fired a shot I While 
awaiting delinito disposition of his coninuind, Colonel Wells estab- 
lished "Camp Worcester,"' some three miles from Alexandria on 
the line of the railroad and near Cloud's Mills. 

Here the Thirty-Fourth remained during the exciting events which 
followed in rapid succession — the battles about Groveton, the arrival 
at Alexandria of the remains of the Army of the Potomac return- 
ing from the Peninsula, the retirement of Pope's broken battalions, 
the restoration of McClellan to the command of the united armies 
and his departure to Maryland in pursuit of the invading Confeder- 
ates. The latter event left the regiment in the extreme front of the 
forces defending Washington, and in addition to several com]»anies 
daily detailed for duty in Alexandria, and like demands Avhich had 
been nuide during its occupancy of Camj) Worcester, it was now 
called on for picket and outpost duty. The expectation of a hostile 
movement in front led to the ordering of the regiment back of Fort 
Ellsworth on the 9th of September, to Camp Slough, whence three 
days later it was moved a mile to the front, reporting to General 
Grover near Fairfax Seminary, where it joined the Thirty-third 
Massachusetts, Eleventh New Jersey and One Hundred and Twen- 
tieth New York, all new troops, in forming a brigade, which Colonel 
Wells as senior officer commanded. 

This had a brief existence. On the IGth the Thirty-fourth were 
ordered to the immediate vicinity of Fort Lyon, Colonel Wells 
being made commandant of the fort and its defenses. A permanent 
camp was established, in which the reuiment renuiined iov months 
while other troops came and went. ^Mut-h of this time the Thirty- 
fourth i)ieketed the front, and in addition the men worked to ex- 
tend and complete the fortifications in the vicinity, drilling also with 
the heavy guns in the fort. There was an occasional alarm from 
the incursion of some marauding band of the enemy, but no hostile 
shots were exchanged. 

The regiment was not again brigaded till the lOtli of January, 
18G3, when it became a part of the command of General Robert O. 



510 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Tyler, the other regiments of the brigade being the First and Nine- 
teenth Connecticut and the Fourteenth Massachusetts. The troops 
in the Washington defenses were about this time designated as the 
Twenty-second Corps, General Heintzelman commanding. General 
Tyler was relieved from this command toward the close of April, 
and Colonel Wells with his regiment had been assigned to the gar- 
risoning of several forts and redoubts in the vicinity of the winter 
quarters, when orders were received on the evening of the 3d of 
May to march at once to Upton's Hill, between Munson's and Min- 
er s Hills, where a month of garrison and outpost duty followed. 

On the 1st of June the Thirty-fourth were very unexpectedly 
ordered to Washington, and on reporting to General Martindale 
were assigned quarters on East Capitol Street, only a short distance 
from the Capitol ; wooden barracks were occupied, and large details 
were at once sent out on duty in different parts of the city. This 
detail continued for more than a month, ])ut on the evening of the 
9th of July orders were received and the regiment quitted the city 
by the Baltimore Railroad, proceeding to Relay House and thence 
by rail to Sandy Hook, opposite Harper's Ferry, and climbing to a 
position on Maryland Hights became a part of General Negley's 
command. The Thirty-fourth with the Thirty-ninth Massachusetts, 
One Hundred and Seventy-third Pennsylvania and two squadrons 
of cavalry were constituted a brigade under command of Colonel 
Wells, stationed in the vicinity of Fort Duncan ; but the Thirty-ninth 
were detached to join General Briggs's Brigade en route to the Army 
of the Potomac, then encamped near Williamsport. 

For a few days the river divided the hostile forces, but on the 
morning of the 15th the Thirtyfourth where ordered to force the 
passage of the Potomac, which was gallantly done by details in 
boats, the enemy's skirmishers being driven from the southern 
bank ; after which ponton bridges were laid, the Union cavalry 
crossed and the occupation was made permanent, though for some 
days the regiment was the only infantry force across the river, and 
was consequently severely taxed by the manifold duties of the posi- 
tion. During this time General Negley was transferred and was 
succeeded in the command of the post by General Lockwood, the 
commander of the " Potomac Home Brigade " of Maryland troops. 
Soon after, the time of the One Hundred and Seventy-third Penn- 
sylvania Regiment having expired, it left the brigade and its place 



THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 511 

was taken by the Ninth and Tenth Maryland six-montlis' regiments. 
On the loth of October General Lockwood was relieved and Colonel 
Wells succeeded to the command of the post and the l)riuade. 

The regiment saw its lirst engagement on the 18tli of October. 
Early that morning Imboden's cavalry dashed upon the Federal 
outposts near Charlestown, surprised and captured most of the Ninth 
Maryland and pressed back the small force of Union cavalry. The 
Thirty-fourth, in camp near Bolivar, were soon under arms and hur- 
ried to the scene. It was found that the enemy had begun to fall 
back along- the Berryville pike and the regiment, under command 
of the lieutenant colonel, pursued. A running light followed for 
some distance, the ground being favorable for frequent stands by 
the retiring enemy. As the regiment fought almost alone, and was 
often under severe fire, it was fortunate in escaping with a loss of 
two of the color guard killed and eight men wounded. The enemy 
having been driven some distance, the pursuit was abandoned and 
about midnight the victors returned to camp, having inarched 86 
miles, fighting their way for six miles. This affair is variously 
called the battle of Ripon, of Berryville and of Charlestown. 

No further movement of importance occurred till the 10th of De- 
cember, when a midwinter expedition of the brigade up the Valley 
was begun in support of the raid of General AverelFs cavalry 
against the salt-works of Western Virginia. The Thirty-fourth led 
the column, which moved by way of Berryville and Winchester to 
Strasburg, where a halt was made from the afternoon of the 12th 
to the morning of the 16th, most of the time in a cold, disagreeable 
storm. During this time the enemy's outposts extended along the 
right bank of the North Fork of the Shenandoah, while the federal 
force in a very thin line held the left. The little column started 
forward again on the 16th, and three days of very severe marching 
bi'ought it to Harrisonburg on the evening of the 18th. Bivouac was 
made, with large tires, the cold being intense, when intelligence Avas 
' received that General Jubal A. Early was within a few miles with 
his corps, and the brigade, numbering only some 1,700 men, started 
in retreat, leaving the fires burning to mislead the enemy. The 
column moved rapidly, leaving its cavalry at Winchester and its 
artillery at Charlestown, and late in the afternoon of the 24th the 
Thirty-fourth reached their former camp, sadly exhausted but hav- 
ing suffered no loss and bringing back nearly a hundred prisoners. 



IZ± jrASSACHTSETTS IX THE WAR. 

Eaiiy porsDed the daring brigade to wnhin a few miles of its in- 
trepchm^ : - " dioogfa there were manr minors and alarms and 
scene 5li^_: . . -^_=i<ms. Ae Thirrr-fomtli being called from camp 
sereral tmi€S- no engagement of note occurred. Colonel Wells 
being ^^ailed on cxwrt-mardaL Lieotenant Colonel Lincoln was as- 
sagned to command the brigade, and the regiment was thus left in 
the hands <rf lIa5or Pratt. Xinetr necmits were received on the 
l-kh cs Jannanr. 1>^^^ and two davs later the brigade was discon- 
tiniKd. the Tbirir-fonrth ' . ' mporari^ - ' . :i-d to Wheat-C'n's 
Brigade fA the Sxth Cori - of the I „. . which had be^n 

srfBi to the Ticimtj for service wiiile the Army of the Potomac was 
:: - -ter qnarters. On the 20th, however, the re<r:ment was 

z. __ jsdep^idcait command under the immed'';''^ or^ron of 

Gaaeral Sollivan commanding the division- 

It took ears on the 1st <rf Febmary for CTunl-eTlaiid. Md.. where 
' '^T:r?~il K^'l^ anticipated an attack from Early, reaching the town 
- - - - ^ I- I. _ and remaining till the evening of the 7th with no sight 
fd the en€3nv, tfaoogh his raiding parties were occasionally heard 
from in the near vicinity. Then the command returned to its camp, 
Imdifiy 40 remdts in waiting, and save mnltitodinoas details and 
an oeeasooal alarm no events oi importance occorred till the open- 
ing ' ' 'ng campaign. *" 14th of February an order was 
i«iir - ng the regimet raton's Brigade, and on the 
•5di m Hardi the command was sent to Point of Hocks, near the 
■ mfjxiih <d the IfcHkoeacy, where danger was anticipated bat not re- 
s'' - " After three days erf outpost duty there it was ordered to 
] r«r. where Colonel Wells was made post commandant and 
c vjmander. the force c . orf his own regiment 
t . ri ar" -^ — -^ * -^ ndred and Twentj- 
t Ththel y. 

Bnt the regiment was wanted again at Harpers Ferry, and late 
in 3lajth orders were uasoed for its return to that po«t ; in porsuarice 
ca which it marched on the 2d of April through a terribly sev*-;'; 
stomi, saffering greatly on the march through the mingled snow 
and mod, bivooacking that niidit in a forest a mfle or "^ of 

the destination on Camp fJall, whidli was reached ne:^ -'J^- 

Within two weeks the brimude was broken up and reconstructed of 
i •jhadC'.- ' rj'rl 

A^ ... -, . ... .,. ^.v.. :.;xiehad . . .- .. -.. -. ^ - . . .>-..-.:.:.d 



THI -FOURTH REGLMIUrr. 513 

of the post at Harp-ers r erry and relicTed of it — again taking Ihe 
brigsde. Once more the regiment was ordered ba: " * ^ -rin^burg. 
marching on the ITih and reaching there on the f. - ay. -srhen 

Colonel Wells was again made post commandant. This continned 
till the 2oih. when bting relieved he returned to the command of 
the Thirty-fourth, after an absence of nine months. 

Thus far in its history the experiences of the regiment had been 
mainly of garrison and . with some hard mi: i 

decidedly trying simati«-i-r. _i now to enter upon - : 

a more deadly nature. General Sigel commanding the department 
was directed to take vigorous action in concert with the movement 
of the other Union armies, and while a portion of his force un ier 
General Crook operated in the Kanawha Valley. Sullivan's P;v:s. n 
and Stahel's cavalry, in all a linle more than 4,000 men. imier 
Sigel's immediate direction, were put in march": _■ -■ r and aii- 
vaneed to Winchester. The Thirty-fourth, for:. _ n of the 
Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Thobum of the First West 
Tirj'nia. marched on the iI9th of April to Bunker W j. the 

lid "I May to Winchester, where a stop was made till . vhen 

the little column asrain set forward, moving to Cedar Crteek and 
haltincr a day for the building of a bridge, when the movement was 
contii-ued to Woodstock. 

There the regiment remained till near noon of the 14th- when it 
was suddenly called under arms and at once went . with 

orders to report to Colonel Moor of the Twenty-eigl. com- 

manding the First Brigade. Rapid marching till nvj.. . _ .: took 
the command nearly to New Market, where it met the scattered frag- 
ments of Boyd's First New York Cavalry, which had bexr. - —■ > 
handled by a strong force of the enemy, and the Thirty-fc a 

came under fire. Finding a section of Federal artillery in the vicin- 
ity unsupported the regiment went to its : -- - " : e 
woods in its rear the men hud on their a: - _ --.. 
This position was found during the night to be to the right of Colonel 
Moor's foree. The next day witnessed the battle of New Market, 
in which the regiment sudferod severely. 

Soon after breakfast it was ordered back to a point some two 
miles in the rear, where line of battle was formed, but it was almost 
iinmeiiiately advanced to the former position, where Companies B 
r.ud I were deployed as skirmishers and checked the advance of a 



514 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

considerable Confederate force, but were soon rallied and joined 
the regiment in forming a line somewhat to the rear. There the 
attack of Breckinridge's troops in two strong lines was received, 
which brushed away the^kirmishers but was checked by the heavy 
fire of the Thirty-fourth and the artillery, which broke the first Con- 
federate line. A counter-charge was then ordered, and the regiment 
went forward magnificently under a very severe fire; but the troops 
on both flanks retiring almost as soon as the hostile fire was en- 
countered left the Thirty-fourth opposed to a vastly outnumbering 
force. Yet it was with great difficulty that the advance of his brave 
fellows was checked by Colonel Wells, who seized the color-bearer 
by the shoulders, faced him to the rear and finally led the remnant 
of his command back toils former position. The entire Union line 
was now giving way, but the Thirty-fourth and some other troops 
contested the Confederate advance, making frequent stands till 
Rude's Hill, a mile to the rear and near the North Fork of the 
Shenandoah, was reached, where the line was again established, and 
the enemy did not attempt to pursue their advantage further. After 
a time this position was evacuated, the Union forces retiring over 
the river to Mount Jackson and burning the bridge, which tem- 
porarily checked the Confederates. 

The Thirty-fourth had taken into the action some 500 men, of 
whom it had lost more than one-half. Captain Bacon and 27 men 
had been killed, eight officers and 166 men wounded, of whom Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Lincoln, Captain Fox and Lieutenant Walker with 
32 enlisted men severely wounded fell into the hands of the enemy, 
as did Captain Chauncey, Lieutenant Ammidon and nearly 20 un- 
Avoundcd men of Com})any C, cut off from the skirmish line. 
Colonel Wells was slightly wounded, but did not leave the field. 
The seriously wounded of the regiment were collected at Mount 
Jackson and placed in charge of Assistant Surgeon Allen, after 
which the retrograde movement was continued during the night 
and after a short stop for breakfast all the next day. Cedar Creek 
being crossed the following morning, when the faces of the weary 
soldiers were again turned toward the foe. 

Early on the morning of the 18th the Thirty -fourth. Captain Pot- 
ter in command, with the Twelfth West Virginia and a small force 
of cavalry and artillery, all under command of Colonel Wells, ad- 
vanced throudi Strasburg to Fisher's Hill, which was held for a day 



THE TUIRTY-FOURTII BEGIMENT. 51.^ 

or two, when the force fell back to Strasburg, where the reginient 
was rejoined by Major Pratt, Adjutant Woods, and other ofiicers 
who had been absent on detached duty. On the 22d General Hun- 
ter succeeded General Sigel, and four days later another advance 
began. On the 26th the Thirty-fourth marched to Woodstock, and 
on the 29th advanced to the battle-field of the 15tli, where a tem- 
porary encampment Avas made. 

The forward movement was continued on the 2d of June, the march 
of that day being to Harrisonburg, where several hundred wounded 
from both armies had been gathered by the Confederates after the 
battle of New JMarket. Imboden's rear guard was driven from the 
place, but intelligence being received that the enemy in force were 
gathered a few miles in advance the Union troops went forward on 
the 4th, passing through Port Rei)ublic and bivouacking a short 
distance beyond on the Staunton road in a pouring rain. Soon after 
-the advance began next day the Confederates under General Jones 
were encountered and the battle of Piedmont was fought. After 
the Union line had been deployed the foe was gradually pressed 
back till his main line was felt. Moor's Bricrade was on the ri<rht, 
and Thoburn's was directed to co-operate with it in a charge, the 
Thirty-fourth being detached and moved by the left fiank to an ad- 
vantageous position, from which they were directed to charge the 
enemy in the Avoods in tlicir front. 

The regiment advanced, receiving a heavy fire, pressed the enemy 
back into the woods for some distance, when he rallied and a sharp 
fight ensued for some 20 minutes. • A strong Confederate force 
then came down the road and struck the two left companies of the 
Thirty-fourth, inflicting heavy loss, but after a desperate fight of 
15 minutes the Federal lino wa§ pressed forward, driving the enemy 
and winning the field. The Thirty -fourth advanced into the next 
piece of woods where they bivouacked for the night. Their loss 
during the day had been 13 killed and 97 wounded, among the lat- 
ter being Adjutant Woods and Lieutenant Albert C. Walker fatally, 
the last named dying in the enemy's hands, and Major Pratt and 
Captain Potter seriously. The casualties in the two left companies 
numbered 54. 

The regiment marched to Staunton next day and on the 7th made 
an excursion of a few miles into the country beyond, a day or two 
being devoted to the destruction of railroads, bridges and jniblic 



516 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

property in the neighborhood. At this time Colonel Wells suc- 
ceeded Colonel Moor in command of the First Brigade, to which 
the Thirty-fourth also went, changing places with the Eighteenth 
Connecticut. Colonel Wells's Brigade consisted of his own regi- 
ment, the One Hundred and Sixteenth and the One Hundred and 
Twenty-third Ohio, with four companies of the Fifth New York 
Heavy Artillery. 

Two days' march, beginning on the 10th, took the regiment to 
Lexington, which it occupied on the 12th, joining with other forces 
in the destruction of public property, and Avhile there Wells's Brigade 
was strengthened by the addition of two short term regiments, the 
One Hundred and Fifty-second and the One Hundred and Sixty-first 
Ohio. Again forward on the 14th to Buckhannon, the Thirty-fourth 
formed a portion of the train guard, and the next day over the Blue 
Ridge toward Lynchburg, which was reached on the 17th, or rather 
the enemy's lines Avere encountered, behind which the reinforce- 
ments from Lee's army under Early were rapidlj' arriving. After 
some skirmishing the regiment passed the night in line of battle, 
and during the 18th was engaged, at times quite sharply, charges and 
counter-charges being made with no advantage to either side, the loss 
of the Thirty-fourth being five men killed and over 40 wounded. 

That evening the retrograde march began, and 25 miles were 
made before morning, taking the regiment some distance beyond 
Liberty. There were few more dismal experiences in the entire war 
than the scramble of Hunter's command through the mountains of 
West Virginia to escape from the trap into which it had deliberately 
walked. After this severe night march two hours only were allowed 
the tired column for rest, and of food it had at no time more than 
half rations, frequently none at all. For two or three days no 
stop of more than a few hours was made, and then a long daily 
march to the full possibility of the jaded men and teams took the 
fugitive column by way of Salem, New London, New Castle, White 
Sulphur Springs, Lewisburg, over the Little Sewall and Big Sewall 
Mountains, reaching Gauley Bridge and the Union lines on the 29th, 
whei-e food and rest were had. 

But even after this trying experience there was to be no extended 
pei'iod of rest. The movement of General Hunter had left the way 
open for General Early,, and that officer was walking into the fertile 
regions of the North, to knock even at the doors of the national 



THE THIRTY-FOUBTII REGIMENT. 517 

capital, and the tired column at Gauley Bridge was ordered to march 
on the 2d of July, the Tliirty-fourth reaching Piatt the following 
day, where on the 4th eight companies took boat down the river to 
Blenncrhasset's Island, marching thence to Parkersburg and taking 
cars to Cherry Run, which was reached on the evening of the 8th, 
the other companies coming two days later. 

The brigade l)eing reunited marched on the 11th to Martinsburg, 
stopped there for a day, and on the 13th and 14th went on to and 
through Harj)er's Ferry, across the Potomac by the ponton l)ridge, 
camping that night near Ivno'xville. The loth saw the regiment 
marching along the tow-path of the canal nearly to Berlin, where 
the Potomac was forded, the water up to the waists of the men, and 
via the Lecsburg pike to near Ilillsboro, where bivouac was made. 
After noon of the 16th the march was resumed as far as Waterford, 
some skirmishing occurring along the way, Avhen orders were re- 
ceived from General Crook, who had taken command of the First 
Division, for the brigade to join him at Purcellville, which it did 
very late at night. 

The command started in the morning of the 18th for Snicker's 
Gap, where the Union cavalry was reported to be engaged with the 
enemy in force, and when in the early afternoon the summit of the 
mountain was passed the Confederates were seen on the opposite 
bank of the Shenandoah. Colonel Thoburn, commanding the divis- 
ion, was directed to cross, which he did a mile or so below the Ferry, 
the Thirty-fourth leading, fording the river in the face of the enemy, 
forming and driving back his lines some half a mile to the cover of 
a forest, and taking some 20 prisoners. Thoburn's line was then 
prolonged to the right by the other brigades, but a strong attack 
soon after crumbled that part of his command and forced it back 
into the river. The Thirty-fourth changed front and nuide a charge, 
driving back the Confederates and holding them till the regiment 
had exhausted its ammunition, v hen it was ordered back across the 
river, having lost four killed and 11 wounded. 

That night the Thirty-fourth bivouacked in Snicker's Gap, where 
they remained the next day, on the 20th crossed the Shenandoah, 
from which the enemy had n(jw retired, and bivouacked beside their 
recent held of battle till the morning of the 22d. Going that day 
to "Winchester, they were ordered out next morning to meet the 
enemy a mile or so to the south, built a line of breastworks, and as 



518 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the Confederates made no demonstration retired again to the vicinity 
of the town. The succeeding morning — the 24th — found the foe 
in strong- force, and severe fighting took place till it was evident that 
the Union forces were inadequate to cope with the numbers opposed 
to them, when a retreat was ordered, the brigade being put in charge 
of the trains and bivouacking that night at Bunker Hill. Skir- 
mishing was resumed next morning in a severe rain storm, the 
brigade, forming the Union rear guard, beginning to fall back at 9 
o'clock and at noon halting at Martinsburg, where the desultory- 
conflict lasted most of the afternoon, the enemy being pressed back 
for a considerable distance, the Thirty-fourth afterward retiring by 
wav of the Williamsport pilce to the banks of the Potomac, where 
the night was passed. 

The river was crossed on the morning of the 26th and after a 
little stop at Williamsport the regiment took the Sharpslnirg pike to 
Boonsboro, which it reached about sunset, was called up at 10 o'clock 
that night and marched to Sharpsburg, halted till morning and then 
pushed forward to Pleasant Valley. Resting there till afternoon of 
the next day, the command recrossed the river at Harper's Ferry 
and marched to Halltown, receiving a needed outfit of new clothing. 
Marching orders came again at noon of the 30th, the river was 
crossed once more, and late at night the regiment halted at Bur- 
kittsville, Md., continuing next morning through Middletown to 
near Wolfsboro, the men suffering intensely from tlie heat. This 
movement of Hmiter's command was caused by jMcCausland's burn- 
ing of Chambersburg, Pa. On the 3d of August the regiment 
marched through Fredericlc and to the Monocacy, which it crossed 
by the ford, encamping on its banks. 

The command of the department was now given to General Sheri- 
dan, and under him the Thirty-fourth entered upon a campaign of 
oven greater activity. The movement began on the 6th, Avhen the 
regiment forded the IMonocacy and marched through Jefferson to 
Pleasant Valley ; from there on the 9th the mai'ch was through 
Harper's Ferry to Knox's Ford on the Shenandoah, on the 10th to 
Berryville, on the 11th to White Post and next day to Middletown, 
the enemy being in force about the creek beyond the town and 
sharp skirmishing ensuing during the afternoon. On the evening 
of the 16th Sheridan's retreat down the Valley began, and that 
night the regiment marched to Winchester, the next day to Berry- 



THE TniRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 519 

ville, on the 18th to Ripon, halting for 48 hours in a grove near the 
scene of its first engagement the previous October, and in the after- 
noon of the 20th moving to the vicinity of Charlestown. 

The attack of Early's troops upon the Union outposts the follow- 
ing morning called the regiment into line some distance to the west 
of the town, where it intrenched, hut that night it moved to Hall- 
town taking position near the center of the Federal lines. During 
the followiug days there was frequent skirmishing, from which the 
command suffered no loss, and on the 3d of September it marched 
to Bcrryville. Here the enemy was found in force and fortifying 
and skirmishing continued till the 5th, during which the Thirty- 
fourth lost one man killed and five wounded ; a season of quiet then 
ensued, and on the 8th the regiment marched across the fields to 
Summit Point, the extreme right of the Union lines, where it went 
into camp and remained till early morning of the 19th, when with 
the rest of Sheridan's army it set out to take part in the battle of 
the Opequan. 

The Eighth Corps, — General Crook's command, — was held in re- 
serve near the crossing of Opequan Creole during the early part of 
the battle, but after the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps were well en- 
gaged the Eighth was ordered forward to extend the Union right. 
In the general advance which followed when position was gained 
the Thirty-fourth, ably commanded by Major Pratt, were somewhat 
separated from all other troops by the conformation of the ground. 
Becoming exposed to a flank fire from some Confederate guns sup- 
ported l)y a line of infantry behind a stone-wall, they changed front 
in that direction to charge the offensive l)attery. As the regiment 
came within short range of the Southern infantry it received a terri- 
rible fire, killing or wounding great numbers and immediately check- 
ing its j)rogress, the line throwing itself Tipim the earth to partially 
escape the annihilating blast. After hugging the ground till the 
troops to the right and left could get within supporting distance, the 
regiment Avas ordered to charge, and with a dash sprang to and over 
the wall, capturing one of the guns and some prisoners, Avhile the 
rest of the defenders fled toward Winchester; but the joy of the 
moment was sadly clouded by the death of Captain Thompson, an 
officer of high repute. 

The combined charge of the three corps which followed drove the 
Confederates from the field, when the Union cavalry took up the 



520 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

fight and completed the rout. The Thirty-fourth with the rest of 
General Crook's command passed through Winchester and followed 
the retreating enemy as far as Millwood, where the night's bivouac 
was made. The regiment's loss had been severe — besides Captain 
Thompson six enlisted men had been killed, and the list of wounded 
reached 97, several being fatally hurt. 

The command marched to Cedar Creek on the 20th and next 
morning advanced to Strasburg, beyond which Early had taken up 
a very strong position on Fisher's Hill, where he was already con- 
fronted by the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps. The Eighth at first 
took position on their left, but before daylight of the 22d was moved 
around to the right and crept through the woods at the base of 
North Mountain undiscovered till a favorable position on the enemy's 
flank was gained, when a general charge was made and with little 
more than spasmodic attempts at resistance the surprised foe was 
driven from point to point, losing heavily and being pursued up the 
Valley by the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps as far as Mount Jackson. 
The Thirty-fourth, whose flag is claimed to have been the first 
planted on the Confederate works, captured two guns and seven 
caissons, their loss in the series of charges being 19 wounded ; but 
an accident after the evening bivouac was ordered resulted in the 
fatal wounding of Major Pratt, then commander — a m.ost worthy 
officer, whose loss was deeply mourned. A stack of arms in the 
camp of a neighboring regiment being thrown down, one of the 
muskets was discharged and the ball passed through both of the 
major's legs, from which he died on the 25th. 

Stopping on the field for a day to bury the dead and care for the 
wounded, the regiment started southward on the 24tli, marching 
that day beyond Mount Jackson and the next day to Harrisonburg, 
where it was detailed for provost duty, in which it was pleasantly 
engaged till the 6th of October, when Sheridan began to withdraw 
his troops from the upper part of the Valley. Wells's Brigade 
formed the rear of the infantry column, but behind it came the 
cavalry, laying waste everything which could give sustenance to a 
hostile force. On the 11th a strong position was occupied and 
fortified in the rear of Ceder Creek, the Thirty-fourth being ]»osted 
near the Union left, between the ])ike and the Shenandoah river. 

A reconnaissance sent back the next day within view of Stras- 
burg failed to discover signs of the enemy in any considerable force, 



THE TIIIUTY-FOUliTII REGIMENT. 521 

lint the following noon the quiet camps -were startled by the opening 
of fire from a hostile battery on Hupp's Hill across the creek. The 
First and Third Brigades were at once ordered forward to drive back 
what was supposed to be a reconnoitering party, but were greeted 
with so heavy a fire as to show that the enemy were in a strong 
force. This fact being demonstrated, Colonel Thoburn, comnuuid- 
ing the division, ordered the two brigades back, but the aide, after 
delivering the order to the Third, had his horse shot and was taken 
prisoner. The two brigades being separated by a ridge, across 
which movements could not be observed. Colonel Wells's command 
remained in ignorance of what had taken place. Being in position 
behind a low stone-wall which gave but slight shelter, the Thirty- 
fourth on the right, it fought till it was nearly surrounded when the 
order to retreat was given, Colonel Wells having been mortally 
wounded. Such of the regiment as could escape the close pursuit 
regained the north side of the creek ; Early, having accomplished 
his purpose, retired to Fisher's Ilill, and the battle of Tom's Brook 
was ended. Of less than 250 taken into action, the Thirty-fourth 
had lost nine killed, 48 wounded, and 40 captured — a total of 07. 
Second Lieutenant Charles I. Woods of Petersham was killed, 
and Second Lieutenant James Dempsey of Worcester was fatally 
wounded, dying December 3. Lieutenant Ammidou had died while 
prisoner of war on the 1st of October. 

Thoburn's Division formed the left of the LTnion line on the 
morning of October 19, when the battle of Cedar Creek began. 
The enemy creeping around upon the flank, as the Eighth Corps 
had done at Fisher's Plill a month before, burst upon the sleeping 
camps in the darkness and fog without a musket shot to herald his 
approach. The First Brigade was the only one not utterly sur- 
prised ; forming instantly at their works the few thin regiments at- 
tempted a defense, but the foe in resistless number swept the brave 
fellows back. Colonel Thoburn being killed. Attempts were made 
to check the disaster by rallying such portions of the two shattered 
corps as it was possible to handle, but the advantage of the enemy 
was too great to be easily overcome, and it was not till the firm 
lines of the Sixth Corps in the rear of Middletown were encountered 
that the Confederates were finally checked. Then Sheridan reached 
the scene, the lately lu-oken Union lines began to surge forward, 
and that night the Thirty-fourth slept in the camp from which they 



522 MASSACHUSETTS IiV THE WAIL 

had been so unceremoniously hurried in the morning'. Their loss 
during the day had been nine wounded, two mortally, and 32 missing. 

After the battle they were detailed for provost duty at Newtown, 
where they were located till November 10, when the army retired 
to Kernstown and the regiment went to the crossing of the Opcquan, 
where its principal duty was the guarding of the railroad bridge 
and picketing the region round about. While there Lieutenant 
Colonel Lincoln reported to the commander of the army and was 
mustered as colonel of the regiment, but his wound being still 
troublesome he was ordered on detached service at Cumberland. 
Captain Potter received in rapid succession promotion to major and 
to lieutenant colonel, and Captain A. D. Pratt was made major. 
The brigade, after the death of Colonel Wells, was commanded by 
Lieutenant Colonel Wild of the One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio. 

Orders were received on the 17th of December for the entire 
First Division of the Army of West Virginia to join the Army of the 
James, then operating against Richmond, and though strong repre- 
sentations were made that the command could render better service 
on the ground with which it had become so familiar, the change was 
insisted upon and the Thirty-fourth as a portion of the division took 
cars at Stevenson's Depot on the 19th for Washington, reached that 
city next day and embarked on the steamer Massachusetts under 
sealed orders. Being driven by a severe storm into Cherry Stone 
Inlet, the Massachusetts and other transports waited two days, re- 
suming the voyage on the 23d and debarking the regiment at Aiken's 
Landing on the 25th. ]\Iarching to the extreme right of the invest- 
ing lines, the division joined General Ord's Twenty -fourth Corps, 
being known as the " Independent Division" and commanded by 
General John W. Turner. 

The life of the regiment at " Camp Holly," in comparison with the 
scenes through which it had been passing, was one of inaction, though 
there were serious disadvantages to be overcome to make the camp 
and the men comfortable. During January, 1865, Colonel Wild was 
succeeded in the command of the brigade by Lieutenant Colonel Pot- 
ter, Captain Leach taking command of the Thirty-fourth. On the 
18th of March General Ord in command of the Army of the James — 
General Gibbon commanding the Twenty-fourth Corps — directed the 
adoption of a heart as the corps l)adge,the Independent Division wear- 
ing the Avliile and the First and Third the red and blue respectively. 



THE TniRTT-FOUBTII REGIMENT. 523 

The active work of the regiment in the closing scenes of the re- 
bellion began on the 25th of the same month, when its division 
marched to the crossing of the Chickahominy to meet Cieneral 
Sheridan and his cavalry on their way from the Shenandoah Valley 
through the heart of Virginia. The commands arrived at the river 
almost simultaneously, greeted each other enthusiastically, and at 
once set out for the left of the investing lines below Petersburg. 
Marching to Deep Bottom on the 26th, the force crossed the James 
in the evening of the 2Tth and made an all-night march. One divis- 
ion each from the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-iifth Cor|)s now joined 
the Independent and the force was moved across Hatcher's Run and 
assigned a position on the right of the Second Corjts. All night of 
the 30th was spent in intrenching and sharp skirmishing began the 
next luoniing, ending in the advance of the brigade, driving out the 
enemy and occu])ying some of his works. In this engagement the 
loss of the Thirty-fourth was one man killed and 14 wountled. 

A strong picket line was pushed close to the enemy, the position 
gained was fortified, and the exhausted men slept till near day- 
Ijrcak, when they were aroused by a sharp attack from the Confeder- 
ates, which was quickly and effectually repulsed. Twenty-four hours 
later the regiment joined in the general assault upon the defenses 
of Petersburg, which in its immediate front were carried without 
serious resistance. Advancing some two miles, the division halted 
in front of Battery Gregg, a strong Confederate earth-work. At 
11 o'clock orders were given for the attack, Colonel Potter's 
Brigade forming the first line, and the advance was made under a 
terrific fire. A hundred yards from the fort the men dropped upon 
their hands and knees and crawled to the ditch, which was deep 
and held four feet of water. Into this the brave fellows plunged, 
through it they floundered, climbing to the face of the fort with the 
help of their bayonets. The resistance was desperate, and for 27 
minutes, according to the accounts of participants, the men hung 
upon the outer face, unalile to advance or to retreat. Then with a 
climb and a rush they went inside and the fight was ended. Cap- 
tain Goodrich of the Thirty-fourth and some of his men, trained in 
the school of Fort Lyon, turned the guns upon the neighboring in- 
trenchments, while the position gained was fortified and made secure 
to the Union arms. The loss of the regiment had I)een slight con- 
sidering the great exposure — being [\\q, men killed and o5 wounded. 



524 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Petersburg was evacuated that night, and the following morning 
the regiment joined in the pursuit of Lee's retreating battalions. 
The hrst day's march was to Sutherland, the next to Wilson's Sta- 
tion, and late at night of the 5th bivouac was made at Burkesville. 
The march of the 6th was to Rice's Station on the xVpjiomattox, 
where the enemy had been checked by an advance column from 
General Ord's command, and the Thirty-fourth had some skirmish- 
ing, losing three wounded. The march of the two days following- 
enabled Ord at night of the 8th to plant his force across the line of 
retreat of the Confederates, and when next morning Lieutenant 
General Gordon of Lee's army attempted to press back what he sup- 
posed to be a cavalry force in his front, he beheld the firm ranks of 
the Thirty -fourth and its fellow-regiments. The surrender of Lee's 
army followed, and the regiment remained in camp near the scene 
till the 12th, when it marched to Lynchburg, Lieutenant Colonel 
Potter being made provost marshal there and the Thirty -fourth 
being detailed for guard and patrol. The Confederate stores at 
that point having been destroyed, the regiment marched on the loth, 
reaching Burkesville on the 19th, stopped there three days and 
reached Manchester on the 24th, entering Richmond next day. 

The regiment camped on the north side of the city and about 
four miles from it, where Colonel Lincoln arrived next day with a 
large force of convalescents and exchanged ])risoners. He was as- 
signed to command the brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Potter re- 
turned to the regiment. In this camp the command remained, 
busied with the duties preparatory to its final muster out of the ser- . 
vice. The review of the corps by General Ord occurred on the 13th 
of June, when the bronze medals authorized by act of Congress were 
presented to such enlisted men as had especially distinguished them- 
selves, — two members of the Thirty-fourth being honored. The 
regiment was mustered out of the government service on the loth 
and started for home the following day, after transferring to the 
Twenty-fourth Massachusetts the recruits who still owed more than 
four months of service. Taking l)oat at Rockett's the regiment 
steamed to Baltimore, going thence by rail to New York. From the 
latter city steamer was taken for Providence and the following day 
the organization reported to General Pierce at Readville. The men 
were temporarily dismissed to their homes, but reconvened on the 
Gth of July for final payment and discharge. 



THE THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-fifth Regiment was the first organized nnder the 
call of Jnly, 18G2, and was composed partially of companies 
recruited in the towns of Eastern Massachusetts and organ- 
ized j)rior to their going into camp, and partially of companies con- 
solidated from the squads and detachments which gathered at Camp 
Stanton, Lynnfield. Recruiting for the prospective regiment began 
early in July at some of the Boston offices, but it was not till near 
the end of the month that the groups began to gather at the ren- 
dezvous, and from the 4th to the 8th of August five full companies 
— B, C, G, H and K — arrived. The various companies were mus- 
tered into the United States service by Lieutenant Elder of the regu- 
lar army from the 9th to the 19tli of the month, Enfield rifles of a 
somewhat inferior quality were issued on the 20th, and most of the 
officers liaving been commissioned, the regiment was ordered to set 
out for the front on the 22d, though undrilled and illy prepared for 
active campaigning. The original roster of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Edward A. Wild of Brookline; major, Sumner Carruth of 
Chelsea; surgeon, Francis M. Lincoln of Boston; assistant surgeons, 
George X. Munsell of Harwich and Albert W. Clark of Woburu; 
adjutant, Xathaniel Wales of Dorchester; quartermaster, Samuel W. 
Haines of Xewburyport; cha])lain, Henry H. F. Miller of Norton; 
sergeant major, Augustus Hatch; quartermaster sergeant, Albert F. 
Upton, Ijotli of Boston; commissary sergeant, Edwin X. Merrill of 
Haverhill: hospital steward, (Jeorge F. Wood of Plymouth; principal 
musician, Daniel Yining of Weymouth. 

Company A — Captain, Ste]ihen H. Andrews of Chelsea; first lieu- 
tenant, Elbridge G. Hood of Kahant ; second lieutenant, John B. 
Stickney of Lynn. 

Company B — Captain, Albert W. Bartlett; first lieutenant, Gamaliel 
Hodges; second lieutenant, Nathan W. Collins, all of Xewburyport. 

Company C — Captain, Tracy P. Cheever; first lieutenant, Clifton A. 
Blaiichard; second lieutenant, Franklin B. Mirick, all of Chelsea. 



526 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company D — Captain, Dennis A. Dolan; first lieutenant, James H. 
Baldwin, both of Boston; second lieutenant, John W. Hudson of 
Lexington. 

Company E — Captain, Horace Niles; first lieutenant. William Pal- 
mer; second lieutenant, J. Wilson Ingell, all of Randolph. 

Company r — Captain. Samuel C. Oliver of Salem; first lieutenant, 
Daniel J. Preston of Danvers; second lieutenant, Charles F. Williams, 
Jr., of Salem. 

Company G — Captain, William Gibson of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Frederick D. Brooks of Haverhill; second lieutenant, William Wash- 
burn, Jr., of Boston. 

Company H — Captain, Benjamin F. Pratt; first lieutenant, George 
P. Lyon; second lieutenant, Oliver Burrell, all of Weymouth. 

Company I — Captain, Sidney Wlllard of Boston; first lieutenant, 
John Lathrop; second lieutenant, William Hill, both of Dedham. 

Company K — Captain, William S. King; first lieutenant, Edward 
G. Park; second lieutenant, Edward Blake, Jr., all of Roxbury. 

A considerable proportion of these officers had already seen ser- 
vice, Colonel Wild and Major Carruth as captains in the First Mas- 
sachusetts, and Adjutant Wales in the Twenty-fourth ; of the line 
officers a dozen had served elsewhere, principally in the earlier Mas- 
sachusetts regiments, but with these exceptions the command was 
almost entirely made up of those whose amlntion for military re- 
nown was untempered by knowledge. No lieutenant colonel had 
as yet been commissioned. 

The command, 1,013 strong, took cai's for Boston early in the 
afternoon of Friday, the 22d of August, marched through some of 
the main streets of that city to the State House, enthusiastically 
greeted along the way, received a blue flag with the national arms 
and the white flag of the State with the Massachusetts arms, and 
with no formal words of adieu continued the march to the Old 
Colony Railroad station, taking cars for Fall River. Going thence 
by the steamer Bay State to Jersey City and resuming cars, the 
regiment reached Philadelphia at evening and received the hearty 
welcome and re])ast which that city gave to all passing soldiers. 
Learning that some saloons in the vicinity of the Cooper Shop 
were plying his- soldiers with Tupior, Colonel W^ild ordered the pro- 
prietors to cease, and jilaccd guards at the doors, but finding that 
some of them violated his orders sent out a detail to empty the 
li(pior of the offending jjarties, which was vigorously done notwith- 
standing the i)rotests of the city roughs and of the police, whose writs 
of arrest Colonel Wild declined to recoii'nize. At 9 o'clock the 



THE TIIIRTY-FIFTTI BEGIMENT. 527 

journey was resumed, Baltimore was reached early Sunday morn- 
ing, and a halt ensued for breakfast, after which the trip to "Washing- 
ton was completed in rough box cars. Late in the afternoon the 
regiment in column of platoons marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, 
past the White House, crossed the Potomac by the Aqueduct Bridge 
at Georgetown, and took the road to Hunter's Chapel, bivouacking 
in a field for the night. 

Tents were pitched next day and a camp established called Camp 
Cnsey. Some cartridges were distributed and the men instructed 
in loading their pieces, which not a few of them had never done be- 
fore. Next day the regiment was assigned to General "Whipple's 
Brigade, moving its camp about half a mile inside the line of fortifi- 
cations and near Fort Craig, the location being designated as Camp 
White. Here followed a few days of camp duty, drill, guard duty 
and night alarms, all of them experiences which the men of the 
Thirty-fifth sadly needed. On the 30th the regiment was transferred 
to Van Volkenburg's l^rigade. Early in September Major Carruth 
was ])romoted to lieutenant colonel and Captain "Willard to major. 

With this very inadequate preparation, the Thirty-fifth were on 
the 6th of September ordered to the Army of the Potomac and at 
once set out to join the Ninth Corps, then in Maryland and moving 
northward. Leaving camp late in the afternoon they marched 
through Washington by way of the Long Bridge, passed out into 
the country, and marched till long past midnight, Avhcn the column 
halted, the exhausted soldiers being scattered for miles along the 
road. Marching only a few miles the next day, Colonel Wild halted 
for the stragglers to come up, after which he gave his command de- 
tailed instructions as to their duties on the march, on the field and 
in action. A march of a mile on the 8th took the regiment to its 
brigade, the Second of the Second Division, Ninth Corps. General 
Reno commanded the corps. General Sturgis the division, and the 
brigade, which consisted in addition to the Thirty -fifth of the 
Twenty-first Massachusetts, Fifty-first New York and Fifty-first 
Pennsylvania, was commanded by Colonel Edward Ferrero. 

The day following a march of 12 miles was made to Brookville, 
followed liy a day's rest, and on the 11th and 12th the right wing 
of the army, the First and Ninth Corps, making a detour to the 
right, reached Frederick, beyond which the Union cavalry was 
alrcadv skirmishing with the retiring encmv. Near nightfall of the 



528 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

« 

13th the order to advance was received and late into the night the 
Tveary men clambered over Catoctin mountain, descending into the 
valley near Middletown where a halt was ordered. Until 2 o'clock 
in the afternoon they lounged idly about the bivouac looking curiously 
at the blue slopes of South Mountain to the west and little dreaming 
of the stern conflict its rough bights held for them. 

Suddenly came the order to "fall in" and away went the brigade 
across the fields, fording streams over which the bridges had been 
destroyed, stopping now to load their guns, then forward at the 
double quick past Union batteries near the foot of the mountain, 
hurling shot and shell savagely up the slopes, while the fierce mus- 
ketry fire above could be heard. The men of the Thirty-fifth halted 
to throw off their knapsacks, which they never saw again, fixed 
bayonets, and then went scrambling up the hill through the thick 
woods, around rocks and over fallen trees until a cross road was 
reached, where the dead and wounded, friend and foe, were lying. 
Forming line along the road which led over the crest of the hill, 
the regiment advanced into the forest in front, the men forcing 
their way through the tangled undergrowth for some distance, l)ut 
finding no signs of the enemy, returned to the little field where the 
rest of the brigade had been left in line of battle. There the scat- 
tered regiment was collected and formed, but before its line was 
completed, just at dusk, a fierce musket fire broke from the forest 
through which the command had recently charged, killing or wound- 
ing a number of the Thirty-fifth, among the rest Colonel Wild, who 
lost an arm. It was at this time that General Reno was killed. 
Some of the men returned the fire, but this was quickly checked and 
the brigade moved back out of range into a convenient piece of 
woods. The enemy did not follow, contenting themselves with 
maintaining a scattering fire for a time, and the morning showed 
that they had retreated to the Confedci'ate nuiin body. The loss of 
the regiment at this time was Lieutenant Williams mortally wounded, 
five men killed and nearly 20 wounded. Colonel Wild, whose left 
arm was amputated at the shoulder, was incapacitated for further 
service with the regiment, though afterward commissioned brigadier 
general and serving his country faithfully. 

The regiment remained on the scene of action until 2 o'clock the 
next afternoon when, General Cox having taken temporary command 
of the corps, the march was resumed and that evening the banks of 



THE THIRTY-FIFril REGIMENT. 529 

the Antietam were reached. Halting' lirst at the right, the brigade 
was then moved to the left of the Union position, bivouacking in a 
corn field, where it remained all night and the following day. At 
sunset it took position near what was afterward known as " IJurn- 
side's Bridge." Early in the morning the roar of battle was heard 
from the right, but it was not till 10 o'clock that the regiment Avas 
ordered under arms, moving still nearer to the bridge. Repeated 
efforts to secure the crossing had failed and about noon Colonel Fer- 
rero was ordered to force a passage, the plan being for the three 
older regiments to seize and hold the bridge, while the Thirty -fifth 
charged across and advanced up the hill in line of battle to clear 
away the enemy in the vicinity. Company A was detached and 
joined the Twenty-first Regiment, which was firing across the river, 
while the others, as soon as the Fifty-first Pennsylvania followed 
by the Fifty-first New York had obtained i)OSsession of the bridge, 
.dashed across, filed into the road to the right on the opposite bank, 
halted for a moment and then swept up the steep slope to the crest 
of the hill, moving some distance by the right flank to the most 
commanding position in the vicinity. Here a severe artillery fire 
was encountered, and as no supports came, Lieutenant Colonel Car- 
ruth ordered the regiment back under cover of the crest, the move- 
ment being made under fire from Union batteries that mistook the 
maneuver for a Confederate advance. There the regiment remained 
for sonic hours while the I'nion troops moved i)ast to the front, en- 
countered the enemy's reinforcements, were broken and driven back. 
Finally it became necessary to interjjose some force to prevent the 
enemy from falling upon the broken commands striving to retreat 
across the bridge, and General Cox, seeing the firm line of the 
Thirty-fifth, ordered the regiment sent over the hill. 

Moving some distance by the left flank, the command faced to the 
front with a cheer and at the double-quick went over the hill and 
down the slope into the valley beyond. Reaching a rail fence, the 
line halted and opened fire upon the advancing enemy. Plostile 
batteries crowned the hills above, and at once turned their fire 
uj)on the Thirty-fifth. Shot, shell and bullets swept like a hurricane 
through and over the exposed regiment, the longer lines of the enemy 
giving them a cross-fire, and men were constantly falling; but the 
brave fellows bent their energies to loading and firing as rapidly as 
possible, little Reeding the thinning of their line, and expecting rein- 



530 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

forcements, or the order to retire. Lieutenant Colonel Carruth was 
shot throui;h the neck and carried from the held. Captain King suc- 
ceeded to the command and walking along the line encouraged the 
men till he was wounded in seven places and carried to the rear. 
The last cartridge had been fired, the boxes of the dead and wounded 
had been emptied ; only two captains and half a dozen lieutenants 
remained unhurt ; Captain Bartlett was killed ; Captain Niles and 
Lieutenant Palmer were mortally wounded. Not a field or staff 
officer was left on duty, except Adjutant Wales, who had been hit 
but not disabled, and reluctantly the order was whispered along the 
line to fall back over the hill as rapidly as possible. This was done, 
and as the fragments of the regiment gathered it was seen how 
terrible had been the loss: 69;had been killed, 150 wounded, and 
some were missing; there were not 300 for duty, of the 1,000 who 
had left camp in Massachusetts less than a month before. 

Behind the hills on the west side of the Antietam the regiment 
remained that night and the following day till evening, when it re- 
crossed the stream, stopped for one night and then, as the enemy 
had retreated, recrossed the bridge, passed over the battle-field 
and moved a few miles to the southward, near the Iron Works, 
where it rested for a week. For a day or two it was commanded 
by Captain Wright of the Fifty-first New York ; then Captain An- 
drews of the Thirty-fifth took charge, and on the 21st Major Wil- 
lard, who had been detailed to secure and forward the camp equi- 
page left on Arlington Ilights, returned to the regiment. On the 
2Gth the Antietam was crossed to more favorable camping grounds, 
where, on the od of October, the cori)S was reviewed by President 
Lincoln, General McClellan and other officers. Camp Avas l)roken 
again on the 7th, the regiment climbing the mountains and encamp- 
ing in Pleasant Valley a few miles from Harper's Ferry. A few 
days later the Eleventh New Hampshire joined the brigade. Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Carruth returned on the 13th, the slightly wounded 
and convalescent came back gradually, much attention was given 
to drill and discipline, and the regiment gradually grew again into 
an efficient body. 

Orders for the march into Virginia came on the 27th. The 
Potomac was crossed at ]3erlin, the l)rigadc being among the first to 
return to the Virginia side, pushing its way along to Wheatland, 
where a halt of a few days was made. Then on the east side of 



THE THIBTY-FIFTU BEGIMENT. 531 

the Blue Ridge the column moved slowly until the 8th of November 
found the regiment near Thornton's Gap. A heavy snow storm on 
the 7th, with severe cold, was followed by superabundant mud and 
very short rations, and in the midst of these physical discomforts 
came the news that General McClellan had been removed from the 
command of the Army of the Potomac and was succeeded by Gen- 
eral Burnside. 

From this point the brigade crossed the Rappahannock at Mill- 
ville, the Thirty -fifth and the Fifty-first Pennsylvania being sent to 
Amissville, where they found themselves quite near the enemy's 
outposts. Some skirmishing ensued and on the night of the 11th 
after midnight the brigade recrossed the river just in time to escape 
surprise by Stuart's cavalry. A day or two later. the lieutenant 
colonel and adjutant of the regiment visited a house on the south 
side of the stream in search of food and were captured by a scout- 
ing party of the enemy. As soon as the fact became known, the 
Thirty-fifth crossed the river and skirmished over the region of the 
exploit but found no trace of their missing commander or his cap- 
tors. The Ninth Corps began to move down the river on the morn- 
ing of November 15, the Thirty-fifth being in the rear, and as the 
column passed an exposed point in sight of the enemy, the latter 
o))cncd fire upon it with artillery, which provoked a response in kind. 
The Thirty-fifth were detached to support the Union batteries, and 
were posted on picket that night at Lawson's Ford. Next day the 
brigade was rejoined at Fayettevillc, the march continued to War- 
renton Junction and thence to Falmouth which was reached on the 
19th, the brigade encamping near the Phillips House where it passed 
Thanksgiving day, the 27th, and with one or two changes of position 
remained till the 4th of December. The regiment was then ordered 
some three miles down the river to support a battery, Avhere it re- 
mained until the opening of the battle of Fredericksburg, when, 
numbering 370 all told, it was roused at 3 o'clock on the morning 
of the 11th of December with orders to rejoin the brigade. 

This done it awaited the completion of the bridges opjiosite the 
city, and as these were delayed by the oi)i)Osition of the rebels, and 
a crossing in force was postponed till next day, the Thirty-fifth were 
about dusk ordered back to the battery. Plodding through the 
mud, the position was reached and arms were stacked, when another 
order was received to rejoin the brigade. This time it was found 



532 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

with difficulty, owing to the changes that had been made, but no 
sooner was it reached than the order was repeated to return to the 
battery. Back the weary fellows went, dropped in the mud near 
the great guns, and passed the few remaining hours of the night. 
In the morning the command marched by the river road to the 
upper bridges and rejoined the brigade, lying on the bank just above 
sheltered from the enemy's artillery till morning of the 13th, moving 
occasionally a little distance at a time, through the city toward the 
railroad track. One o'clock signaled its call to duty. Ferrero's 
brigade was ordered into action and at the word Major Willard, the 
regiment's commander and the impersonation of soldierly qualities, 
led the line against the enemy. The movement was greeted by a 
severe fire from the Confederate artillery and infantry, and the 
major was among the first to fall. The regiment kept on its way 
past a little cottage which broke its formation, and beyond it to a 
slight ridge, affording partial protection from the hostile fire. There 
the rest of the brigade were found and the Thirty-fifth joined them, 
opening fire upon the enemy's works a few hundred yards in front. 
They were opposite the south end of Marye's Hill forming the left 
of that part of the Federal line, so that in addition to the fire from 
the front, they were exposed to artillery on the flank. 

Firing steadily for an hour the command exhausted its ammuni- 
tion and drew back from the ridge giving place to other troops which 
had come up in the rear, and after dark Captain Andrews led the 
regiment back toward the river. It had lost 10 killed and some 60 
wounded, among the former being Major Willard and First Lieu- 
tenant William Hill. Resting until dusk on the 14th, the brigade 
then received orders to fall in, marched through the city, as before, 
to the railroad station and again took position along the fatal ridge. 
There it remained for 28 hours, behind a little intrenchmcnt thrown 
up in the darkness, exposed to the fire of Southern sharp-shooters 
to which the men were not allowed to reply. Finally, al)()ut mid- 
night of the 15th, it quietly withdrew, recrossed the river and 
marched back to its old camp behind the l)attery, where the men 
slept the sleep of exhaustion. 

The regiment parted company with the battery on the morning 
of the 17th and went into permanent camp with the brigade near 
the Phillips House. There it remained through the month of Jan- 
uary, having no part in the "Mud March," as its camp was in view 



THE THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 533 

of the Confederates on the opposite hights. Wlicn General Hooker 
took command of the army, General Sedgwick was for a few days 
assigned to the command of the Ninth Corps, being very soon suc- 
ceeded by General W. F. Smith, and he in turn relieved in Fel)ruary 
by General Parke. On the 9th of February the regiment went to 
Acquia Creek, where it boarded the steamer Louisiana, which with 
two schooners in tow moved the brigade to Newport News, outside 
the intrenchments of which camp was made in brigade line. There 
the regiment remained for six weeks, during which time Lieutenant 
Colonel Carruth and Adjutant Wales, having been exchanged, re- 
turned, the former taking command, and Captain King was com- 
missioned major. 

Orders came on the 25th of March for two divisions of the corps 
to join their former commander, General Burnside, then command- 
ing the Department of the Ohio, and on the 26th the regiment on 
the steamer John Brooks sailed up Chesapeake Bay. Landing at 
Baltimore, cars were taken by way of Harrisburg, Pittsburg, Colum- 
bus and Cincinnati to Covington, Ky., which was reached on the 
30th. The Second Division being ordered to duty in Eastern Ken- 
tucky, went by rail A])ril 1 to Paris, and two days later marched to 
]\Iount Sterling, 22 miles distant. There the regiment stopped some 
two weeks, during which time IMajor King, returning from a visit 
to Boston, brought a national Hag — the Stars and Stripes, — pre- 
sented by Colonel Wild. The regiment marched to Winchester on 
the 17th of April, where it remained for two weeks. Colonel Wild 
having been promoted to brigadier general. Lieutenant Colonel Car- 
ruth was commissioned colonel, and many other changes occurred 
in the roster of officers. Colonel Hartranft of the Fifty-first Penn- 
sylvania commanded the brigade. From the 4th to the 10th of May 
the regiment marched daily some 15 miles, encamping finally at 
Lancaster on the Kentucky river. The brigade marched to Crab 
Orchard on the 23d and thence to Stanford, a dozen miles further, 
"where troops were being concentrated for an advance into Eastern 
Tennessee. While there a slave auction was witnessed, a strange 
and shocking spectacle to the men of j\rassachusetts. General Fer- 
rero now resumed command of the brigade, and on the 3d of June, 
while the regiment was on battalion drill, it received orders to 
"Pack up and fall in, immediately !" to march for the reinforce- 
ment of General Grant at A'icksbur";. It marched directlv, reachino: 



534 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Nicholasville the next afternoon, having' made 34 miles in 22 hours. 
Cars were there taken for Cincinnati, thence through Indiana to 
Cairo, where the two divisions under General Parke were packed 
upon 11 steamers and started down the river. iSherman's Landing 
below Young's Point was reached on the 14th, where the troops dis- 
embarked on the western bank of the Mississip])i, marched south- 
ward through the swamps to a point below Vicksburg, and some 
had already embarked to cross the river when orders were received 
to return to Sherman's Landing. The force had been assigned to 
General Sherman's command, the left wing of Grant's army, which 
was facing to the rear to guard against the force under Confederate 
General J. E. Johnston, who was seeking to raise the siege of Yicks- 
burg. Landing at Haines Bluff and proceeding some five miles 
inland to Milldale, the regiment went into camp. 

On the 29th the shifting of the lines moved the Thirty-fifth to 
Rock Ridge, some eight miles southeast, where they remained till 
the surrender of Vicksl»urg on the 4th of July. Simultaneously with 
the news of that event came orders to General Sherman to advance 
eastward against Johnston, and at 6 o'clock the column was under 
way. It waited fm- two days at Birdsong Ferry on the Big Black 
river while a bridge was being constructed, but on the afternoon of 
the 7th the river was crossed and the men marched during the 
afternoon and night through a most terrific thunder storm. Second 
Lieutenant Massena B. Hawes of Stoughton, acting quartermaster, 
was killed by a falling bough while sitting in a wagon. The storm 
soon rendered the roads impassable to artillery, but about noon of 
the following day the march was taken up-, the infantry plodding 
through cornfields and by-roads until evening of the 10th found 
them in line of battle north of Jackson, to which city General John- 
ston had retreated. The Federal army maneuvered for position next 
morning, })ressing close to the Confederate lines. The day was in- 
tensely hot and many were sun-struck, Colonel Carruth, among 
others, being taken to the hospital. Lieutenant Colonel Mitchell of 
the Fifty-first New York took command of the regiment. Until 
the 17th much of the time of the command was passed on the skir- 
mish line. At dawn of that day the rumor was circulated that the 
city was being evacuated. The regiment was at once ordered to 
rally and advance into the city, which it did without opposition 
and its colors were unfurled on the State House, Adjutant Wales 



THE TIIIIiTY-FIFril REGIMENT. 5;J5 

hanlinir down the Confederate flag which had been left flying. More 
than 150 of the enemy were captured by the Thirty-fifth while try- 
ing to make their escape. The loss in the regiment during the siege 
had been two killed and eight w^ounded. 

The mission of the Ninth Corps to Mississippi having been ac- 
comjjlishcd, it retraced its steps toward Vicksbiirg by forced 
marches, the Thirty-tilth reaching their old camp at Milldale on the 
23d, where they waited until the 6th of August for transportation 
back to Kentucky. During this time there was much suffering from 
malarial fevers. Taking the steamer Planter, the brigade reached 
Cairo on the 12th, took cars to Cincinnati, crossed the river to Cov- 
ington and went into camj) on the 15th. After two or three days' 
] est the regiment was selected to accompany a large wagon train to 
Hickman's Bridge, marching incessantly for a week, passing through 
Lexington toNicholasvillo and going into camp a few miles beyond. 
Adjutant Wales, who had been commissioned major, noAV took com- 
mand of the regiuient. The new quarters were christened " Camp 
Parke," and while there the regiment was visited by Colonel Car- 
ruth, who was presented with an elegant sword and belt, but was 
still too ill to return to duty. Lieutenant Colonel King, on detached 
service at Lexington, also visited the command. 

The corps was ordered on the 7th of September to join General 
r)urnside in Tennessee, but on General Griffin, who commanded the 
division, reporting that he had not over 2,000 men (it for duty, as 
a result of recent campaigns, the regiments were distributed at dif- 
ferent points in Kentucky for further recuperation, — the Thirty-fifth 
going to Crab Orchard, where it went into camp on the 11th, on the 
15th moved to the fair grounds, and on the 30th, with the Fifty-first 
Pennsylvania, set out over the mountains southward, the men carry- 
ing eight days' rations. Major Wales being absent the regiment, 
consisting of about 150 all told, was commanded by Captain Blan- 
chard. Camp was made near Loudon on the 5th of October where 
the command rested till the 10th, marching on the three days follow- 
ing to the Fords of the Cumberland. On the morning of the 10th the 
suburbs of Knoxville were reached, after a march of 140 miles over 
the roughest of roads, a snow-storm being encountered on the way. 

The regiment entered the city on the evening of the 22d, and 
waited about the station till the next afternoon, when, in box cars 
and throudi a driving rain storm, it moved slowly down to the 



536 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Tennessee river opposite Loudon, to meet and retard the advance 
of Longstreet upon Knoxville. On the 24th it fell back some six 
miles to Lenoir's Station where for three weeks it awaited the 
enemy. Very early on the 15tli of November the brigade was ad- 
vanced again to Loudon, the division being so disposed as to cover 
the concentration of Burnside's forces near Knoxville. Constant 
skirmishing and maneuvering followed till the morning of the ITth 
when the dispositions at Knoxville were completed and the column 
entered the city, the regiment having lost several slightly wounded. 
The division took position facing nearly northward between First 
Creek and Second Creek, the Thirty-fifth on the right next the mill 
on First Creek. The position was quickly and strongly intrenched, 
a great part of the work being done by citizens and especially by 
the negroes, while the weary soldiers rested and prepared to resist 
the siege operations of Longstreet, which had already begun. The 
siege lasted till the 4th of December, but though the Thirty-fifth 
were almost constantly on duty they were not severely engaged. On 
the 24th of November and again on the 29th the command assisted 
in driving the enemy back from the Union skirmish line, losing two 
or three killed and captured. The brigade marched four miles on 
the Cumberland Gap road on the morning of the 5th of December, 
finding no enemy, and on the 7th the Ninth Corps, watli part of the 
Twenty-third, started in pursuit of Longstreet. They halted on the 
9th near Rutledge, having marched 33 miles, and watched Long- 
street's troops a few miles ahead. After a few days the regiment 
fell back six miles to Blain's Cross Roads where a camp was laid 
out and the men received their knapsacks and baggage, which were 
much needed. 

The camp was occupied till the middle of January, 1864. During 
much of the time rations were very short, corn in the ear being 
issued and considered a luxury. Very many were bare-footed, but 
after the ground was covered with snow moccasins were made by 
the men from single pieces of green hide, no o'ther foot-wear being 
obtainable. Marching orders were received on the 16th of January 
and the troops began to concentrate toward Knoxville, which Long- 
street was again threatening. At this time the Second Division 
consisted of only three regiments, the others having re-enlisted and 
gone home on furlough. Passing through Knoxville on the 24th, 
the regiment went into camp five miles south on a pleasant slope 



TUE THIHTY-FIFTII i: EG IMF XT. 537 

where with the exception of sliort i-atious, which marked the entire 
service in Tennessee, its situation in-oved very satisfactory. Puring 
the entire winter the health of the command was exceptionally good, 
notwithstanding manifold hardships. 

Camp was moved nearer to the city on the 15th of February, on 
the 22d Colonel Carruth reported for service, taking command of 
the brigade, and on the 24th a march was begun toward Morris- 
town, which had been General Longstreet's head-quarters during the 
winter. In that vicinity the regiment remained until the 17th of 
j\Iarch, when the remnants of the Ninth Corps bade adieu to their 
comrades of the Fourth and Twenty-third Corps, and in 11 days 
marched 170 miles over the rough and muddy mountain roads to 
Covington. From Cincinnati, on the afternoon of April 1, cars 
were taken to Kaltimore, the regiment going thence to Annapolis 
by steamer, and on the 8tli encamping two miles from the town 
where the Ninth Corps was being reorganized under its old com- 
mander. General Burnside. 

The Thirty-fifth now became a part of the First Brigade, First 
Division, the other regiments being the Fifth-sixth, Fifty-seventh 
and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts Veterans, tlie Fourth and Tenth 
United States Regulars. Major Wales commanded the regiment. 
Colonel Carruth the brigade and Geneml T. G. Stevenson the divis- 
ion. Camp was broken on the 23d, the corps marching to Wash- 
ington, passing through the city and over Long Bridge, to Alexan- 
dria, which it left on the 27th, marching by way of Fairfax Court 
House and Bristoe to Bealton Station, Avhich was reached on the 
30th. There a halt was made till the morning of May 4 when the 
march to the Wilderness by way of Ely's Ford on the Bapidan be- 
gan. The regiment was detailed on the 5th to guard the supply 
train of the division and thus was not engaged in the opening bat- 
tles of Grant's campaign. Major Wales, having resigned, returned 
to Massachusetts with the body of General Stevenson, killed at 
Spottsylvania, and Captain Blanchard commanded the regiment 
until the loth, when Captain Park returned from detached service 
in Kentucky and took command. 

The regiment was returned to its brigade on the 17th, finding it 
under command of General J. H. Ledlie, Colonel Carruth having 
gone to the hospital. It had ])art in the disastrous attack of the 
Union army on the Confederate intrenchments the following day. 



53S MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

losing five men killed and 17 wounded. On the lOtli the division 
was moved to the left and the regiment as skirmishers located the 
position of the enemy. Then followed the movement to the North 
Anna, wliere on the 2oth the First Brigade forded the river and 
with the Thirty-fifth as skirmishers at once began the attack. In 
the stubborn fight which followed the regiment lost six wounded 
and eight captured. 

The command was detailed next day as engineer corps for the 
division, an honorable selection but one which involved double duty, 
since, although placed under the orders of Major Morton, chief 
engineer of the corps, it was not relieved from duty as a part of the 
First Brigade. The march to the Pamunkey began on the 26th, 
each man delivering his knapsack to the wagons and carrying in- 
stead a pick, a shovel or an ax. Reaching Hawes's Sho}),tlie newly- 
made engineers began duty by building a line of intrenchmcuts.but 
before they were completed the army had advanced beyond them so 
that the labor was thrown away. For two weeks, during the opera- 
tions about Cold Harbor, the regiment was incessantly on duty 
constructing works of every kind, often under fire, and having 
several men wounded. 

The movement to Petersburg began on the 12th, and late in 
the afternoon of the 16th 'a halt was made within two miles of 
the city. General Ledlie had now taken command of the division 
and in the fighting of the next day Major Mort(jn commanding the 
engineers was killed. That night the regiment began changing the 
faces of the cai)tured Confederate works, and thenceforth in build- 
ing bridges, cutting roads, erecting forts, rifle jjits, limettes, burying 
the dead and like duties of infinite variety, the long months of that 
terrible summer passed. During this time considerable numbers of 
recruits were received and the loss of the regiment went steadily on, 
much of the work having to be done under fire from the Confederate 
sharp-shooters. On the 1st of July the Thirty-fifth again lost their 
commanding officer, Captain Park, who received a Avound in the 
arm, apparently not serious, but which, from his enfeebled condition, 
caused his death at his Roxbury home six weeks later, after he had, 
at the special request of General Burnside, received a commission 
as major. Captain Blanchard succeeded him and on the 23d of 
July General Bartlett, ])romoted from colonel of the Fifty-seventh 
Rejriment, took command of the brigade. 



THE THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 539 

At the explosion of the mine on the 30th of July, the regiment 
followed its brigade and immediately began changing the fortifica- 
tions about the crater to face in the other direction. Scarcely had 
the work begun when Captain Blanchard was wounded in the 
shoulder and disabled. The officer next in rank, Lieutenant Hatch, 
had been shot through both legs previously, and the next. First 
Lieutenant Samuel G. Berry of Lynn, was killed. Three officers 
only remained and under their direction the men worked with 
desi)eration until the wounded and stragglers accumulated in such 
numljcrs that it was impossible to do more. Then the order was 
given to retire and a few at a time succeeded in running back to 
the shelter of the Federal lines. Of 160 taken into action, 12 had 
been killed and 34 wounded. Captain Ingell took command of what 
were left of the Thirty-fifth. He was soon obliged to go to the 
hospital for treatment of a former wound and Lieutenant Farrington 
succeeded temporarily to the command. On the 1st of August, 
under flag of truce, the regiment assisted in burying the dead lying 
between the lines and then the old routine of duty was resumed. 

The regiment rejoined its brigade during the night of August 14, 
and marched some four miles to the left, relieving some troops of the 
Fifth Corps. Captain Ingell left the hospital, where on account of 
his Avound he had been selected for transfer to the Veteran Reserve 
Corps, to take command of the Thirty-fifth. On the 18th, the Fifth 
Corps moved to the left, striking the Weldon Railroad, and the Ninth 
Corps was ordered into the gap between the Fifth Corjts and the 
established line. The movement was made on the 19th and as the 
brigade went forward to its position the fighting had already begun. 
The Thirty-fifth were just in time to encounter Colquitt's Brigade 
of Mahonc's Division which was charging through the woods upon 
the flank of the Union lines. The regiment opened a well-directed 
fire and fouglit steadily for half an hour when the enemy fell back, 
leaving their dead and wounded and many prisoners, two men of the 
Thirty-iifth capturing and taking to tlie rear 13. The regiment 
never did better service than during that trying half-hour, but the 
cost was great. Captain Ingell and First Lieutenant Austin J. 
"White of Chelsea were mortally wounded, five enlisted men were 
killed, 25 wounded and five taken prisoners. The close of the 
action left the regiment with two officers and al)out 100 men for 
duty. These few assisted in intrenching and holding the new line. 



540 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

They were relieved from engineer duty about the 1st of Septem- 
ber, when a reorganization of the corps took place. The Thirty-fifth 
were assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, its fellow- 
regiments of the brigade being the Twenty-first, Thirty-sixth and 
Fifty-eighth Massachusetts, Fourth and Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty- 
first New York, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. General 
Curtin commanded the brigade and General Potter the division. 
The detached officers returned to the regiment, Captain Hudson, 
commissioned major, taking command, and there also came as re- 
cruits 385 German and French substitutes fresh from Europe and 
unable to speak a word of English. These were distributed among 
the different companies and great efforts made to teach them their 
duty and the elements of the English language. On the 25th 
another movement to the left took place in co-operation with Gen- 
eral Butler's assault on the right, and on the 30th the regiment 
marched westward to Peebles Farm. There it formed the extreme 
left and was still moving forward when fire was opened upon it 
from front, left and rear simultaneously. Composed as the com- 
mand was, resistance was out of the question. Those who could 
do so escaped, formed a new line and attempted to make a stand, 
but in a few moments were again almost surrounded and fell back 
in detached fragments as best they could. Ten were known to be 
killed and some 15 were wounded while 163 were missing, most of 
whom were captured. 

A permanent ])osition was taken on the 2d of October at the ]ioint 
where Forts Welch and Fisher were afterward built, and with the 
exception of one or two expeditions to the left, the regiment re- 
mained there nearly two months. During that time the Thirty-ninth 
New Jersey and One Hundred and Seventy-ninth New York were 
added to the brigade. After a quite elaborate celebration of Thanks- 
giving day on the 26th of November, the regiment moved back to 
the right, taking position in the rear of Fort Sedgwick, Avhere with 
light duty the rest of the year was passed. Major Hudson was 
commissioned lieutenant colonel in January, 1865, Captain Mirick 
becoming major. The regiment relieved the Forty-eighth Pennsyl- 
vania as part of the garrison of Fort Sedgwick on the 7th of IMarch, 
and this unenviable position under heavy fire day and night was 
maintained till the fall of Petersburg, with only a few casualties 
from the hundreds of shells thrown into the fort durins: that time. 



THE TIIUiTY-FIFTU REGIMENT. 541 

Early in the morning of April 2, the Ninth Corps charged the 
works in their front, made a lodgment and held on valiantly. The 
Thirty-fifth, nominally remaining as garrison of Fort Sedgwick, 
were really occupied during the day in carrying ammunition across 
to their comrades who Avere stoutly resisting the efforts of the Con- 
federates to drive them back, and in this work lost three killed and 
nine wounded. The next day Petersburg was found to have been 
evacuated and the regiment at once joined in the pursuit of Lee's 
army. Burkesville was reached late at night on the 6th and Farm- 
ville on the 10th, where the news of Lee's surrender was received. 
The command remained there for ten days when the return march 
began. Petersburg was reached on the 23d and on the 26th steamer 
was taken at City Point for Alexandria, the regiment going into 
camp near Fort Lyon on the 29th as a part of General Parke's gar- 
rison of the District of Columbia. On the 22d of May they crossed 
the river into Washington and the following day took part in the 
review of the Army of the Potomac, Colonel Carruth commanding 
the brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Hudson the regiment of 318 
muskets. About 250 recruits with 11 officers were transferred to 
the 29th ]\Iassachusetts Regiment on the 9th of June and the Thirty- 
fifth were mustered out of the national service. The next day, 
in company with the Seventh Rhode Island, they set out for home, 
going l)y rail to New York and steamer to Providence, where they 
took part in the reception of the Seventh on the morning of the 
13th, thence by rail to Readville, where on the 27th the men were 
paid off and discharged. 



THE THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-sixth Regiment was formed at Camp John E. Wool 
on the Agricultural fair-grounds at Worcester, and was com- 
posed principally of Worcester county men, with some de- 
tachments from neighboring localities. Captain T. L. Barker of 
Fitchburg brought into camp the first considerable quota for the new 
regiment, on the 1st of August, 1862, the Thirty -fourth being then 
practically filled, and from that time the organizing was rapidly car- 
ried forward. Company B was an exception in regard to locality, 
having been formed at Charlestown and intended as a iiank com- 
pany for the Thirty-fourth ; but permission to attach to that organi- 
zation not being secured it formed apart of the Thirty-sixth. With 
the exception of G, H and K, the companies were made up from 
single or adjacent towns, the three named being composed of the 
various smaller detachments reporting to the rendezvous. The 
muster of the enlisted men was completed on the 27th of August, 
and the officers, who had been commissioned at various dates in 
July and August, but mostly on the 22d of the latter month, were 
mustered into the United States service on the 2d of September, 
when the regiment was under orders for immediate departure to the 
seat of war. The colonelcy had been tendered to Lieutenant Colonel 
John W. Kimball of the Fifteenth, but it was not deemed best at 
that time to separate him from the latter organization, and the ros- 
ter of officers of the Thirty-sixth was made up as follows : — 

Colonel, Henry Bowman of Clinton; lieutenant colonel, John B. 
Norton of Charlestown; major, James H. Barker of Milford; surgeon, 
James P. Prince of Lynn; assistant surgeons, Warren Tyler of North 
Brooklield and Albert H. Bryant of Natick; chaplain, Charles T. 
Canfield; quartermaster, Francis B. Rice, botJi of Worcester; sergeant 
major, Henry S. Barrage of Boxbury; (puirtermaster sergeant, Joseph 
XL Sawyer of Bolton; commissary sergeant, Edward F. Emory of 
I'itcliburg; hospital steward, William H. Blake of Lynn; i)rincipal 
musician, Alfred Chaffin of Holden. 



THE TUIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 543 

Company A, Fitchburg — Ctiptain, Thaddeus L. Barker; first lieu- 
tenant, George L. (Jliipman; second lieutenant, Joseph A. Marshall. 

Company B, Charlestown — Captain, Albert Prescott; first lieuten- 
ant, T. Edward Ames; second lieutenant, P. Marion Holmes. 

Company C, Worcester — Ca]itain, Artliur A. Goodell; first lieuten- 
ant, Edwin A. Morse; second lieutenant, Henry W. Daniels. 

Com})any D — Captain, Amos Buffum ; first lieutenant, Levi N. 
Smith, both of Templetou; second lieutenant, John C. Cutter of 
Winchendon. 

Company E — Captain, Stephen C. AVarriner of Monson; first lieu- 
tenant, Kobert M. Cross of Palmer; second lieutenant, Julius M. 
Tucker of Worcester. 

Company F, Milford — Ca])tain, William F. Draper; first lieutenant, 
Otis W. Holmes; second lieutenant, Augustus S. Tuttle. 

Company G — Captain, S. Henry Bailey of Korthboro; first lieuten- 
ant, Edward T. Raymond of Worcester; second lieutenant Henry S. 
Robinson of Clinton. 

Company H — Ca])tain, Christopher Sawyer of Templeton; first 
lieutenant, Joseph W. Gird of Fitchburg; second lieutenant, William 
H. Hodgkins of Charlestown. 

.Company T — Ca])tain, Christopher S. Hastings of Berlin; first lieu- 
tenant. William F. Brigham of Marlboro; second lieutenant, Frederick 
H. Sibley of Fitchburg. 

Company K — Captain, James B. Smith of Cambridge; first lieuten- 
ant, Austin Davis of Oxford; second lieutenant. Wilder S. Holbrook 
of Sutton. 

No a])pointment of adjutant v.as made at that time, the position 
being filled by Lieutenant Cliipman of Company A. A fair ])ro- 
portion of the officers had already seen service in the earlier Massa- 
chusetts organizations, Colonel Bowman, formerly a captain in the 
Fifteenth Regiment, having been captured at Ball's Bluif and but 
recently exchanged. He had been commissioned as major of the 
Thirty-fourth, but had not joined that regiment for service. Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Norton had been captain in the Fifth Regiment at 
the close of its three-months' service in 1861. 

Colonel Bowman reached Camp Wool — which was in charge of 
Colonel Ward — late in August, and on the 30th of that month re- 
ceived orders to have his command in readiness to set out for the 
front not later than the 2d of September. A very brief furlough 
was given most of the men, and on the day appointed Enfield ]-iflcs 
were issued, the mayor of W^orcester presented a line nati(5nal ban- 
ner, and at noon the line was formed, the regiment nuirched to 
the Common and took cars for Boston. Thence, in comijany with 
the Twentieth Maine, it went on board the laro-c ocean steamer Mer- 



544 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

rimac and next morning set sail for Alexandria. There the Twen- 
tieth landed on the 6th ; the day following the Thirty-sixth were 
transferred to the City of Norwich and continued up the Potomac 
to Washington, landing near the Navy Yard. 

For two days the regiment bivouacked near the Capitol, when it 
was assigned to the Ninth Corps, then moving northward in pursuit 
of General Lee's invading forces. On the 9th Colonel Bowman 
marched his command to Leesboro to report to General Burnside, 
but the latter was no longer there and several days elapsed before 
further orders could be secured, though on the 12th the regiment 
was marched 12 miles to Brookville. Five days later definite in- 
telligence was received that the march might be made in safety, and 
the column pressed forward steadily by w^ay of Frederick, South 
Mountain and the Burnside bridge across the Antietam, through 
Sharpsburg, encamping near the head-quarters of General Burnside, 
and being at once assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, 
Ninth Corps. The division was commanded by General 0. B. Will- 
cox, and the Brigade — which in addition to the Thirty-sixth con- 
sisted of the Forty-fifth and One Hundredth Pennsylvania — by 
Colonel Thomas Welsh. 

From the 21st to the 26th the regiment remained there in camp 
constantly expecting orders to march, but it was not till the 26th 
that the order came for changing the camp to the vicinity of Antie- 
tam Iron Works, where another stop was made. On the 29th a 
special service of thanksgiving was held in recognition of the suc- 
cess of the Union arms at Antietam, by order of General Willcox, 
in which the entire division joined ; after which much of the time 
was given up to inspections and reviews, including one by President 
Lincoln and General McClellan on the 3d of October. On the 7th 
the corps marched over the mountains into Pleasant Valley, en- 
camping some ten miles from Harj)er's Ferry. 

During dress parade of the 11th orders came to the brigade for 
an immediate departure, and with a section of artillery the three 
regiments marched to the nearest station on the Baltimore and Ohio 
railroad. The Thii-ty-sixth with loaded weapons at once took a 
train of 'platform cars which Avas in waiting and rode to Frederick, 
reaching the city about midnight and resting on the streets till 
morning, when they moved to a field on the edge of the town and 
later to a position on the Washington road. This sudden movement 



THE TIIIRTY-SIXTII REGIMENT. 545 

was caused by the raid of Stuart's cavalry into Pennsylvania, around 
the rear of the Union army, and it was feared that an attack would 
be made upon the stores collected at Frederick ; but the enemy, 
although coming within a few miles, had no wish to encounter any 
considerable force of McClcllan's soldiers and hurried across the 
Potomac into Virginia. This fact being learned, the regiment took 
cars again that evening in a drenching rain and rode to Point of 
Rocks, Avhere three companies went on picket. Next morning camp 
was made in a field near the railroad, where the command remained 
till the loth, when it was ordered back to Pleasant Valley, rejoining 
the brigade on the way. 

The Potomac was crossed on the ponton bridge at Berlin on the 
26th, in a heavy rain-storm, and the corps moved steadily forward 
till the 7th of November, when in a snow-storm it advanced to near 
Waterloo, halting there for some days. As there was difiiculty in 
getting the supply trains up, the entire army was short of rations 
at' this time, so that the encampment became known among the 
men as "Hungry Hollow." The command of the Army of the 
Potomac now passed from General McClellan to General Burnside; 
the Ninth Corps was placed under General Willcox, the command 
of the First Division being given to General W. W. Burns. The 
regiment marched on the loth of November to WhJte Sulphur 
Springs, where a skirmish was in progress, and formed line of bat- 
tle; but no engagement resulted, and the following morning the 
march was resumed, continuing steadily till the 19th, when camp 
was made in an open field opposite Fredericksburg. The encamp- 
ment proving very uncomfortable owing to the almost incessant rain 
and resulting mud, a change was made on Thanksgiving day, the 
27th, to a pine woods, where the regiment was comfortably quartered 
till the i)reparations for the battle of Fredericksburg were completed. 

The Third Brigade, under Colonel Leasure of the One Hundredth 
Pennsylvania, was on the field near the river early on the morning 
of the 11th of December; but owing to the opposition by the 
enemy's sharp-shooters, delaying the work of the engineers in laying 
the bridges, it was not till morning of the 12th that the Ninth Corps 
began to cross the Rappahannock. During the passage of the 
bridge two of the Thirty-sixth were wounded by the artillery fire of 
the enemy, the only loss oC the regiment in the battle. During the 
12tli the division remained near the river below the city, and on the 



546 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

following' (lay it was moved still further to the left, across Hazel 
Run, where it covered the Franklin bridges, the regiment going to 
the support of a battery at night. 

The result of the day's fighting having been very disastrous to the 
Union army. General Burnside contemplated forming a column of 
attack from the Ninth Corps, and leading it in person against the Con- 
federate fortifications the next morning, Colonel Leasure's Brigade 
to head the column. In pursuance of this idea the One Hundredth 
Pennsylvania was during the night pushed as close as possible to 
the enemy, and the other regiments of the brigade were placed in 
support, in readiness for the ordeal; but there was so unanimous 
and emphatic protest from all grades of officers that about morn- 
ing General Burnside abandoned his purpose. The corps retired 
near to the city where it remained during the 14th, returning to its 
former position at night and staying there till night of the loth, 
when the brigade moyed up to the city and assisted in covering the 
withdrawal of the right wing of the Union army. The Thirty-sixth 
were among the last troops to cross at the ujiper bridges, mak- 
ing their way back to the camp which they had left in the rear 
of the Phillips house. There drill, picket and other camp duties 
were taken up, and though marching orders were issued occasion- 
ally, notably at the time of the " mud march" fiasco, the men stand- 
ing in line in the mud and storm for some hours, the regiment re- 
mained in its winter quarters till the order came separating the 
corps from the Army of the Potomac. 

General Willcox returned to the command of the division on the 
8th of February, 1863, and on the 10th the Thirty-sixth received 
orders for immediate departure. Marching to the railroad station, 
cars were taken for Acquia Creek, and that evening the regiment 
went aboard the steamer South America, sailing next morning for 
Newport News. On reaching its destination, two or three days 
later, it encamped on a bluff a mile and a half from the landing, 
and being provided with A tents and comfortably located, passed 
the next six weeks in drill and camp duty. During this time, Major 
Barker having resigned, Captain Goodell was commissioned in his 
stead, and at the review of the corps by General Dix, commanding 
the dejtartment, on the 25th, he first commanded the regiment. 

Marching orders came on the 18th of March, but owing to a 
storm the reiiimcnt did not move till the 22d. when on the steamers 



THE TIIIRTY-SIXTII liEGlMBNT. 547 

Kennebec and Mary Washington it sailed for Baltimore. That city 
was reached on the 24tli, where cars were in waiting, by which the 
-command set out that evening for the west, going via Harper's 
Ferry and Piedmont to Parkcrsburg, whence on the steamer Bos- 
tonia the journey was continued by the Ohio river. Cincinnati was 
reached on the evening of the 27th, the river was crossed to Cov- 
ington the following day, the steamer was exchanged for cars, and 
morning of the 2l:)th found the Thirty-sixth at Lexington, Ky., 
where they encamped in a line black-walnut grove, Colonel Leasure, 
the acting l)rigadier, taking command of the post. The regiment 
passed its time in building a fort in the vicinity and in provost duty 
in the city till the 5th of April, when at evening it took cars for 
Covington, being thus placed within reach in case of trouble at the 
Cincinnati elections the following day. Its services not being re- 
quired, it remained encamped near Covington during the day and 
on the morning of the 7th returned to camp at Lexington. 

The brigade received marching orders the following morning, 
passed through Lexington to Nicholasville and on the next day to 
Bryantsville, where it took possession of Camp Dick Robinson, from 
which General Bragg had retreated at the Federal advance. There 
on the 13th Brigadier General Thomas Welsh took command of the 
division. On the 20th Colonel Bowman with 400 picked men set 
out on a circuitous march by way of Harrodsburg and Danville 
which occupied two days, and on the 30th the brigade again broke 
camp and moved southward, halting on the 2d of May at Middle- 
burg, where it remained till the 23d, moving thence to Columbia, 
near which it encamped on the morning of the 26tli. Next day 
the Thirty-sixth with the One Hundredth, a section of artillery and 
a squadron of cavalry, set forth on a search for guerrillas, returning 
to camp on the evening of the 30th, having marched 47 miles and 
bringing in 25 captives. 

The brigade was reorganized on the 1st of June, to consist of the 
Thirty-sixth, the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania, the Seventeenth and 
Twenty-seventh Michigan Regiments, Colonel Bowman still com- 
manding. That night the regiment marched to Jamestown, on the 
Cumberland river, which was reached at daybreak of the following 
morning, in time to prevent Confederate cavalry from occupying 
the town. They had just driven in the small force of Union cavalry 
at the place, but on sighting Companies A and F of the Thirty-sixth 



548 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

deploN'ed as skirmishers beat a hasty retreat. At noon of the 4th 
orders were received to march at once for Lebanon, 60 miles north- 
ward ; and though the heat and dust were terrible and the men 
heavily loaded, the place was reached at noon of the 6th — 48 hours 
after the receipt of the orders. The Ninth Corps was on its way 
to reinforce General Grant at Vicksburg. 

Leaving Lebanon by rail on the afternoon of the 7th, the regi- 
ment, numbering some 760 officers and men, went to Louisville, 
crossed the Ohio to Jacksonville, Ind., and reached Cairo on the 
9th. There it went aboard the steamer Meteor and began the de- 
scent of the river, halting at Memphis for three days till the trans- 
ports with the rest of the division came down, when the flotilla of 
five large steamers escorted by a gun-boat, running by day and 
"tying up" at night, continued the journey, being fired on by a 
party of guerrillas from the shore near Columbus, Ark., but none 
of the Thirty-sixth being hurt. The regiment debarked at ►Snyder's 
Bluff on the Yazoo river dui-ing the 17th and marched some four 
miles inland to a magnolia grove, where it remained till the 20th, 
when the location was changed to a cross road where DurrelFs Bat- 
tery was posted, the point being considered an important one in 
view of the known purpose of General J. E. Johnston to come upon 
the rear of Grant's army and raise the siege. The camp of the regi- 
ment was arranged in a semi-circle covering the road, with a strong- 
picket posted a mile in advance, all being strongly fortified, and there 
the Thirty-sixth remained till the fall of the city. Sickness in the 
regiment rapidly increased owing to the exposure and the unfavorable 
surroundings, there being some cases of small-pox, of which Second 
Lieutenant William L. Howe of Orange died on the 7th of July. 

The surrender of Yicksburg on the morning of July 4 was no sooner 
assured than General Sherman, of whose command the Ninth Corjis 
formed a part, Avas in motion in search of Johnston's threatening 
army. On receipt of the information the outposts were called in and 
the Thirty-sixth at once started on the march but did not overtake 
the brigade, which was already under way, till the following day, so 
rapid was the movement of the troops. A strong bridge Avas con- 
structed over the Big Black river at Birdsongs Ferry on the 6tli by 
the mechanics of the Thirty-Sixth and other regiments, over which 
the army passed, and then the march was kept up till the 10th with 
great energy, — the men being almost entirely without rations dur- 



THE TUIRrY-SIXTII 1{K(;1MENT. .-)4'.» 

ing the time. On the afternoon of the 10th, Jackson, the capital 
of Mississi])pi, was sighted, to the defenses of which the Confeder- 
ates had retreated, and as the Union army emerged from the woods 
within view of the town it formed in order of hattle, the Thirty- 
sixth on the extreme right of the Ninth Corps, connecting with the 
Sixteenth. The line advanced steadily till the enemy's main position 
was developed, when it halted for the night. 

Next morning the advance was continued till the main body of 
the foe, strongly intrenched, was encountered, and the rciiiment lay 
all day under a heavy lire; but the only loss was by Company F, 
which in going upon the skirmish line had two members killed and 
six wounded. From this time on the regiment remained much of the 
time at the front during the siege operations which followed, but 
was not engaged and suffered no further casualties. On the night 
of the 16th General Johnston evacuated Jackson, and as soon as 
the fact was known the Thirty-sixth, with other regiments of the 
division, marched eight miles northward to Grant's Mills, bivouack- 
ing for the night. Next morning the Central Mississippi Railroad 
was reached, ten miles of which had been destroyed by noon of the 
19th, when the division returned to Jackson, There it learned that 
the corps had been ordered back to Kentucky, and next day the re- 
turn march toward Vicksburg was begun. The weather being very 
trying and the men weakened by previous hardships and short 
rations, the long marches of the next two days proved very fatiguing, 
two members of the Thirty-sixth dying on the 20tli from exhaus- 
tion. The regiment reached the old camp at Milldale on the 23d, 
and during the few days that it stopped there it was in a sad plight. 
While it had a total of 3G8 officers and men present for duty, it 
had 167 sick in hospital, 16 of whom had small-pox. Two worthy 
officers died soon after — Captain Hastings on the 8th of September 
and Second Lieutenant Sibley August 17. From ]\Iilldale, Colonel 
Bowman commanding the brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Norton 
€onnnauding the regiment left for home, their resignations having 
been accepted, and Major Goodell assumed command of the rem- 
nant of the Thirty-sixth. Colonel Lavid IMorrison was assigned to 
command the brigade, which was reorganized to consist of his own 
regiment, the Forty-fifth Pgnnsylvania, the Eighth and Seventeenth 
]\riehigan, in addition to the INIassachusetts organization, the entire 
brigade scarcely numbering 500 men fit for duty. 



r,50 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Camp was broken on the 4th of August and the regiment marched 
to the steamboat landing, where next day with two other regiments 
and a battery it went aboard the Pliawatha and bade a glad adieu to 
Mississippi. Cairo was reached on the 10th. Going thence by cars 
and stopping at Covington for four days, it reached Nicholasville on 
the morning of the 18th and rested there ten days. Three days of 
marching, ending on the 29th, took the command to Crab Orchard, 
where it encamped in the edge of a wood till the 10th of September. 
During this time Captain William F. Draper was promoted to major, 
vice Goodell, made lieutenant colonel. The corps was now under 
orders to join Burnside in !fiast Tennessee, and this grateful period of 
rest, which essentially improved the condition of the command, was 
occupied in concentrating the scattered regiments for the march. 

The assembly sounded on the morning of the 10th and the long 
journe\' began. Though the health of the Thirty-sixth had much 
improved, it was still necessary to leave more than 150 at Crab 
Orchard who were unable to march. Passing through Cumberland 
Gap on the 20th, the regiment reached Morristown on the 22d,from 
which on the two following days it made a fruitless march of 20 
miles, and on its return was detailed to garrison the town — a duty 
which continued only two days, when it was relieved and took cars 
for Knoxville, near which it encamped till the 3d of October. 

Intelligence being received of a threatening Confederate force 
near Greenville, the regiment set out early on that day in light 
marching order and with five days' rations, going by rail to Bull's 
Gap, some 60 miles, and next day marching to Lick Creek, where 
it waited till the 10th for the arrival of Burnside with other troops. 
The enemy was in force at Blue Springs, some three miles distant, 
and soon after Burnside's army moved the conflict began. The 
Thirty-sixth were not engaged till the middle of the afternoon, 
when the brigade was ordered to drive the foe from a patch of 
woods to which he had clung tenaciously. Moving by the right 
flank till the enemy's fire was received, the command changed front 
till it faced the work before it and then with an impulsive charge 
drove the Confederates in confusion to the shelter of their artillery 
in the rear. In halting the regiment after this gratifying success 
Lieutenant Colonel Goodell was severely wounded and the command 
devolved upon Major Drai)er. In addition two officers and tliree 
men were wounded, — a fortunately small number. 



THE TIimTY-SIXTII BEGUIENT. 551 

During the night the enemy retreated, being followed hy the 
Union cavalry, while the infantry, including the Thirty-sixth, re- 
turned to Knoxville, which was reached during the night of the 
14tli. After a rest of five days the regiment marched to Loudon, 
30 miles southwest of Knoxville, to confront the reported advance 
of Longstrcet from Chattanooga. Remaining there till the 28tli, 
with no signs of the foe, it fell back seven miles to Lenoir's* and 
on the following day received orders to prepare its Avinter camp. 
Substantial and comfortable quarters w^ere built, and were about 
completed, when on the 14th of November hasty marching orders 
came. Before noon the division was on the road toward Loudon to 
meet Longstrcet, who Avas to be delayed as much as possible, to give 
Burnside time to gather the body of his troops into the defenses at 
Knoxville, and to extend the operations so that Grant, who had now 
taken command at Chattanooga, should have time to execute his 
plans against General Bragg. 

' The advance met the enemy late in the afternoon, and skirmish- 
ing began, the Thirty-sixth at night forming line in a dense woods 
and expecting an engagement, but in the morning the troops were 
ordered back toward Lenoir's — a very difficult movement to execute, 
as it had rained heavily during the previous day and night and the 
mud was very deep. The regiment was detailed to assist Roomer's 
Battery, which could scarcely be dragged along, and about noon 
Lenoir's was again reached. Line of battle was formed by the bri- 
gade on the Kingston road, in front of which the enemy made some 
demonstration toward night, but were content with pressing back the 
Union skirmishers a trifle and repeating the experiment during the 
early part of the night. It was very cold, and the command suffered 
much, as they could have no fires and slept none. In the morning 
only Humphrey's Brigade remained with Morrison's and the latter 
began to retire at daybreak, leaving the former to cover the retreat. 

On reaching the junction of the roads from Lenoir's and Kings- 
ton to Knoxville, the Thirty-sixth with the Eighth Michigan and 
Forty-fifth Pennsylvania — the latter as skirmishers — took position 
to cover the Kingston road, by which Longstrcet was endeavoring 
to reach the Hank of Burnside's force, while the renuiinder of the 
L^nion troois continued on to a point beyond Campbell's Station 
which had been selected for offering battle. An energetic attnclc 
was almost immediately made by Hood's Division of Confederates, 



552 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and the three small regiments made gallant defense, changing posi- 
tion frequently as the danger threatened from front, flank or rear, 
and holding the enemy in check till the troops and wagons were out 
of the way, when Morrison's command followed its comrades back 
to the main position, the Thirty-sixth by the admirable handling of 
Major Draper narrowly avoiding capture. Burnside's position was 
repeatedly attacked, from the front and on each flank, but the as- 
sailants were driven back by the artillery fire assisted by the infan- 
try, and then the national forces wei*e withdrawn to a still stronger 
position in the rear, which they held until night, when Burnside 
withdrew his soldiers to Knoxville, which was not reached, owing 
to the difficult roads, till near daylight. During the fighting of the 
16th the regiment had lost four killed, 17 wounded and three miss- 
ing, among the dead being First Lieutenant P. Marion Holmes. 

Vigorous work on the fortification of the city at once began, and 
after an hour or two of sleep four companies of the Thirty -sixth 
went upon the skirmish line, while the rest of the regiment took up 
the intrenching tools. From that time till the close of the siege 
there was constunt duty and anxiety, but fortunately the i)osition 
of the command in the line was such that there was no fighting of 
Importance in its front, and its lo?rS wasbut one killed. During the 
night of December 4 Longstreet withdrew from his lines of invest- 
ment and next morning the raising of the siege was discovered and 
reported by the ])ickets of the Thirty -sixth, under command of Cap- 
tain Ames of Company B. General Burnside, having been relieved 
from the command of the department, was succeeded on the 11th 
by General John G, Foster. 

Meantime the pursuit of Longstreet's retreating legions was 
ordered, and on the 7th the Thirty-sixth marched outujwn the New- 
market road with the rest of the corps, camping two days later near 
Rutlcdge. On the IGth the Union troops fell back as far as Blain's 
Cross Iloads,and after a little skirmishing Longstreet retired in the 
other direction, both armies going into winter quarters. Commu- 
nication with the base of supi)lics was difficult, and though all pos- 
sible excrticns were made it was seldom that more than quarter- 
rations could be issued to the hungry soldiers, while supplies of 
shoes and clothing were even more difficult to obtain. Camp was 
broken on the 21st of January, 1864, the baggage being sent to 
Knoxville, and next morning the march of the troops began, Mor- 



TUB rUIRTY-SIXTII REGIMENT. 553 

rison's Brigade forming the rear guard. As the enemy's cavalry 
followed it Avns frequently necessary to face about and offer battle, 
which Avas declined, and after a hard day's march the regiment 
bivouacked within three miles of Knoxville. The Confederates re- 
tired from Uie vicinity the following day, when the Thirty-sixth 
went through Knoxville, passed Fort Sanders and halted near Erin's 
Station, five miles beyond. There a camp was built, drills were re- 
sumed, and on the 31st the regiment was strengthened by a cletach- 
nient of 100 men from the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts, who had 
not re-enlisted and were transferred to the Thirty-sixth to com])lcte 
their term of service. Near evening of February 1, the division 
marched through Knoxville, crossed the Holston, climbed the hills 
bevond and bivouacked, only to fmd next day that the call resulted 
from a false alarm and to be ordered back to their camjis. 

General Foster, having been disabled by the opening of an old 
wound, was succeeded in the command of the Department by Gen- 
"eral Schotield on the 9th; on the 15th the regiment moved l)ack 
near to Fort Sanders in a heavy rain-storm, changed its camping 
ground three days later, and on the 24th started with other troojjs 
in light marching order for Strawberry Plains, General Willcox com- 
manding the division. The Holston was crossed in barges the 27th, 
and during the next two days the column advanced to Morristown; 
on the 2d of March the regiment fell back 13 miles to Mossy Creek, 
where it remained till the 11th, when it returned to Morristown. In 
that vi(;inity, on picket duty, with an occasional scouting tour 
through the surrounding region, the regiment remained till the 
morning of the 17th, when the return, march to Knoxville was begun, 
Fort Sanders being reached on the 19th. Two days later the com- 
mand marched to the northward, the Ninth Corps having l)een 
ordered to Annapolis for reorganization. It was a hard march over 
the nioinitains of Tennessee and Kentucky, the roads being rough 
and snow and rain alternating most of the time; but on the 1st of 
Ai)ril Nicholasville, Ky., was reached and cars were taken. (Joing 
by way of Cincinnati, Columl)us and Pittsburg, the regiment arrived 
in Baltimore on the 6th, and late that night reached its destination, 
reporting to General Hartranft, the provisional commander of the 
post at Annapolis. 

The formal reorganization of the Ninth Corps as an independent 
command under General Burnside took place on the 19th. Many 



554 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

new regiments had joined the corps, and it was organized in four 
divisions of two strong brio;ades each — the Fourth Division being 
made up of colored troops. The Thirty-sixth formed part of the 
First Brigade, Second Division, the other regiments of the brigade 
being the Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first New York, Forty-fifth 
and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, the Fifty-eight Massachusetts join- 
ing soon after. Brigadier General Robert B. Potter had been 
designated as the brigade commander, but on reporting for duty he 
took the division and Colonel J. K. Sigfried of the Forty-eighth 
commanded the brigade. Lieutenant Colonel Goodell being still 
disabled by his wound, Major Draper commanded the regiment, 
which at that time consisted of 551 members present, including the 
detachment from the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts and one number- 
ing 56 from the Forty-sixth New York. Of the total number but 
11 were line olhcers. 

Though the destination of the corps was a secret, marching 
orders came at night of the 22d and the following morning the 
camp was quitted and the line of march taken up toward Washing- 
ton. The corps was reviewed by President Lincoln as it marched 
through the city on the 25th, camping that night within two miles 
of Alexandria. Its first duty was the guarding of the railroad from 
Alexandria to the Rapidan, and on the 27th the regiment began its 
march, going as far as Kettle Run, which it reached on the 30th, 
relieving the Seventeenth Regulars and occupying their camp. A 
few days of picketing the railroad and making an occasional scout 
in search of guerrillas followed, but the great campaign was about 
opening, and on the 4th of May the corps was ordered to concen- 
trate and march to the Rapidan. Colonel Zenas R. Bliss of the 
Seventh Rhode Island at this time took command of the brigade, 
and Lieutenant Colonel Goodell having resigned Major Draper be- 
came nominally, as he had in fact been for some time, commander 
of the Thirty-sixth. 

The Rappahannock was crossed at Rappahannock Station in the 
forenoon of the 5th, and the brigade marched rapidly all day, with 
but an occasional halt, crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford and 
went into camp for the night two or thi'ce miles beyond. Before 
3 o'clock on the morning of the 6th the regiment was under way, 
moving slowly and carefully in the rear of the Union lines, halting 
at Wilderness Tavern to load the muskets and prepare for acfion. 



THE TIIIUTY-SIXTIl REGIMENT. 555 

finally taking a road leading toward Parker's Store and advancing 
till Wilderness Run was crossed and the fire of artillery and infantry 
at the further side of a small clearing Avas encountered, when Gen- 
eral Potter was ordered to withdraw his division and move to the 
left to assist General Hancock, whose command was being hard 
premised. After pushing through the thicket for some distance posi- 
tion Avas finally taken near the j^lank road, and an immediate ad- 
vance against the enemy ordered. 

The skirmish line under Captain J>ailey soon encountered the 
enemy, who delivered a heavy musketry fire, under which the line 
of the division was corrected and again advanced. Rushing forward 
at the double-quick, the Thirty-sixth Avith the Forty-fifth Pennsylva- 
nia carried the Avorks in their front and held them. Other portions 
of the brigade were less successful, and as they gave Avay the enemy 
soon threatened the flank and rear of the Thirty-sixth ; but the gal- 
lant fellows held on desperately, only falling back a short distance 
when it was impossible to longer maintain their lodgment in the 
hostile AVorks. Coloiiel Curtin of the Forty-fifth noAv took C(un- 
mand of the brigade, its line was adjusted and the position Avas held 
by Potter's Division till late in the afternoon, Avhen its ammunition 
being exhausted and a fresh attack ordered it Avas relieved by the 
Third Division. It supported the latter in its attack, and Avhen it 
had gained some advantage formed on its right within close musket 
shot of the enemy, Avhere the Thirty-sixth intrenched and remained 
during the night, strengthening the position next day, but not being* 
further engaged. 

The total loss of the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness Avas 
85, of whom 12 were known to have been killed, 53 Avere Avounded 
and the rest Avere "missing in action." Major Draper was among 
the severely Avoundcd, having been shot through the shoulder. In 
the early afternoon of the 7th the regiment moved to the rear and 
was joined by the rest of the brigade, Avhen it marched to the open 
ground near Wilderness Tavei-n Avhere the Xinth Corps Avas massed, 
and remained there till after dark, the men meantime taking their 
first food except bread and Avater for 48 hours. The trains being 
noAV en route for Chancellorsville, the corps Avas ordered to follow 
them, and a tedious movement it proA-ed, each march of a few min- 
utes being followed by a halt. At 10 o'clock the regiment laid 
down by the roadside and Avaited till daylight, Avhen the journey 



656 MASSACHUSETTS 7.V THE WAR. 

was resumed. Chaiicellorsville Avas reached about 9 o'clock, where 
the command halted in an open Held near the turnpike and waited 
without shelter till near noon of the next day, when the march 
toward Spottsylvania was resumed, position being taken that night 
on the left of the Army of the Potomac, near General Burnside's 
head-quarters. 

Late in the afternoon of the 10th the regiment moved to and 
crossed the Ny river, threatening the flank of the enemy's position j 
while other troops from the corps pressed back their outposts, the 
entire movement being in support of an attack on another part of 
the line. The regiment lay in line of battle through the night, and 
in the morning advanced to a ridge within a quarter of a mile of 
the Court House, Avhere a line of intrenchments was erected; but 
about the middle of the afternoon, during a heavy shower, these 
were evacuated without attracting the attention of the foe, and the 
lines were moved back near the Harris house, where the division 
was massed till about dusk, when it was once more advanced, taking 
a postion to the right of that formerly occupied. Here massed in 
the rear of a line of works near a deserted farmhouse, the division 
passed the stormy night as best it could, prepared for a desperate Q 
attack in the morning of the 12th. 

Soon after daylight the cheering and firing of Hancock's men was 
heard at the right and General Potter's command was ordered for- 
ward by brigades in echelon, the Thirty-sixth forming the left of the 
second line, its flank being unprotected. Soon after the engagement 
began a heavy Confederate line was discovered on the left and fire 
was opened, but it was stopped immediately on the supposition that 
the force in front was part of Hancock's captives, and this error i 
was not dispelled till a volley was received by the Thirty-sixth at 'i 
short range, causing terrible loss. The flank was at once swung 
back and the fire returned by tho.sc Avho survived, the uneven con- 
test being maintained till the coming up of the Twenty-first Mas- 
sachusetts continued the line to the left, when a general advance 
was made and the enemy's first lines Avere taken and held against 
rejjeated efforts to i-ecover them. The loss of the regiment, includ- 
ing the Twen'y-ninth detachment, in this stubborn conflict, was 27 
killed, among them Cajitain Bailey and First Lieutenant Henry W. 
Daniels, 70 wounded, and 10 missing. 

On the 14th and IGth the men fi'om the Twentv-nintb Bctiiment 



THE TIIIRTY-SIXTII BEGUIENT. 557 

whose term of service had expired departed for home, whieli witli 
the recent losses of the Thirty-sixth in action reduced that regiment 
to a fraction of its former numbers. Meantime the position in front 
of the enemy was maintained only by constant skirmishing, in which 
some loss was met from the fire of the Confederates and more from 
sickness and exhaustion resulting from the continued strain upon 
the men, the want of sleep and the exj)osure to almost continual 
storm. Dui'ing this time several officers who had been absent on 
recruiting service returned, and on the 18th Rev. Nathaniel Richard- 
son of Somerset took the position of chaplain, made vacant the pre- 
vious autumn by the resignation of Mr. Canlield. 

The Ninth Corps moved to the extreme left of the Union lines 
on the morning of the 19th, intrenched, and remained there in 
a pleasant camp till afternoon of the 21st, when a reconnaissance 
was ordered to Stannard's Mills at the crossing of the Po river, 
some five miles distant. The enemy was found in force across the 
river, and after some skirmishing the brigade was withdrawn dur- 
ing the night and took the road to Guiney Station, which was reached 
the following noon. The cor])s reached Ox Ford on the North Anna 
late in the afternoon of the 23d, but as investigation showed a pass- 
age of the river at that point to be undesirable if not impracticable, 
the corps was divided, Potter's Division being sent to the left to 
assist 'Hancock, Avho had already made a crossing at Chesterfield 
Bridge. This movement was made on the afternoon of the 24th, 
and the regiment after crossing the bridge was pushed to the front, 
deployed as skirmishers and advanced close to the enemy's works. 
Late in the afternoon of the 25th it was relieved and took position in 
rear of the main line, having lost one man killed and four wounded. 

The Union troops were withdrawn on the evening of the 26th 
and the movement toward the Pamunkey at once began. On the 
27th the Ninth Corps, which had thus far been an independent com- 
mand under the immediate ordci's of General Grant, was made part 
of the Army of the Potomac. During the forenoon the corjjs con- 
centrated about Mount Carmcl Church and then began the march, 
which continued almost without rest till the forenoon of the 29th 
when, the Pamunkey having been crossed the previous night, the 
brigade went to the rear and had one day's rest. It then joined the 
division at ITawes Shop and during the 30th there was some skirmish- 
ing while the Union line was being established and the position of the 



558 MAbSACnUSBTTS IN THE WAR. 

enemy developed, and during the two succeeding days some of the 
hostile pits were captured ; but the ground being of an unfavorable 
nature and the works well manned on both sides no general attack 
Avas made, and the Ninth Corps was withdrawn and massed in the 
rear of the Fifth, during which movement an attack was made by 
the Confederates and handsomely repulsed, though at some loss to 
the Union skirmish line. 

During the night of June 2 the regiment was sent through the 
darkness and storm to occupy some deserted works to the left of 
the Second Division, which was accomplished with much diiliciilty, 
but early in the morning it was ordered to rejoin its brigade and 
take part in an attack on Early's left, which was at once done. 
The enemy were driven back for some distance to their main lines, 
and these were found too strong to be carried; but the Federal 
troops held on to what they had gained and maintained their posi- 
tion close to the hostile works, though subjected to a sadly fatal fire. 
The Thirty-sixth, as in previous engagements, held the left of the 
brigade, with its flank " in the air," and suffered from a flank fire 
all through the day till near night, when connection Avas made with 
its left by the First Division. The loss of the regiment, out of eight 
of^cers and about 200 men taken into action, had been 17 killed or 
fatally hurt and 33 wounded, the battle of Cold Harbor l^eing the 
most deadly in proportion to the number engaged of any in the 
regiment's history. Among the dead was Color Sergeant French, 
who fell at the first fire, and Captain Barker, commanding the regi- 
ment, Av^as Avoundcd. 

Next morning the enemy were found to have retired from that 
part of the field, and the brigade Av^as moved more to the left, at 
the same time parting company AAith the detachment from the 
Forty-sixth New York, Avhich returned to its own regiment. The 
operations of the ensuing days consisted of experiences on the skir- 
mish line and behind the intrenchments, almost constantly under 
fire Ijiit fortunately without severe loss. On the 12tli the regiment 
Avithdrew from the Avorks at Cold Harbor and late at night of the 
14th encami)ed on the l)anks of the James. In the evening of the 
15th it crossed the river on a ponton bridge 2,200 feet in length, 
and marched all night to Prince George Court House, halted there 
for a fcAV hours and then pressed forward to join the forces gather- 
ing about Peter.sburg, taking ])Osition that afternoon at the left of 



THE TniRTT-SIXTII REGIMENT. 559 

the Union line, and being held in reserve with another regiment to 
guaid the Ihmk, the Thirty-sixth were not actively engaged in the 
fighting of that day. 

They had their turn, however, the next morning, when Potters 
Division was selected to make an assault, and for that purpose dur- 
ing the night made a detour and gained a coveted position in a ravine 
near to the enemy's works. At 3 o'clock the charge was made, each 
of the two brigades having a front of three regiments, the Thirty- 
sixth being in the center of the left brigade, and after a short but 
stubborn fight the enemy were driven from their works and also 
from a second line where they attempted to rally. In this assault 
the regiment, out of about 90 taken into action, lost three killed 
and 16 wounded, four of them fatally, including Captain Otis W. 
Holmes, who died on the 23d. 

After remaining at the front through the day the regiment was 
employed most of the night in changing the facing of some of the 
caj)turod intrcnchments, and on the 18th was almost constantly 
under fire in support of the operations of the other divisions of the 
corps, the loss during the day being Captain Buffum and two en- 
listed men killed and six wounded. That evening the division re- 
lieved the others, picketing the entire front of the Ninth Corps line^ 
reaching from the Second on the right to the Fifth on the left. 
Since the opening of the campaign the regiment had lost 267 in 
killed, wounded and missing, and seven of its companies were at 
that time commanded by non-commissioned officers. The brigade 
had been strengthened by the addition of the Second New York 
Mounted Ilifies, serving as infantry. All through the remainder of 
June and all of July the regiment passed in the trenches or the pits 
of the skirmishers, the men constantly exposed to the fire of the 
Confederate sharp-shooters and rarely a day passing that some one 
was not struck, a large proportion of the wounds being fatal. 

In the slaughter which followed the explosion of the mine, July 
30, the regiment did not share, it being on duty in the trenches and 
no relief being sent for it, though repeatedly requested. On the 
9th of August Major Draper, recovered from the wound received in 
the Wilderness and promoted to lieutenant colonel, returned and 
resumed command of the regiment, being mustered in the new rank 
the following day, with Captain Thaddeus L. Barker i)romotcd to 
major, — both commissions dating from the 6th of May previous. 



560 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

General Burnside resigned the command of the corps on the 14th, 
and the same day the regiment was relieved from the trenches by 
troops from the Eighteenth Corps. During its less than two 
months' duty in front of the enemy the Thirty-sixth Regiment had 
lost from its small band seven killed and 18 woimded by the fire of 
sharpshooters. The Ninth Corps moved to the left that night and 
relieved the Fifth the following morning, the Thirty-sixth taking 
the place of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, and 
finding the change very agreeable, as there was next to no picket 
firing and the quarters were well fitted up. 

They were not long enjoyed, however. On the 19th a movement 
was made toward the left, in support of the operations of the Fifth 
Corps against the Weldon Railroad, and for two or three days the 
regiment was engaged in skirmishing and maneuvering, after which 
its energies were devoted to intrenching the position gained. For 
more than a month after this work was done the corps remained in 
peace between the Fifth and Second Corps, the lines extending from 
the Jerusalem Plank road on the right to the Weldon Railroad on 
the left ; on this part of the lines there was little or no sharp-shoot- 
ing, and the weary men enjoyed a period of comparative rest. On 
the 13th of September the corps, owing to its sad decimation, was 
reorganized into three divisions, the old First being broken up and 
its regiments distributed among the other two white divisions. As 
reconstructed the First Brigade, Second Division, consisted of nine 
regiments,— the Twenty-first, Thirty-fiftii, Thirty-sixth and Fifty- 
eighth Massachusetts, Fourth and Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first 
New York, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. General 
Parke commanded the corps, and General Potter and Colonel Cur- 
tin the division and brigade respectively. 

Movements began on the 25th of September looking to an exten- 
sion of the Federal lines still further to the left, and on that day the 
Thirty-sixth broke camp, moving about from point to point in the 
vicinity till the 30th, when they took part in the action at Pegram 
Farm, in which the brigade, after gaining some success was attacked 
in flank and obliged to retire in confusion, the regiment making a 
creditable fight under the circumstances and suffering a loss of four 
killed, 16 wounded and as many missing. Skirmishing continued 
for some days, during which tlic command lost several men in the 
frequent sallies made from both sides and by the sharp-shooting and 



THE THIRTY-SIXTH IlEGIMENT. 561 

artillery fire; but each army held on determinedly and on the Union 
side Forts Welch and Fisher which afterward became so famous 
were laid out, covering the angle at the left of Grant's line. 

New colors were received by the regiment on the 7th of October, 
the tattered relics thus far borne being returned to Boston for 
jireservation. Lieutenant Colonel Dra])er resigned on the 13tli; 
Major Barker succeeded to the command and was soon after com- 
missioned lieutenant colonel. On the 27th the regiment took part 
in a resultless expedition to Hatcher's Run, but in a day or two was 
back again in camp. On the 1st of November it was reduced to 
seven companies by the consolidation of PI, I and K with C, (t 
and B, when the Twenty -first Massachusetts Veteran Battalion 
took the place of the three companies and became thenceforth a part 
of the Thirty-sixth Regiment. On the same day Captain Burrage, 
in violation of an understanding then existing, was made a prisoner 
while exchanging papers near the picket line, — in consequence of 
which Confederate General Roger A. Pryor was captured in the same 
manner by the Union pickets and held till an exchange was arranged. 

The Ninth Corps returned to the fortifications in front of Peters- 
burg, forming the right of the Union position, on the 29th of No- 
vember, the Thirty-sixth garrisoning Fort Rice, the brigade holding 
the works from Fort Mciklc on the right to Fort Davis on the left, 
the line including Fort Sedgwick, better known as " Fort Hell." 
The regiment, forming the permanent garrison of the fort, passed 
an uneventful winter, and in the assault on the Confederate lines op- 
posite Fort Sedgwick on the 2d of April, 1865, it had no active part, 
though after the lodgment was made in the hostile works by their 
comrades of the Ninth Corps many of the men assisted in carrying 
ammunition across the interval to those engaged. Next day the 
regiment joined the corps in its advance to and through Petersburg, 
marching that night to Sutherland Station, next day to Beaslev's, 
and on the 5th to Blacks and Whites Station, where it rested till 
noon of the following day. It was then detailed to guard a supply 
train, which it took charge of after marching to Nottaway Court 
House, ten miles distant, and at once set out to find the head-quar- 
ters of the army, in which undertaking it n:rarched constantly for 
two days and nights with only an occasional halt for coffee. It 
was finally relieved at Rice's Station on the morning of the 8th, 
and next dav was ordered to Farmville, where it was detailed as 



562 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

provost guard and Lieutenant Colonel Barker as provost marshal, 
General Curtin being made post commandant. 

It left Farmvilleon the 21st and took cars at Burkesville for City 
Point which was reached next morning. Sailing on the steamer 
Vidette on the morning of the 27th the command debarked at 
Alexandria at noon of the 28th, going into camp near Fort Lyon. 
The review in Washington occurred on the 23d of May and other 
reviews and parades followed, the last being on the 5th of June, as 
a farewell to General Curtin who had so long commanded the bri- 
gade. The recruits and the men from the Twenty-first were trans- 
ferred to the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts on the 8th of June, when 
the regiment was mustered out of the national service by Lieuten- 
ant Rose and marched to Alexandria, escorted by the Forty-fifth 
Pennsylvania. Going by steamer to Washington and then taking 
cars for Massachusetts, the Thirty -sixth arrived at Readville on the 
evening of the 10th, visited Worcester on the 13th, receiving an 
enthusiastic reception, and on the 19th reassembling at Readville, 
the members were paid, discharged, and returned to their homes. 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirty-seventh Regiment was organized at Camp Briggs, 
Pittsficld, where the recruits began to gather early in August, 
18G2, some of them coming from Worcester, where various 
detachments had reported while the Thirty-fourth Regiment was 
being filled ; but on the formation of the camp at Pittsfield the re- 
cruits from the four western counties of the state were directed to 
that rendezvous and in the regiment every town of these counties 
was represented. The camp was for a time in charge of Lieutenant 
Alonzo E. Goodrich of Pittsfield, assisted by Quartermaster Daniel 
J. Dodge of the same town. As the number in camp increased the 
post was placed in charge of Colonel William Raymond Lee of the 
Twentieth Regiment, the latter being relieved August 12 by Major 
Oliver Edwards, formerly adjutant of the Tenth Regiment, who as 
senior aide on the staff of General Darius N. Couch had served with 
distinction during the Peninsular campaign. Under his skillful con- 
trol the embryo regiment very rapidly developed into creditable pro- 
ficiency. Six of the companies were mustered into the United States 
service on the 30th of August, most of the others on the 2d of Sep- 
tember, and the last company — K — on the 4th. The officers' com- 
missions bore date August 27, this being the roster: — 

Colonel, Oliver Edwards of Springfield; lieutenant colonel, Alouzo 
E. Goodrich of Pittsfield; major, George L. Montague of South 
Hadley; surgeon, Charles F. Crehore of Boston; assistant surgeons, 
Thomas C. Luwton of Sheffield and Joshua J. Ellis of Marshfield; 
adjutant, Thomas G. Colt; quartermaster, Daniel J. Dodge, both of 
Pittsfield; chaplain, Frank C. Morse of Blandford; sergeant major, 
Robert A. Gray of Springfield; quartermaster sergeant. Thomas Por- 
ter, Jr., of Chesterfield; commissary sergeant, James C. Chalmers of 
Pittsfield; hospital stewards, W. A. Champney of Hatfield and Richard 
E. Morgan of Pittsfield; principal musician, John L. Gaffney of 
Chicopee. 

Company A, Chicopee — Captain, Jarvis P. Kelley; first lieutenant, 
Eli T. Blackmer: second lieutenant, Carlos C. Wellman. 



564 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company B — Captain, Franklin W. Pease of Lee; first lieutenant, 
Thomas F. Plunkett, Jr., of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, P. Wood- 
bridge Morgan of Lee. 

Company C — Captain, Edwin Hurlburt of Great Barrington; first 
lieutenant, John C. Robinson of Adams; second lieutenant, Rufus P. 
Lincoln of Amherst. 

Company 1) — Captain, Algernon S. Flagg of Wilbraham; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles L. Edwards of Southampton ; second lieutenant, 
George H. Hyde of Lee. 

Company E — Captain, Archibald Hopkins of Williamstown; first 
lieutenant, Jonas A. Champney of Adams; second lieutenant, Walter 
B. Smith of Pittsfield. 

Company F — Captain, Eugene A. Allen of Springfield; first lieu- 
tenant. Mason W. Tyler of Amherst; second lieutenant, Elihu R, 
Rockwood of Greenfield. 

Company G, Northampton — Captain, Marcus T. Moody; first lieu- 
tenant, William Bliss; second lieutenant, Edward Bridgman. 

Company H — Captain, Joseph L. Hayden of Williamsburg; first 
lieutenant, Joshua A. Loomis of Northampton; second lieutenant, 
Andrew L. Bush of Westfield. 

Company I, Springfield — Captain, Hugh Donnelly; first lieutenant, 
J. Milton Fuller; second lieutenant, Charles Phelps. 

Company K — Captain, Peter Dooley of Cheshire; first lieutenant, 
John B. Mulloy; second lieutenant, George B. Chandle}'-, both of 
Springfield. 

The men were armed wdth the Springfield rifled muskets on the 
3d of September and on the 7th took transportation for W^ashing- 
ton, which was reached late on the afternoon of the 9th. A com- 
bination of railroad accidents occurred just beyond Philadelphia, 
but fortunately resulted in no serious harm to the regiment beyond 
nearly a day's delay till another train could be provided. 

The Thirty-seventh w^ere assigned to General Henry S. Briggs's 
Brigade of Casey's Division of Reserves, forming a part of the de- 
fenders of Washington, and went into Cam}) Chase on Arlington 
Hights. The sojourn there was brief, for General McClellan, hav- 
ing fought the sanguinary battle of Antictam, called for reinforce- 
ments, and General Briggs was sent forward with all the troops 
available. Camp was broken September 30 and two days later the 
Thirty-seventh reached Frederick, Md., whence most of the regi- 
ments were assigned to brigades already in the field. Colonel 
Edwards was directed to rei)ort to General Charles Devens, com- 
manding the First Brigade of General Couch's Division of the 
Fourth Corps, serving, but not then incorjiorated, with the Sixth 
Corps. The regiment marched by easy stages to the camp near 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 565 

DownsviLle, "where on the 5th of October it joined the Seventh and 
Tenth Massachusetts, Second Rhode Island and Thirty-sixth New 
York Regiments, composing the brigade. On the 16th it shared in 
the expedition to Hancock, Md., designed to intercept General 
Stuart on his return from a 'raid into the loyal states, halted at 
Cherry Run Ford for a week, and finally returned to the old camp 
jiist in time to pack up and join the southward movement of the 
Army of the Potomac. The river was crossed at Berlin on the 3d 
of November, and a cold snow-storm on the 7th found the regiment 
at White Plains without tents or rations other than were furnished 
by a raid on a neighboring sheep pasture. 

Marching to New Baltimore on the 0th, intelligence was received 
of the removal of General McClellan and the promotion of General 
Burnside to the command — followed by a week of waiting for the 
development of the plans of the new commander. From the 16th 
to the 18th was occupied by the slow advance to Stafford Court 
House, and there in an unhealthful location the first Thanksgiving 
was passed, with appropriate exercises and the distributionof gifts 
from thoughtful friends in the Old Bay State. On the 4th of De- 
cember another slight advance was made, the Sixth Corps being 
moved to the left of the Federal line along the Ra])pahannock, the 
regiment finding very uncomfortable quarters on a hill where they 
went into camp during a severe storm and remained till the prepa- 
rations for the battle of Fredericksburg were completed, the loca- 
tion being known as " Camp Misery on Smoky Hill." 

The Thirty-seventh experienced their first battle at Fredericks- 
burg from the 11th to the 15th of December. Devens's Brigade 
was the first of Franklin's Left Grand Division to cross the river 
and the only one on the southern side the night of the 11th. The 
regiment led the way across the lower of the two bridges. General 
Devens riding at its head, and all through the sharp chill of the 
night the men stood to arms. During the four days which followed, 
though frequently under artillery fire, the loss of the Thirty-seventh 
was but one killed and one or two wounded. The brigade covered 
the retreat of Franklin's troops on the night of the 15th, and a few 
days later went into winter quarters some three miles east of Fal- 
mouth, the official designation being " Near White Oak Church." 
Lieutenant Colonel Goodrich resigned on the 16th of January, 1863, 
Major Montague and Captain Allen being promoted in order. 



566 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

The regiment had its share in the terrible discomforts of " Burn- 
side's Mud March," and after the command of the Army of the 
Potomac passed to Hooker, Colonel Edwards, owing to the ravages 
of disease, devised a new camp named " Camp Edwards," which 
was made one of the most perfect in the army, and in which the 
general health of the men rapidly improved. Assistant Surgeon 
Ellis died of disease at Newport, E.. I., on the 27th of March. 

Breaking camp on the 28th of April, the Thirty-seventh shared in 
the maneuverings of General Sedgwick's command, and in the 
charge and capture of ilarye's Hights on the morning of the 3d of 
May formed a part of the supporting line. Later in the day, in the 
sharp engagement at Salem Church, the regiment came upon the 
ground in a moment of extreme peril to the Union left flank. The 
right wing of the regiment supporting Williston's Battery, which 
had heroically planted itself in the path of the apparently triumph- 
ant Confederates, the left wing under Lieutenant Colonel Montague 
took position on an eminence somewhat to the left, where it flanked 
the assailants, and its sharp musketry fire in connection with the 
splendid service of the battery saved that portion of the field. Dur- 
ing the night and the following day the Thirty-seventh held the ex- 
posed angle of Sedgwick's line, two of its companies as skirmishers 
repelling several attempted advances of the enemy, and covering the 
retreat of the corps at dusk with marked ability. The loss of the 
command was about 25 wounded — two mortally. 

The former camp was re-occupied till the beginning of Lee's north- 
ward movement a few weeks later, when part was taken in the dem- 
onstrations across the Ra])pahannock, from the 4th to the 14th of 
June. During that time there was constant skirmishing and detail 
duty, and at its close a rapid march to Fairfax Court House. In 
that vicinity a halt was made till the morning of the 2Gth, when 
the northward march was begun which ended on the battle-field of 
Gettysburg on the afternoon of July 2. 

Forming part of the first supporting line at the left of the field, 
after the re-establishment of the Third and Fifth Corps near Little 
Round Top, the regiment laid on its arms that night, and next day 
was moved back and forth from point to point as the exigencies of 
the battle required, often at a double-quick, regardless of the terrible 
heat, taking position in the front line after the repulse of Lee's last 
attack. At the opening of the cannonade which preceded the final 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 567 

assault the brigade was moving toward the Round Tops, and had 
just entered the Taneytown road in rear of the Union left center. 
The Thirty-seventh led, and was in full range of the hostile bat- 
teries, which sent through its ranks a terrible fire. In a moment 
six men were killed or mortally hurt and 25 wounded, but sudden 
and severe as was the trial, not a man shrank, the conduct of the 
regiment being such as to win a warm compliment from the brigade 
commander — Colonel Eustis — as soon as shelter was reached. 

The roundabout pursuit of Lee's army toward the Potomac was 
shared by the Thirty-seventh, and something of their discomforts 
may be inferred from the fact that in toiling over the rough mountain 
roads in the storms which prevailed at that time no less than 180 
of them were entirely without shoes ! At Funkstown, when the 
two armies again confronted each other, the rifles of the Thirty- 
seventh were heard on the skirmish line, and when an advance 
showed that the foe had retired into Virginia the Union columns 
-countermarched and descended the river to Berlin, where they 
crossed on the 19th and advanced by easy stages to the vicinity of 
Warrenton, which was reached on the 25th. 

At midnight of July 30 an order was received for the comnumd 
to proceed at once to New York for duty on account of the draft 
troubles there. Cars were taken next morning at Warrenton Junc- 
tion and at noon of August 2 the regiment debarked in the vicinity 
of Castle Garden, proceeding at once to Fort Hamilton, where it en- 
camped. Colonel Edwards took command of the post, and the 
regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Montague won much praise for 
its excellence in drill, discipline and deportment — the qualities which 
had led to its detail for the duty. 

August 19 was the date fixed for the renewal of the draft, and 
the evening previous the regiment was ordered to the city and early 
next morning marched up to the Washington Parade Ground, 
whence Com})anies G and C were detailed for duty at the drafting 
rooms on Sixth Avenue. No disturbance occurred, and on the 
afternoon of the 21st the regiment was relieved and returned to its 
camp. It went again to the city on the 12th of September and en- 
camped on Columbia College grounds, remaining there and per- 
forming various duties till October 14, when it returned to the Army 
of the Potomac, rejoining the brigade on the battle-field of Chantilly 
three days later," where a fight was momentarily expected. 



568 3TASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Again Lee retired and Meade jjursned as far as Warrcnton, the 
Thirty-seventh going into camp till they were called forth on the 
7th of November to join in the successful movement against Rap- 
pahannock Station, where they Avere in support but not actively en- 
gaged. On the 11th the river was crossed and at Brandy Station, 
six miles beyond, an encampment followed till the 26th — Thanks- 
giving day in Massachusetts — when the Mine Run campaign began. 
In that dismal undertaking the Thirty-seventh had a full share. 
The morning of the 30th, when it was the purpose of General 
Meade to deliver his attack, found them in the front at the extreme 
left of the Union lines, and all day in the severe cold they remained 
under fire, losing a few wounded but suffering most from the biting 
weather. Withdrawing from this uncomfortable position, the regi- 
ment returned to its former camp at Brandy Station, where winter 
quarters were built. Major Allen having resigned on the 25tli of 
November, Captain Moody was promoted to the vacancy. A march 
to Madison Court House, in support of a cavalry demonstration, 
began on the 26th of February, 1864, and ended by the return to 
camp on the 2d of March, a cold, sleety storm having made the 
experience very tedious. 

The Thirty-seventh began the "Wilderness campaign" soon after 
midnight of the od of May, when tents were struck and the march 
commenced. Eustis's was one of the three brigades under General 
Getty detached from the Sixth Corps to operate on the Brock and 
Orange Plank roads, and the enemy was first encountered toward 
night of the 5th, when the regiment, though not closely engaged, 
lost a dozen killed and wounded. Its severest experience came on 
the following day, when the arrival of Longstreet with reinforce- 
ments for the Confederates resulted in the driving back of Wads- 
Avorth's Division. That officer, looking for some assistance in stem- 
ming the adverse tide, came upon Eustis's Brigade, Avhich was 
advancing in column of regiments, the Thirty-seventh in front. 
Colonel Edwards received from Wadsworth the order to charge 
the enemy, and at once put hig command in motion, making a mag- 
nilicent advance for some 900 yards, during which the regiment 
cleared everything before it until, being almost surrounded, it was 
obliged to halt and fight its way back. General Wadsworth, who 
had accompanied it on the charge, complimented its effective work 
and rode away, purposing to rejoin his division, butinstead received 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTn REGIMENT. 569 

his death-wound. The retreat of the regiment was even more re- 
markable than its advance had been. Loading as they fell back, 
one-half the men would halt and deliver their fire while their com- 
rades i)assed to the rear, and thus alternating they maintained a 
firm front till the line of the brigade was regained. The loss dur- 
ing the charge was 84 killed and more than a hundred wounded. 

Sharing the fortunes of the brigade through the remainder of the 
fight, but without being seriously engaged, the Thirty-seventh joined 
in the movement by the flank to Spottsylvania and in the support 
of Crawford's Division of the Fifth Corps in the fighting on the 
afternoon of the 8th. The regiment was in the front line that 
night, and next morning its skirmishers made a fine advance, jjiish- 
ing back the enemy till his main intrenched line was reached, when, 
not being supported, they were finally obliged to fall back. 

On the same day Colonel Edwards took command of the lirigade. 
General Eustis being transferred, and permanent command of the 
regiment was vested in Lieutenant Colonel Montague. The next 
and one of the sharpest trials of the organization was at the battle 
of "the Angle" on the morning of May 12, when it took position 
against the outer face of the works captured by Hancock's Corps 
and held them for nearly 24 hours despite the desperate efforts made 
for their recapture. During this time the men fired an average 
of 400 rounds, though there was a severe storm prevailing. At one 
time in the evening, when they had been relieved and fallen back a 
few paces because entirely out of ammunition, the relieving regi- 
ment broke and huddled to the rear with the cry that the Confeder- 
ates were in the works. The Thirty-seventh were instantly awakened 
from the slee]) of exhaustion into which they had fallen, advanced 
to Ihe works and held them with the bayonet till a fresh supply of 
cartridges came up ; the firing was then resumed and continued till 
near morning, when the enemy were found to have fallen back. The 
loss to the regiment had been about 15 killed and 50 wounded, 
among the latter being Lieutenant Colonel Montague, Major Moody, 
Captain Pease and Second Lieutenants- George E. Cooke of Amherst 
and Joseph Follansbee of Springfield — the three last named mortally. 

Then followed the operations by the left flank, the Union com- 
manders spending several days in the attempt to find an unguarded 
point on the Confederate right; but when these efforts were seen to 
be futile another attempt was made to break through in the vicinity 



570 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of the Angle, and in the attack there on the morning of the 18th 
the Thirty-seventh had the satisfaction of penetrating the hostile 
works almost to the muzzles of the batteries, holding on desperately 
for a time exposed in front and flank to a murderous fire, but obliged 
eventually to retire owing to the general failure of the attack, — a 
very trying movement, Avhich was executed in a most creditable 
manner under the lead of Lieutenant Colonel Harlow of the Seventh 
Massachusetts, who had been appointed to the temporary command 
of the Thirtj'-seventh owing to the many casualties among its own 
officers. The loss was 20 in killed and wounded. 

Then followed a return to the left and renewed hostilities in that 
quarter, the movement to the North Anna on the 21st, the skirmish- 
ing there and the continuation of the movement to Cold Harbor, 
Edwards's command taking part in a reconnaissance to Peake's Sta- 
tion on the 30th, where a skirmish resulted, showing the Confederates 
in force, and on retiring the brigade covered the retreat, exchanging 
more or less compliments with the southern horsemen. In all these 
minor experiences the Thirty-seventh had a full share, and ever with 
credit. On the 1st of June they marched to Cold Harbor in season 
to protect the endangered federal left flank, losing a few men and 
more heavily on the 3d, though not closely engaged. While this 
ended the battle, properly speaking, the two armies confronted each 
other at close quarters till the 12th, the Thirty-seventh being much 
of the time in the advance line where the sharp-shooting was very 
deadly, and continually losing men, their entire list of casualties 
during the time being some 35. 

The movement to the south of the James river began on the 12th, 
and the day previous Lieutenant Colonel IMontague returned to duty, 
relieving Lieutenant Colonel Harlow ; but he was obliged to return 
to hospital and the command of the regiment for some weeks de- 
volved on Captain J. A. Loomis. The lines in front of Petersburg 
were reached on the evening of the 17th, and the next day the 
Tliirty-seventh shared in the battle, losing four men killed and 
several wounded. By this time the term of service of the other 
regiments of the brigade had expired, and all had departed for 
home, the re-enlisted veterans and the recruits remaining to com- 
plete their tei'ms of service — those of the Second Rhode Island 
being formed into a battalion and those of the Seventh and Tenth 
Massachusetts continuing with the Thirty-seventh, at first as de- 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 571 

tachments but three months later being distributed among the dif- 
ferent compa'nics of the regiment. The brigade, therefore, for a 
time consisted only of the Thirty-seventh and the attachments — a 
total of scarcely 500 men and oflicers. 

During the days which followed there was almost incessant skir- 
mishing and exposure; on the 22d the brigade took position on the 
extreme left of the Sixth Corps, which had been established along 
the Jerusalem Plank road, remaining there till the 29th, avIicu llic 
corps marched to Reams Station to the relief of General Wilson's 
cavalry, — a trying but bloodless expedition, from which they re- 
turned on the 2d of July. On the 6th the brigade was discontinued 
and a new one formed, under Colonel Edwards, consisting of the 
remains of his former command, with the Fifth "Wisconsin, Twenty- 
third, Forty-ninth, Eighty-second and One Hundred and Nineteenth 
Pennsylvania Regiments. This was made the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Sixth Corps, and members of the regiment who had suc- 
cessively worn the blue and the white Greek crosses now donned 
the rod as their distinguished badge. 

Three days later the First and Second Divisions of the corps were 
ordered to Washington to meet the Maryland raid of General Early, 
— the Third Division having been already sent on by way of Balti- 
more and defeated at the battle of the Monocacy. The Thirt}'- 
seventh took transport to Washington, which was reached about 
noon of the 12th. Marching at once to Fort Stevens, some part 
was had that afternoon in the engagement with Early's advance, and 
next morning the pursuit of his retreating forces was taken up. 
The day following the regiment was armed with the Spencer re- 
peating rifles, being the first in the Sixth Corps to receive that then 
remarkable weapon.- On the 18th the enemy was overtaken at 
Snicker's Ferry on the Shenandoah river, and an attack by a divis- 
ion of the Eighth Corps was repulsed. Details from the Thirty- 
seventh went on picket along the river after the fight, and in the 
picket fire of the next day proved the power of the new weapons. 

On the morning of the 20th the regiment led the crossing of the 
river, only to find that Early had retreated, and that night General 
Wright started with his corps for the defenses of Washington, to 
which he made a sharp march ; but he had scarcely arrived there 
when further intelligence caused him to march toward Harper's 
Ferry on the 2Gth. That point being reached by great exertion — 



572 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the severely hot weather being intensified by a drought which had 
prevailed since the first of June — the corps was united with Crook's 
command a few miles beyond, — which had scarcely been done when 
the intelligence of McCausland's raid drew from General Halleck 
at Washington an order for their immediate return to Frederick, 
which was obeyed though causing great suffering to the men. 

In that vicinity the regiment remained till the 6th of August, 
when, General Sheridan having been put in command of the de- 
partment, the corps was ordered across the Potomac to more active 
operations. The result was a parallel race up the Shenandoah 
Valley by the two armies. Early finally taking post in a strong 
position near Cedar Creek. After a few days of skirmishing Sheri- 
dan decided to fall back to his former position near Charlestown ; 
Early promptly followed. In these maneuverings the Thirty- 
seventh had its full share of hardships and exposure, and on the 
morning of the 21st it rendered notable service in repelling an at- 
tack by the enemy on the skirmish line. An alarm being sounded 
the regiment was ordered to the front, deployed along a sunken 
road, and made so strong a resistance with the Spencer rifle that 
the Confederates withdrew and did not renew the attempt on that 
part of the Union Line. The loss of the regiment was five killed 
and 15 wounded. 

Following this experience no event of moment occurred until the 
battle of the Opequan, in which the Thirty-seventh rendered excellent 
service and won high commendation. At the opening of the battle 
Russell's Division, of which it formed a part, was in reserve ; but 
when, after the first advance of the Federal troops, their line was 
broken at the junction of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps, the re- 
serves were brought into action. Colonel Edwards, with quick 
military intuition, had early ordered the Thirty-seventh to the right, 
where it occupied a ravine in front of Stevens's Fifth Maine Bat- 
tery. A Confederate l)rigade was soon discovered making for the 
battery and Lieutenant Colonel Montague quickly prepared his com- 
mand for a vigorous counter-charge. This was successfully exe- 
cuted, the Spencer rifles sweeping everything before them, the colors 
of the Second Virginia Regiment and many prisoners being capt- 
ured. The pursuit was kept up for half a mile, and a halt made 
far in advance of any other Union troops, near a rebel battery, 
which was soon silenced and driven away by the sharp firing of a 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 573 

detachment from the regiment. While bringing up troops to the 
support of this position General David A. Russell was killed. The 
regiment had by a change of direction been entirely separated from 
the rest of the brigade, and fought for some time as an indei)cndent 
command, making another dash to the front and cutting off .the line 
of retreat in use by some of the Confederates as their lines were 
crumbled further to the right, and being led far forward by the 
gallant General Upton, who was severely wounded while galloping 
with the colors of the regiment toward the enemy. Although out 
of amnumition and far in advance of their supports, the Thirty- 
seventh still held on with the bayonet till other troops were ordered 
forward with cartridges, when they joined in the hnal decisive charge. 
The loss was heavy ; out of 296 enlisted men taken into action, 15 
Avere killed and seven officers and 72 men wounded, among the 
fatally hurt being First Lieutenant Charles S. Bard well of Whately. 

For his services that day Colonel Edwards received the brevet of 
brigadier general and was made commander of the post at Win- 
chester, the Thirty-seventh forming the provost guard, in which 
enviable but well-earned position they remained till the frost and 
storms of winter and the practical dispersion of Early's command 
])ut an end to military operations in the Valley. Major Moody hav- 
ing been discharged July 26 for disability. Captain Rufus P. Lincoln 
succeeded to the office. On the 13th of December the Thirty -seventh 
took cars for the Army of the Potomac, in front of Petersburg, by 
way of Washington, being the last regiment of the Sixth Corps to 
depart ; three days later they , rejoined the brigade — at the time 
commanded by General Isaac C. Bassett, going into camp in the 
vicinity of Fort Wadsworth on the Weldon Railroad. 

During the winter no events of great importance transpired, but 
there was an incessant round of dangerous and disagreeable duties. 
The regiment formed part of a supporting force sent out on the 
5th of February, 1865, to operate against the enemy's right Hank 
at Hatcher's Run, and for two days there was skirmishing and 
fortifying during one of the severest storms of winter; when, with 
the loss of a few men wounded and the rest nearly frozen, the com- 
mand returned to camp. Lieutenant Colonel Montague resigned on 
the od of March, Major Lincoln and Captain Mason W. Tyler were 
each advanced a grade, the command of the regiment being taken 
by the latter, the former being absent on staff duty. 



674 MASSACHUSETTS AV THE WAR. 

The assault on Fort Stedmaii on the morning of March 25, 1865, 
called the Thirty-seventh with other troops of the Sixth Corps 
toward the scene, but when it was found that their services would 
not be needed in repelling the assault. General Wright made a 
counter attack on the Confederate works in front of Fort Fisher, 
capturing the intrenched picket line, in holding which against re- 
peated efforts for its recapture the Thirty-seventh rendered import- 
ant service. Among the few wounded that day was Major Tyler, 
and the commander of the regiment from that date till the sur- 
render of General Lee was Captain Hopkins. 

In the attack on the defenses of Petersburg, in the morning of 
April 2, the skirmish line was composed of 75 picked men and vol- 
unteers from the regiment under Captain John C. Robinson, formed 
alternately with the brigade pioneers commanded by Lieutenant 
David M. Donaldson, armed only with axes for cutting through the 
abatis, while the rest of the command was in the front line of the 
assaulting column. The line of battle reached the abatis almost 
as soon as the pioneers, sweeping through and over it, the objective 
of the Thirty-seventh being a three-gun fort. This with a stand 
of colors was captured after a sharp struggle, the loss of the regi- 
ment being three killed and 32 wounded. Other important service 
was rendered during the day, including the silencing of a battery 
by a detail of two companies in the afternoon. 

That evening when the Union lines halted near Petersburg Gen- 
eral Edwards was made officer of the day, and his skirmishers were 
largely from the Thirty-seventh. Before daylight next morning 
he advanced with them to the city, the evacuation of which by Gen- 
eral Lee had just Ijeen completed, and received from the officials a 
formal surrender. The Thirty-seventh Regiment alone of the Sixth 
Corps entered the city to preserve order till it could be garrisoned 
by the Ninth Corps, and then the pursuit of the retreating Confed- 
erates was taken up. Within 75 hours over 70 miles were marched, 
and on the afternoon of the 6th, after making several miles on the 
double-quick, the regiment took an important part in the severe en- 
gagement at Sailor's Creek which resulted in the destruction of 
Lee's rear guard under General Ewell. 

At the opening of the engagement the division — commanded by 
General Wheaton — advanced up a broken and bush-covered slope 
till it encountered the Confederate line, when a heavy fire at short 



THE THIRTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 575 

range was received and the Union troops, with the exception of the 
Thirty-seventh, fell back. That organization stood its ground, and 
aided by the Spencer rifie drove out the forces in its front and pur- 
sued them some distance. It then dispersed another body moving 
past its fiank, when it was almost at the same moment attacked 
fi-om the rear by General Custis Lee's Brigade and a terribly ob- 
stinate contest at close quarters followed. Finally the assailants 
were driven back into a ravine from v.liich they had emerged to the 
attack and forced to surrender, General Custis Lee and more than 
their own number being captured by the Thirty-seventh. The loss 
of the regiment was nine killed and 31 wounded out of some 200 
taken into action. Captain Hopkins, who had received the brevet 
of major for his part in the fall of Petersburg, was now brevetted 
lieutenant colonel. 

This was the last engagement in which the regiment took part. 
It followed Lee to Appomattox, retraced its steps to Burke.sville 
Avhere it remained for ten days, thence went to Danville, where the 
news of General Johnston's surrender was received, and passed the 
early part of May guarding the Southside Railroad. The Sixth 
Corps was reviewed in Richmond May 24, marching thence to Hall's 
Hill, a few miles across the Potomac from Washington, and on the 
8th of June was reviewed in the national capital, the Thirty-seventh 
under Major Tyler having 300 members present. 

The re-enlisted men and some of the officers were transferred to 
the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment on the 21st of June, while 
the remainder of the regiment was mustered out of the United 
States service. Next morning it set out for home, going by way 
of New York, Hudson, Pittsfield, Springfield and Boston to the 
camp at Readville, whence on the 2d of July, having been paid and 
discharged by the state, the veteran band bade adieu to soldier life. 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 



THE Thirtj'-eighth Eegiment was recruited from various towns 
near Boston and in Plymouth county. Companies A, B and 
F gathered at Camp Day in North Cambridge, while the 
other seven companies rendezvoused at Camp Stanton, Lynnfield, 
under command of Major D. K. Wardwell. The latter were mus- 
tered August 20-22, 1862, while the Cambridge companies were 
sworn in by detachments at various times during July and August, 
a few recruits being added later. The roster of officers at the time * 
the regiment left Massachusetts follows : — 

Colonel, Timothy Ingraham of New Bedford; lieutenant colonel, 
David K. Ward well of Boston; major, "William L. Kodman of New 
Bedford; surgeon, Samuel C. Hartwell of Southbridge; assistant sur- 
geons, Edwin F. Ward of Enfield and George F. Thompson of Belcher- 
town; adjutant, Frank W\ Loring of Boston; quartermaster, Elijah 
Swift of Falmouth; sergeant major, Timothy Ingraham, Jr., of New 
Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, Wilham A. Eichardson of Newton; 
commissary sergeant, Israel B. Nelson of Cambridge ; hospital stew- 
ard, Amasa D. Ward of Worcester; principal musicians, Charles Mon- 
roe of Cambridge and Albert T. Finney of Plymouth. 

Company A, Cambridgeport — Captain, James P. Eichardson; first 
lieutenant, Arthur Hodges; second heutenant, William H. Jewell. 

Company B, East Camljridge— Captain, J. Henry Wyman ; first 
lieutenant, Frank N. Scott; second lieutenant, George H. Bennett. 

Company C, Abington— Captain, Charles F. Allen; first lieutenant, 
Timothy Eeed; second lieutenant, Francis A. Nash. 

Company 1) — First lieutenant, Cephas Washburn of Kingston; 
second lieutenant, Albert Mason of Plymouth. 

Company E, Lynn — Captain John E. Smith; first lieutenant, Eben 
Parsons, Jr. ; second licu,tenant, Vivian K. Spear. 

Company F, Cambridge— Captain, Taylor P. Eundlett; first lieu- 
tenant, Jose])h A. Ilildreth; second lieutenant, Edward C. Dyke. 

Company G, Plymouth— Captain, Charles C. Doten; second lieu- 
tenant, Georce B. Eussell. 

Company ir—Cai)tain, Thomas E. Eodman of New Bedford; first 
lieutenant, Julius M. Lathrop of Dcdham; second lieutenant, Charles 
C. Howland of Boston, 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 577 

Compuny I — Cii})tain, James II. Wude of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Osgood W. Waitt of Maiden. 

Company K — Captain, James H. Slade; first lieutenant, Samuel 
Gault, l)()tliof Boston; second lieutenant, George T. ]\Iartin of Melrose. 

The vacant line offices "U'cre filled by promotions dating* from 
November 1, Lieutenant Reed becoming captain of Company 1), 
Sergeant Major Ingraham advancing to second lieutenant and being 
succeeded by Frederick Holmes of Plymouth. 

Marching orders came for the 2Gth of August, -when the Lynn- 
ficld companies formed regimental line, having been fully equipped 
and armed with the Enfield rifle, went by rail to Boston and took 
cars for New London via Worcester, under command of Lieutenant 
Colonel Wardwell. The other companies also came to Boston, but 
not till the main body had left the city, when they took a special 
train and overtook the others at New London. From there the 
command went to Jersey City by steamer, thence to Philadelphia 
■by two trains, enjoying the hospitality of the Quaker City and about 
midnight setting out for Baltimore. The ]\ronumental City was 
reached the next forenoon, and after dinner at the L'niun Ilelief 
Eooms the regiment marched to Camp Belger in Druid Hill Park. 
There a day or two later the Cambridge companies were armed and 
equipped, and on the 3d of September Colonel Ingraham arrived 
and assumed command; as both he and the second in command 
were experienced soldiers the regiment made rapid progress in drill 
and discipline. On the 9th the Thirty-eighth were ordered to take 
a position on the Liberty or Frederick road, some seven miles from 
Baltimore, near the village of Powhattan, to guard against attack 
on the city by General Lee's Confederate army, then in the state. 
That place was reached late in the evening, and next day Camp 
Cram was laid out and occupied, the regiment remaining there somg 
five weeks, and a brass-band being organized from musicians in the 
command. 

Marching orders were received on the 11th of October, and next 
day the regiment returned to Baltimore and took cars for Chambers- 
burg, being called out on account of the raid of Stuart's cavalry 
around the rear of McClellan's army ; but the train had hardly 
started when it was called back, the troops debarked and were 
quartered in convenient buildings during the night. Next morning 
the Thirty-eight marched to a pleasant location on the southwest 



578 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

outskirts of the city, designated as Camp Emory, where they were 
attached to one of the brigades of General Emory's command. This 
position was occupied till November 9, Colonel Intrraham acting as 
brigadier much of the time. By this time the first severe snow- 
storm had occurred, and the order which came on that day to em- 
bark on ocean transports was welcomed by the men. On the 10th 
the regiment was taken down Chesapeake Bay in small craft and 
transferred to the Baltic, General Emory's flag-ship, sailing to 
Hampton Roads where the vessel anchored. With brief trips 
ashore for musket practice and drill, the regiment remained on 
shipboa;rd till the 8th of December. During this time Lieutenant 
Colonel Wardwcll resigned, dating-from December 3; Major Rod- 
man and Captain Richardson being advanced in due order. 

The fleet bearing the division began to weigh anchor in the morn- 
ing of the 8th, and that afternoon the Baltic sailed, in the rear of 
the squadron. Ship Island was reached on the 13th, en route to 
New Orleans ; but as the Baltic was of too heavy draft to enter the 
Mississippi river, the Thirty-eighth debarked and waited on the un- 
inviting spot for the return of some of the lighter craft. Christ- 
mas passed, and it was not till the 28th that the Northern Light 
appeared to take the regiment on its way. It sailed the 30th, 
reached New Orleans the following day, and on New Year's day 
went up the river to Carrollton, where the regiment went ashore. 
Some changes in the assignment of regiments to brigades occurred 
at first but the Thirty-eighth soon Ijecame part of the Third Brigade, 
Third Division, Nineteenth Corps, the other regiments of the bri- 
gade being the Thirty-first and Fifty-third Massachusetts, One Hun- 
dred and Fifty-sixth and One Hundred and Seventy-fifth New York. 
Colonel Gooding of the Thirty-first commanded the brigade and 
(ieneral Emory the division. Colonel Ingraham was about this time 
appointed to the command of the First Brigade, same division, and 
did not return to the regiment for duty. 

The regiment took part in its first expedition February 11, 1868, 
when it went aboard the steamer ^Morning Light and ascended the 
river to Plaquemine, where a landing was made and the troops 
waited till the 19th, anticipating an expedition up the Bayou Pla- 
quemine. A reconnaissance showing that the stream was thoroughly 
obstructed, the regiment re-embarked on the transport and returned 
to Camp Kearny, where it remained till the 6th of March, the men 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 579 

suffering much from disease. Camp was broken during a heavy- 
rain storm, and at noon of the 7th the command embarked on the 
St. Mary's, reaching Baton Rouge next morning and being quar- 
tered in the theater. After reviews and other jjreparations, line was 
formed late in the afternoon of the loth and the Thirty-eighth 
joined the force demonstrating against Port Hudson in conjunction 
with the attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the Ijatteries with 
a portion of his fleet. The column moved slowly till midnight, 
and resumed the march next day; but on th^ morning of the 15th 
information was received that the naval puipose had been accom- 
plished. After some marching back and forth in the mud, the 
regiment returned to Baton Rouge on the 20th, encamping in a 
magnolia grove for a few days, then moving to a swampy locality 
on the Perkins road where it remained till the 1st of April, 

Going by transport to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, the regi- 
ment encamped till the 9th, when it took cars to Brashear City, 
joining an expedition which was being organized to drive away the 
Confederate force threatening Xcw Orleans and the vicinity, strik- 
ing thence to the Red river and clearing the way for the intended 
operations against Port Hudson. The regiment at once crossed the 
Atchafalaya river to Berwick City, where it encamped till the lltli, 
when the movement of the column began. The enemy's outposts 
were encountered some miles in front of Fort Bisland on the 12th, 
and were pressed back near to their works, when the skirmishing 
ended for the day. The brigade took position in front of the enemy 
early the following day, and about noon the Thirty-eight relieved 
the Thirty-first on the skirmish line, advancing close to the enemy's 
batteries and doing good service with their ritles, though suffering 
from the return fire. Their ammunition being exhausted, they were 
relieved and withdrew a short distc.nce, having lost six killed and 29 
wounded ; among the former Captain Samuel Gault of Company A. 

The morning of the 14th found the Confederate works deserted, 
and pursuit was at once made, in the hope of capturing the entire 
force ; but (icneral Taylor had evaded the troops under General 
Grover, and the movement of the Union column continued till the 
Red river was reached. With one day's rest while a bridge was 
being built over Vermilion Bayou, the regiment inarched till the 
afternoon of the 20th, when it halted at Opelousas, remaining there 
till the otli of May when it set out for Alexandria, which it entered 



580 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

with flag's flying- and ])ands playing, the town having already been 
taken possession of by United States naval forces. 

The regiment remained in camp near that place till the 15tb, 
when marching orders came, and soon after daybreak the road was 
taken, three days' marching bringing the command to Simmsport 
on the Atchafalaya. The troops were ferried across that river on 
the 19th, and two days later set forth for Port Hudson, reaching 
the Mississippi at Morganza Bend on the afternoon of the 22d. 
Transports were there waiting, on which the soldiers were taken to 
Bayou Sara, landing some ten miles above Port Hudson. A heavy 
storm just as the troops landed made the subsequent marching 
very difficult, but during the 23d the division reached its assigned 
position in front of the stronghold, completing the investment. 
After resting a day, the Thirty-eighth were detached to Sandy 
Creek, on the right, to support a battery, and several of the com- 
pany were deployed as skirmishers, exchanging shots with the foe 
across the creek and having two men killed and two wounded. 

Remaining in that vicinity till the morning of the 27th, when 
the general assault was to be made upon the Confederate works, the 
regiment started to rejoin its brigade, but before reaching it was 
directed by General Paine to support Duryea's Battery. This it 
did till about 10 o'clock, when it joined in the assault, advancing 
by the flank owing to the difficult nature of the ground, and was 
within four or five hundred feet of the intrenchments when the 
column was ordered to halt and lie down, obtaining such cover as 
was possiljle fi'om the fierce fire of the enemy. Unable to advance 
or retreat, the regiment i-emained there during the rest of the day, 
returning the Confederate lire with some effect and suffering com- 
paratively few casualties, the total loss being but three killed and 
14 wounded. That loss however, included the gallant commander 
of the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Rodman, who on rising to give 
an order was instantly killed by a sharp-shooter, the command de- 
volving ui)on Captain Wyman. Major Richardson, absent from ill- 
ness, returned on the 30th, and was promoted to fill the vacancy. 

During the truce of the following day the regiment remained at 
llie front, aiid for 24 bours after the resumption of hostilities, when 
it was relieved and went back into tbe woods for a brief rest. But 
after one day's res])ite the Tliirty-eight moved back to their old 
position in the ravine, facing the intrenchments, where they i"e- 



THE THIUTY-EIGHTII REGIMENT. 581 

maincd for four days, havino- one man killed and one wounded hy 
the Confederate sharp-shooters while bringing rations from the rear 
to their comrades. On being again relieved the regiment was de- 
tailed as part of the column under General Paine to drive away a 
threatening force near Clinton, being absent four days. It then re- 
occupied its position in the woods, till the loth of June, when 
preparations wijre made for the second assault on the works, which 
had been jjlanned for the following morning. 

The column of attack was formed early in the night, the Thirty- 
eighth in the front of the division column, next to the skirmishers 
and special details. In the gray of morning the order to advance 
was given by General Paine, and the regiment bravely responded, 
j)ressing onward till it was inextricably mixed with other commands 
in the broken and difficult ground and further progress in the face 
of the murderous fire was impossible. Then came another in- 
terminable day of hugging the ground under fire from front and 
rear, the wounded suffering terribly for the care which it was im- 
p;)ssible to give them. General Paine himself lying disabled with a 
shattered leg and none being able to assist him till darkness covered 
the scene. Of 250 men taken into action, the Thirty-eight had lost 
more than a third; seven having l)een killed on the field, including 
Second Lieutenant Frederick Holmes of Company G, promoted 
from sergeant major, and 84 were wounded, 15 fatally. 

The regiment retired from the front about midnight, and for 
some days rested at the rear, after which it alternated between the 
two positions during the rest of the siege. Some of its members 
wei"e killed and wounded by the sharp-shooters, but no further en- 
gagement took place, and on the 9th of July Port Hudson sur- 
rendered. The Thirty-eighth was one of the two regiments from 
its division designated to occupy the works, but Ijefore the arrange- 
ments were completed the brigade was selected to relieve General 
Dudley's at Plains Store, a few miles in the rear, in consequence of 
which the regiment did not receive the honor intended for it. 

On the afternoon of the 11th the brigade was ordered to Baton 
Rouge, making an all-night march, and remained there till after- 
noon of the 15th, when with two other regiments it embarked on 
the steamer St. Charles for Donaldsonville, which the Confederate 
General Taylor, having collected the scattered fragments of his 
army, was now threatening. The fall of Port Hudson, however, 



582 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

and the prompt appearance of a considerable Union force, led him 
to retire, and on the 1st of August the Thirty-eighth returned to 
Baton Rouge bj the steamer North America, going into camp just 
outside the city, near the Asylum on the Highland road. On the 
8th of September the regiment moved into the camp vacated by the 
Forty-ninth Massachusetts, whose time had expired, rechristening 
it Camp William L. Rodman, and remaining there with no import- 
ant experience till the 10th of December, when it occupied Camp 
Banks, vacated by the Thirty-first Massachusetts. At this time 
Companies A and K were detailed for provost duty in the cit}^ I 
went to Plaquemine, to guard against guerrillas, a part of the men 
being mounted, and other details called for most of the available 
members of the regiment. During the winter the health of the com- 
mand was very good, though the weather was unusually cold, and 
there was no more exciting event in the vicinity than an occasional 
skirmish with guerrillas. 

A few recruits arrived on the 11th of March, 1864, previous to 
which a reorganization of the Nineteenth Corps had been made, 
placing the Thirty-eighth in the Third Brigade, Second Division, 
the other regiments of the brigade being the One Hundred and 
Twenty-eighth, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth, One Hundred and 
Seventy-fifth and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth New York. Gen- 
eral Banks was now preparing for the Red River expedition. Fort 
De Russy having been captured on the 14th by General A. J. Smith, 
and on the 23d the regiment embarked on the steamer Laurel Hill 
for Alexandria, passing Port Hudson that afternoon and debarking 
at the destination on the morning of the 25th. The expedition 
moved out toward Shreveport the 26th, leaving the Third Brigade 
as a garrison for Alexandria, which was to be the base of supplies. 

The regiment remained on this duty till the 12th of April, when 
tidings of disaster to the expedition began to be heard, and the 
Thirty-eighth, being detached from the garrison, marched out a few 
miles, embarked on the steamer Mittie Stevens, and began to as- 
cend the river. Soon after noon next day a band of guerrillas con- 
cealed on the shore ])Oured a volley into the steamer, killing a sick 
man lyiug in the cabin and wounding three others. Some conster- 
nation was produced, but the men soon obtained their weapons and 
returned the fire, the steamer quickly passing out of range. Land- 
ing at Grand Ecore that afternoon, the regiment was assigned to 



THE THIRTY-EIGnTU REGIMENT. 583 

the Second Brigade, Second Division, and at once joined in forti- 
fying the position, to which Banks's command had retreated. 

The Thirty-eighth remained in the front line, some two miles 
from the town, behind the strong intrenchments, till the 21st, Avhcn 
preparations for the retreat to Alexandria were completed. The 
sick were i)laced on transports, whatever stores could not be re- 
moved were destroyed, and at 5 o'clock the column, led by the 
Second Division of the Nineteenth Corps, started on its march 
tiirough the forest, covering 40 miles during the following night 
and day. On the morning of the 23d, while marching along the 
Cane river, the column was fired upon by Confederate artillery from 
a point in advance, and after some preliminary movements the 
Thirty-eighth with other troops, were sent across the river, deployed 
as skirmishers, and with a line of battle in support drove the op- 
posing force out of sight after a sharp little fight, in which the regi- 
ment lost Captain Julius M. Lathrop of Company I mortally wounded, 
four enlisted men killed or fatally hurt and six others wounded. 

Following this engagement the regiment was detailed to support 
a battery, and resumed the march as the rear of the column, except 
for a slight covering force of cavalry, which continually skirmished 
with the closely-pursuing enemy. Three days of hard marching 
brought the entire force safely to Alexandria, where the Thirty- 
eighth rejoined its brigade ; but the Union gun-boats were above 
the rapids, and it was not till the 9th of May that they could be got 
down. Preparations were then at once made for the evacuation of 
the town ; the soldiers who had worked incessantly to unload the 
transports now labored as severely to reload them, and on the 11th 
the regiment broke camp and began the march toward the Missis- 
si])pi, though the last of the army did not move till the 14th. 

During the nuirch which followed the enemy kei)t quite too near 
for comfort, and near evening of the 15th the Second Division went 
through the village of Marksville on the double quick to assist the 
cavalry, which was having the worst of a skirmish. The contest 
was resumed in the morning, the division advancing in line of bat- 
tle, though the fighting was principally confined to the artillery. 
Colonel Sharpe of the One Hundred and Fifty-sixth, who commanded 
the brigade, being absent, and Colonel Smith of the One Hundred 
and Twenty-eighth disabled, the command of the brigade devolved 
on Lieutenant Colonel Richardson and that of the re2:imcnt on 



584 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

Captain Wyman, both of whom won praise. The hostile lino being 
pressed back across the plains of Mansura did not offer further re- 
sistance in front, though some skirmishes took place at the rear. 

The Thirtj'-eighth crossed the Atchafalava on the 18th, and on 
the banks of that river with occasional changes of camp it remained 
till afternoon of the 20th, when it resumed the movement toward 
the Father of Waters. Morganza Bend was reached the following- 
day, the regiment going into camp on the sandy plain beside the 
river till the morning of the 30th. The Third Brigade with some 
other troops then joined in an expedition to the Atchafalaya river, 
being gone four days, but having no encounter more serious than 
an exchange of volleys with guerrillas. On tlie 19th of June the 
regiment went np the Mississippi to Fort Adams, where Inishwack- 
ers were giving some trouble, making head-quarters on the steamer 
Starlight and returning to Morganza two days later. 

This ended the active service of the regiment in Louisiana. It 
remained as quietly as possible in its sandy and terribly hot camp 
till the 3d of July, when very early in the morning the entire brigade 
went aboard the steamer City of Memphis and next day landed at 
Algiers, the regiment camping near the railroad. On the 20th the 
Thirty-eighth with some 200 men from other commands embarked 
on the steamer Karnack, where their position was very precarious, 
the craft being old and worthless, poorly manned, and the living 
cargo suffering for room, shelter and food. The sealed orders under 
which the vessel sailed directed it to Fortress Monroe, and fortu- 
nately the weather proved favorable, so that no disaster occurred. 
The destination was reached on the 28th, and the regiment was 
ordered to proceed without delay to Washington, where it arrived 
on the afternoon of the 29th, debarking the following morning at 
Arsenal Wliarf and marching through the city to Georgetown, 
finally making camp near Chain Bridge. 

The stay there was short, however, for the following afternoon 
the regiment marched back to Washington, took cars at the Balti- 
more and Ohio depot and the next day at noon reached the Monocacy 
Junction depot, going into camp in a grain field. Staying there till 
August 4, it ])roceeded by rail to Harper's Ferry, moving on the 6th 
to the fortifications near Ilalltown, where it was temporarily as- 
signed to the First Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, the 
brigade commanded by Colonel ^lacauley of the Eleventh Indiana. 



i 



THE rniRTY-EIGnTTI REGIMENT. 585 

The regiment was now a part of the Army of the Shenandoah inuler 
General Sheridan, and on the 10th the advance southward began, 
ending after three days' sharp marching with the army confronting 
the Confederates under General Early near Cedar Creek. On the 
night of the 16th the Union army began a retrogade movement, 
and on the evening of the 18th went into camp near Charlestown, 
the Thirty-eighth rejoining its own brigade on the 20th. 

With the rest of the army, ^he regiment was called to arms 
August 21 by an attack on the outposts, and that evening fell back 
to the stronger })osition near Halltown, which was further fortified, 
where the army remained till the 28th, awaiting an attack, which 
Early did not make. Then came an advance of the Union forces 
to Summit Point, a few miles beyond Charlestown, with skirmish- 
ing but no serious conflict. A movement was made to Berryville 
on the 3d of September, something of an engagement taking ])lace 
between the Union advance and the enemy; the Third Brigade 
forming line of battle on a ledge and lying there during the night. 
The contest not being renewed in the morning, the regiment was 
detached from the brigade and advanced some distance, where it 
soon constructed a strong line of works. This position, fronting 
Winchester, was held till the battle of the Opequan, the 19tli. 

Breaking camp before light that morning, the regiment with its 
corjjs followed the Sixth Corps to the battle-field, the Third Brigade 
forming the left of the front line of the Nineteenth Corps and con- 
necting with the Sixth. At the opening of the battle the brigade 
advanced rapidly, and owing to the conformation of the ground be- 
came separated from its connections, when the Confederates took 
advantage of the situation and by a sharp attack crumbled the 
brigade, including the Thirty-eighth, after a stubborn resistance. 
Colonel Sharpe and Lieutenant Colonel Richardson, commanding the 
brigade and the regiment respectively, were wounded and taken 
from the field, and Major Allen (recently promoted from captain) 
assisted by his few remaining officers rallied the command and re- 
turned with it to the front in time to take part in the final victorious 
charge of the entire Union army. The loss of the Thirty -eighth 
during the battle was eight killed, 38 wounded, several fatally, 
eight made prisoners and one missing. The colors were at one 
time in great danger of capture, but were saved through the bravery 
and coolness of the bearers and their iruard. 



586 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Bivouacking that night near Winchester, the regiment took part 
next day in the general advance, finding the Confederates in a 
strong position at Fisher's Hill, from which they were driven on 
the 22d by a flank movement of the Eighth Corps, supported by a 
charge of the rest of the army in front. In the pursuit the Thirty- 
eighth had one man killed by the fire of a party in ambush, and 
continuing the chase during the night reached Woodstock the fol- 
lowing morning. With little rest the movement continued till the 
25th, when Harrisonburg was reached and the tired brigade went 
into camp for four days. On the 29th a portion of the army went 
to Mount Crawford in support of a cavalry reconnaissance, the 
Thirty-eighth acting as flankers during the day and going on picket 
at night. Returning to Harrisonburg next day, the regiment re- 
mained there till October 6, then began the march down the Valley, 
and on the 10th halted at Cedar Creek, where the camp of the 
army was fortified to some extent. 

The critical battle of Cedar Creek occurred the 19tli. On that 
morning the Third Brigade was under orders to make a reconnais- 
sance, and daylight found it in line about to set forth, when the 
sound of the attack on the Eighth Corps sent it at once to the 
breastworks. But the attack did not come from the front, and the 
brigade, which formed the left of its corps, next to the Eighth, was 
soon involved by the victorious flank attack of the Confederates, 
and under a severe cross fire the line gave way, the brigade com- 
mander. Colonel Macauley, being severely wounded. The disorgan- 
ized forces were finally rallied, the Thirty-eighth taking a place in 
the second line, and when the Union advance was made, under the 
inspiration of Sheridan's presence, the regiment returned to the 
■camp which it had occupied the night before, though everything 
left there had been taken or destroyed by the Confederates during 
their temporary occupancy. Five of the regiment had been killed 
or mortally hurt, 14 wounded and some 35 captured. 

After a feint of following the retreating enemy which only took 
the regiment a few miles away, it returned to the old camp at Cedar 
Creek, where it remained till the 9th of November, when it marched 
to Camj) Russell, a ])oint on the Opequan creek between Kernstown 
and Winchester. Log huts had been built and it was supposed the 
winter would be passed there, when on the 20th of December the 
brigade was ordered to Winchester and the Thirty-eiuhth were do- 



THE TIIUITY-FAGIITH REGIMENT. 087 

tailed as provost guard. Their service in this capacity, however, 
was brief, for on the Gth of January, I8G0, the comfortable quar- 
ters in buildings near the Court House were vacated and the I'cgi- 
ment marched before daylight to Stephenson's Depot, the railroad 
terminus, a few miles from the city. There it was soon joined by 
the rest of the l)rigade under Lieutenant Colonel Richardson — the 
Thirty-eighth commanded by Major Allen, — all being packed on and 
in freight cars ; in which most uncomfortable position the whole divis- 
ion rode during the day and night, in a severe storm, to Baltimore. 

Reaching that city on the morning of the 7th, the regiment was 
quartered in the cavalry stables at Camj) Carroll till the 13th, when 
it marched through the city and Avith two other regiments of the 
brigade took passage on the steamer Oriental for Savannah, Ga. 
Stopping at Fortress Monroe for supplies, the steamer sailed thence 
on the loth, and four days later reached the mouth of the Savannah 
river, after a rough passage. There it waited till the 23d for a 
pilot to guide it through the partially removed obstructions and 
torpedoes, when it steamed up to the city and the following morning 
the regiment debarked. Sherman's army, which then occupied the 
city, was about departing on the march through the Carolinas, and 
after l)L'ing quartered in a vacant warehouse for a few days the 
Thirty -eighth encamped on the outskirts of the town at the edge of 
a swamp. 

The calls on the regiment for fatigue, patrol and picket duty were 
incessant till the 4th of March, when the brigade assembled, moved 
through the streets and the Thirty -eighth with two other regiments 
embarked on the steamer Ashland the following day. Sailing at 
once to Hilton Head, orders were received to report at "Wilmington, 
N. C, which had just been captured by General Terry, and sailing 
ou the 7th the Ashland reached that city on the 10th. On report- 
ing to General Terry, Lieutenant Colonel Richardson was directed 
to proceed with his command to Morehead City, and on reaching 
that point the following afternoon cars were taken for Newbern 
en route for Kinston, where General Slocum was being opposed 
by the Confederates, who hoped to defeat his army before the 
arrival of Sherman's. 

On reaching Newbern, however, it was learned that Slocum had 
proved victorious, and the service of the brigade not being needed 
it went into camp in the vicinity till the loth, M'hen it returned to 



588 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. 

Morehead City and encamped in a burying-ground. Morehead being 
the base of supplies for Sherman's army, the regiment found ample 
employ in unloading vessels, loading cars, and the other duties 
naturally falling to it ; which duties continued till the base of sup- 
plies was changed. On the 8th of April camp was broken and the 
Thirty -eighth with another regiment of its brigade took cars to 
Newbcrn and thence on to Goldsboro. which was reached next 
morning, and on the departure of Sherman's army the following 
day the regiment was assigned to duty in town, four companies as 
provost guard and the remainder in care of commissary stores and 
the like. This duty continued till the 1st of May, when the com- 
mand was relieved and on the 2d took cars to Morehead City, where 
on the 4th it embarked on the transport Thetis with another regi- 
ment and a cargo of horses. The voyage this time was by way of 
Hilton Head to Savannah, where on the 7th the regiment went into 
camp west of the city, taking the place of other troops in doing 
the light duties which were required of the military imder the able 
administration of affairs by General Grover. Major Allen was pro- 
vost marshal of the city, and the time passed very slowly during the 
long hot days while the regiment waited orders to proceed homeward. 
These came at last, and after considerable delay the rolls were 
prepared, the recruits were transferred to the Twenty-sixth Massa- 
chusetts, and then came another wait till transportation could be 
obtained. The small blockade-running .steamer Fairbanks was 
finally available, June 30, and the regiment went aboard, steaming 
slowly to Boston, which was reached late at night of the 6th of July. 
The soldiers were then ordered to Galloj)'s Island, where they were, 
quartered in the barracks till the 13th, when they were paid and 
mustered out. The regiment then i)rocceded in a body to Cam- 
bridge, where a rousing reception was tendered by the citizens, after 
which the members dispersed to their homes. 



THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 



T"^JI1*] Tliirty-iiiiitli Kegiment encamped at Lynniield, each of 
the companies Avith the exception of A and G being recruited 
from single towns and coming to camp in an advanced state 
of organization. Company D was the first to be mustered, at dif- 
ferent times during the month of July, 1862; from the 12th to the 
2oth of August seven others were ready for the mustering officer, 
and on the 2d of September G and H completed the list. Colonel 
Timothy Ingraham was at first designated to command the organiza- 
tion, iMit he was commissioned colonel of the Thirty-eighth and on 
the 1st of September Colonel Davis took command of the Thirty- 
ninth Regiment, which was transferred to Camp Stanton at Box- 
ford as soon as its quota was filled. There it remained for but a 
few days, setting out for Washington September 6, with the follow- 
ing roster of officers : — 

Colonel, P. Stearns Davis of Cambridge; lieutenant colonel, Charles 
L. Peirson of Salem; major, Henry M. Tremlett of Boston; surgeon, 
Calvin G. Page of Boston; assistant surgeons, James L. Chipman of 
Milford and Henry H. Mitcliellof East Bridgewater; chaplain, Edward 
Beecher French of Chatham; adjutant, Emery Washburn, Jr.; (|uar- 
termaster, Edward E. White, both of Cambridge; sergeant major, C. 
Henry Chapman of I^rovidence, K. I.; quartermaster sergeant, H. B. 
Lcigliton of Cambridge; hospital steward, Frederick Harvey of Dor- 
chester; })rincipal musician, George Mark of Quincy. 

Company A — (Captain, George S. Nelson; first lieutenant, Henry W. 
Moulton; second lieutenant, George H. Wiley, all of South Dan vers. 

Company B. Roxbury — Cajatain, William W. Graham; first lieuten- 
ant, William T. Spear; second lieutenant, Julius M. Swain. 

Company C, Mcdford — Captain, John Hutcbins; first lieutenant. 
Perry (Jolman; second lieutenant, Isaac F. R. Hosea. 

Company D. Quincy — Captain. EdAvard A. Spear; first lieutenant, 
William G. Sheen; second lieutenant, Charles H. Porter. 

Company E, Somerville — Cai)tain, Frederic R. Kinsley; first lieuten- 
ant, Joseph J. Giles; second lieutenant, Willard C. Kinsley. 



590 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

Company F, Taunton — Captain, Joseph J. Cooper; first lieutenant, 
Isaac D. Paul ; second lieutenant, John I). Eeed. 

Company G — Captain. Ezra J. Trull of Waxertown; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles W. Thompson of Boston; second lieutenant, C. Henry 
Chapman of Cambridge. 

Company H — Cajitam, Charles N. Hunt of Quincy: first lieutenant, 
Eobert Rhodes; second lieutenant, Robert Williams, both of Dor- 
chester. 

Company I, Natick — Captain, Ephraim H. Brigham; first lieuten- 
ant, Simon Mulligan; second lieutenant, "William H. Brown. 

Company K, Woburn — Captain, John I. Richardson; first lieuten- 
ant, Luke R. Tidd; second lieutenant, Luther F. Wyman. 

The regiment vrent by way of Boston, New York and Philadel- 
phia to Washington. While passing through Baltimore it was 
ordered by General W^ool to Ellicott's Mills, Md.,but as it was with- 
out camp equipage or transportation the order was countermanded, 
and the national capital was reached on the 8th of September. 
After passing one night in the city, the regiment crossed the 
Potomac Ijy Long Bridge and proceeded to Camp Chase, on Arling- 
ton Hights, where it formed part of a temporary brigade under Gen- 
eral Henry S. Briggs, the other regiments in the brigade being the 
Thirty-seventh Massachusetts, Tenth Vermont, Eleventh New 
Hampshire and Twenty-first Connecticut. 

After remaining there until the 12th, the regiment changed its 
camp to a piece of woods near Fort Tillinghast and took up the 
duty of picketing the section between that fortification and Fort 
Craig, the next fort in the chain. This assignment lasted but two 
days, when two regiments of the brigade, the Thirty-ninth and 
Tenth, with Battery J) of the First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, 
were ordered to Edwards Ferry on the Potomac to guard a 13-mile 
section of the river from Seneca Creek to Conrad's Ferry, the detail 
being under command of Colonel Davis. The Tenth halted at 
Seneca Creek while the Thirty-ninth and the battery proceeded to 
the Ferry where on the 17th they took ])Osition for the protection 
of the river. General George Stoneman soon after took command 
of the troops in that vicinity, returning Colonel Davis to the com- 
mand of his regiment, and in the routine duty of guarding the fords, 
the time passed till the 12th of October. On that day the regiment 
was concentrated at Conrad's Ferry in the hope of intercepting 
Stuart, whose cavalry column had been making a circuit in the rear 
of the Army of the Potomac, l)ut the daring leader with his brave 



THE TIIIRTY-NINTII BEGIMENT. 591 

detachment crossed the river at White's Ford, less than two miles 
above, and was safe on the Virginia side without a blow having 
been struck to check his successful retreat. The regiment was 
ordered October 14 to Seneca Creek, and three days after arriving 
there it became part of a brigade under command of General Cuvier 
Grover, comprising the Thirty-ninth, Tenth Vermont, Fourteenth 
New Hampshire and Twenty-third Maine Regiments, to which Com- 
pany F of the First Rhode Island Cavalry and a section of Battery 
D were temporarily attached. Colonel Davis with his command 
marched on the 20th to Muddy Branch, three miles south of the 
Creek, where the regiment remained for three weeks, furnishing 
a daily detail of 100 for picket duty. On the 11th of Xovember 
Colonel Davis took command of the brigade, and gathering the 
regiments scattered along the river marched to Offut's Cross Roads, 
within 16 miles of Washington, where on the 14th a camp of in- 
struction was formed and occupied till the 21st of December. Then 
the command by a single day's march returned to Poolesville, going 
into cami) near the village for winter quarters. Colonel Davis con- 
tinued in command of the brigade till the 5th of January, 1863, 
when it was ascertained that Colonel Jewett of the Tenth Vermont 
was the senior officer, and he took the command, Colonel Davis re- 
turning to his regiment. The winter camp was occupied till the 
middle of April, when the Thirty-ninth bade adieu to the brigade 
and marched for Washirgton. The capital was reached on the ITth, 
and there the regiment remained on guard and jiatrol duty, till after 
the battle of Gettysburg had been fought. 

Early in the evening of July 9 the regiment took cars for Point 
of Rocks, opposite Harper's Ferry, where \t arrived 24 hours after 
and at once climbed to Maryland Hights and bivouacked. A day 
or two later it was brigaded with the Eighth, Forty -sixth and Fifty- 
first Massachusetts — nine months' regiments whose enlistment had 
nearly or quite expired but who had volunteered their services 
to assist in driving the Confederate army from the loyal states. 
The brigade, which was commanded by General Henry S. Briggs, 
marched toward Funkstown. late in the evening of the 12th, where 
on the following day it joined the Army of the Potomac, confront- 
ing the Confederates under General Lee. It was attached as a 
provisional brigade to the Second Division, First Corps, General 
Robinson commanding the division and General Xewton the corps. 



592 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Next morning the Southern army "was found to have recrossed 
the Potomac, and after advancing to Williamsport the Union army 
began a parallel movement southward by way of Berlin, where it 
crossed the river, through White Plains, Warrenton and Bealton to 
Rappahannock Station, where the Thirty -ninth arrived on the 27th 
of July. The nine-months' regiments had now returned to Mas- 
sachusetts, and at Bealton the Thirty-ninth was attached to the 
First Brigade of the same division, its associate regiments being 
the Thirteenth Massachusetts, Sixteenth Maine, Ninety-fourth and 
One Hundred and Fourth New York and One Hundred and Seventh 
Pennsylvania. The command of the brigade was at that time held 
by Colonel Coulter of the Eleventh Pennsylvania, but passed at short 
intervals to General Briggs, Colonel Davis, Colonel T. F. McCoy 
of the One Hundred and Seventh, and Colonel Samuel H. Leonard 
of the Thirteenth, who held it during the autumn and winter. 

Buford's cavalry crossed the river August 1, the Thirty-ninth fol- 
lowing them across and intrenching on the south bank, where they 
remained for a week, returning to the north side on the 8th and 
encamping there till the 16th. They then moved to Stevensburg, 
halting for a week, marching thence to Raccoon Ford on the Rapi- 
dan, where with some changes of position they remained till the 
9th of October. Then the movement northward began, the regi- 
ment fording the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford on the 11th, cover- 
ing the crossing there for a day and then marching in haste to Cen- 
terville, which was reached at noon of the 14th. The two armies 
were now confronting each other on the old battle-fields in that 
vicinity, and that afternoon the Thirty-ninth moved out to Bull Run 
and went on picket. About noon of the next day the outposts were 
drawn in and the regiment marched to Cub Run, where before camp 
could be pitched it was ordered out to the support of the picket line. 
No engagement transpired, and after waiting for some days in hourly 
expectation of a battle the regiment on the 19th marched to Hay- 
market, near Thoroughfare Gap, and next day passed through the 
Gap, encamjjjng there till the 24th. By this time the Confederate 
,army had fallen back behind the Rappahannock and General Meade 
had moved his forces in that direction, leaving detachments to re- 
pair and guard the railroad by which su})plios for his army must 
be forwarded. The Thirty-ninth moved to Kettle Run October 24, 
where they were detailed to guard the railroad bridge, and remained 



THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 593 

till the -ith of November. The 8th found them again in the vicinity 
of Rappahannock Station, and next day they reached Licking Run, 
where they encamped till the 23d. 

The Mine Run campaign was then under consideration, and pre- 
liminary to that movement the regiment marched to Rappahannock 
Station once more, so that Avhen the Army of the Potomac set forth 
on Thanksgiving morning, the 26th, it was in its place in the First 
Corps. On the morning of the 28th the enemy were encountered 
near Mine Run, the regiment being on the right of its division, in 
the center of the line of battle, with two companies deployed as 
skirmishers. Its only loss was one man wounded on i)icket, though 
the command suffered much from the inclement weather during the 
four days that with slight changes of position it remained before the 
enemy in order of battle. Falling back with the army at night of 
December 1, the regiment reached Germania Ford that evening and 
.the following day its corps covered the crossing of the Fifth and 
Sixth Corps, after which it followed toward the old camps, the 
Thirty-ninth being the last regiment of the First Corps to recross 
the river, its left wing crossing in the ponton boats. Encamping 
on the 3d near Kelly's Ford, the regiment for a time occupied log 
cabins which the Confederates had erected some time previous for 
their own Avinter quarters ; but on the 24th it was advanced to 
Mitcheirs Station, the extreme southern outpost of the Army of 
the Potomac, where it constructed other quarters and remained till 
the opening of the spring campaign of 1864. 

In the consolidation of the Army of 'the Potomac to three corps, 
preliminary to that movement, the First Corps was one of those 
discontinued. General Robinson's Division being made the Second 
Division, Fifth Corps. The brigades Avere little changed in their 
make-up, the First being still commanded by Colonel Leonard, and 
in addition to the two Bay State regiments was composed of the 
Sixteenth Maine, One Hundred and Fourth New York, Ninetieth 
and One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania. The story of the 
breaking of camp and the march to the Wilderness battle-field on 
the 4th and 5th of May is similar to that of other regiments of the 
corps, which crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford. The brigade 
was in lead of the division on the 5th, and after passing most of 
the forenoon near the Lacy house was ordered at 1 o'clock to the 
support of General Griffin, who had attacked Ewell's advance on the 



504 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Orange tnrn|)ike, and had been repulsed. Tlie arrival of the Sec- 
ond Division, Fifth Corps, restored the line of battle and the enemy- 
were driven from that portion of the field, which remained debat- 
able ground until the end of the battle.. Position was then taken at 
the front and later in the afternoon the brigade made an assault on 
the enemy, but there was a failure of other troops to co-operate and 
no good results were accomplished, although the brigade suffered a 
loss of about 300 in killed, wounded and missing, of Avhich the 
regiment had two killed and 18 wounded. 

Colonel Peter Lyle of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania took command 
of the brigade on the 6th, Colonel Leonard being ill, and led it 
during the remainder of the campaign. It was relieved in the 
morning of the 6th and went to the rear, near the Lacy house, but 
in a short time was sent to the left to hold the Brock road, in con- 
tinuation of the Second Corps line, and formed part of the command 
of General Birney, where it intrenched and remained till the move- 
ment toward Spottsylvania began at night of .the 7th. General 
Cutler's Division, followed bj Robinson's, led the column, next to 
the cavalry, in this movement, and next morning as Spottsylvania 
Court House was approached the enemy's cavalry, artillery, and 
finally Anderson's (formerly Longstreet's) Corps disputed the ad- 
vance. The division was formed with Lyle's Brigade on the left 
of the road to the Court House in column of regiments, and ad- 
vanced against the Confederate position, but the intrenchments 
were too strong and too heavily manned, and after an ol)stinate 
contest, during which the J'hirty-ninth hung to the position close 
up to the enemy, the division was flanked and forced to fall back, 
the Maryland Brigade, which had been in reserve, checking the 
advance of the Confederates. General Robinson being severely 
wounded at this time, and General Baxter commanding a brigade 
having been wounded in the Wilderness, General H. H. Lockwood, 
who had just been assigned to duty with the Army of the Potomac, 
was placed in command of the division ; but two days later he Avas 
ordered to duty near Washington, when the division was broken 
up, one of its brigades being assigned to each of the other three 
divisions, the First Brigade being attached to the Fourth Division, 
of which General Cutler had succeeded to the command after the 
fatal wounding of General Wadsworth at the Wilderness. 

Another engagement in which the Fifth Corps took a })rominent 



THE THIRTT-NINTH REGIMENT. 595 

part occurred on the 10th, in which the Thirty-ninth suffered 
severely, lying in front of the works, exposed to a heavy fire, and 
taking' an active part in the assault. In the two engagements of 
the 8th and 10th at Laurel Hill the loss of the regiment reached 
135 in killed, wounded and missing, six being killed on the 8th and 
nine on the 10th. The first officer of the regiment to fall in action 
was First Lieutenant Isaac I). Paul, who was mortally wounded on 
the 8th and died soon after in the hands of the enemy, while Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Peirson was wounded on the 10th. There were a 
few casualties, one man being killed, on the 12th, in the assault upon 
the hostile lines, the Thirty-ninth being in support. After the re- 
pulse the regiment was moved to the left to maintain connection 
with the Sixth Corps, a part of which had been withdrawn to sup- 
port the Second Corps in its assault at the Angle. The next night 
the Fifth Corps moved around through the forest in a heavy rain 
to the L^nion left, and in that vicinity the Thirty-ninth remained, 
making demonstrations but not becoming engaged, till the move- 
ment toward the North* Anna on the 21st. When this movement 
began the pickets were necessarily left behind to conceal the al)- 
sence of the main body till it should be well on its way, and several 
members of the regiment were captured by the enemy in consequence. 

The North Anna was reached on the 23d, and during the after- 
noon was crossed at Jericho Ford without much opposition. Line 
of battle was formed half a mile from the river, but before all of 
Cutler's Division was in position the Confederates delivered an at- 
tack which was repulsed, the Thirty-ninth taking a share in the 
fighting, having one man killed and some wounded. Various 
changes "of position occurred during the three days Avhich followed, 
while the two armies confronted each other, and the regiment was 
for a portion of the time under fire ; but at night of the 26th the 
river was recrossed and the progress of the Union army to the left 
Avas continued. While across the North Anna the Thirty-ninth had 
been surprised and gratified to welcome back to duty those of their 
members who had hcQn made prisoners at Laurel Hill on the 8th, 
who with other Union prisoners of war had been recaptured by Gen- 
eral Sheridan's cavalry at Beaver Dam while en route for Richmond. 

During the next few days the regiment was continually on the 
march or the picket line, but not till the 30th at Bethesda Church 
did it again face the foe. There it took position, intrenched, and 



596 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

remained till the 5th of June, with ahnost daily skirmishing, but 
no general action and no fatal casualties to its members. The 
movement on the 5th was some miles to the rear and left, in prepa- 
ration for the crossing of the Chickahominy ; but before entering 
upon an undertaking of so vast proportions as the proposed trans- 
fer of the Army of the Potomac south of the James, General Grant 
allowed the weary troops a few days of very much needed rest, 
although the operations of the two armies in front of Cold Harbor 
were continually going on. Lieutenant Colonel Peirson returned 
to the regiment on the 10th, and at that time the Fifth Corps was 
again reorganized into four divisions, commanded' respectively by 
Generals Griffin, Ayers, Crawford and Cutler. Under this arrange- 
ment Colonel Lyle's command became the First Brigade, Third 
Division. While on the march on the 11th the Thirty-ninth Regi- 
ment was transferred to the Second Brigade, but within an hour 
was returned to the First, where it remained. 

During the 11th and 12th the Fifth Corps moved south to Long 
Bridge, where it crossed the Chickahominj*, and turned sharply to 
the west, moving in the direction of Richmond till the Confederate 
outposts were encountered near White Oak Swamp. The division 
then deployed covering the roads leading toward Richmond, so as 
to give the impression of a movement in force against the Southern 
capital from this direction, while in fact the Army of the Potomac, 
protected from observation, moved swiftly past on its way to the 
James river. The other corps being well out of the way. General 
Warren withdrew his command after dark of the loth and followed, 
crossing the James at Wilcox Landing on the morning of the 16th, 
and after an all-night march reached the scene of action in front of 
Petersburg on the morning of the 17th. That day was consumed 
in getting the corps into the best position for the active work con- 
templated, and the regiment passed the night in a ravine well up 
toward the enemy's outposts, where several members were wounded 
and one was killed by musketry. Next morning an advance of the 
corps pressed the Confederates back across the Norfolk and Peters- 
burg Railroad to their inner line of works; but the contemitlated 
assault on these was given up, and the Thirty-ninth, taking position 
near the Marshall house, and establishing their picket line at a 
point afterward known as the Crater, sheltered themselves with 
a stronti" line of earthworks. 



THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 597 

The regiment remained here till the 24th, meeting almost daily- 
losses from sharp-shooters, so that when the movement to the rear 
and left was made the list of casualties since reaching Petersburg 
amounted to five killed and a large number wounded. The next 
location was in the neighborhood of the Jerusalem Plank Road at the 
left of the Union line, and in that vicinity the command remained for 
several weeks. It was strengthened in numbers on the 25th of June 
by the transfer from the Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment, whose 
term of service was about expiring, of 241 veterans and recruits, 125 
of whom were present for duty, and on the 13th of July 103 were 
in like manner transferred from the Thirteenth Massachusetts. 

A sad loss came to the regiment on the 11th of July, when a 
shell from the Confederate Fort Mahone, better known as Fort 
Damnation, exploded in the regimental head-quarters, mortally 
wounding Colonel Davis, who died before he could be taken to the 
hospital. "A pure patriot, a brave and faithful soldier, none more 
respected among his fellows," was the testimony of one who knew 
him intimately in the camp and field. The day following his death 
the regiment moved into a large earthwork on the west side of the 
Jerusalem Plank Road, a third of a mile south of Fort Sedgwick, 
which was named Fort Davis in his honor, and remained there for 
a month, strengthening the works and picketing the front. It was 
relieved August 15 by colored troops of the Ninth Corps nnd moved 
to the rear, preparatory to the demonstration against the Weldon 
Railroad which was to result so disastrously to the Thirty-ninth. 

The movement began on the morning of the 18th and the rail- 
road was reached at 9.30 o'clock by Griffin's Division, followed by 
Ayres's. These two divisions were in advance of Crawford's, Cut- 
ler's following, and while they were engaged in the destruction of 
the railroad the latter formed on the right of Ayers's Division, with 
which Lyle's Brigade connected. Soon after the corps was in posi- 
tion General Heth of the Confederate army attacked Aycrs and 
Lyle with great energy, and both were forced back temporarily, 
though the ground was recovered and the assailants were finally 
repulsed with heavy loss. The Thirty-ninth had six killed, some 
made prisoners, and many wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel 
Peirson very severely, — the regiment being left in command of 
Captain F. R. Kinsley. First Lieutenant Spear was mortally 
wounded. The position occupied was intrenched during the night, 



598 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. 

and as anticipated a more determined rebel attack was made the 
following day. The advances in front of the Thirty-ninth were 
repelled, but late in the afternoon General Mahone brolie through 
the Union skirmish line to the right of Crawford's Division and 
secured a position on the flank and in the rear of Lyle's Brigade. 
The latter, driven from their works by the artillery fire from the 
Union batteries, could only run into the enveloping lines of Confed- 
erates to be made prisoners. Thus the brigade was almost de- 
stroyed, and the division was heavily depleted, the loss of Crawford 
in the engagement being over 1,800. The loss of the Thirty-ninth 
in killed was only four, but during the two days its wounded num- 
bered 32 and the missing 245. Among the captured on the 19th 
was Captain Kinsley, leaving the command of the remnant of the 
regiment to Captain Nelson. 

The Union troops were rallied and the lost ground regained, but 
next day the Thirty-ninth were withdrawn from the woods where they 
had fought so heroically, and with other troops formed a line in the 
open field at the rear, which was intrenched and held, none of the 
assaults made on this position by the rebels during the 21st meet- 
ing with success or causing further loss to the regiment. The Con- 
federates then relinquished the effort to regain possession of the 
Weldon Railroad, and the Federals proceeded to fortify the vicinity 
so that any further attempts to dislodge them would have been hope- 
less. In the month which followed the Thirty-ninth moved from 
point to point, though never leaving the vicinity. 

During this time a final reorganization of the Fifth Corps was 
made. Cutler's Division being discontinued and its troops attached 
to Crawford's Division. What had been the First and Second Bri- 
gades of the Second Division a year before were consolidated to one 
brigade under command of Colonel Richard Coulter of the Eleventh 
Pennsylvania, being known as the Second Brigade, Third Division, 
Fifth Corps, and consisting of the Thirtj'-ninth Massachusetts, Six- 
teenth Maine, Ninety-seventh and One Hundred and Fourth New 
York, Eleventh, Eighty-eighth, Ninetieth and One Hundred and 
Seventh Pennsylvania Regiments. Subsequently the Eighty-eighth 
Pennsylvania was assigned to another brigade. In October, Colonel 
Coulter was relieved from command of the brigade by General 
ITen)'y Baxter, who had recovered from the wound received at the 
Wilderness. The One Hundred and Fourth New York Regiment, 



TUE TUIRTY-NINTII REGIMENT. 599 

having- no commissioned officers after the battles on the Weldon 
Railroad, was reinforced with some 300 recruits and placed imder 
command of Captain W. W. Graham of the Thirty -ninth, with Sec- 
ond Lieutenant Charles K. Conn of Woburn as adjutant, and thus 
officered served through the war as corps headquarters guard. 

A reconnaissance to the left, in support of cavalry, was made on 
the 15th of September, and on its return the brigade was detailed 
as garrison for the forts at the left of the Union line, the Thirty- 
ninth with some of the small regiments being assigned to Fort 
Dushane in the flank line of works, beside which the regiment en- 
camped. Another reconnaissance occurred on the 29th, ending 
with a skirmish at Poplar Spring Church, and next day the regi- 
ment took position inside Fort Dushane, where it remained till 
October IG. It then moved to the vicinity of Fort Wadsworth in 
the front line of works, garrisoning Fort Conahey for a few days at 
the close of the month, but with that exception remaining near 
Fort Wadsworth till the 5th of December, when it again moved to 
the rear to join the Fifth Corps in an expedition. The regiment 
was then commanded by Major Tremlett, who on the 5th of Novem- 
ber had returned from duty at the Massachusetts draft rendezvous. 

This expedition was sent southward to destroy the Weldon Rail- 
road in that direction, as the Confederates had been using it to 
within a few miles of Petersburg, and set forth on the morning of 
the 7th, the Thirty-ninth leading the infantry column. Next day 
the regiment picketed the Halifax road at its junction with the 
Jerusalem Plank Road over which the column was passing, follow- 
ing during the night and joining the main body at Jarrett's Station, 
where the work of destruction was begun. There it again went on 
picket, and when the column started on its return on the lOtli the 
Thirty-ninth were designated as the rear guard. The return began 
about noon of the 11th, and during the day there were several 
exchanges of shots with the enemy's cavalry, while four members 
of the regiment who fell out exhausted were made prisoners by the 
hostile horsemen hovering in the rear of the retreating column. 
The return march ended near night of the 12th, and four days 
later winter quarters beside the Jerusalem Plank Road were occupied. 

Early in the morning of February 5, 1865, the regiment was 
ordered to the Gurley House where it joined the corps for another 
expedition, marching at 8 o'clock toward Dinwiddle Court House, 



600 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. 

within two miles of which it halted at night. As usual the regi- 
ment went on picket, but next morning was withdrawn and followed 
the brigade in its march toward Hatcher's Run, crossing Avhich in 
the afternoon order of battle was formed with the Thirty-ninth on 
the right of the first line. The advance which followed encountered 
the enemy in force -and the line was intrenched at Dabney's Mills. 
An engagement took place, in which General Crawford's Division, 
after gaining some advantages, was forced to fall back. The fight- 
ing was renewed the following day, though a severe storm prevailed, 
the Thirty-ninth being on the skirmish line and driving the Con- 
federate skirmishers Ijack to their main works. An attack late in 
the afternoon was not successful, and the contest was abandoned, 
though the Union lines were extended to the Eun, and the brigade 
a few days after removed its camp to that vicinity. 

The regiment still remained under the command of Major Trem- 
lett. Lieutenant Colonel Peirson being disabled by his wound. In 
consequence of that disability he was mustered out under a General 
Order of the War Department January 4, 1865, having been com- 
missioned but not mustered as colonel of the regiment. Several 
reviews were held during March, in which the Thirty-ninth partici- 
pated, — one on the 9th by Major General Robinson, the former divis- 
ion commander ; a corps review on the 14th Ijy General Warren ; 
one before the Secretary of War on the 16th, and another by 
President Lincoln on the 25tli. On the latter occasion the regiment 
with other troops from its vicinity had been ordered very early in 
the morning toward the right to assist in the recovery of Fort 
Stedman, which had been captured by a dash from the Confederate 
lines ; their services not being needed they marched back to the 
Gurley House where they were reviewed by the President and after- 
ward took position in support of a contemplated attack by the Sixth 
Corps ; but that movement was carried no further than to gain 
the enemy's skirmish line, and late in the evening the regiment 
with its division returned to the cam}) near Hatcher's Run. 

The final campaign of the war, so far as the Thirty-ninth were 
concerned, began on the morning of the 29th of March, when the 
regiment broke camp long before light and during the day marched 
to the left till the Boydtown Plank Road was reached, where the 
enemy were found in some force but were driven out, the Fifth Corps 
holding the position till morning of the 31st, the Thirty-ninth being 



THE THIBTY-NINTU BEGIMENT. 601 

on picket durinir the entire time. Then an advance was made to 
the vicinity of White Oak Road, over a difficult branch of Gravelly 
Run, where a heavy attack was made by the Confederates under the 
direction of General Lee in person, who was on the scene anxious 
to protect his only remaining lines of communication, threatened by 
this vigorous movement. Before the fierce onset in front and on the 
Hank, Ayers's Division which was in advance gave way, followed by 
Crawford's which had been i)laced in support a few hundred yards in 
the rear. The Thirty-ninth, having won renown on many a skirmish 
line, were deployed and thrown forward to check if possible the ad- 
vance of the enemy till the broken lines could be reformed. The 
attempt was desperate and fruitless. The thin skirmish line was 
swept back with the loss of many of its bravest and best. Major 
Tremlett received a wound necessitating immediate aminitation of 
his leg, from the effects of which he died on the 6th of June; Cai3- 
tain Willard C. Kinsley also received a wound from which he died 
the following day. Two enlisted men were killed on the field, while 
the loss in wounded was large. The casualty to Major Tremlett 
devolved the command of the regiment upon Captain Cooper, who 
continued in that capacity till the close of the campaign. 

The arrival of reinforcements finally enabled General Warren to 
regain the lost ground and make a further advance, moving his 
corps to the assistance of General Sheridan, who with his cavalry 
was at close quarters with the enemy at Dinwiddle Court House. 
During the night General Pickett, the Confederate commander, fell 
back to Five Forks, and there next day he was attacked and routed, 
most of his command being captured. The Thirty-ninth occupied 
a position in the front line of Crawford's Division, on the extreme 
right of the Fifth Corps, and did not suffer severely though engaged 
till after dark. Next day the march was continued toward the north- 
west, the Southside Railroad being crossed and a halt made at night 
near Hickanock Creek, where the enemy exchanged shots but dis- 
appeared soon after a skirmish line had been established by the 
Thirty-ninth. There were other slight skirmishes during the week 
that followed while the Fifth Corps with the rest of the Army of 
the Potomac followed up and closed in about the dwindling Army 
of Xorthern Virginia. After the latter surrendered the Thirty- 
ninth with other troops remained at Appomattox till the work of 
paroling was completed, starting on the loth of April on the re- 



602 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

turn to Petersburg. At Blacks and Whites Station on the South- 
side Railroad a halt was made on the 21st, and the regiment re- 
mained there till the 1st of May. During this time some of its 
members who had been prisoners in the hands of the enemy returned 
to duty, including Captain F. R. Kinsley, who resumed command. 

Setting out on the 1st of May, the regiment marched to Arling- 
ton Hights by way of Petersburg, Richmond and Fredericksburg, 
encamping near Fort Albany on the 12th. The routine of camp 
life there was broken on the 23d by the grand review of the Army 
of the Potomac in Washington, and directly afterward the disband- 
ing of the army began. The recruits having been transferred to 
the Thirty-second Massachusetts, the muster out of the original 
members of the Thirty-ninth took place on the 2d of June, and 
two days later the regiment crossed the Potomac for the last time 
and took transportation from Washington for Boston, being quar- 
tered in the barracks at Readville on the 6th. On that day Colonel 
Tremlett died at his home in Boston from the effects of his wound^ 
and the news of his fate brought much sadness to the members of 
the regiment, by whom he was held in high esteem. He had been 
commissioned lieutenant colonel and colonel, but not mustered 
to the offices. 

After a week in camp at Readville the regiment was paid and 
discharged, closing an honorable record. It is worthy of mention 
that of the 250 lives which it gave for its country, 111 were lost in 
Confederate prison pens. 



THE FORTIETH REGIMENT. 



THE Fortieth Regiment began to gather at Camp Edwin ^L 
Stffnton, Lynnfiekl, early in August, 1862, the first company, 
B, being filled and mustered on the 22d, Company A the day 
following, two others on the 31st, two on the 1st of September, 
three on the 3d, and the last, G, on the 5th. Major Burr Porter of 
the United States xVrmy, who had served with distinction on Gen- 
eral Fremont's staff, was selected for colonel, but did not join the 
command till after it reached Washington; previous to his arrival 
it was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Dalton, an exj)ericnccd 
militia officer, under whose lead it left Massachusetts September 8, 
reaching Washington at night of the 11th and the following day 
marching to Fort Ethan Allen, on the Virginia side of the Potomac 
near Chain Bridge. The regiment was officered as follows : — 

Colonel, Burr Porter of New York; lieutenant colonel, JosajDh A. 
Dalton of Salem ; major, Joseph M. Day of Barnstable ; surgeon, 
Oliver A. Brewster of Pittsfield; assistant sargeous, Andrew M. Smith 
of Williamstown and Jonathan Cass of Great Barringtou; cliaplain, 
J. Henry Thayer; adjutant, A. Parker Browne, both of Salem; quar- 
termaster, Edward Hitchings, of Saugus; sergeant major, Daniel E. 
Boweu; quartermaster sergennt, Charles A. Campbell, both of Chelsea; 
commissary sergeant, Edmund D. Bigelowof Boston; hospital steward, 
Sidney A. Merriam of TopsOeld; principal musician, Martin Cunniflf 
of Salem. 

Company A — Captain, James T. Lurvey of Lowell; first lieutenant, 
Eugene A. Albee of Marlboro; second lieutenant, Charles B. Leathe 
of Reading. 

Company B — Captain, Daniel H. Jolinson, Jr. ; first lieutenant, 
Jo3ei)li II. Webb; second lieutenant, George C. Bancroft, all of Salem. 

Company C, Lawrence — Captain, Stephen D. Stokes; first lieiiten- 
ant, Eugene J. Mason; second lieutenant, John F. Weare. 

Company D — Captain, Henry F. Danfortli of Salem: first lieuten- 
ant. Stephen C. Rose of Marblehead; second lieutenant, John Pollock 
of Salem. 

Company E — Captain, Charles A. Jackson of Chelsea; first lieuten- 



604 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. 

ant, Oreb F. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Southwortli Loring, both of 
Middleboro. 

Company F — Captain, Kenben L. Garlick; first lieutenant, William 
H. Cundy; second lieutenant, George F. Howard, all of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, George E. Marshall; first lieutenant, William 
A. Smith, both of l^helsea; second lieutenant, Charles G. Cox of Salem. 

Company H — Captain, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., of ChelSea; first lieu- 
tenant, Wisner Park; second lieutenant, Eugene H. Richards, both of 
Attleboro. 

Company I — Captain, William H. Harper of Sandwich; first lieu- 
tenant, Benjamin H. Manning of Marshfield ; second lieutenant, 
Hartwell W. Freeman of Sandwich. 

Company K, Beverly — Captain, Edward L. Giddings; first lieuten- 
ant, John F. Piper; second lieutenant, Leonard G. Dennis. 

While encamped at Fort Ethan Allen the Fortieth was nominally 
a part of General Abercrombie's Brigade ; but that organization was 
a rather indefinite one, comprising whatever troops chanced to be 
located in the vicinity of Chain Bridge, and the regiment had no 
association with and little knowledge of the other troops in its 
neighborhood. As other regiments arrived and the force in the de- 
fenses increased it was reorganized, the Fortieth being moved to 
Munson's Hill, five miles to the south on the Leesburg and Alexan- 
dria turnpike. A week later it was advanced to Miner's Hill, three 
miles further to the front, just outside the line of forts forming the 
Washington defenses, and near the village of Falls Church. There 
it was attached to the Second Brigade of Abercrombie's Division, 
commanded by General Robert Cowdin, the regiments associated 
with the Fortieth in the brigade being the Eleventh Rhode Island, 
Twenty-second Connecticut and Fifteenth Virginia. The early his- 
tory of the regiment was not marked by activity. It remained in 
camp near Miner's Hill, picketing the front in that vicinity, till the 
28th of December, when about an hour before midnight the brigade 
w'as called upon to re{)air at once to Mills Cross Roads, near which 
the Confederate cavalry under General Stuart had made a dash upon 
the Union lines ; but the command was only in time to capture a small 
rear guard, the main body of the enemy having disappeared. Return- 
ing to camp next evening, the regiment remained there till February 
12, 1863, when it was moved to the vicinity of Hunter's Chapel, 
going into quarters there and picketing the roads in that vicinity. 

On the adjournment of Congress, March 4, without the nomina- 
tion of Colonel Cowdin to be brigadier liavine; been confirmed. 



THE FOBTIETH REGIMENT. 605 

that officer's commission expired by limitation and he returned to 
Massachusetts, when Colonel Porter, as senior officer, took com- 
mand of the brigade, leaving the Fortieth again under Lieutenant 
Colonel Dalton. Camp was broken at 9 o'clock in the evening of 
the 30tli of March, and the regiment set out through a driving 
storm of snow and wind for Vienna, 15 miles distant, making the 
distance through forests and over execrable roads and in intense 
darkness in four hours. The regiment remained on outpost duty 
there till April 11, when it returned to quarters, receiving for its 
arduous efforts the compensation of a complimentary notice in gen- 
eral orders from department head-quarters. Four days after with 
its brigade it was ordered to Alexandria, marched thither early in 
the morning and at once embarked on transports, bound for Suffolk, 
Ya., then besieged by General Longstreet. That point was reached 
about midnight, and the following day the Fortieth with the rest of 
its division formed camp outside the town near the Nansemond river. 
The regiment at once became an active part of the defense, and 
occupied various positions in the works surrounding the town, but 
it was not till the 24th that it marched out with a column under 
command of General Corcoran by way of the Edenton road in 
search of the enemy. As he was found in force, and the intention 
was not to bring on an engagement, the column returned to its posi- 
tion within the works. The regiment took part in another recon- 
naissance on the 3d of May, and the day following, the siege having 
been raised by General Longstreet's retreat, the Fortieth with other 
troops under General Keyes set out for West Point, reaching there 
on the 7th. The regiment was the first to land, and at once de- 
ployed as skirmishers, advancing some three miles and establishing 
a picket line under the direction of General Keyes. Well to the 
rear of the outposts the main line was intrenched, and that general 
position was maintained during the month. On the 31st the com- 
mand set out for Yorktown, reaching there June 1 and remaining 
till the 9th, when it marched to Williamsburg, camping on the 
battle-field. On the following day the Fortieth were detailed to 
make an excursion across the Chickahominy river and as far as 
Jamestown Island, returning to the brigade on the 13th after 
having marched 75 miles. Two days later the force moved up 
the Peninsula to White House Landing, and on the 1st of July 
the Fortieth led the Fourth Corps to Baltimore Cross Roads. 



€06 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Porter's brigade was called into action during the evening 
of the 2d to support the brigade of Colonel West, which had been 
attacked bj the enemy and was falling back in confusion. A lively 
skirmish ensued, in which the Fortieth had the lion's share and won 
credit. General Keyes's movement was abandoned on the 8th; the 
regiment, which had led much of the advance, formed the rear 
guard when the retrograde movement began, and after two days' 
severe marching reached Yorktown. "With no more than an hour's 
rest it embarked on transports for Washington, passing through 
that city the evening of the 11th and reaching Frederick, Md., by 
rail during the night. There the brigade broke up, the .time of the 
nine-months' regiments of which it was principally composed having 
expired, and Colonel Porter returned temporarily to the command 
of the Fortieth, with which he reported to the Eleventh Corps, then 
with the Army of the Potomac following Lee's Army ot Northern 
Virginia back into the Old Dominion as the result of the battle 
of Gettysburg. The regiment accompanied the army across the 
Potomac and as far as Warrenton, going thence to Catlett's Sta- 
tion, where on the 6th of August orders were received to report 
to Alexandria and take transport for South Carolina. At this time 
Colonel Porter had left the regiment, having returned to service in the 
regular army, and his successor was not immediately commissioned. 

The regiment embarked on the 7tli, and six days later debarked 
at Folly Island, Charleston Harbor. It went into the trenches at 
Fort Wagner on the 15tli, and remained there till the stronghold 
was evacuated by the Confederates. Here the command lost its 
first member killed in action. Second Lieutenant Augustine F. 
Webb of Salem, on the 20th of August, while five men were 
wounded. For some time after the evacuation the active duty of 
the regiment was not noteworthy. The new commander, Colonel 
Guy V. Henry, promoted from lieutenant of artillery in the regular 
service, arrived on the 10th of November. Major Day had resigned 
August 25, and that vacancy was filled by the promotion of Adju- 
tant Browne. On the 13tli of November the regiment set out on 
an expedition to Kraivah and Seabrook Islands, during which there 
was some sharp skirmishing with the enemy, but no serious casual- 
ties in the regiment. After two or three days' absence the com- 
mand returned to canij), where it remained till January, 18G4. 

At that time the regiment enjoyed a high repute for excellence 



THE FORTIETH REGIMENT. 607 

in drill and discipline, as a result of Avhicli it was selected for ser- 
vice as mounted infantry. It left camp on the morning of the 16th 
of January, marched to Stone Landing and took transports for 
Hilton Head, at which point it debarked on the 18th, going into 
eauij) outside the fortifications. Horses and the proper equipments 
were issued to the men on the 21st, and they began drilling in the 
new arm of service with zeal. But little time was allowed for this 
educational work. 'Jlie regiment embarked for Jacksonville, Fla., 
on the 4tli of February, reaching there on the 7th and taking pos- 
session of the town without opposition. What was known as. the 
Light Brigade was organized, composed of the Fortieth, the Inde- 
pendent Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry (formerly part of the 
First Regiment) and Battery B, First United States Artillery, 
Colonel Henry acting brigadier. The regiment was placed under 
command of Major Day, Lieutenant Colonel Dalton having resigned 
a few days previous. This vacancy was filled later by the commis- 
sioning of Charles L. Chandler of Brookline. 

The l)rigade began its advance on the afternoon of the 8th, and 
at midnight the Independent Battalion, supported by the Fortieth, 
ca|)tured a Confederate battery of four guns with all its belongings 
at Ten Mile Run without the loss of a man. Company H was left 
in charge of the capture and the column pushed on to Baldwin 
where two more guns were taken in like manner. On the 10th an 
advance was made to Barber's Ford, where the enemy were defeated 
in a skirmish and driven to Sanderson, the regiment losing one 
killed and two wounded. Early next morning, while en route for 
Lake City, the enemy's pickets were encountered and the force 
proved so strong that the Union column fell back some six miles, 
where it remained encamped for three days, when the Light Bri- 
gade went to Starke. A detachment of 52 men from the Fortieth 
under Captain Marshall captured Gainsvillc on the loth, with a 
large quantity of public stores, but the little force was soon after 
attacked by three times its own number. Captain Marshall hastily 
formed barricades of cotton bales behind which he placed his men, 
and without loss repidsed the attacking party, killing and wounding 
several. On the 18th he rejoined the brigade at Barber's Ford. 

The main column under General Seymour having come up, an 
advance by way of Sanderson began on the morning of the 20th, 
Colonel Henry with his mounted troops leading. Early in the 



608 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

afternoon, when -within two or three miles of Olustee Station, the 
advance encountered the enemy in a strong position and at so close 
quarters that it was little better than an ambuscade for the Federal 
soldiers. The latter fought at a serious disadvantage, and after a 
despecate conflict of two or three hours, during which the Union 
command lost nearly half its number in killed, wounded and pris- 
oners, General Seymour's troops were forced to retire. The For- 
tieth were during the action placed in various important positions, 
covering the flanks, supporting the artillery, and the like. They 
were not so heavily engaged as the infantry, but lost four men killed, 
21 wounded and four missing ; three horses were shot under Colonel 
Henry. The column retreated to Jacksonville, the Light Brigade 
holding an advanced position toward the enemy till the 1st of 
March, when the Confederates attacked it at Cedar Creek, and 
after a skirmish the Union outposts withdrew with slight loss. The 
regiment remained at Three Mile Run for some three weeks, and 
preparations were being made for a raid, when a considerable part 
of General Seymour's troops, including the Fortieth Regiment, 
were summoned to Virginia. 

The Light Brigade was therefore broken up, the horses were 
turned in, the Fortieth became once more an infantry regiment 
commanded for the time by its gallant colonel, embarked on the 
22d for Hilton Head, changed there on the 24th to the steamer 
S. R. Spaulding, sailed the following day and reached Gloucester 
Point where they debarked on the 28th and reported to General 
Butler, then organizing the Army of the James. Various changes 
occurred about this time among the field officers of the regiment. 
Lieutenant Colonel Chandler having been transferred to the Fifty- 
seventh Massachusetts, his place with the Fortieth was filled by the 
promotion of Major George E. Marshall, dating from April 20. 
The latter had succeeded Major Browne, resigned March 5, and 
Captain Jenkins was advanced to the vacant majority. 

The Fortieth were assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, 
Tenth Corps, and two days after the landing of the regiment, the l)ri- 
gadc under the command of Colonel Henry re-embarked and on the 
1st of May sailed up the York river to West Point, where it landed 
and took position behind intrenchments, the Fortieth re-occupying 
its camping ground of a year before. The movement being only a 
diversion, the brigade remained in that vicinity for five days, till 



THE FORTIETH BEGIMENT. 609 

the Army of the James had established itself at Bermuda Hundred, 
when Colonel Ilenry withdrew his command and on the 6th joined 
the main force on the James river. On the 9th the regiment took 
part in an expedition against the Richmond and Petersburg rail- 
road, which it assisted in destroying in the vicinity of Chester, and 
shared, though not seriously engaged, in the fighting which ensued 
in the neighborhood of Swift Creek, generally known us the battle 
of Arrowficld Church. Returning to its intrenchments next morn- 
ing, it remained there till the 12th, when the Army of the James 
advanced toward Richmond, the Fortieth leading the right wing 
and skirmishing most of the day. 

Position was taken -in front of the enemy's works the following 
day, and with some changes of location the regiment remained 
there under the fire of Fort Darling till the morning of the 16th, 
when the battle of Prewry's Bluff occurred, in which the Fortieth 
bore their full share, suffering a loss of 10 killed, 42 wounded and 
22 missing. Most of the killed and wounded were left in the hands 
of the Confederates and with the rest of the army the regiment re- 
turned to the fortifications at Bermuda Hundred. The Union picket 
line was captured on the morning of the 20tli by the Confederates, 
and the Fortieth took part in the task of driving back the assail- 
ants, losing six killed and 16 wounded. A few days later, in prepa- 
ration for the movement of a considerable part of the Army of the 
James to Cold Harbor to join the Army of the Potomac, the For- 
tieth was made part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth 
Corps. Colonel Henry commanded the brigade, which consisted of 
the Twenty-first Connecticut, Ninety-second New York, Fifty-eighth 
and One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiments. 

The movement of the Eighteenth Corps, under General "Baldy" 
Smith, began on the 28th of May, when the Fortieth, with its fellow- 
regiments, embarked at City Point. It landed at White House on 
the SOtli and marched till midnight, rested for three hours and then 
pushed forward till early in the afternoon of the 1st of June when 
it reached Cold Harbor, General Smith forming his corps on the 
right of the Sixth Corps, which reached the scene about the same 
time. These two corps were soon ordered forward, some of the 
enemy's outer intrenchments were carried and the Union lines were 
established close to his main works. This advantage was gained 
at heavy cost, the Fortieth losing 12 killed, including Lieutenant 



610 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

Colonel Marshall and First Lieutenant Bancroft, and a large number 
wounded, most of whom were brought within the lines during the 
night. A sharp fire was kept up through the following da}-, inflicting 
some casualties, and on the morning of the 3d the regiment joined 
in the general attack on the Confederate position, and shared in the 
bloody repulse. The loss was ten killed, including First Lieutenant 
Edward Carleton of Lawrence, and many wounded. The Fortieth 
remained with the other trooi)s in front of the impregnable works 
till the 12th, suffering some casualties, including one killed, when 
General Smith's command led the way toward Petersburg, whither 
the scene of carnage was to be transferred. 

Going by transports from White House on the 13th, the regiment 
landed the next day at Point of Rocks on the Appomattox river, 
and at once advanced upon Petersburg, a division of colored troops 
in the lead. At evening of the 15th, after a day of skirmishing, an 
attack was made and some works were captured. From that time 
the regiment, now sadly reduced in numbers, was constantly under 
fire and engaged in the siege operations which followed. Its posi- 
tion was at the right of the Union lines, near the river, where 
on the 24th Colonel Henry's brigade was attacked by the Con- 
federate brigade of Hagood. The assault resulted most disas- 
trously, Hagood's brigade being almost annihilated, and the sur- 
vivors finding themselves prisoners of war, while the loss of the 
Fortieth was but two men killed and as many wounded. At the 
battle of the Crater, on the 30th of July, the regiment, though not 
heavily engaged, lost nine wounded. Such was the severity of the 
exposure, sickness and loss from the fire of the enemy that on the 
27th of August, when the Eighteenth Corps was relieved by the 
Tenth, the Fortieth marched out of the trenches with but two offi- 
cers and 45 enlisted men present for duty. On the following day 
at the special request of Colonel Henry, the regiment was detached 
from the brigade for the comparative rest to be obtained during the 
performance of provost duty at Bermuda Landing, Captain Park 
taking command of the post. 

The detail lasted for a month, during which the strength of the 
command was measurably increased by the return of convalescents. 
It was then ordered to the front once more on the 29th of Septem- 
ber, and remained on duty along the lines before Bermuda Hundred 
till the 24tli of October, when it rejoined the Third Brigade near 



THE FOUTIETIl REGIMENT. 611 

Fort Harrison. On the 30th of September First Lieutenant J. 
Arthur Fitch of Middleboro was killed in an engagement near 
Cha])in's Bluif, in the vicinity of Fort Harrison, on the east side of 
the James river. "With the exception of a skirmish on the Williams- 
burg road, October 27, the regiment was not actively engaged dur- 
ing the autumn, and after that event, in which the command lost 
three men missing, it was for some time encamped in reserve, under 
command of Captain John i'ollock, who was subsequently promoted 
to major and lieutenant colonel. INIajor Jenkins was commissioned 
lieutenant colonel vice Marshall killed in action but was not mus- 
tered to cither position, being discharged as captain to become 
lieutenant colonel of the Fourth Cavalry. Captain Charles G. Cox 
had also Ijcen ])romoted to major, but was obliged to resign on ac- 
count of wounds; and after the promotion of Pollock to lieutenant 
colonel, February 4, 1865, Captain Josiali L. Elder of Lynn was 
advanced to the majority. 

The Army of the James was reorganized into the Twenty-fourth 
and Twenty-fifth Corps, December 3, 186-1, when Colonel Henry's 
brigade became the Third of the Third Division, Twenty-fourth 
Corps. It consisted of the same regiments as before, excei)t that 
the Second New Hampshire had taken the place of the Ninety- 
second New York. At the opening of the campaign of 1865, 
General Ord commanded the Army of the James, General John 
Gibbon the corps. General Charles Devens the division, and Colonel 
Samuel IT. Roberts of the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth New York 
the brigade in the absence on sick leave of Colonel Henry, from 
which the latter did not again return to active duty with the brigade. 
At this time, notwithstanding its severe experiences in the past, the 
regiment enjoyed the distinction of standing first in the corps 
in discipline and morale, being awarded that position at five suc- 
cessive weekly inspections and afterward barred from the competi- 
tion. In recognition of this high standing it was excused from 
furnishing details for outside picket or fatigue duty for five weeks. 

Colonel Roberts reported his brigade to General Grant for special 
service on the 3d of March, 1805, and the following morning it 
marched through a heavy rain to Deep Bottom Landing, where the 
Fortieth embarked on the steamer Metacomet and sailed for Fort- 
ress jMonroe, whence it steamed up the Rappahannock river and on 
the cvcnine; of the 6th landed at Fredericksburg. The regiment 



612 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

was made provost guard for the city, while the rest of the expedi- 
tion devoted itself to destrovini;' the railroad at Hamilton Crossins: 
and capturing tobacco and public stores of various kinds, "which 
were found there in large quantities. The regiment returned to 
Fortress Monroe without the loss of a man. This enterprise prov- 
ing so successful, the same force set out a few days later upon 
another, proceeding up the Potomac and the Yeocomico rivers to 
Kinsale Landing. The expedition, however, proved fruitless, and 
on reaching Point Lookout on the return orders were received from 
the* commander-in-chief for the force to repair to White House 
Landing and establish a depot of supplies for General Sheridan and 
his cavalry, then on the way overland to that point from upper 
Virginia. This was done, a bridge being built across the Pamunkey, 
and on the 18th the weary riders appeared, crossed the river the 
following day, and after resting till the 24th set out to join the 
forces operating against Petersburg and Richmond, the Third Bri- 
gade marching to its camps, some 50 miles away. 

Signal Hill, near the former location, was reached on the 26th, 
and there the regiment remained till the fall of Petersburg and the 
evacuation of Richmond, the division, with one of colored troops 
from the Twenty-fifth Corps, having been designated to hold the 
lines on that part of the field while the rest of the Army of the 
James was operating at the left. On the morning of the 3d of 
April the division set out for Richmond, which was found aban- 
doned and in flames. The Fortieth Regiment encamped outside 
the city, changed its location for a more healthful one ten days 
later, and on the 25th moved to Manchester, where it remained till 
the 17th of June, Avhen it was mustered out of the national service 
and started for home. Going to New York by transport and thence 
by the steamer Connecticut, Readville was reached on the 21st. 
There the command remained in camp till the 30th, when it was 
paid off and discharged. The record of the regiment was an espe- 
cially honorable one ; it had but 13 desertions during its varied 
service — a record which few organizations could equal. 



THE FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-first Regiment Avas the last of the organizations 
raised under the call of July, 1862, and in fact the last ordi- 
nary three-years' volunteer regiment sent out by Massachu- 
setts; the only infantry regiments subsequently enlisted for that 
term being the two colored and the four veteran regiments author- 
ized in 18G3. Its tirst rendezvous was at Camp Edwin M. Stanton, 
Lynnticld, but before the organization was completed it was trans- 
■fcrred to the camp at Boxford. Its first company, I, was mustered 
on the 5th of August, 1862, K the following day, A on the 31st, B 
and C September 4!-, a part of D on the 6th and E the 20th. From 
that time enlistment dragged, owing to the filling of the nine- 
months' quota which was going on at the same time and the heavy 
draft made by the two calls on the Commonwealth. It was not till 
the 27th of October that Companies F and H were .ready for the 
mustering officer, G being filled on the 1st of November, completing 
the organization. On the 5th the regiment left for New York, under 
orders to report to General N. P. Banks, who was there organizing 
the force which was to accompany him to New Orleans, where he 
had been assigned to succeed General Butler in command of the 
Department of the Gulf. In its march through Boston the regiment 
was escorted by some civil organizations with which its colonel was 
connected ; reachiiig New York it encamped for a time at the Park 
Barracks, after which it was transferred to Long Island where the 
other troops destined for Louisiana were gathering, and went into 
camp on the L'nion Race Course. The commissioned officers at that 
time connected with the command were as follows : — 

Colonel, Thomas E. Chickoring; lieutenant colonel, Ansel D. Wass, 
both of Boston; major, Lorenzo D. Sargent of Lawrence; surgeon, 
Albert II. BlanchaYd of Sherborn; assistant surgeons, Daniel S. Allen 
of Gloucester and Daniel F. Lcavitt of South Dauvers; chaplain, 
Henry F. Lane of Lawrence; adjutant, Henry S. Adams of Chicopee; 



614 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

quartermaster, Charles B. Stoddard of Plymouth; sergeant major, 
John Eolston of Charlestown; quartermaster sergeant, George A. 
Fiske, Jr.; commissary sergeant. Charles B. Stone, both of Eoxbury; 
hospital steward, Harry N. Coburn of New Bedf(»rd ; principal 
musician, Ai B. Chase*of Boston. 

Company A, New Bedford — Captain, John F. Vinal; first lieuten- 
ant, James W. Hervey; second lieutenant, Eliphalet H. Robbins. 

Company B, Lawrence — CajDtain, Edward L. Noyes; first lieuten- 
ant, Cyrus T. Batchelder; second lieutenant, Charles Stone. 

Company C — Captain, John L. Swift; first lieutenant, AVilliam T. 
Hodges; second lieutenant, Theodore C. Otis, all of Koxbury. 

Company D— Captain, Frederick G. Pope; first lieutenant, William 
M. Gift'ord; second lieutenant, Yfilliam Harris, Jr., all of Boston. 

Company E, Boston — Captain, Lyman W. Gould; first lieutenant, 
Wesley A. Gove; second lieutenant, John H. Weston. 

Company F — Captain, G. Frank Stevens of Lawrence; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry C. Dane of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Amos Henfield 
of Salem. 

Company G — Captain, William H. Seamans of Eoxbury; first lieu- 
tenant, David P. Muzzey of Cambridge; second lieutenant, John A. 
Comerford of Lowell. 

Company H — Captain, Francis E. Boyd; first lieutenant, Charles 
W. 0. Ehoades; second lieutenant, John C. Gray, Jr., all of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, John C. Wynian; first lieutenant, Benjamin 
F. Talbot, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Frank E. Frothingham 
of Charlestown. 

Company K — Captain, David T. Bunker; first lieutenant, Bradley 
Dean; second lieutenant, Charles W. Lovett, Jr., all of Boston. 

The regiment embarked on the steamer North Star, which sailed 
from New York on the 4th of December, having on board General 
Banks and his staff. After a pleasant voyage New Orleans was 
reached in due time, and General Banks landed there, while the 
Forty-first remained aboard and were taken on the 15th to Baton 
Rouge, landing on the 17th with a considerable number of other 
regiments under command of General Cuvier Grover and occupying 
that city without serious resistance. On the opganization of the 
troops in the department into the Nineteenth Corps, a few weeks 
later, the Forty-first became a portion of the Second Brigade, 
Fourth Division, the division being commanded by General Grover 
and the brigade by Colonel William R. Kimball of the Twelfth 
^Maino. Li addition to his own regiment and the Forty-first, Colonel 
Kimball's command consisted of the Fifty-second Massachusetts 
and the Twenty-fourth Connecticut. On the 31st of January, 1863, 
Lieutenant Colonel W^ass resigned, Major Sargent was promoted 



4. 



THE FOETY-FIEST REGIMENT. 615 

to the vacancy and Captain John F. Yinal to be major. Till near 
the close of March the reg-iment remained at Baton Rouge with no 
more noteworthy experience than an expedition on the 9th of 
March to destroy some bridges over the Comite river. In this 
affair the Forty-first were accompanied by a company of cavalry 
and a section of artillery and accomjilished the midertaking after 
some skirmishing without casualty to the regiment. During the 
movement toward Port Hudson a few days later, the regiment re- 
mained as part of the garrison of Baton Rouge, Colonel Chicker- 
ing having command of the post. 

Grover's Division set out on the 28th on the march from Donald- 
sonvillc through the La Fourchc country to Brashcar City, where it 
united with the rest of the Army of the Gulf under General Banks 
for operations against the enemy threatening New Orleans from the 
rear. With the Twelfth Maine, the regiment embarked April 12 
on a gunboat for transportation across Grand Lake, landing at 
Indian Bend Bay on the afternoon of the 13th and with other 
troops marching across the Teche to rejoin the division. In the 
battle of Irish Bend on the 14th the brigade Avas in reserve, in sup- 
port of batteries, and suffered no casualties. The march being con- 
tinued after the battle. New Iberia was reached at evening of the 
16th, when the Forty-first, with two other regiments of its brigade 
and a section of artillery, marched at once for Avery's Island, where 
the salt works were destroyed and a large number of horses col- 
lected, the detachment rejoining the column the same night. Ope- 
lousas was reached on the 20th, 300 miles from the starting point 
at Baton Rouge. 

Here Colonel Chickering was appointed military governor of the 
district, with Lieutenant Colonel Sargent provost marshal, the regi- 
ment under command of Major Yinal being assigned to provost 
duty. During the time that they were thus engaged the members 
provided themselves with horses confiscated from the surrounding 
territory, so that when on the 11th of ]\Iay they moved to Barre's 
Landing horse equipments were drawn and the command was 
thenceforth known as the Forty-first Mounted Rifles. The work 
done by the regiment during the month that it was on duty at Ope- 
lousas and Barre's Landing is thus summarized in the report of the 
adjutant general of Massachusetts : " It collected and sent to New 
Orleans via Brashear upward of 6,000. bales of cotton, large quanti- 



616 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

ties of sugar, molasses and other products of the country, and at 
least 10,000 contrabands, men, women and children, to work the 
g'overnment plantations in the La Fourche country. This regiment 
set all the corn mills in operation, furnishing large quantities of 
meal to the troops and inhabitants and feeding the contrabands. It 
established a free market for the benefit of the poorer inhabitants, 
re-opened the printing-office and issued a daily paper, etc." 

Barre's Landing was left on the 21st of May, the Mounted Rifles in 
advance, followed by a wagon train five miles in length, and a great 
number of contrabands, the flanks and rear being covered by seven 
regiments of infantry and a section of artillery, Colonel Chickering 
commanding the column. A march of five days brought the force 
to Berwick City with no further adventure than an attack on the 
last day by a superior body of the enemy, which was repulsed, but 
in consequence the column marched all night to reach its destina- 
tion, covering 36 miles within 24 hours. 

The infantry regiments were then forwarded to General Banks 
at Port Hudson* and the Forty-first, after waiting till transportation 
could be secured for their horses, followed by battalions, the regi- 
ment being reunited on the 4th of June and assigned to General 
Gricrson's cavalry brigade, and engaged in outpost, scout and train 
guard duty. While this arrangement was in force an order was 
issued consolidating with the regiment the three unattached com- 
panies of Massachusetts cavalry in the department, the whole being 
permanently transformed to a mounted regiment, to be known as 
the Third Massachusetts Cavalry — under which designation the 
subsequent fortunes of the regiment will be narrated. 



THE FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-second Regiment was recruited at Camp Meigs, 
Readville, the nucleus being the Second Regiment of Militia, 
Avhich volunteered when the call for nine-mouths' troops was 
made, and went into camp to recruit to the maximum. As there 
was already a Second Massachusetts Regiment in the field for three 
years, the name of this command was changed to the Forty-second 
in order to avoid a duplication of numbers. Companies A and B 
were mustered on the 13th of September, 1862, G and I three days 
later, and four others during the month ; but C was not ready for 
the mustering oihcer till October 11, and K not till the 14th. The 
field and staff were mustered on the 11th of November, and on the 
19th orders were received to report to General Banks, whose expe- 
dition was being organized on Long Island near New York city. 
The roster of officers : — 

Colonel, Isaac S. Burrell of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, Joseph 
Stedman of Medfield; major, Frederick G. Stiles of Worcester; sur- 
geon, Ariel I. Cummings of Roxbury; assistant surgeons, Thomas B. 
Hitchcock of Newton and Rush 15. Hcintzelman of Philadelphia, Pa.; 
chaplain, George J. Sanger of Hardwick; adjutant, Charles A. Davis 
of Roxbury; ciuartermaster, Charles B. Burrell; sergeant major, 
Charles P. Bosson, Jr., both of Boston; quartermaster sergeant. Henry 
C. Foster of Dorchester; commissary sergeant, AVilliam H. Hutchin- 
son of Roxbury; hospital steward, Charles J. Wood of Hardwick; 
principal musician, Richard A. Neuert of Boston. 

Company A, Weymouth — Captain, Hiram S. Coburn; first lieuten- 
ant, Martin Burrell, Jr.; second lieutenant, John P. Burrell. 

Com})any B — Captain, Ira B. Cook of Belliugham; first lieutenant, 
David A. Partridge of Medway; second lieutenant, Joseph C. Clifford 
of Medway. 

Company C, Boston — Captain, Orville W. Leonard; first lieutenant, 
Isaac B. White; second lieutenant. Joseph Sanderson, Jr. 

Company D — Captain, George Sherive; first lieutenant, William H. 
Cowdin both of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Darius F. Eddy of 
Dorchester. 



€15 yr AS SACBir SETTS IX THE WAE. 

Company E — Captain. Charles A. Pratt of West Boylston; first 
lieutenant, John W. Emerson of Millbury; second lieutenant, Brown 
P. Stowell of Boston. 

Company F — Captain. John D. Coggswell of Leicester: first lieu- 
tenant, Timothy M. Duncan of Xorth Brookfield: second lieutenant, 
Lyman A. Powers of Spencer. 

Company G — Captain. Alfred X. Proctor: first lieutenant, Albert 
E. Proctor both of Boston; second lieutenant, Thaddeus H. Xewcomb 
of Quincy. 

Company H — Captain, Davis TT. Bailey of Chelsea: first lieuten- 
ant, Charles C. Phillips of Hopkinton: second lieutenant, Augustus 
L. Gould of Chelsea. 

Company I. Dorchester — Captain, Cyrus Savage: first lieutenant, 
Samuel F.* White: second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Bartlett. 

Company K — Captain. George P. Davis of Ware: first lieutenant, 
Hearv A. Harding of Worcester: second lieutenant, J. Martin Gor- 
ham of Barre. 

The regiment left camp Xovember 21, going by way of Xew 
York to Camp Banks on Long Island, which it reached late in the 
evening of the following day. There it remained till the 2d of 
December, when it marched to Brooklyn and on the 3d took pass- 
age on four transports for Xew Orleans. Colonel Burrell and his 
staff with Companies D, G and I went aboard the Saxon ; Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Stedman with Companies A, B and F, on the Quincy : 
Major Stiles with C and H on the Shetucket ; and Companies E 
and K on the. Charles Osgood. All were at sea by the morning of 
the 5th, but the Saxon proved the only sea-worthy vessel and 
reached her destination far in advance of her consorts. Touching 
at Ship Island on the 14th, she reached Xew Orleans the 16th and 
at once proceeded to Carrollton, where on the ITth Colonel Burrell 
debarked his three companies and went into quarters at Camp 
Mansfield. Two days later the colonel was ordered to re-embark and 
sail for Galveston, there to land and take post, co-operating with 
the naval force at that point, with the promise that the remainder 
of his regiment should be sent forward on its arrival. The destina- 
tion was reached on the 24th, and after considtation with Comman- 
der Renshaw of the gun-boat Westfield, commanding the blockading 
fleet. Colonel Burrell landed on Kuhn's Wharf on the morning of 
the 25th, hoisted the regimental flag and barricaded the approaches. 
A reconnaissance was made the following morning to a distance of 
five miles from the city, everything indicating that the enemy had 
hastily abandoned the island ; but during the night of the 27th 



THE FORTY-SECOND EEGHrENT. 619 

they began to cross again from Virginia Point on the main land, 
and thereafter tlie little Union force was closely watched by the 
cavalry scouts of the enemy, though the latter as often as discov- 
ered were driven away by detachments sent out by Colonel Burrell. 

During the night of the 31st it was found that the enemy was 
about to make an attack, and the gun-boats were requested to 
co-operate, which they did, answering the fire of the Confederate 
artillery as soon as it opened, and two or three assaults which were 
made before daylight of January 1, 1863, were repulsed by the fire 
of the three companies behind their barricades. The Confederate 
gun-boats attacked the Federal fleet soon after daylight, capturing 
the Harriet Lane, the Westfield being blown up on account of 
grounding. Flags of truce were then raised on the fleet and by 
both parties on shore. Colonel Burrell sending his adjutant to the 
Federal gun-boats to request them to take off his command, as he 
could not defend the position. Almost immediately, however, an 
officer from General Magruder demanded the instant surrender of 
the three companies, threatening an attack with his entire force of 
over 5000 men and 30 pieces of artillery. The capitulation was 
therefore agreed upon and the three companies, with the colonel, 
surgeon, chaplain and Lieutenant Stowell of Company E were made 
prisoners, but Colonel Burrell was requested to retain his sword in 
recognition of the gallant defense which he had made with so small 
a force. The loss of the L^nion troops in action was but a few 
wounded, while the enemy confessed very many more casualties. 
!Most of the enlisted men were paroled on the 18th of February, 
and eight days later, accompanied by the chaplain, who was 
unconditionally released, reached New Orleans, proceeding thence 
to Bayou Gentilly where they formed a camp for paroled prisoners, 
remaining unexchanged till the expiration of their term of service. 
The officers remained in captivity. Surgeon Cummings and Lieu- 
tenant Bartlett dying in prison during the summer, and the others 
being finally exchanged July 22, 186-1. 

Meantime, Lieutenant Colonel Stedman with his three companies 
aboard the Quincy met with various delays, so that New Orleans 
and CaiTollton were not reached till the 29th of December, when 
they debarked and rested at Camp Mansfield till the 3d of January, 
embarking then under orders to join Colonel Burrell at Galveston, 
but on learning of his capture returned to Camp Mansfield, where 



620 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

they were joined bj the two companies on the Charles Osgood, which 
had reached New Orleans on the 1st of January and the following- 
day sailed toward Galveston. The Shetucket, which was the poor- 
est vessel of the four, narrowly escaped going to the bottom, and 
after numerous stops for repairs reached New Orleans on the 14th, 
and the seven companies of the regiment were at last united, the 
command being attached to the Second Brigade, Second Division, 
Nineteenth Corps. General T. W. Sherman commanded the divis- 
ion, and Colonel Farr of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts the brigade. 

Companies C and H were detached from the regiment on the 
15th, under command of Captain Leonard, and reported to Major 
Houston, chief engineer of the corps, by whom they were employed 
to construct a bastioned redoubt at Camp Parapet, in which work 
they were engaged till the earl}^ part of the following June. Dur- 
ing that time Captain Leonard organized from the colored men 
engaged in constructing the fortifications a regiment known as the 
First Louisiana Engineers, a large number of the officers of which 
were commissioned from the enlisted men of. the Forty-second. 
The five remaining companies were on the 26th ordered to Bayou 
Gentilly on the Ponchartrain Railroad, establishing themselves in 
Camp Farr, named in honor of the brigade commander. Three 
weeks later Company K, Lieutenant Harding, was detailed for duty 
in the engineer department of the corps, and thenceforth till near 
the end of the regiment's service performed arduous duty as pon- 
toniers, laying and caring for bridges in connection with nearly every 
important movement in that part of the district. Their services at 
Port Hudson were especially valuable. 

Al)out the same time Company A was detailed to occupy two or 
three fortifications on the line of the railroad and in the vicinity, 
Company F was sent out to Lakeport, taking charge of some 15 
miles of the lake shore ; while Lieutenant Colonel Stedman assumed 
command of all these stations, the extended lines and varied range 
of duties requiring much tact and activity on the part of men and 
ofticcrs. For two months only two companies remained at the regi- 
mental head-quarters, and those were weakened by generous details; 
but by the 5th of June Comj)any A and the two engineer companies 
had returned, and on the 0th a detail of 100 men under Captain 
Cook was sent to lirashear City and attached to a battalion com- 
manded by Lieutenant Colonel Stickney of the Forty-seventh Mas- 



THE FOBTY-SECOND REGIMENT. G21 

sachiisetts. On the 20th, very early in the morning, 20 of these 
men embarked on a gun-boat as sharpshooters, and an hour or iwo 
hiter the balance were ordered to Lafourche Crossing, where an at- 
tack was expected. Beyond some artillery firing there was no 
lighting till the following day, when near sunset a section of artil- 
lery, supported by the detachment from the Forty-second under coni- 
nuind of Lieutenant Tinkham advanced beyond the pickets and soon 
became engaged, fighting their way successfully back to the main line. 
The Confederate attack which followed was repulsed after some sharp 
fighting, the loss of Lieutenant Tinkham's command l)cing one 
killed and three severely wounded, with one taken prisoner and 
paroled. Three days later the position at the Crossing was evacu- 
ated and the detachment rejoined the regiment soon after. 

The garrison at Brashear City was attacked and captured on the 
2od, including 46 members of the Forty-second Regiment, com- 
manded by First Sergeant George W. Ballon, two of whom were 
killed and two severely wounded during the resistance. Of the 
prisoners all but two were paroled. The main body of the regi- 
ment was not engaged in battle; but the quality of its make-up was 
sufliciently attested by the honorable part taken by the detachments 
which encountered the enemy on the fteld of strife. The bead- 
quarters of the Forty-second, with the companies and jiarts of com- 
panies present were transferred to Lafayette Square in New Orleans 
on the 21st of June, and with the exception of one day at Camp 
Farr a week later, the regiment remained in the city till the 14th 
of July, the last two weeks of the time being quartered at the 
Custom House. It then moved to Algiers, and during the rest of 
the month was engaged in picketing the Opclousas Railroad, where 
it was rejoined by the detachments which had been absent during 
the recent months. 

The arms and other government property in possession of the 
regiment were turned over to the proper officers on the 31st and 
transportation was taken on the steamer Continental for New York, 
which was reached August 8. Being transferred there to the 
steamer Commodore for Providence, the journey homeward was 
continued without delay, but early next morning the vessel ran 
upon the rocks at Point Judith and remained aground during the 
day. At night the regiment was transferred to the steamer City 
of Newport, and without* further adventure debarked at Provi- 



622 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

dence whence it went to Boston by rail on the 10th. The men 
were immediately furloughed till the 20th, when they re-assembled 
at Readville and were mustered out. 

THE hundred-days' TERM. 

This regiment was also one of those which in the summer of 
18G4 reorganized and Avent into service for 100 days that troops on 
garrison duty and like inactive service might go to the front for the 
assistance of the exhausted Union armies in the field at that mo- 
mentous time. Its make-up was somewhat changed, some of the com- 
panies which had responded in 1862 having dropped out and others 
taking their places ; while of the staff and line officers, few names 
re-appeared with the former rank. The new list was as follows : — 

Colonel, Isaac S. Burrell of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, Joseph 
Stedman of West Roxbury; major, Frederick G. Stiles of Worcester; 
surgeon, Albert B. Robinson of Holden; adjutant, Charles A. Davis, 
quartermaster, Alonzo J. Hodsdon; sergeant major, Jediah P. Jordan; 
all of Roxbury; quartermaster sergeant, Charles E. Noyes of Boston; 
commissary sergeant, Augustus C. Jordan of West Roxbury; hospital 
steward, Robert White, Jr., of Boston; principal musiciau, Thomas 
Bowe of Dorchester. 

Company A, Boston — Captain, Warren French ; first lieutenant, 
Charles W. Baxter; second lieuteuant, Joseph M. Thomas. 

Company B — Captain, Benjamin C. Tinkham; first lieutenant, 
George W. Ballon; second lieutenant, George E. Fuller, all of Med way. 

Company C, Boston — Captain, Isaac B. White; first lieutenant, 
Joseph Sanderson, Jr. ; second lieutenant, David C. Smith. 

Company D — Captain, Samuel A. Waterman of Roxbury; first lieu- 
tenant, George II. Bates of Scituate; second lieutenant, Almon D. 
Hodges of Roxbury. 

Company E — Captain, Augustus Ford of Worcester; first lieuten- 
ant, James Conner of West Boylston; second lieutenant, Frank H. 
Cook of Worcester. 

Company F — Captain, Samuel S. Eddy; first lieutenant, Henry J. 
Jennings, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Edward I. Galvin of 
North Brookfield. 

Company G — Captain, Alanson II. A\^ard of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenant, Moses A. Aldricli of Uxbridge; second lieutenant, E. Lincoln 
Shattuck of W^estboro. 

Company II — Captain, George M. Stewart of Springfield; first licu- 
teuiint, Julius M. Lyon of Wales; second lieutenant, Joseph T. Sjieiir 
of Westileld. 

Company I — Ca))tain, James T. Stevens of Braintrce; first lieuten- 
ant, Edward Merrill, Jr., of Dorchester; second lieutenant, Charles 
A. Arnold of Braintree. 



THE FORTY-SECONB REGIMENT. 625 

Company K — Captain, Benjamin R. Wales of Dorchester; first lieu- 
tenant, Alfred G. Gray of Roxbury; second, lieutenant, Charles P. 
Hawley of Boston. 

The regiment gathered at Readville, two of its companies being 
mustered on the 14th of July and others almost daily till the 22d, 
when the organization was completed, and two days later the com- 
mand set out for Washington under Lieutenant Colonel Stcdman, 
going by steamer from Boston. It was at about this time that 
Colonel Burrell returned from captivity, and after a short time 
at home he rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, Va., where its 
term of service was passed. It performed faithfully and credita- 
bly its part, which was i)rincipally in the form of guard and patrol 
duty, a detachment being for some time at Great Falls, Md., and 
large details being made for the guarding of supply trains to the 
Shenandoah valley. It was mustered out of service on the 11th 
of November, 18G4. 



THE FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-third, familiarly known as the "Tiger" Regiment, 
was an outgrowth of the Second Battalion, First Brigade, 
First Division, M. Y. M., which volunteered for nine months' 
service and was sent to Camp Meigs at Readville to be recruited to 
a full regiment. In the camp, under command of General Pierce, 
were also the Forty-second, Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Regiments 
and the Eleventh Battery. As the companies were filled they were 
mustered into service, — D, F and G on the 12th of September, 
1862, and the others at various dates till the 11th of October, when 
the ten companies were completed, though detachments were mus- 
tered at intervals till near the close of the month, the mustering 
officer being Captain N, B. McLaughlen, U. S. A. Most of the 
field and staff were mustered on the 25th of October, and the 
roster of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Charles L. Holbrook; lieutenant colonel, John C. Whiton, 
both of Boston; major, Everett Lane of Abington; surgeon, A. Carter 
Webber of Charlestown; assistant surgeon, Augustus Mason of Brigh- 
ton; adjutant, James M. Whitney of West Roxbury; quartermaster, 
Henry A. Turner; chaplain, Jacob M. Manning, both of Boston; ser- 
geant major, James E. Gilman of Chelsea; quartermaster sergeant, 
William W. Tuttle of Roxbury; commissary sergeant, Augustus C. 
Jordan of West Roxbury; hospital steward, William H. Mansfield of 
Roxbury. 

Company A — Captain, Henry J. Hallgreen of Chelsea; first lieu- 
tenant, George Chadbourne of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Lucius A. 
Wheelock of Boston. 

Company B — Captain,Edward G. Quincy; first lieutenant, William 
Jordan, both of Boston ; second lieutenant, John C. Sanborn of 
Braintree. 

Company C — Captain, William B. Fowle, Jr., of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, Augustine Sanderson of Brighton; second lieutenant, John F. 
Thayer of Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Thomas G. Whytal of West Roxbury; first 
lieutenant, Edward A. Sumner; second lieutenant, James Schouler, 
both of Dedham. 



THE FOBTT-THIED REGIMENT. 625 

Company E — Captain, Henry Doane of Charlestown; first lieuten- 
ant, Joseph W. Paine of Koxbury; second .lieuteriant, Cliarles M. 
Upliam of Chatham. 

Company F — Captain, Charles W. Sonic of Scituate; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry S. Bates of Marshfield; second lieutenant, Nathan S. Oak- 
man of Hanover. 

Company G — Captain, Josiah Soulo, Jr.; first lieutenant, Lysander 
Poole; second lieutenant, Jose])h 13. Warne, all of Abington. 

Company H, Chelsea — Captain, George B. Hanover; first lieuten- 
ant, William Bradbury; second lieutenant, D. C. Colesworthy, Jr. 

Company I — Captain, George G. Tyler; first lieutenant, Robert 
Torry, Jr.; second lieutenant, Oliver H. Webber, all of Cambridge. 

Company K — Captain, J. Emory Round of Cambridge; first lieu- 
tenant, Lucius P. Kimpton of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, John 
W. Fletcher of Chelsea. 

The organization of the regiment being practically completed, it 
was .armed with the Springfield rifle and ordered on the 24th of 
October to prepare to join the force in Xorth Carolina under Major 
General Foster.- It was not ready for departure, however, till the 
5th of the following month, when it took cars to Boston, was re- 
viewed on the Common and received its colors from the hands of 
Robert C. Winthrop, in behalf of the Boston Light Infantry Asso- 
ciation. Late in the evening the command embarked on the 
steamer Merrimac, with one-half of the Forty -sixth Regiment, the 
transport anchoring near Deer Island in company with the Missis- 
sippi, carrying the rest of the Forty-sixth and the Forty-fifth. The 
Confederate crusier Alabama being off the coast, it was not deemed 
safe for the unarmed steamers to put to sea with their important 
human freight till the gun-boat Huron, then undergoing repairs at 
the Charlestown navy-yard, was ready to escort them and they waited 
during a heavy storm from the east, which with snow and rain and 
a heavy sea made the anchorage in the harbor anjthing Ijut de- 
lightful. The steamers being overcrowded, the Saxon was sent 
down and took on board the Forty-sixth. 

The gun-boat finally appeared on the afternoon of the 10th and 
the flotilla at once began the slow trip, .which ended at Beaufort at 
noon of the 15th, when the regiment debarked and took cars to 
Newbern. Marching thence two miles northwesterly along the 
course of the river Trent, it halted for the night on the spot Avhere 
in a day or two it was very comfortably located in " Camp Rogers," 
which proved its permanent abiding place during nearly the entire 



626 MASSACHUSETTS IiV THE WAR. 

term of its soiourn in North Carolina. The rcirimcnt became a 
part of the First Brigade, First Division, of General Foster's com- 
mand, the regiments with which it was brigaded being all from 
Massachusetts and comprising the Seventeenth, Twenty-third, Forty- 
tifth and Fifty-first, the brigade being commanded by Colonel 
Thomas J. C. Amory of the Seventeenth. 

Company C having been sent to Beaufort (where it remained on 
duty till March 4, 1863), the remainder of the regiment set out on 
the 11th of December as a part of General Foster's Goklsboro ex- 
pedition. At the battle of Kinston, on the 14th, it was under fire, 
and maneuvered somewhat on the field, but was not engaged and 
suffered no loss. It was more exposed at the battle of Whitehall 
on the 16th, where it was in support and lost one man killed and a 
few wounded, but without taking an active part in the contest. As 
the column drew near Goklsboro next day, the Forty-third were de- 
tached and sent under guidance of a staff officer several miles to 
the right, to Spring Bank Bridge, accompanied by a-section of artil- 
lery and a company of cavalry. The bridge being burned as the force 
ap])roached,a skirmish with the Confederates across the river ensued, 
in which the artillery and four companies of the Forty-third took 
part, the latter losing two killed and one mortally wounded. The 
other com})anies lay in reserve, and after midnight the regiment was 
directed to rejoin the column on its return march toward Newbern. 

After this the organization remained in camp, with tjie exception 
of ordinary duties and some details, till the 17th of January, 1863, 
when with the other nine-months' regiments of the brigade it 
started for Trenton, a small village on the Trent some 25 miles to 
the northwest. The destination was reached the following day, but 
no enemy was found. Marching back on the 19th to Follocksville, 
the regiment halted while Companies F and CJ went on with the 
rest of the colunyi some eight miles in a southerly direction to 
Young's Cross Roads. After a very heavy rain-storm, the expedi- 
tion returned on the 21st to the camps at Newbern. 

In connection with the demonstration against Newbern by the 
enemy on the IStli and 14th of March, the regiment Avas put under 
marching orders during the night of the 13th, and early the follow- 
ing morning marched out ui)on the Kinston road, but was soon 
ordered back and remained till afternoon, when it again mnvcd oui 
some six miles and relieved the Twentv-fifth j\Iassachusetts, which 



THE FOIITY-TIIIRD REdlMEST. 627 

had Ih'C'11 liokliiig the CuiifedcM'atcs in check. Nu further attack 
was made at that ])oint, and hite the next afternoon the reti'inicnt 
marched some miles further out, halting over night and continuing 
in the morning till a total distance of 15 miles from Xewbern had 
been made. Then, as the cavalry scouts reported no enemy within 
several miles, the return march was taken up and Camp Rogers 
was reached late that afternoon. 

Early in April the regiment took part in a movement intended 
for the relief of General Foster and a small force at Little Washing- 
ton, then besieged by the Confederates. On the aftei-noon of the 
7th it went aboard gun-boats and was carried aci-oss the Neusc, 
where it waited till General Spinola had gathered a force of some 
10,000 men, when on the afternoon of the 8th it started upon 
the march, going some nine miles that day and continuing the 
movement the next. k^oon after noon the enemy was enco:;u- 
tered at Blount's Creek, the Seventeenth Massachusetts and the 
artillery engaging them w^hile the Forty -third formed the support. 
After a sharp skirmish the Union forces were withdra^yn and 
marched rapidly back to Newbern. 

With a single day's rest the regiment went aboard a transport 
and sailed for the scene of the blockade in the Pamlico river below 
Little Washington, where it remained at anchor till the 14th, during 
which time some of its members volunteered to assist in running- 
other craft through the blockade, some of them being wounded in 
the dangerous service. Afterward three companies landed at JlilTs 
Point, the site of one of the strongest Confederate works, while the. 
command, after sailing back to Newbern, was taken ii]) to Little 
Washington, where it remained from the 18th to the 21:th on duty. 
The entire regiment then returned by the steamer Long Island to 
Newbern, resting in camp from the 25tli to the 27th, when as part 
of a considerable force it took cars at Newbern and Avcnt out some 
miles beyond Batchelder's Creek, whence after some re])airs to the 
road and various demonstrations, it returned to the old camp at 
Newbern on the 1st of May. 

During May and most of June the Forty-third remained in the 
vicinity of Newbern, often engaged in fatigue duty upon the forts 
and other fortifications thereabout, but havin'g no part in marches 
or battle. The movement of the regiment northward began on the 
24th of June, when it was ordered on board transi)orts and pro- 



628 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ceeded with other troops of General Foster's command to Fortress 
Monroe for orders. Without disembarking the troops sailed up the 
York river to White House Landing, by way of demonstration, and 
on the 29th were ordered back to Fortress Monroe to await direc- 
tions from Washington. Landing at Hampton the next day and 
going into camp till the 2d of July, the regiment was then ordered 
on board the steamer Kennebec, landing at Baltimore near Fort 
McHenry the following afternoon. 

That night was passed in barracks, and during the 4th the regi- 
ment marched through the city to Camp Bradford on the north, 
where three days were passed. The term of service of most of the 
men had now expired, and there was some dissatisfaction at their 
being retained in the service; this coming to the knowledge of Gen- 
eral Naglee,he gave the men individually the option of returning to 
their homes or of joining for brief service the Army of the Potomac, 
then in pursuit of Lee on his retreat from Gettysburg. Under this 
option 203 officers and men volunteered to go to the front, while 
the remainder of the regiment took cars on the 8th for Massachu- 
setts, going by way of Philadelphia to New York, thence by boat 
to New Haven and rail by Springfield to Boston, 

The volunteers for further service proceeded to Sandy Hook op- 
posite Harper's Ferry, where they were detailed for provost duty, 
Major Lane being made provost marshal. General Naglee command- 
ing the post. This duty continued till the 18th, when the detach- 
ment was relieved by the Nineteenth Maryland and started for 
Boston, having won the right to wear the badge of the First Bri- 
gade, Second Division, Sixth Corps. Boston was reached on the 
21st by steamer from New York, where the detachment was re- 
ceived with honor. After a parade the men were furloughcd until 
the 30th, when the regiment gathered in the camp at Readville and 
was mustered out of service. 



THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-fourth Regiment was an outgrowth of the Fourth 
Battalion, M. V. M., which, having volunteered promptly 
and almost unanimously when the call was made for enlist- 
ments for the nine-months' quota, was sent to Camp Meigs at Rcad- 
villc. then commanded by General Peirce, to be transformed into a 
full regiment. This was quickly done; the camp was occupied 
during the last days of August, and on the 12th of September the 
several companies were mustered into the United States service 
with full ranks by Captain McLaughlcn, U. S. A. The commis- 
sions of the officers bore date from that time, and the roster was 
as follows : — 

Colonel, Francis L. Lee of Newton ; lieutenant colonel, Edward C. 
Cabot of Brookliue ; major, Cliarles W. Dabuey of West Roxbury ; 
surgeon, Robert Ware of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Theodore W. 
Fisher of Mcdway ; chaplain, Edward H. Hall of Plymouth ; adju- 
tant, Wallace Hinckley of Lowell ; quartermaster. Francis Jiush, Jr., 
of Boston ; sergeant major, William H. Bird of Roxbury; (juarter- 
master sergeant, Frederick S. Gifford of New Bedford ; commissary 
sergeant, Charles D. Woodbury of Boston; hospital steward, William 
C. Brigham of New Bedford ; j)rincipal musician, George L. Babcock 
of Boston. 

Company A — Captain, James M. Richardson of Hubbardston ; first 
lieutenant, Jared Coffin ; second lieutenant, Charles G. Kendall, both 
of Boston. 

Com])any B, Newton — Captain, John M. Griswold ; first lieuten- 
ant, Frank H. Forbes; second lieutenant, John A. Kenrick. (Forbes 
resigned a month later, Kenrick was ]n-omoted and Charles C. Soule 
of Brookline was commissioned second lieutenant.) 

Company C — Captain, Jacob H. Lombard ; first lieutenant, George 
B. Lonil)ard ; second lieutenant, James W. Briggs, all of Boston. 

Company D — Cajotain, Henry D. Sullivan ; first lieutenant, James 
H. Blake, Jr.; second lieutenant, Asa H. Stebbins, all of Boston. 

Company E — Captain, Spencer W. Richardson ; first lieutenant, 
James S. Newell ; second lieutenant, James S. Cumston, all of Boston. 

Company F — Captain, Charles Storrow of Boston ; first lieutenant, 



6:30 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Alfred S. Hartwell of Natick ; second lieutenant, Theodore E. Taylor 
of Newton. 

Company G — Captain, Charles Hunt of Boston ; first lieutenant, 
James C. White of Milton ; second lieutenant, Frederick Odiorne of 
Boston. 

Company H — Captain, William V. Smith ; first lieutenant, Edward 

C. Johnson, both of Boston ; second lieutenant, Albert 11. Howe of 
Bi'ookline. 

Company I— Captain, Joseph R. Kendall ; first lieutenant, William 

D. Hooper; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Field, eJr., all of Boston. 
Company K — Captain, Frank W. Reynolds of Boston ; first lieu- 
tenant. Richard H. Weld ; second lieutenant, Fred T. Brown, both 
of West Roxbury. 

Colonel Lee had been promoted from major of the Fourth Battal- 
ion, and many of his associate othcers were those who had formerly 
served under him in various capacities. The command was armed 
Avith the Enfield rifle, and through its commanding officer v. as pre- 
sented by Miss Josie Gregg of Boston wath an elegant national Hag. 
Marching orders were received on the 2d of October, but did not 
take immediate elTect. The regiment was reviewed by Governor 
Andrew on the loth and one week later took cars for Boston, where 
with one-half of the Third Regiment it went aboard the ti'ansport 
Merrimac, destined for North Carolina. 

A landing w^as made at Morchead City, near Beaufort, on the 
26th, whence the journey to Nowbern was made on platform cars 
during a rain-storm, giving the regiment an unpleasant introduc- 
tion to active service. Quarters were secured in bari-acks north of 
the city, the command forming part of a brigade com])osed of the 
Twenty-fourth and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode Island 
and Tenth Conneqticnt. The brigade was commanded by Colonel 
Thomas G. Stevenson of the Twenty-fourth. 

The warfare in North Carolina at that time largely consisted of 
expeditions from cither side to feel the position of the enemy and 
occupy strategic points, and on one of these the Forty-fourth were 
soon engaged. On the 80tli of October, ns part of a large force 
under CJeneral Foster, the regiment went on board transports, sail. 
ing down the Neuse I'iver into Pamlico Sound and ascending the 
Tar river to Washington, where they debarked next day, and on 
Ihe 2d of November set forth on their march northward. Nearly 
20 miles were covered that day, and about dusk the Confederates 
were found in some force at Rawles Mills or Little Creek, near 



THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 631 

Willininston. They were in command of a ford in the midst of dense 
dark woods, and as Comj)anies H and C, detached as skirmisliers, 
undertook to cross the creek they Avere fired upon, but made the 
crossinj^- and engaged the foe till their guns became useless, when 
they were relieved by Company E, supported by Company 1. This 
little force fought its way to the top of a hill beyond the creek, and 
the ford beiug thus secured the column crossed and pushed its way 
slowly along most of the night, making but little progress, with 
some skirmishing, though the casualties of the Forty-fourth were 
conlined to the skirmishers, being two killed and six wounded. 

The march was continued the following morning, leading by way 
of Hamilton toward Tarboro, within a few miles of Avhich it ended on 
the oth, the column retracing its steps to Hamilton next day, and 
thence by easier stages back to Plymouth, where steamer was taken 
for Xewl)ern and cam]) was reached r.rter an absence of two weeks. 
The ^lassachusetts Thanksgiving Day was celebrated very ajipro- 
priatoly on the 27th, after which the routine of camp life was not 
broken till the Cxoldsboro exi)edition, which left Newbern December 
11, consisting of four brigades. The lirst engagement occurred at 
Ivinston on the 14th, l)ut it was fought and won before the Forty- 
fourth were called into service, they being merely in time to receive 
the surrender of a considerable number of prisoners. Two days 
later, on reaching Whitehall, it Avas found that a bridge across the 
creek had been burned, the southern troops being strongly i)ostcd 
on the opposite bank to dispute the crossing. The Forty-fourth 
took position behind a hill-crest on the Federal side of the stream 
but received a very sevei-e fire, and wei'c soon ordered back to the 
siipi)ort of llelger's Battery, having lost eight killed and 14 wounded. 
In the battle near Goldsboro the following day the regiment was on 
the resei-ve, and after this event the column turned its steps toward 
Newbern once more, where it arrived on the 20th. 

No other exj)cdition in which it had part took place till the 1st 
of February, 18G3, when the regiment marched to Plymoijth, whence 
it moved out several miles through the country, gathering a large 
quantity of forage without adventure, reaching Newbern on the 
10th. Com])anies B and F were at this time dispatched to Batchel- 
der's Creek, for picket duty under Colonel Jones of the Fifty -eighth 
Pennsylvania, where they i-einained till the 1st of May. The (piiet 
of camp life was stirred on the 14th of March by an attack on the 



032 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Union outposts on the east shore of the Neuse, and the day after 
the eight companies of the Forty-fourth present for duty started to 
reinforce the small garrison at Washington, a post of some import- 
ance at the confluence of the Tar and Pamlico rivers. On reaching 
the place Colonel Lee took command of the forces at Washington, 
consisting in addition to his own regiment of eight companies of 
the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, two companies of loyal North 
Carolinians and one each of cavalry and artillery. 

The Confederates began the siege of Washington on the 30th, on 
which date Companies A and G of the Forty-fourth, while making 
a reconnaissance across the river, nearly walked into an ambush 
and were fired upon, leaving three of Company G severely wounded, 
one fatally, in the hands of the enemy. Captain James M. Rich- 
ardson was also badly wounded, and others slightly. The force 
withdrew to the town, and the enemy at once began the investment, 
firing their first shots into the place on the 1st of April. The 
small force of defenders and the few gun-boats in the river made 
so determined a resistance, however, that the besiegers were held 
at bay till the arrival of reinforcements on the 14th, when the Con- 
federates retired. 

During the occupation of Washington the Forty-fourth met with 
a severe loss in the death of their esteemed surgeon. Dr. Ware, 
from malarial fever. He was not only devoted to the interests of 
the men under his professional charge, but delighted to serve the 
inhabitants who needed his assistance, and in this manner is sup- 
posed to have contracted his own fatal disease. 

Companies C, D and I, under Major Dabney, were taken on 
board the gun-boat Eagle on the evening of the 16th, and the fol- 
lowing day landed at Hill's Point, on the south side of the Sound, 
eight miles below Washington, where they occupied and destroyed 
the Confederate fortifications, building defenses to guard against 
an attack from the land side and remaining till the 22d, Avhen the 
detachment at Hill's Point was relieved by part of the Forty-third 
and that at Washington by the rest of the Forty-third and the 
Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, and the regiment started back to 
Newborn once more. After passing one night in the barracks the 
command was sent into Newborn as provost guard, relieving the 
Forty-fifth, and in the somewhat irksome details of that duty pass- 
ing the time till the expiration of its term of service. 



TTTE FOUTY-FOURTII REGIMENT. G33 

The Forty-fourth were relieved by the Twenty-seventh on the 6th 
of June, and going by cars to Morchead City cml)arked on the 
transport steamers Guide and George Pealjody. After a decidedly 
rough passage Boston Avas reached early in the morning of the 10th, 
when the returning regiment paraded under escort, received a cor- 
dial welcome from j\[ayor Lincoln and the city government of Boston, 
and was furloughed until the IGth. Re-assembling then at Read- 
ville, the command passed three days in camp, when it was mustered 
out of the United States service and disbanded. Owing to the 
danger of a draft riot, however, the state authorities on the 14th 
of July called on the Forty-fourth, with other militia organizations. 
The}' reported promptly and remained on duty for a week. 



THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-fifth, from the fact that its field and many of its 
line officers had been prominently identified Avilh the First 
Company of Cadets, was known as the "Cadet Regiment." 
It was one of those recruited for nine months' service at Camp 
Meigs, Readvillc. Eight of the companies were mustered on the 
26th of yepteml)er, 1862, and the others on the 7th of October; 
though additions were made later to bring the command up to the 
maximum. The field and staff were commissioned October 8, aiid 
mustered the 28th. Though the officers were largely from Boston 
and the immediate vicinity, over 200 cities and towns of the 
state were represented in the ranks of the regiment. The original 
roster of officers follows : — • 

Colonel, Charles R. Codman; lieutenant colonel, Oliver W. Pcabody; 
major, Russell Sturgis, Jr.; surgeon, Samuel Kneeland; assistant sur- 
geon, Joshua B. Tread well; chaplain, Andrew L. Stone, all of Bos- 
ton ; adjutant, (iershom (-. Wmsor of Brookline ; ({uarterniaster, 
Francis A. Dewson of ISlewton; sergeant major, Henry (t. AVhcelock 
of Walpole, N. H.; quartermaster sergeant, Arthur Reed; eomuiis- 
sary sergeant, Charles F. Richardson; hos])ital steward, Edward Wig- 
glcsworth, Jr., all of Boston. 

Company A — C*aptain. George P. Denny; first lieutenant, George 
E. Pond, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward B. Richardson 
of Brookline. 

Company B — Ca])tain, Joseph M. Churchill of ]\Iilton; first lieu- 
tenant, William S. Bond of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, Abijali 
HoUis of Milton. 

Company C — Captain, Edward J. Minot of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Harrison Gardner of Newton; second lieutenant, Lewis R. Whit- 
taker of Franklin. 

t'ompany I) — Captain, Nathaniel Willis Bumstead; first lieutenant, 
Samuel I'haxter; second lieuteiuint, Cyrus A. Scars, all of Boston. 

Company K — Captain, 'J'homas H. Wales, Jr.; lirst lieutenant, 
AlpliLMis II. Hardy; second lieutenant, J. Frank Emmons, all of 
Bo-ton. 



I 



THE FOliTY-FIFTII REGIMENT. G35 

Company F — ('a])tain, Edward F. Deland; lirst lieutenant, Samuel 
0. Ellis, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Theodore C. liurd of 
Framingham. 

Coini)any G — Captain, Jose])h Murdock of Roxbury; first lieuten- 
ant, Theocloro A. Tiiayer of Boston; second lieutenant, Benjamin II. 
Ticknor of West Eoxbury. 

Company 11 — Captain, Lewis W. Tappan, Jr., of West Roxbury; 
first lieutenant, Alfi-ed AVinsor, Jr., of Brookline; second lieutenant, 
Albert K. Post of New York. 

Company I — Captain, Charles 0. Rich; first lieutenant, Jolm I). 
Thompson; second lieutenant, Edward R. Ijladgen, all of Jk)ston. 

Company K — Capt;iin, (leorgi^ II. Ilomans; first lieutenant, Charles 
A. AA'alker. both of Boston; second lieutenant, John H. Rol»insou of 
Newton. 

The I'cginient was ordered on the 24tli of October to prepare for 
departure to North Carolina, and on the 5th of Novenihcr embarked 
on the transport steamer Mississippi. Some days of waiting fol- 
lowed in Boston harbor, made moi'o tedious by the ])revalcnco of a 
heavy storm, but the ]\Iississippi,.in eoin])any with two other steam- 
ers carrying the Forty -third and Forty-sixth Regiments, Ilnally 
sailed under llic protection of a gun-Ijoat and reached Beaufort on 
the loth. The regiment was at once transported by rail to New- 
Ijcrn and assigned to Colonel Amory's Brigade, consisting oi the 
Seventeenth and Twenty -third Regiments, to which the Forty-third 
and Fifty-llrst were added on their arrival — a line brigade of j\Ias- 
sachnsetts volunteers. Camp was established on the bank of the 
Trent some two miles from Newbern, wdicre the command remained 
without incident nntil the 12th of December. On that date the 
eight cohipanies in cam]) (C having been detached for special duty 
at Alorehead City and (J to Fort Macon) set forth upon tlu' ( Jolds- 
boro expedition. Tw^o days later, in the battle of Kinston, the regi- 
ment was engaged, winning much i)raisc for its gallantry and efli- 
ciency. Being ordered to charge the enemy, it advanced steadily 
over difficult ground, through a swampy forest under a severe cross 
fire, driving the Confederates from their position, suffering a loss 
of 15 killed and 4-'5 wounded. ( )u the IGth, at Whitehall, the Forty- 
filth again bore an honorable ])art, fighting flic Confederates across 
the creek, the bridge having been burned, and losing four killed and 
IG wounded, among the former being Color Sergeant Theodore 
Parkman of Boston. In the action at CJoldsboro on the following 
day the regiment was not actively engaged, and after the l)urning 



636 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. 

of the railroad Ijridgc across the Xeuse at that point by the Union 
troops the return march was begun, the command reoccupying 
their former camps near Xewbern on the 21st. 

Some two weeks later Company I relieved Company C on duty at 
Morehead City and later went to Fort Macon.. On the ITth of Jan- 
uaiy, 1803, the regiment, with two other ^ine-months' organiza- 
tions, took part in a reconnaissance as far as Trenton, returning to 
camp after an absence of five days without having encountered the 
enemy, but having suffered much from heavy storms and conse- 
quent difficulty of marching. On the 26th it was detailed for pro- 
vost guard at Ncwbern, were it remained till the 25th of April, 
when it returned to the brigade and went into camp on the Neuse 
near the mouth of the Trent. 

Two days later Amory's Brigade took part in an expedition, 
marching on the 27th to Core Creek, 15 miles from Newbern on the 
Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. Next morning Colonel Cod- 
man, acting under orders, sent Companies C and H under Major 
Sturgis up the railroad, while Company D was sent out on a o'oss 
road to communicate with another column under General Palmer. 
About noon Colonel Codman with the balance of his regiment and 
the Seventeenth Massachusetts followed up the railroad, and after 
joining the force under Major Sturgis pushed along toward the junc- 
tion of the railroad and the Dover road, driving the enemy's pickets 
from point to point and finally encountering a considerable body 
near the junction behind an earthwork. After a sharp skirmish 
fire the I'egimcnt, supported by the Seventeenth, charged the works, 
driving out the enemy and planting the flag of the Forty-fifth in 
triumph on the intrenchments. The loss of the regiment was one 
killed and four wounded. 

The object of the expedition being accomplished the column re- 
turned to camp, and the Forty-fifth took no further part in active cam- 
paigning. They remained encamped near Fort Spinola till June 24, 
when they proceeded to Morehead City, and embarking on the steam- 
ers Spalding and Tillio sailed by way of Fortress Monroe for Boston. 
That city was reached on the 30th, the regiment being formally 
welcomed and ])roceeding to camp at Readville, where it Avas mus- 
tered out of the United States service on the 8th of July. 



THE FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 



TI f E Forty-sixth Regiment was composed of Hampden County 
men and was recruited largely through the efforts of Rev. 
George Bowler of Westfield, who was made its first colonel. 
Camp N. P. Banks at Springfield was the place of rendezvous, and 
there the different companies gathered during September and Octo- 
ber, the camp being commanded by Colonel Walker of Springfield. 
As the companies filled they were mustered — Company I on the 
24th of September, A, C, D and F on the following day, four more 
on the loth of October and K on the 22d, completing the regiment. 
The field and staff were mustered on the 30th, the following being 
the original roster of olficers : — 

Colonel, George Bowler of "Westfield; lieutenant colonel, AVilliam S. 
Shurtleft" of Springfield; major, Lucius B. Walkley; surgeon, James 
H. Waterman, both of Westfield; assistant surgeon, Thomas Gilfillan 
of Cummiugton; chaplain, George W. Gorliam of Holyoke; adjutant, 
James G. Smith of Chicopee; quartermaster, Henry il. ]\[oreliousc of 
Springfield ; sergeant major, Joseph F. Field of Westfield ; quarter- 
master sergeant, George B. Pierce of Holyoke; conimissary sergeant, 
Alfred J. Newton of Monsou; hospital steward, John li. Greeuleaf of 
Ware. 

Company A, Springfield — Captain, Samuel B. Spooner; first lieu- 
tenaut, Lewis A. Tilft; second lieutenant, Daniel J. Marsh. 

Company B — Captain, Daniel E. Kingsbury; first lieutenant, Henry 
Wheeler, second lieutenant, Amos 0. Kenney, all of Holyoke. 

Company C — Captain, Andrew Campbell 2d; first lieutenant, Joseph 
C. Xoble, second lieutenant, Joseph T. Spear, all of Westfield. 

Company D — Captain, David E. Grimes; first lieutenant, George H. 
Knapp; second lieutenant, David Bronson, all of Chicopee. 

Company E — Captain, James yi. Justin of Granville; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles U. Ely of AVest Springfield; second lieutenant, Lathrop 
Lee of Southwick. 

Company F — Captain, Russell H. Conwell of AVorthington ; first 
lieutenant, Horace Heath of Russell; second lieutenant, Charles Fay 
of Chester. 



638 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAB. 

Companv (i — Ciiptaiii, I-'nincis I). Lincoln of Brimlield; fii'st lion- 
tentuit, (ieorge Jl. llowc of ^lonson ; .second lieutenant. Julius M. 
Lvou of Wales. 

Company II — Captain. Francis C. Cook of I'almei-; first lieutenant. 
William >Shaw of Bclchertown; second lieutenant, (ieorge S. Dixon of 
Monson. 

Company I — Captain. William G, Leonard of Wilbraham; first lieu- 
tenant, Reuben DeWitt of Agawam; second lieutenant, X. Saxton 
Cooley of Longmeadow. 

Company K — Captain, John .\very of Westiield; first lieutenant, 
Elisha C. Tower of Wortliington; second lieutenant, (Jeorge ^\. Stew- 
art of Wales. 

The regiment being filled to its maximum left camp on the ")th 
of November for Boston where it embarked for Newbern, X. C. At 
first the command was divided between the steamers Merrimac and 
Mississippi, carrying the Forty -third and Forty-fifth Regiments re- 
spectively, five companies going aboard each transport ; but this 
disposition crowded l)oth steamers uncomfortably, and before sailing 
the steamer Saxon took on board seven of the companies, one being- 
left on the Merrimac and two on the Mississippi. In this man- 
ner the trip to North Carolina was made, Newbern being reached 
on the 15th, when the regiment was assigned to Colonel Horace C. 
Lee's Brigade, consisting of the Third, Fifth, Twenty-fifth. Twenty- 
seventh and Forty-sixth Massachusetts Regiments. The regi- 
mental camp was established on the right bank of the Xeuse, near 
the town. Soon after Comj)anics A and K, under command of 
Captain Spooner, w^ere detailed for duty at Newport Barracks, a 
station on the railroad between X"ewbe:n and Beaufort. 

The first active service of the command was in connection with 
the Goldsboro expedition. Starting on the morning of the 11th of 
December, the regiment held its place in the brigade column till 9 
o'clock of the 13th, when it was detached with one section of the 
Twenty-fourth New York Battery, to guard the direct road to Kins- 
ton and some connecting roads, while the main column made a de- 
tour to the left. This position was held during the day, and at 
dusk an order was received to advance four miles toward Kinston, 
which was ])romptly executed, other cross roads Iteing guarded at 
thatj)oint. Rcjoiningtho main column next morning, tlie regiment 
during the battle of Kinston sui)|)orted a battciy, but was not 
actively engaged, in the light at Whitehall on the Kith it was at 
lii'st directed to enu'aue the eneiuv across the creek. l)ut after aO men 



THE FOin V-SIAT/I RKGIMENT. (i;;!l 

were detailed as sharp-sliooteis the rei^'iinent i-esiiiued its place in 
th(! coluuiu marching toward ( ioldsboro. 'J'he Wilmington Railroad 
at the ])oint of its crossing the Neuse being reached next day, the 
battle (jf Goldsboro opened, the Forty-sixth siiijporting I'elger's 
Kattciy without casualty. The bridge being burned and the track 
destroyed, the Union troops began to retire ; but as the enemy 
threatened the rear guard the Forty-sixth retraced their steps and 
took position near the Third Massachusetts, where they remained 
under artillery fire till the demonstration ceased, losing one killed 
and three wounded. One of the sharp-shooters at Whitehall was 
also Avounded. 

A march of three days took the regiment back to its former cami) 
near Xewbern, During the expedition it had been commanded by 
Lieutenant Colonel Shurtleff. Colonel Bowler, though too ill to 
assume command, accompanied the regiment to Kinston, when he 
was obliged to return to camp, and on the -3d of Januarv he re- 
signed his commission, Lieutenant Colonel Shurtlett", Major Walklev 
and Cai)tain Spooner being promoted in regular order. At this time 
Company A returned from its detached duty, being relieved by 
Company F, and the camp of the regiment was changed to a point 
near the continence of the Neuse and Trent rivers. There was the 
usual drill and much fatigue Avork on the fortifications, but the 
regiment was not again engaged in active campaigning till INfarch, 
when the Confederates began to threaten Newborn. 

Near night of the 13th of that month, the Forty-sixth, with the 
Fifth and Twenty-fifth and Belger's Battery, Avere sent out (ju the 
Trent road under Colonel Lee to hold in check a column of the 
enemy which had captured an outp(jst at Deep Gully, eight miles 
from Newbern. Next morning, after the skirmishers of the two 
forces were engaged, the Forty -sixth and Fifth were ordered back 
to Newljern, another rebel column having appeared and opened an 
attack near the city on the north bank of the Neuse. Reaching 
camp about noon, the regiment remained under arms till near night, 
when it was again sent out to Deep Gully, but found the foe re- 
tiring, and after following him for some distance returned to camp, 
three days after leaving it. 

Leaving Companies A and 1 under Major Spooner, the remaining 
six companies of the Forty-sixth, Avith the TAventy -fifth and Lee's 
Uattery. were sent to Plymouth, on the Roanoke river. — an import- 



640 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

ant post threatened by the enemy and defended only by four com- 
panies of infantry, a few cavalry and some gun-boats in the river. 
On reaching- the place Colonel Pickett of the Twenty-fifth took 
command and at once set his entire force to strengthening the de- 
fenses, which they were allowed to do unmolested, the enemy meet- 
ing with no success in their siege operations at Little Wasliington, 
where their most earnest effort was put forth, and so finally aban- 
doning hostile demonstrations in that section. The region being dis- 
tricted, and General Wessells with his brigade taking charge of the 
"District of the Roanoke," including Plymouth, the Forty-sixth re- 
turned to Xewbern May 8, going into barracks near (he town. 

On the 21st the regiment with the rest of the brigade took part 
in an expedition against a detachment of the enemy known to be 
posted at Gum Swamp, eight miles from Kinston. Before reaching . 
the swamp the force divided, two regiments by a circuitous route 
seeking the rear of the Confederate position, while the Forty-sixth, 
Fifth and Twenty-fifth approached from the front, moving up about 
midnight and driving in the out)30sts, the Forty-sixth supporting a 
battery in the center of the Union line of battle. After some skir- 
mishing on the morning of the 22d the fire of the two regiments 
in the rear was heard, when a simultaneous charge was made, driv- 
ing out the Confederates in confusion. The column then started 
on its return, being harassed somewhat Ijy the enemy but reaching 
Newborn the following day without serious encounter. 

The two companies — A and I — left behind when the regiment 
went to Plymouth had taken an honorable part in the defense of 
Newborn at that time, and early in May were sent to Batchelder's 
Creek to serve on outpost duty under Colonel Jones of the Fifty- 
eighth Pennsylvania. This place was attacked on the 23d of May, 
Colonel Jones was killed and most of his command thrown into 
confusion; but Captain Tifft with his own company and part of 
Company I held an advanced redoubt long after the rest of the 
Union soldiers had fallen back some two miles, until finally dis- 
covered by a reconnoitering party and relieved. Sergeant A. S. 
Bryant of Company A was made sergeant major and received a 
medal from Congress for bravery on this occasion. Six days later 
a scouting party of nine sent out from these two companies was 
captured by guerrillas, but the men were fortunately soon paroled. 

As the term of service of the Forty-sixth ncared its close over 



THE FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 641 

100 of the members enlisted in the Second Heavy Artillery Regi- 
ment, then being formed largely from among the nine-months' regi- 
ments. During the night of the 23d of June orders were received 
for the regiment to embark at short notice for Fortress Monroe, 
which it did the following night ; but owing to storms and delays 
did not reach its destination till the 28tli. It then prepared for a 
campaign under General Dix, but it being found that that ofTicer did 
not wish for troops whose term had so nearly expired, General 
Xciglco, who arrived next day suggested that the regiment volunteer 
for service during Lee's invasion of the North. This was agreed to, 
and the Forty-sixth, with the Eighth and Fifty-first were ordered by 
General Halleck to report to General Schenck at Baltimore. 

Reaching that city on the 1st of July, the regiment was assigned 
to the brigade of General E. B. Tyler, commanding the defenses of 
Baltimore, and was stationed at Camp Bradford, near the outskirts 
of the city, where it remained doing provost and guard duty till the 
. (ith when it was attached to a brigade commanded by General H. S. 
Hriggs and took the cars to Monocacy Junction, near Frederick, 
^[arching to the city and reporting to General French, it was ordered 
back to its brigade and continued on to Sandy Hook, opposite Har- 
})er's Ferry. During the night of the 7th it took position on Mary- 
land Hights, where it remained, picketing the Sharpsburg road, till 
the lltli, when General Briggs was ordered to join the First Corps, 
Army of the Potomac. The 25 miles were marched in 16 hours, 
almost without a halt for rest, the brigade taking its assigned posi- 
tion at the right of the Union lines beyond Funkstown. There it 
remained for 24 hours, momentarily ex])ecting to take part in a 
great battle ; but that expectation vanished when it became known 
on the morning of the 14th that Lee's army was again in Virginia. 

Moving southward with the Army of the Potomac, the regiment 
reached Berlin on the IGth and rested till the 18th, when the First 
Corps began crossing the ponton bridge into Virginia. The Forty- 
sixth in the coluuinwei'e but a few rods from the river when orders 
were received to proceed immediately to Massachusetts to be mus- 
tered out of service. Obeying at once, the regiment went by rail 
via Baltimore and New York to Springfield, where it arrived on the 
moi-ning of July 21. The men were furloughed for a week, when the 
command reassembled on Hampden Park and was mustered out of 
the service by Cai)tain Gardner of the United States Army. 



THE FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE P'orty-Scventli Regiment, familiarly known as the "Mer- 
chants' Guard Regiment," Avas recruited through the efforts 
of Lucius B. Marsh, a prominent Boston merchant, gathering 
at Camp Edwin M. Stanton in Boxford, where the various com])anies 
were illled and mustered — A and B on the 19th of September, 18G2, 
three more by the 23d, while the other five followed at various dates 
(luring October, from the 9th to the 31st. The field and staff were 
mustered on the 7th of November and on the 11th the regiment 
was transferred to Camp Meigs at Readville. From each camp 
numerous desertions occurred, — the regiment in that respect being 
quite unfortunate. On the 29th of November orders were received 
to report to New York, where the Banks expedition was gathering, 
which it did with the following roster of officers : — 

Colonel, Lucius B. Marsh of Boston; lieutenant colonel, All)ert 
Stickney of Cambridge; nuijor, Austin S. Cushman of New Bedford; 
surgeon, John Blackmor of Somerville; assistant surgeon, Frederic W. 
Mercer; chaplain, (ieorge P. Hepworth, both of Boston; adjutant, 
Eli C. Kinsley of Cambridge; quartermaster, George N. Nichols of 
Roxhury; sergeant major, George P. How of Concord; quartermaster 
sergeant, Jose})li XL AVellman of Boston; commissary sergeant, Henry 
|j. Wheeler of (*oncord; hospital steward. C'harles Lee Foster of NortJi 
Audover; principal luusician, A\'illiaui .M. Wright of Pepperell. 

(*()m[)any A. Cauil)ridge — Captain, AIplicus Hyatt; first lieutenant. 
C'harles B. Stevens; second lieutenant, St('])lien S. Harris. 

Company B, Caud)ri(Ige — Captain, John \\. Mc(iregor; first Heuteu- 
tenant, Jared Shei)ard; second lieutenant, Edward Jl P. Kinsley. 

Company C, Attleboro — Captain, Jjcmuel T. Starkey. first lieuten- 
ant, Frank 8. Drajier; second lieutenant, Everett S. Horton. 

Company D, New IkMlford — Ca])tain, Joseph Burt, Jr.; first lieuten- 
ant, AVilHani H. 'r<)])h:un; second lieutenant, Samuel J. Blain. 

Conii)any E, (Jharlestown — CajilMin. (Hiarles Callender; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles (i. Pease; second licutciiant, lieiijaniin F. Hatch. 



THE FORTY-tSEVENTll REGIMEXT. 643 

Company F. liostoii — Ciiptain. Jolm P. Biirljeck; lirst liculeiiaiit, 
Gcorire L. Shaw; second lieutenant, Jolm J. Currier. 

Company C. Concord — Captain, Richard liarrett; first lieutenant, 
Humphrey H. Buttrick: second lieutenant, (Teor<;e F. Hale. 

C()ni})any II — Captain. Samuel O. Laforest of South Boston; first 
lieutenant, Granville (». Redding; second lieutenant, Charles B. Spen- 
cer, both of Koxbury. 

Company I — C{H)tain, Jldward L. Bird of Boston; first lieutenant, 
All)ert H. Townsend; second lieutenant, William B. Hand, both of 
East Boston. 

Company K — Captain, Josiah A. Osgood of Chelsea; first lieutenant, 
Lewts F. Munroe of Roxbury; second lieutenant, James W. Converse 
of West Roxbury. 

The regiment went into camp on Long Island and waited there 
some three weeks lor transportation, when with other troops to the 
number of 2,000 it went aboard the steamer Mississij^pi on the 21st 
of December and the following day sailed for New Orleans, touch- 
ing at Ship Island, and reaching its destination on the evening of 
the 31st. Reporting to General Banks on the 1st of January, 
1803, the regiment was ordered to Carrollton, where it reported to 
General T. W. Sherman, de])arking next day and going into Camp 
Ivcarny, of which Colonel Marsh took command. On the 11th of 
January, 1863, the Forty-seventh were ordered to United States 
Baii'acks, in the lower part of New Orleans, and marched to that 
point, proceeding the following day to the Louisiana Lower Cotton 
Press, three or four miles furtlier, but returning on the 14th to 
the Barracks and relieving the Thirtieth Massachusetts Regiment, 
Colonel Marsh taking command of the post. Four companies 
were detailed for special service, and Company B as guard for com- 
missary and ordnance stores, on which duty it continued till the 
term of service expired. 

Company E was detailed for provost duty at Thibodeaux on the 
4th of February, and the remaining companies weie ordered to the 
Cotton Press. The regiment being thus scattered. Lieutenant 
Colonel Stickncy Avas given an active command, serving at Brash- 
ear City. Tliibodeaux, Lafourche Crossing and other points with 
credit, while (he legal ability of Major Cushman was given scope 
on the Sequestration Committee. The detached companies, with 
the excci)tion of B, were called in on the 12th of March, and the 
regiment was ordered to the Metaire Racc-conrsc, an es))ecially un- 
healthy place, being surrounded by stagnant pools and nuirshes. 



644 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Marsh took command of the post, the force comprising 
several batteries of artillery, and much attention was given to im- 
proving the regiment in drill and discipline. Companies D and H 
went across Lake Ponchartrain twice, capturing a steamer, a 
schooner and other property, including a quantity of cotton. 

On the 19th of May, Colonel Marsh with his command was 
ordered to Camp Parapet, where he relieved General Dorr and took 
command of the post, consisting of numerous detachments of artil- 
lery and other troops, the line of defenses being some 30 m\lcs in 
length. Soon after taking command Colonel Marsh recruited a 
company of negroes for service in the swamps, to which additions 
were made till the Second Louisiana Engineer Regiment was 
nearly filled, and its ofiicers came largely from the membership of 
the Forty -seventh, the contraband camp furnishing most of the 
enlisted men. 

Camp Parapet was occupied by the regiment during the siege of 
Port Hudson, after which, the term of enlistment having expired, 
the command received orders to return home, sailing on the 5th of 
August from Carrollton in the steamer Continental. Cairo, 111., 
was reached on the 13th, and thence the journey to Boston was 
made by rail, the regiment reaching the latter cit}^ on the morning 
of the 18th and receiving an enthusiastic reception. The experience 
of this regiment was peculiar. It was not in action during its ser- 
Tice; its single fatal casualty was the killing of one man In' guerril- 
las, while but 24, including the hospital steward, had died from dis- 
ease. The men being furloughcd till the 1st of September gathered 
then at Readville and were mustered out of the service by Captain 
Brown, L". S. A. 



THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-eighth Regiment was intended for an Essex county 
nine-months' organization, and eight companies had been 
gathered at Camp Landers in Wenham, when the necessity 
for sending forward the troops intended for the " Banks Expedi- 
tion" led to a modification of the original plan. Two of the com- 
panies were detached and assigned to the Fourth Regiment to bring 
it to the required standard, while the six companies remaining were 
transferred to Camp Meigs at Readville. There they were joined 
by four Irish companies from Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville, which 
had been recruited by James O'Brien with the intention of forming 
a i-cgiment of that nationality, and after considerable dilliculty, dur- 
ing which many of the O'Brien recruits deserted, the regiment was 
organized and officered, Mr. O'Brien being made lieutenant colonel. 
Company A was mustered the 16th of September, 1862, and six other 
companies by the 1st of October, but it was not till the 9th of Decem- 
ber that Company K,',arely lilled to the minimum, was ready for the 
mustering officer, and additions were made at later dates. The field 
and staff were mustered December 8, and the roster was as follows : — 

Colonel. Kbru F. Stone of Xewburyport; lieutenant colonel, James 
O'Bric'u of Charlestown; major, George Wheatland of Salem; surgeon, 
Yorick (}. Kurd of Anicsbury; assistant surgeon, Francis F. Brown 
of Sudbui-y; chaplain, Samuel J. Spaulding of Newburyport ; adju- 
tant, F. Gilbert Ogden of Boston; ijuartermaster, Horace W. Durgin 
of Salem; sergeant major, John W. Kicker of Xewburyport; quarter- 
master sergeant. John (J. Robinson of Salem; commissary sergeant, 
James W. Currier of ^'ewburyport; hospital steward, Elisha M. Wliitc 
of Charlestown. 

Company A, Xewburyport — Captain, Calvin M. "Woodward; first 
lieutenant, Ira F. Law-ry; second lieutenant, Charles P. Morrison. 

Conqiany B — Captain, Eben P. Stanwood of West Xewbury: first 
lieutenant, Henry G. liollins of Groveland; second lieutenant, Moses 
B. ^lerrill of West Xewbury. 



646 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company C — Captain, William S. Pettingill of East Salisljurv; lirst 
lientenant, John O. Currier of Amesbury Mills; second lieutenant, 
Samuel Coffin of East Salisbury. 

Company D — Captain, Benjamin F. Xoycs of Ncnvbury; first lieu- 
tenant, William Lord 4th, of Ii).s\vich ; second lieutenant, James 
Wilson of Topsfield. 

Company E — Ca}>tain, Charles Howes of Essex: first lieutenant, 
Charles Saunders; second lieutenant, Charles J. Lee, both of Salem. 

Comjiany F — Captain, Edgar J. Sherman of Lawrence; first lieu- 
tenant, Francis M. Smith of Lynn; second lieutenant, Xicholas N. 
Noyes of Amesbury. 

Company G — Ca])tain, Roliinson X. Scholf of East Salisbury; first 
lieutennut, William E. Iiudderhamof Quincy; second lieutenant, John 
S. O'Brien of Boston. 

Company H — Captain, James C. Rogers of Chelsea; first lieutenant, 
Peter O. C. Frawley of Lowell; second lieutenant, James ^laginnis of 
Belmont. 

Company I, — Captain, Frank M. Smith of Lynn; first lieutenant, 
John Keade of Milfortl; second lieutenant, William J. Hartnett of 
Dedham. 

Company K — Captain, J. Scott Todd of Rowley; first lieutenant, 
Leach Clark; second lieutenant, Henry J. Bellen, both of Bostoji. 

The regiment went to New York on the 27th of December, and 
on the 29th went aboard the steamer Constellation under orders to 
join General Banks's forces in Louisiana. Sailing on the 4th of 
January, 1863, for Fortress Monroe, the vessel was detained there 
for seven days, when it resumed the voyage and reached New Orleans 
February 1. The regiment was transferred to the steamer New 
Brunswick on the 3d and sailed for Baton Rouge, where it was 
quartered at Camp Banks, being brigaded with the Twenty-first 
Maine and One Hundred and Sixteenth New York. The brigade 
— to which the Forty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment was presently 
added — was the First of the First Division, Nineteenth Corps. Gen- 
eral Augur commanded the division and Colonel E. P. Chapin of 
the One Hundred and Sixteenth the brigade. 

The first service of the regiment, apart from routine duties, came 
on the 13th of March, when long before daybreak it started out 
with a colored regiment and some cavalry on a reconnaissance. 
Going by transports to Springfield Landing, the force debarked 
under cover of the guns of Farragut's fleet, floundered for half a 
mile through the tidewater which covered the road from the laniling 
to the bluff, some of the way up to the men's waists, then formed 
the line of nmrch and penetrated as far as the junction of the 



THE FORTY-EiailTlI REGIMENT. <>47 

Springfield and Bayou Sara roads, the cavalry drivinu- in the riM-my's 
pickets but finding no call for the services of the infantry. Having 
advanced to within live miles of the Confederate lines about Port 
Hudson, the column returned to Baton Rouge. At Montecino liayou 
on the return the expedition met the head of Grover's Division. 
which was en route for a demonstration against the land defenses 
of Port Hudson, and on the following day the Forty-eighth took its 
place in the rear of the column, as guard to the baggage train. 
After the diversion General Banks returned to Montecino Bayou, 
where his army encamped for a few days, and on the 20th the 
Forty-eighth returned to their camp at Baton Rouge. At this time 
most of the troops were withdrawn from Baton Rouge to New 
Oi-lcans, whence they were to operate in other jtortions of Louisiana, 
leaving only the First and Third Brigades of Augur's Division at 
the former place, so that the Union lines were contracted and the 
.camp of the regiment was moved into the town. 

This position was occupied till the 18th of May without any im- 
portant event", when the regiment reported to Colonel Dudley, com- 
manding the Third Brigade, and was attached to his command for 
the advance toward Port Hudson. That movement began on the 
21st, the brigade leading the column, and when near Plains Store 
a hostile battery checked the advance. This was soon driven back, 
and not long afterward a section of Arnold's Battery was i)lanted 
on the direct road from the Store to Port Hudson and the Forty- 
eighth were detailed to support it, the line extending across the 
road and the regiment being directed to bivouac there for the night, 
the understanding being that the iianks were adctpiately protected 
by other troops. Fire was presently ojjcned by a b:itteiy of the 
enemy in front, and while the regiment was lying low to avoid the 
missiles a column of infantry passed the tiank of the ])rostrate line 
and gained its rear, being only discovered when with a yell it 
opened a heavy musket fire at short i-ange. The Forty-eighth were 
unavoidably thrown into some confusion, and fell back to the Store, 
while two regiments of the First Brigade advanced against the 
assailants, who retired without further conflict to the Port Hudson 
fortifications. The total loss of the regiment was 20, of whom 
two were killed, seven wounded and the rest taken ])ris()ners. 

On the 2r)th Augur's Division moved uj) the Bayou Sni-a road 
and to:,k its place for the investment of Port Huds'in. A u'eneral 



648 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

assault of the works being ordered for the 27th, the division "was 
called on for 200 volunteers for a storming party and the Forty- 
eighth promptly furnished nearly one-half that number, including 
Lieutenant Colonel O'Brien, 15 line officers and 77 enlisted men. 
One-half of this force was intended to carry fascines for filling the 
ditch, while the others were to dash across and mount the enemy's 
works. The approach to the hostile position was so difficult, how- 
ever, that storming party and main lines became mingled, and all 
finally broke and fell back without reaching the works, after suffer- 
ing severely. Lieutenant Colonel O'Brien was shot dead while 
cheering forward his forlorn hope early in the engagement, and the 
regiment lost six others killed and 41 wounded. 

After the failure of this assault regular approaches by siege 
began, and after serving in the duties required by the undertaking 
till the 5th of June the regiment was ordered back to Plains Store 
for guard duty, where it remained until the 13th. It was then 
ordered to the left and temporarily attached to Emory's Third Di- 
vision, commanded by General D wight in the illness of Emory, and 
on the 14th formed part of the assaulting column of that division, 
making a strong demonstration to cover a more determined attack 
by the other divisions. Some ground was gained, liut no impres- 
sion made on the intrcnchments at any i)oint, the loss of the Forty- 
eighth being two killed and 11 wounded. The following day the 
regiment returned to its brigade, with which it shared the toil and 
exposure of the remainder of the siege, but without further loss l)y 
battle. Disease wasted the command, in common with all . others, 
among the victims being Lieutenant Maginnis, who died June 21. 

Port Hudson surrendered on the 9th of July, and that evening 
Augur's Division, under command of General Weitzel, sailed down 
the river on transi)orts, debarking next morning at Donaldsonvillc, 
a short distance IjoIow which place the Confederates had planted 
batteries behind the levees cutting off communication with New 
Orleans. On the 13th the First and Third Brigades of Augur's 
Division moved up the right bank of the Bayou Lafourche under 
command of Colonel Dudley, with a detachment from G rover's 
Division on the left bank. After proceeding three or four miles 
the enemy was encountered in force with artillery, and as it was 
not intended to bring on an engagement the Union forces began to 
fall back. Those on the left bank making better time than 



THE FORTY-EIGUTH REGIMENT. 049 

Augur's men, the latter ^vcre exposed to a flank fire from across 
the stream, by which three of the Forty-eighth were killed and 
seven wounded ; and in extricating itself the regiment lost 23 capt- 
ured. The enlisted men were paroled and soon returned to duty, 
l)ut the two officers. Lieutenants Wilson and Bassett, Avcre taken 
to Texas and remained in captivity some time longer. 

In the open fields near Donaldsonville, the regiment went into 
camp till the 1st of August, when it returned to Baton Rouge, 
re-occui)icd its former camp till the 9th, when it went aboard the 
transport Sunny South and the following day sailed up the river 
for Cairo. Reaching that point on the 17th, the command took 
cars for Boston, where it arrived on the morning of the 23d. 
The men were furloughed till the 3d of September, while the final 
papers were prepared, when they re-assembled at Camp Lander and 
were mustered out. 



THE FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 



THE Forty-ninth Ret>imcnt was com])OScd of troops ffoni Berk- 
shire County enlisted inider the call of Auirust 4. 18G2, for 
nine months" service. The first rcnde/.vons was at Camp 
Briu'gs, Pittslield, to which the various companies rei)aired as their 
ranics were lilled, each coming in with a complete company organi- 
zation, the officers of the nine-months' troops having been elected by 
vote of the commands on the militia system. Com|)any A, of J'itts- 
field,Avhich had been waiting for a few days, using Burbank Hall for 
barracks, took possession of the camp on its vacation by the Thirty- 
seventh Regiment, September 7, and other companies followed so 
promptly that on the 18th and 19th of that month the first seven 
were mustei-ed into the national service and Captain William F. 
Bartlett (jf Ihe Twentieth Regiment took connnand of the ])os". 
On the 14th of October the last company arrived, and on the 
28th the nuistcr-in of the regiment was completed. Camp was 
quitted November 7 for more comfortable (juarters in llu' har- 
i-acks at Cam]) Wool, Worcester, where the Fifty-first Regiment also 
sojourned, the canij) being under command of Colonel G. II. Ward. 
A formal election for field officers was held by the line ofticers on 
the loth, and the I'esult was the lollowing original i-oster: — 

Colonel, William F. Bartlett of Pittsiield; lieutenant colonel. Samuel 
B. .Sumner of Great Burrington; nuijor, Charles T. Blunkctt of I'itts- 
lield; surgeon, Frederick AVinsor of Jiostou; assistant surgeon, Albert 
R. Rice of Springtield; adjutant. Benjamin C. Millin of Boston; 
quartermaster, Henry B. Brewster; sergeant major, Henry J. Wylie, 
both of Pittsficld ; quartermaster sergeant, George E. Howard of 
Lanesboro; commissary sergeant, H. H. Northroj) of Cheshire; hos- 
pital steward, Albert J. Morey of Lee; drum major, E. N. Merrv of 
Pittsiield. 

Company A, I'ittslield — Caj)tain, Israel C. AVeller; tirst lieutenant, 
George W. Clark; second lieutenant, Frederick A. Francis. 

Company B — Captain, ('harles IJ. (Jarlick of Lanesl)oro; first licm- 



THE FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. (iol 

teiKint, (Jharles \\. Kiiillin of West Stockbridge; second lieutenant, 
Kobcrt 11. Noble of Williamstown. 

ComiKiny C — Captain, George li. Lingenfeltcr of Pittslield; first 
lieutenant, Daniel Ji. Foster of Cheshire; second lieutenimt, William 
W. Wells of Pittslield. 

Company D, Great Barrington — Captain, Samuel J. Chaffee; lirst 
lieutenant, Joseph Tucker; second lieutenant, Thomas Sig,i;ins. 

Company K — Captain, Horace D. Train of ShetTleld; first lieuten- 
ant, Kobert T. Sherman of Egremont; second lieutenant, II. Dwight 
Sissons of Mew Marlboro. 

Company 1' — Cai)tain, Henjamin A. ■\Iorey of Lee; first lieutenant, 
Eilson T. Dresser of Stockbridge; second lieutenant, George 11. Sweet 
of Tyringham. 

C()m])any (J — Captain, I-'rancis W. Parker of Adams; lirst lieuten- 
ant, Kol)ert B. llarvic of Williamstown; second lieutenant, Henry M. 
Ly('ns of Adams. 

Company II — Captain, Augustus Y. Shannon of Lee; first lieuten- 
ant, liurton D. Deming of Sandistield; second lieutenant, DeWitt S. 
Smith of Lee. 

- Company 1 — Captain, Zenas C. Eennic- of Pittsfield; first lieuten- 
ant, Leroy S. Kellogg of Lee; second lieutenant, William Nichols of 
Williamstown. 

Com])any K — Captain, Byron Weston of Lee ; first lieutenant, 
Roscoe C. Taft of ShefTield; second lieutenant, Isaac E. -ludd of 
Egremont. 

Cam)) Wool was (piitted on the 29th of November, the regiment 
going by rail to Norwich, Ct., where the steamer Commodore was 
taken for Now York, the metropolis being reached early next morn- 
ing. A halt was made for a few days at the Franklin Street barracks 
in that city: but on the 4th of December the conimand inarched by 
way of Broadway to Peck Slip, crossed the Fast river and ])ro- 
cccdcd some miles out on Long Island to Camp Banks, where tents 
were pitched in the midst of 25 or 30 other regiments waiting to 
make part of "• Banks's Fxpedition.*' Many of the officers and en- 
listed men were detailed for service in New York on provost duty — 
principally arresting deserters — and the remainder shivered in 
their tents till the 23d of the month, when, some of the regiments 
having dei)arted, they moved to more comfortable (juarters in 
" Snedeker's Harracks." 

The .Forty-ninth with other troops embarked .lanuaiw 23. 18G3, 
on the steamer Illinois, and touching at Fortress Mon'.'oe three days 
later for orders continued on to New Orleans. That city was passed 
February 7, and at CarroUton, seven miles above, the reuiment 
landed, encamping in the vicinity till the l»)th, when traiispnit was 



652 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

taken for Baton Rouge. Arriving- there the Forty-ninth became a 
part of the First Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Corps; its 
fellow-regiments being the Forty -eighth Massachusetts, Twenty-Iirst 
Maine and One Hundred and Sixteenth New York — Colonel Chapin 
of the latter regiment commanding the brigade and General Augur 
the division. At Camp Banks near Baton Rouge some weeks were 
passed in routine duties, Avith no further excitement than an oc- 
casional exchange of shots with some scouting party on the picket 
lines ; but in common with all the northern troops the Forty-ninth 
suffered seriously from fevers and malarial complaints. 

Early in the morning of the 14th of ]\Iarch Augur's Division 
broke camp and followed those of Emory and Grover in the direc- 
tion of Port Hudson, to assist at the demonstration in favor of Far- 
ragut's fleet. That night a portion of the fleet succeeded in passing 
the batteries, so as to patrol the river between that point and Yicks- 
burg, and the regiment, having bivouacked within eight miles of 
the Confederate stronghold, returned next day to Baton Rouge. 
On reaching the latter place orders were received to return im- 
mediately to Bayou Montecino, some five miles away, where a large 
part of the troops had halted in coming in, and the command 
trudged back through a pouring rain. There they remained till the 
20th, returning then to Baton Rouge, where Company G was de- 
tailed for provost guard in the city. The remainder of the regi- 
ment selected a more favorable camping place on the 4tli of Aj)ril, 
in which it remained till Banks's decisive move against Port Hudson. 

In the mean time sickness was working especial havoc with both 
officers and men. In early May 300 of the members were off duty, 
so that when the regiment joined in the movement on the 20th of 
May not over 450 accompanied the colors, including Company G, 
which was presently returned to duty at Baton Rouge. Participat- 
ing in the little engagement at Plains Store on the 21st, the Forty- 
ninth suffered the loss of a few men wounded. Lieutenant Tucker 
losing a leg. With some additional skirmishing the regiment Mcnt 
into position in front of the Confederate works, and had its full 
share of the hardships of the siege which followed. 

A call being made on the 2Gth for volunteers for a forlorn hope 
for the assault of the following day, 65 men and officers responded, 
some 20 more than were required. In the futile attempt to carry 
the works by storm on the 27th the regiment bore a gallant ])art 



THE FOliTY-XINTU REGIMENT.- G53 

and suffered severely. Advancing over very dillicult ground, it 
reached the most advanced position occupied by troops of the divis- 
ion, losing 16 killed and 64 wounded out of a total present of 233. 
The colonel and lieuten:int colonel were wounded, devolving the 
command upon Major Plunkctt, who thenceforth led the regiment 
till the end of its service. Many of the line oflicers were wounded, 
Lieutenant Doming being killed and Lieutenant Judd fatally hurt, 
dying on the 13th of June. 

Though not joining in the assault of June 14, the Forty-ninth 
occujjied the front line of the division and ojjoned (ire on the enemy, 
suffering a loss of one killed and 17 wounded; and in the inccssnut 
skirmishing and sharp-shooting which continued till the surrender 
they bore a conspicuous part. After the surrender of Port Hudson 
the regiment descended the river to Donaldsonville, in which vicin- 
ity the Confederates had been operating, and on the 13th of July 
made an excursion into the interior along the Bayou La Fourche. 
During the afternoon they encountered a vastly superior force from 
General Taylor's army, by which they were nearly surrounded and 
were obliged to fall back in confusion with a loss of thiec killed, 
the adjutant and four others wounded and 16 taken prisoners. 

Returning to Donaldsonville, the regiment encamped in an open 
field near by, where it remained doing picket duty till the 1st of 
August, when it returned to Camp Banks at Baton Rouge, from 
which it had been al)scnt on an active campaign for more than ten 
weeks. The term of service having expired, Comjiany G rejoined 
the regiment on the 6th, the missing of the last engagement re- 
turned the following day, having been paroled, and on the 8th 
steamer was taken for New Orleans. There it was found that the 
expected transportation had been assigned to another command and 
the Forty -ninth embarked on the Steamer Temple for Cairo, 111., 
which was reached on the 16th. Cars were taken for home on the 
evening of the 18th, the journey by way of Indianapolis, Cleveland, 
Buffalo and Albany to Pittsfield being completed on the forenoon of 
the 22d, when the regiment was given an enthusiastic reception at its 
Berkshire home. On the 1st of September, the linal papers having 
been prepared, the cinnmand was formally mustered out of service. 



THE FIFTIETH REGIMENT. 



THE Fiftieth Regiment, an Essex county organization, was 
formed from the nucleus furnished by the Seventh Regiment 
of Militia, taking the new number as there was already a 
three-years' regiment in the field known as the Seventh. Its ren- 
dezvous was at Camp Edwin M. Stanton, Boxford, where it was 
rapidly filled to the required standard. Companies A and B were 
mustered on the 15th of September, 1862, six companies on the 
llHh, and H and I on the 29th and 30th respectively. The colonel 
and lieutenant colonel had risen from the militia ranks through 
their military ability, both having commanded companies in the Fifth 
Regiment at the first battle of Bull Run, and the Fiftieth showed 
the marks of their ellicient management. The entire field and staff 
were mustered November 11, and the roster of officers follows : — 

Colonel, Carlos P. Messer of Haverhill; lieutenant colonel, John 
W. Locke of Soutli licading; major, John Hodges, Jr., of Salcni; 
surgeon, William Cogswell uf Bradford; assistant surgeon, Nathaniel 
W. French of Concord, X. H.; chaplain, Iiol)ort Hassall of Haverhill: 
adjutant, Henry A. AVentworth of Maiden; quartermaster, Henry 1). 
Degan of South Reading; sergeant major, Oliver A. IJoberts; quar- 
termaster sergeant, David ^1. Kelley; commissary sergeant, Leonard 
Rand; hospital steward, B. Addison Sawyer, all of Haverhill; princi- 
pal musician, Henry Johnston of Tojjsfield. 

Company A, Salem — Captain, George D. Putnam; first lieutenant, 
Robert W. Reeves; second lieutenant, William B. Ui)ton. 

Company B — Captain, John L. Ward; lirst lieutenant, Edward W. 
Phillips; second lieutenant, William H. Hard, all of Salem. 

Comi)any C — Captain, Darius X. Stevens; first lieutenant, Samuel 
C. Trull, both of Stoneham; second lieutenant, Frederick Cochrane 
of .Methucn. 

Company D — Captain, Josiah W. Coburn of Reading; first lieuten- 
ant, John S. Coney of X'orth Reading; second lieutenant, Orainel G. 
Abbott of Readiuir. 



THE FIFTIETH UEGIMENT. 65-3 

Company E, South Kciulin^ — Captain, Samuel F. Littlefield; first 
lieutenant, Horace M. Wai-reii; secoiul lieutenant, James D. Dra])er. 

Conii)any F, Haverhill — Captain, Samuel W. Duncah: first lieuten- 
ant, David Boynton; second lieutenant, Ira Hurd. 

Company G, Haverhill — Captain, Georj^e W. Edwards; first lieuten- 
ant, (Jeoi'ire W. Wallace; second lieutenant. Andi'ew F. Stowe. 

Company H. Chelsea — Ca))tain, Cyi'us Hol)l)s; first lieutenant, 
Henry 'i'. Holmes; second lieutenant, William P. Daniels. 

Company I, ^^'orcester — Captain, Nicholas Power; first lieutenant. 
John J. O'Gorman: second lieutenant, Martin Hayes. 

Company K — Captain, John G. Barnes; fii'st lieutenant, John P. 
Bradstreet] hoth of Georgetown; second lieutenant, James H. Rund- 
lett of Bradford. 

The rciiimcnt left camp for Now York on the 19th of Xovcnibor, 
and after stopping for a few days in the city at the Franklin Street 
Barracks moved to Camp Banks on Long Island to await transpor- 
tation to New Orleans. It is illustrative of the straits to which 
the national government was reduced at times for transportation, 
that the Fiftieth were sent forward by detachments, as a result of 
which and the resultant delays the regiment was not again reunited 
till two-thirds ol the term of service had expired. On the 29th 
Comjjanies A, E, 1 and K went to New York for transportation, I 
going aboard the steamer New Brunswick and sailing on the 1st of 
December. This company reached Baton Rouge on the 16th and 
was attached to the Thirtieth Regiment till other detachments of 
the Fiftieth should arrive. The other three companies went aboard 
the Jersey Blue at the same time, but that craft did not sail till 
December 11, and on getting to sea it became imraanageable and 
put in to Hilton Head where the troops debarked and remained for 
three weeks, when they were taken on the bark Guerrilla, reached 
Xew Orleans January 20, 1863, went into camp at CarroUton till 
February 5, and wei'c then transferred to Baton Rouge. 

Five of the remaining companies were ]>ut aboard the steamer 
Niagara December 12, with the Held and staff officers, leaving 
Comj)any II behind for want of room. The Niagara sailed on the 
loth, but the first night she sjjrung a leak, putting in at the Dela- 
ware Breakwater and going thence to Philadelphia where she was 
examined and condemned. It was not till the 1st of January that 
the ship Jenny Lind reached Philadelphia with Company II on 
board, and not till the 9th that the six companies sailed for Fortress 
Monroe, reaching there on the l-Uh. As the ci'aft was l)adly 



o:,(i jMAssachusetts in the wae. 

crowded, Companies B, D and H were put on board the ship Monte- 
bello, which sailing on the 16th reached New Orleans the 27th. but 
with small-pox among some of the other troops on board. The 
detachment of the Fiftieth, commanded b)^ Lieutenant Colonel 
Locke, went with their companions into quarantine, suffering some- 
what from the disease but having no fatal cases. They did not 
join the regiment, however, till the 2d of April. The Jenny Lind 
reached New Orleans February 9, and the portion of the regiment 
which she brought was transferred to Baton Rouge by the steamer 
Iberville on the 14th, where it was attached to the Third Brigade, 
First Division. The other regiments of the brigade were the Thir- 
tieth Massachusetts, One Hundred and Sixty-first and One Hun- 
dred and Seventy-fourth New York and Second Louisiana. The 
"brigade was commanded by Colonel Dudley of the Thirtieth and 
the division by General Augur. 

After four weeks of drill and routine the regiment on the 14th 
of March set forth with other troops of General Banks's command 
to make a demonstration in the rear of Port Hudson, to aid in the 
attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the batteries, and that attempt 
being partially successful the regiment returned to its camp at 
Baton Rouge, but immediately took passage by steamer to Winter's 
Plantation, a few miles below Port Hudson and on the other side 
of the Mississippi, Avhere it went on picket till communication was 
had with Farragut in the river above. This being accomplished 
the command returned to its camp on the 26th. With the excep- 
tion of an expedition for the construction of a bridge on the Port 
Hudson road in which some of the comj)anies took j»art April 9, 
nothing notable occurred till the 12th of May, when the regiment 
nuirched with its brigade and the other troops toward Port Hudson. 
On i-eaching White's ]>ayou at the crossing of the Clinton road, 
ten miles southeast of Port Hudson, the regiment was posted to 
guard that point against roving forces of the enemy, Mdiile the lines 
were drawn about the stronghold. 

The preparations for assault being completed, the Fiftieth moved 
\i\) on the 26th within range of the enemy's guns, and on the fol- 
lowing day took part in the attack, though not closely engaged, 
losing four Avounded — one mortally. They were then engaged in 
supporting the Union batteries till the second assault, June 14, 
when Ihoy were in the reserve, taking no active part. Thenceforth 



THE FIFTIETH REGIMENT. OoT 

till the surrender on the 7th of July the reirimcnt was occupied in 
tlu! tluties of the sieue, principally in sui)i>ort of the artillery. The 
day after the capitulati(jn the Fiftieth were selected for garrison duty 
w ithin the captured fortifications, in which they were engaged dur- 
ing the remainder of their term of service. Setting out for home 
on the 2!tlh aboard the steamer Omaha, they ascended the Missis- 
siitpi to near Helena, Ark., when the vessel grounded on a san(i-l)ar, 
August o, necessitating the transfer of the command to the steauier 
G. !M. Kennett, by which they were safely delivered at Cairo, 111., 
on the 5th. Going thence by rail, Boston was reached on the 11th 
and the regiment was mustered out at Wenham on th-c 2-l:tli. Its 
service had been very fortunate as regarded fatality in battle, but 
one man having been killed in action, though 88 had died of disease, 
including Assistant Surgeon French at Baton Rouge, April 21. 



THE FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE Fil'ty-iirst Regiment eoiii})rised that part of the nine- 
months' quota recruited from the southern portion of Worces- 
ter County, including the city, and rendezvoused at Camp 
John E. Wool at Worcester, the camp being under the command 
of Colonel Ward of the Fifteenth Regiment. Six of the companies 
were mustered on the 25th of September, 1862, B, D and G on the 
30th, F on the 14tli of October, and the field officers on the 11th 
of November. The original roster is as follows — the field and 
staff with the exception of the surgeons l)oing Worcester men : — 

Colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague ; lieutenant colonel, John .M. 
Studley ; major, EHjah A. Harkuess ; surgeon, George Jewett of 
Fitchburg; assistant surgeons, J. Homer Darling of East J)ouglasaud 
Paul C. (iarvin of Boston; chaplain, Gilbert Cummings, Jr.; adju- 
tant, J. Stewart Brown ; quartermaster, Bonjaniiu 1). J)winuell; ser- 
geant major, George E. Bai'ton; quartermaster sergeant, Edward S. 
Washburn; commissary sergeant, Henry W. Stayner; hospital stew- 
ard, Edward P. Cotting. 

Company A — Cai)tain, Edwin A. Wood of Worcester; first lieuten- 
ant, John W. Sanderson of Westboro ; second lieutenant, Calvin N. 
Harrington of Worcester. 

Company B — Captain, George Bascom of Holden; first lieutenant, 
Francis AV. Adams of Brookfield; second lieutenant, George W. Dodd 
of Pax ton. 

Company C — Captain, Thomas W. Higginson ; first lieutenant, 
John 15. Goodcll; second lieutenant, Luther H. Bigelow, all of Worces- 
ter. (Cajitain Higginson was commissioned colonel of the First Soutii 
Carolina Volunteers November 17; during January, ]8(>;5, the two 
lieutenants were promoted in order and .1. Orlando Bemis became 
second lieutenant.) 

Company 1) — Captain, George W. l^routy; first lieutenant, Luther 
Capron, .Jr.; second lieutenant. .Joel H. Prouty, all of Worcester. 

Company E — Cajjtain, AVilliam F. AVheeler of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles P. Winslow of AVestboro ; second lieutenant, George 
F. Jourdan of Grafton. 

Company F — Captain, Joel S. ]5aldwin; first lieutenant, Charles H. 
Peck; second lieutenant, Samuel S. Eddy, all of Worcester. 



THE FIFTY-FIRST liEGUIENT. Ono 

C()ini):iny G — Captain. Thomas D. Kimball of Oxford ; first lieu- 
teiKuit, Charles 0. Stori's ; second lieutenant, Silas 8. Joy, both of 
AVi'liStiT. 

Company H — Captain, Moraoe Hobbs of Worcester; first lieuten- 
ant. Marrena H. White of Charlton; second lieutenant, Jacol* M. 
Hakcr of Dudley. 

Cv>mpany I-^Cai)tain, William Hunt of Douglas; first lieutenant, 
Harrison F. J^radish of I'pton; second lieutenant, Lucius M. 'J'liayer 
of Douglas. 

Company K — Captain, Daniel AV. Kiml)all of Mill])ury; first lieu- 
tenant, Joel H. Howe of Blackstone ; second lieutenant, Horace ('. 
Coleman of Mendon. 

With the muster of its field officers, all from active service in 
the field, orders came to the rcu-iment to proceed to North Carolina 
for service under General Foster, by especial request of that officer. 
Cars were taken for Boston on the 25th of November, aiid that 
afternoon the command went aboard the transport ]\rerrininc, sail- 
ing that evening. Beaufort, N. C, was reached on the 30th after 
a stormy voyage, cars were taken to Newbern, and the regiment 
was quartered in barracks which were being built on the south side 
of the Trent river. It was assigned to Colonel Amory's Brigade 
of Massachusetts troops, the other regiments being the Seventeenth, 
Twenty-third, Forty-third and Forty-fifth. 

The regiment was not armed till the 9th of December, and on 
the lltli it was ordered to form part of the Goldsboro expedition — 
a movement in co-operation with General Burnside's battle of Fred- 
ericksburg. Setting out that morning, it marched with the main 
colunni till the following afternoon, when it was detailed with a 
section of artillery under Captain Ransom of the Twenty-fourth 
New York Battery to guard Beaver Creek bridge and the main 
roads to Kinston and Trenton, in the rear of the advancing col- 
umn. At sunrise on the morning of the 14th, in charge of some 
prisoners which had been picked up by the Union cavalry, it 
marched to join the brigade, which it overtook that evening, and 
was under fire in the engagement at Whitehall the l(Uh, though 
not taking an active part. During the operation at Goldsboro on 
the 17th the regiment was on duty as guard of the rear of the col- 
umn and the long baggage train, from which it was relieved when 
the force again marched toward Newl)ern, the railroad bridge at 
Goldsboro having been destroyed, — news of the defeat of Burnsidc 
at Fredericksburg being received en route. The barracks on the 



660 ^rASSACH[TSETTS IN THE WAli. 

Trent were reached on the 21st, the loss of the command during 
the expedition having l)een but two wounded. On the 30th Com- 
pany (t was detailed for garrison duty at Brice's Ferry, where it 
remained till the expiration of its term of service. 

On tlie ITtli of January, 1803, seven companies of the re<>iment 
took part in the expedition to Pollockville, whence on the following 
morning two companies went with the main column to Trenton 
while the five remaining, with some cavalry, held Pollockville till 
the return of the force. The five companies were then sent on in 
advance to Young's Cross Roads, passing which they encountered 
at White Oak Creek the enemy's outposts and drove them back. 
On the 20th they crossed the river and formed an outpost on the 
Jacksonville road, the entire force returning next day to the camps 
about Newbern. 

During this time the Fifty-first suffered much from the ravages 
of disease, many of the members having died of cerebro-sjtinal 
meningitis, and on the 2d and 3d of March the regiment was dis- 
tributed at various points along the railroad between Newbern and 
Morehead City, relieving the garrisons at those places and also at 
Beaufort and Evans's Mills, Avith head-quarters at Beaufort, Major 
Harkness being provost marshal of that town and Morehead City; 
Colonel Sprague was assigned to the command of the District of 
Beaufort, which included Fort Macon. After two months of this 
service the health of the command having greatly improved, the 
regiment returned on the 4th of May to the barracks at Newbern. 

A reconnaissance was made on the Tth by Colonel 8prague with 
five comi)anies of his regiment, a section of artillery and a small 
cavalry force, tlie infantry going as far as Cedar Point and the 
cavalry penetrating several hours' ride beyond, but encountering 
no enemy and returning to Newbern on the 10th. This proved the 
last active campaigning of the regiment in North Carolina. The 
barracks were vacated on the 22d and Camp Wellington was es- 
tablished near the junction of the Neuse and Trent rivers, and 
there the time was passed till the 24th of June, when the Fifty-first 
were ordered to Fortress Monroe and sailed that afternoon, leaving 
behind 1S3 sick nicmbcrs. Arriving on the morning of the 27th, 
the reginicnl, wilh olhcr Massachusetts troops from North Car- 
olina, was ordered to report to Ceneral Dix at White House, and 
did so the following morning, only to be directed to return to the 



THE FIFTY-FUtST llEGniENT. m\ 

Fortress and thence to Massachusetts for muster out, Ceneral Di.\ 
having" abandoned, if lie had i-eally entertained, tlio ]il:in of attack- 
ing Ivichniond at that time. 

The return to the Fortress was made that eveninu', liut while wait- 
ing for transportation home, on learning from (General Naglee of 
the advance into Maryland by the Confederates under General Lee, 
Colonel Sprague tendered to the secretary of war the services of 
his command during the emergency. The offer being accei)te(l, the 
regiment was directed to report to General Schenck at Baltimore, 
commanding the Middle Department, and reached that city on the 
1st of July. It was quartered in the Belger barracks on the out- 
skirts of the city, and details were at once put to work on the fortifi- 
cations which were being erected in anticipation of a Confederate 
mo\-enumt against the city. Other duties came to the command, 
as on the 4th, when it was iletailed to search the houses of the 
citizens for arms, collecting a large quantity which were ))laced 
'under guard; and on the '")th, when six companies under rjieiilen- 
ant Colonel Studley escorted from the railroad station to Fort ^Ic- 
iJenry 2,800 ])risoners of war captured at Gettysburg. 

Early next morning, with three days' rations and 60 rounds of 
ammunition, the regiment reported to General H. S. Briggs at the 
Baltimore and Ohio depot, where it was attached to a j)i'ovisional 
brigade under his command, the other regiments being the Eighth, 
Thirty-ninth and Forty-sixth Massachusetts, and going by rail to 
Sandy Hook, reached there the next afternoon. That night the 
three nine-mon'hs' regiments of the brigade, with a Pennsylvania 
battery, all under command of Colonel Sprague, eliml)ed ^Mai'vland 
Ilights through a driving rain-stoi'm ami intense darkness, leach- 
ing Fort Duncan about daylight next morning. There the Fifty- 
first remained till the 12th, when orders were received to j(tin the 
Army of the Potomac, and that evening at 9 o'clock the brigade 
began its march. 

The Federal lines near Funkstown were reached at 3 o'clock the 
next afternoon, when the brigade was attached to the Second Divis- 
ion, First Corps, and took position.in the second line of battle con- 
fronting the Confederate army before Williamsport. So severe had 
been the ravages of disease resulting from the malarial poisoning 
of the North Carolina SAvamps and the exposure of the men that at 
til is time the regiment was reduced to 275 for duty out of 800 on 



602 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the rolls. During the following night the Confederates disappeared, 
having recrossed the river into Virginia, and the Union army ad- 
vanced to "Williamsport, where the regiment bivouacked the night 
of the 14th. On the IStli it marched back through Funkstown and 
across the Antietam, over the mountains to near Berlin, where a 
ponton bridge was thrown across the Potomac. 

While resting there on the 17th orders were received for the 
regiment to proceed at once to Massachusetts to be mustered out. 
Baltimore was reached the following morning, and by easy stages 
the command made its way to Worcester, which was reached on the 
21st; the men were furloughed for six days while their final papers 
were being made out, and on the 27th were mxustered out by Captain 
Lawrence of the Fourth United States Infantry, after a service of 
nearlv ten months. 



THE FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-second Regiment was recruited in Franklin and 
I fann)shire counties, in response to the call for troops for 
nine lUDuths' service, the companies and detachments gath- 
ering at Camp ^liller, Greenfield, and the command filled promptly. 
Companies A and C were mustered on the 2d of October, lSf!2, 
and the remaining eight on the 11th, though the field and staff 
.were not mustered till the 19th of November, at which time the* 
regiment was ordered to New York to take passage for Louisiana 
as a })ortion of the Banks expedition. The roster of officers with 
whieli the regiment went forth follows: — 

Colonel, Ilulbert S. Greenleaf of Slielburne; lieutenant colonel, 
Samuel J. Storrs of Amherst; major, Henry Winn of lioston ; sur- 
geon, Frederick A. Sawyer of Greenfield; assistaut surgeon, John H. 
Kiehardsou of Chesterfield; chaplain. John F. iloors of Greenfield; 
adjutant, Jellord M. Decker of Lawrence; quai'termaster, Edwin C. 
Clark; sergeant major, Henry M. Whitney; quartermaster sergeant, 
Edward A. Whitney all of Northampton; commissary sergeant. Henry 
L. Uoylston of Greenfield; hot^pital steward, George D. Clark of 
Northampton. 

Company A — Captain. Alanson !>. Long of Greenfield: first lieu- 
tenant. Eben S. Hurlburt of lieriuirdston; seeond lieutenant. Frank- 
lin C. Severance of Greenfield. 

Company B — Captain, Alvah P. Nelson of Colei'aine; first lieuten- 
ant, Leonard B. liiee of Charlemont; second lieutenant, John' W. 
liuddington of Leyden. 

Company C, Northampton — Captain, Mark H. Spaulding; first 
lieutenant, John R. Hillman; second lieutenant, Luther A. Clark. 

Company D — Captain, Horace Hosford of Conway; first lieutenant, 
Samuel F. Edwards of Southampton; second lieutenant, Oliver P. 
Edgerton of Conway. 

Comi)any E — Captain, Josiah A. Richmond of Bueklaiul ; first 
lieutenant, Ansel K. Bradford of Plainfield; second lieutenant. Sam- 
uel H. Blackwell of Shelburne. 

Comjiany F — Captain, Lncian IT. Stone of Montague; first lieu- 



GG4 JifASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

tenant. Alplionzo A. Ballon of Orange: second lieutenant, Marshall 
S! btearns of Xorthtield. 

Company G — Captain, George L. Bliss of Northampton : first lieu- 
tenant, Justin P. Kellogg ; second lieutenant, Asa A. Spear, both of 
Amlierst. 

Company II — Captain, William Perkins of Hadley : first lieutenant, 
S. Alonzo" Williams of South Iladley ; second lieutenant, Malcolm 
Bridgnian of (Jranby. 

Comi)anv I — Captain, Charles E. Tilestou of Williamsburg; first 
lieutenant.' Lucius 0. Taylor of Chesterfield : second lientenant. James 
\V. Clark of Xorthampton. 

Company K — Captain. Edwin C. Bissell of Westhampton ; first 
lieutenant, Lewis Clapp of Easthampton ; second lieutenant, Henry 
P. Billings of Hatfield. 

On the dav that its field officers were mustered the regiment was 
ordered to New York, and so complete were its preparations that it 
left Camp Miller the 20th, and on reaching New York crossed to 
Long Island, where with the other regiments gathering for the 
"Banks Expedition" it went into camp lor a short time. On the 
"2d of December it embarked on the si earner Illinois and sailed for 
Louisiana, touching at Ship Island and at New Orleans and reach- 
ing Baton Rouge on the 17th. There the regiment encamped in 
the easterly portion of the town, within a mile of the river, being 
brigaded with the Forty-first Massachusetts, Twenty-fourth Con- 
necticut and Ninety-first New York Regiments. The latter some- 
what later gave place to the Twelfth Maine, Colonel William R. 
Kimball of that regiment commanding the brigade, w'hich was 
known as the Second Brigade, Fourth (Grovers) Division. 

The Fifty-second remained at Baton Rouge, perfecting them- 
selves in the art of war, till the reconnaissance to the rear of Fort 
Hudson in aid of Admiral Farragut's attempt to run the batteries 
with a portion of his fleet, when they advanced on the 13th of 
March some seven miles and bivouacked for the night. The next 
day, supported by a small cavalry force, the regiment penetrated to 
within a few hundred yards of the hostile intrenchments, reaching 
a point more than a mile in advance of the other regiments, and 
winning praise for its deportment. Returning to its camp at Baton 
Rouge on the 20th, the command remained there till the 27th, when 
it took steamer to Donaldsonville, and on the 31st began the marcii 
with the rest of Grover's Division up the Bayou Lafourche to Thi- 
bodeaux. That place was reached xVpril 2, and on the 4th the regi- 



THE FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 665 

ment was transported by rail to Bayou Bcfiiif, whence on the 9th it 
nmrchcd to IJi'ashcar City. Two days hiter it took steamer and on 
llie loth huided at Indian Bend on Grand Lake, 35 miles liom 
Hrashcar, — the intention being that Grover's Division should ohtain 
a |)osition to cut ol'f the retreat of the Coni'ederate force at Bislaiid, 
amainst which other portions of Banks's army were movinu'. 

Ad\ ancino- a few miles, the division drove before it such of the 
.enemy as were encountered, and the following day the battle of 
Indian Ridge (also called Centreville, Bayou Teche, etc.,) was 
fought, Kimball's Brigade not participating. The pursuit of the 
retreating foe was taken up on the loth, and two days' marching 
took the regiment to New Iberia, where Companies A, E, F and G 
were detached and remained as provost guard while the rest of the 
regiment went on to Opelousas, reaching there on the 20th and six 
days later marching to Barre's Landing on Vermillion Bayou, nine 
miles distant. With a section of Xims's Battery, tiie six companies 
of the Fifty-second i-cmained at this point, gathering antl guard- 
ing fi'rage and supplies of all kinds, caring for the negroes, loading 
and unloading vessels, Colonel Thomas F. Chickering of the Third 
Massachusetts Cavalry taking command of the post May 12. On 
the 19th the companies left at New Iberia rejoined the regiment, 
coming by boat from Brashear City, and two days later the Fifty- 
second set out on the return march to Brashear, escorting over the 
route a large number of negroes and a long supply train. For some 
days an average march of 18 miles was made, but on the 25th the 
distance Avas more than doubled, as an attack at the rear of the 
colunni called the regiment back five miles, though its services were 
not needed to drive off the annoying force. The column moved on 
all night, making the day's march 40 miles, and on the 2Gtli 
reached Brashear City. The regiment went by rail to Algiers on the 
28th, the day following took steamer to Sjiringdeld Lan<ling, a few 
miles above Baton Rouge, which was reached on the afternoon of 
the 30th, whence the command marched to join its brigade before 
Port Hudson, 13 miles distant, reaching there about midnight and 
closing a season of sevci'e exertion. 

The regiment formed a part of the column under General ]*aine 
which was sent on the 5th of June to disperse a threatening force 
of the enemy near Clinton, and having performed that duty with- 
out an enu'auement returned to the lines on the 8th. In the assault 



666 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of the 14tli the regiment formed part of General Weitzel's attacK- 
ingcohimn; but as the fight developed it was deployed and skir- 
mished to the right to protect the flank of the Union advance, 
doing its duty faithfully through the trying day and suffering a loss 
of three killed and seven Tvoundcd, — of the latter Captain Bliss of 
Company G mortally. 

Till the 20th the regiment occupied the advanced ground gained 
on the 14th, within easy rifle shot of the hostile line, losing several 
killed and wounded by the fire of sharp-shooters. On that day, 
accompanied by some cavalry and a section of artillery, all under 
command of Colonel Green leaf, the Fifty -second escorted a forage 
train to Jackson Cross Roads, and while the wagons were being 
loaded an attack was made by a stronger force of Confederates, 
who were repulsed with a loss to the Fifty-second of two taken 
prisoners, though the enemy succeeded in stampeding a considerable 
number of the teams. 

The regiment returned that night to its position at the front, 
where it remained till the surrender of Port Hudson, its total loss 
in killed being nine. Directly afterward the term of service of the 
command expired, and on its homeward trip it had the distinction 
of being the first regiment to ascend the Mississippi after the river 
was opened to navigation by the surrenders of Yicksburg and Port 
Hudson, reaching Greenfield on the 3d of August. The men were 
furloughed for a short time while the final papers Avere being pre- 
pared, but re-assembled and were mustered out on the 14th. Dur- 
ing its service the command lost 90 men by death from disease, 
and but three by desertion, — the latter a showing equaled by not 
more than one other rcffiment from the state. 



THE FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-third Regiment was made up from the towns of 
Northern Worcester county and the adjoining portions of 
Middlesex. Its rendezvous was at Camp Stevens, Groton 
Junction, the post being commanded by Captain Wesley C. Sawyer. 
Seven companies were mustered October 17, 1862, H and 1 on the 
18th, but C Avas not filled to the i,;equisite standard till November 6. 
The held and staii', though commissioned November • 8, Avere not 
mustered till December, after the regiment had reached New York, 
when the roster stood as follows : — 

Colonel, John W. Kini])all ot',Fitchburg ; lieutenant colonel, George 
11. Barrett of A.shburnhain ; major, James A. Pratt of Sterling; sur- 
geon, John Q. A. MeCollister of Groton; assistant surgeon, William 
L. Bond of Charlestown ; chaplain, Benjamin F. Whitteniore of Ber- 
lin ; adjutant, Henry A. Willis of Fitehburg ; quartermaster, Edward 
A. Brown of Royalston ; sergeant major, Harlan P. Partridge of 
I'^itchburg ; quartermaster sergeant, Herman M. Partridge of Koyal- 
ston ; commissary sergeant, James R. Brown ; hospital stcAvard. Charles 
G. Allen, both of Barre; drum major, Edwin D. Atherton of Fitehburg. 

Company A, Fitehburg — Captain, Eugene T. Miles ; tirst lieuten- 
ant, George G. Nutting ; second lieutenant, Daniel W. Tuttlc. 

Company B — Captain, James Corey; tirst lietitenant, Carlos B. 
Wilson, both of Fitehburg ; second lieutenant, Oscar A. Battles of 
Ashby. 

Company C — Captain, Joel A. Stratton of Leominster; tirst lieu- 
tenant, Alfred K. Glover of West Roxburv ; second lieutenant, James 
W.' Hall of East Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Andrew J. Clough of Shirley ; first lieuten- 
ant, Anson D. Fessenden of Townsend ; second lieutenant, Stei)hea 
AV. Longley of Shirley. 

Coni]iany E — Captain, Farwell F. Fay of Athol ; first lieutenant, 
l^enjamin II. Brown of Koyalston ; second lieutenant, Varuum V. 
\'aughn of New Salem. 

Company F — Captain, John G. Mudge of Petersham ; first lieu- 
tenant. Pliny II. Babbitt ; second lieutenant, Abijali II. Sbattuck, 
bntli of Barre. 



063 ilASSACiniSETTS INJIIE WAR. 

Companv G — Captain, John F. Asliley ; first lieutenant. Charles 
W. Uphani, both of Gardner ; second lieutenant, John 1 ). Edgell of 
Temi)k'f()ii. 

Company 11 — Captain, Lyman Woodward of J[u])bardston ; first 
lieutenant, Geor<i-e E. Priest of AVatertown ; second lieutenant, IJus- 
sell Carrutli of Philli[)ston. 

Company I — Ca])tain. Edward R. Washburn of Lancaster; first 
lieutenant, Josiah IL Vose ; second lieutomint. William T. Freeman, 
both of Clinton. 

Company K — Captain, Samuel B. Beanian of Princeton; first lieu- 
tenant, Pierson T. K. Burpee ; second lieutenant, Edward W. Toombs, 
both of Sterling. 

The regiment received orders on the 18th of November to report 
to General Banks at New York, and 11 days later left for that city 
nnder command of Lieutenant Colonel Barrett. Colonel Kimball, 
who during the summer and fall had as lieutenant colonel been in 
command of i\\Q Fifteenth Regiment, joined the Fifty-third and took 
command upon their arrival at New York. Reaching that city on 
the 30th, the regiment w^as ordered to Camp Banks on Long Island, 
where it remained but a few days, the men having no other protec- 
tion from the severe weather than was afforded by their shelter 
tents. The command was then ti-ansferrcd to the Franklin Street 
Barracks in New York, where it remained till January 17, 1863, 
when it embarked on the steamer Continental, reaching New^ Orleans 
after a stormy ])assage of 1 2 days and going into camp at Carrollton, 
being assigned to the Third Brigade, Third Division. The other 
regiments of the brigade were the Thirty-first and Thirty-eight 
Massachusetts, One Ilundred and Fifty-sixth and One Hundred and 
8eventy-Fifth New York. Colonel Gooding of the Thirty-first com- 
manded the brigade and General Emory the division. 

After six weeks devoted to drill, discipline and camp duty, the 
regiment on the Gth of March took steamer and ascended the Mis- 
sissipj)! to Baton Rouge, where troojis were being concentrated in 
readiness for the ))reliminary movements against Port Iludsen. 
Encamping three miles below the city, the connuaiid was on the 
12th ordered on a reconnaissance up the river, and embarking on 
two transports, convoyed by a gun-boat, it ascended some live miles, 
when it debarked and with a squad of cavalry in advance ])enetrated 
to the Bayou Sara road, driving in the enemy's outposts and return- 
ing by the road to Baton Rouge, which was reached the same after- 
noon, some forage being brought in. Next evening the regiment 



THE FIFTY-TIIIIiV REGIMENT. 669 

inarched with the rest of the division in the direction of Port Hud- 
son, within some three miles of which it bivouacked on the after- 
noon of the 14th. Durinii- that night Admiral Farragut ran the 
batteries with a portion of his fleet, and the object of tiu; expedition 
lioiug thus accomi)lislu'd Ihe land force marclied back toward I>aton 
l\i)iig-e next day, the Fifty-third haltinu' some five miles short of the 
city and remaining in camp there till the 20th — in the mean time 
taking part in an eventless excursion toward Clinton. 

The division returned to Baton Rouge on the 20th, and the regi- 
ment reoccupied its camp below the city, remaining there till the 
1st of April, when it embarked for Algiers, opposite New Orleans. 
Reaching there the 2d, it encami)ed for a week, when cars were 
taken for l^rashear City, from Avhich an expedition was about to 
set forth across the Teche country, — the object being to rid that 
region of any formidable bands of Confederates previous to the 
movement in force against Port Hudson. On the 11th the regiment 
marched eight miles to Pattersonville, and the next day moved for- 
ward some four miles, ])usliing the enemy's skirmishers back the 
last half of the distance till his main works were approached. An 
artillery engagement took place during the rest of that day, and 
was resumed the following morning, with the regiment in support 
of a battery, but in the afternoon it advanced toward the hostile 
fortifications, halting for the night in a position within 400 feet 
of the enemy's lines. During the day the loss of the Fifty-third 
was three killed, including Lieutenant Nutting, and 11 wounded. 
At daylight of the 14tli the regiment moved forward, to find that 
the enemy had retreated during the night, and its colors were 
the first to wave over Fort Bisland. 

At noon of that day the pursuit of the Confederates was begun, 
the Fifty-third marching u\) the left bank of the Teche to Franklin, 
foraging bv the way, and next day rejoining the division, which had 
marched on the other bank of the river. The pursuit, with some 
skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard, was continued to Opeh)u- 
sas, which was reached on the 20th, after a very fatiguing march. 
There a halt was made till the 5th of May, when the column set out 
for Alexandria on the Red river, making the hundred miles in four 
days. After resting there ten days the retrograde movement toward 
Port Hudson l)egan, the march to Simmsport on the Atcliafalaya 
beginning on the 15th and ending on the 18th. There the Third and 



G-f() MASSACHUSETTS IiV THE WAR. 

Fourth Divisions g-athered for the movement against the Confederate 
stronghold from above, while the other two divisions of the corps 
co-operated from below, the main body leaving Simmsport on the 
21st. The Fifty-third remained on guard at Simmsport till even- 
ing of the 22d, when they took a transport for Bayou Sara, and on 
reaching there at once marched to join the division, which, 12 miles 
distant, was already drawing near to Port Hudson. 

Rejoining its brigade during the 23d, the regiment was that night 
placed on picket, and the following day was selected as guard to 
the engineer corps, leading the column in the advance. Some skir- 
mishing took place during the day, while the engineers were select- 
ing the route through the forest, and the night which followed was 
passed by the regiment in the woods remote from support. The 
command returned to the brigade in the morning, but soon after 
noon was advanced to support the skirmishers, relieving a portion 
of the line at dusk and soon after finding itself fired upon by 
troops from the rear as well as the enemy in front. It was relieved 
in the morning after having repulsed an advance of the Confeder- 
ates, and was not further engaged till the assault on the 27th. 

At the opening of the battle on that day it was formed in support 
of the Thirty-eighth Massachusetts, and was presently detached for 
the support of two batteries, but sometime before noon was ordered 
to relieve the Ninety-first New York on the skirmish line at the 
brow of a hill within 200 feet of the Confederate intrenchments. 
This position was held for more than 2-1 hours, under the hre of 
the enemy's sharpshooters, by which the regiment lost a number 
wounded, including Captain George H. Bailey of Company A, just 
commissioned, who died during the 27th. (This company was es- 
])ccially unfortunate in the loss of its oihcers ; Captain Miles had 
resigned before the regiment left New York ; Ca})tain Bailey was 
succeeded by Jerome K. Taft, whohad already been promoted from 
sergeant to first lieutenant vice Nutting killed. Captain Taft in turn 
dying of wounds on the 2d of July.) Being relieved the regiment 
rejoined the brigade at the right, and till and during the 1st of 
June was occujMed in picket and fatigue duty. That evening it 
relieved the Fourth Wisconsin at the front, remaining till the 4th, 
during which time it had two men killed and three wounded. 

Early in the morning of the 5th it set out as part of an expedi- 
tion to drive away a threatening band of hostile cavalry in the vicin- 



THE FIFTY-TllIIlI) liEGIMEXT. 671 

ity of Clinton, some 25 or 30 miles to the northeast — a four-days' 
jaunt during- which the command suffered much from the heat, but 
acconij)lished its purpose without a fight. After the return a sea- 
son of quiet ensued till the evening of the 13th, when the regiment 
was selected to form part of the storming column for an assault on 
the works at dawn of the following morning. With the Tliirty- 
cighth Regiment, the Fifty-third supjwrted two other regiments 
deployed as skirmishers, and advanced under a heavy fire. The 
order to charge was bravely responded to, some of the men even 
leaching 1 lie Confederate lines and being captured; but the force 
was inadequate and the slaughter so terrible that the survivors 
were forced to seek shelter at the foot of a slight hill close by, 
where they remained througli the day, being unable till dark to re- 
tire or to assist their wounded. The eight companies of the regi- 
ment taking part — two being on detached duty during the entire 
cami)aign — had a total of some 300 present, of whom 18 were 
killed or fatally wounded, and 68 wounded. Among the killed was 
Lieutenant Glover of Company C. On the same day Lieutenant 
Vose died of wounds i)reviously received. 

After this heroic endeavor the Fifty-third rested till the 19th, 
when they again went to the front to support a battery, in which 
position they remained till the surrender of Port Hudson. They 
then performed picket duty a few miles to the rear for two days, 
marching toward Baton Rouge on the 11th of July and reached 
there next day. On the 15th the regiment took transport for Don- 
aldsonville, where it encamped near the junction of Bayou Fourche 
and the Mississippi till the 2d of August, when it returned to Baton 
Rouge. Ten days later it set out for home, embarking on the 
steamer Meteor for Cairo, 111., taking cars thence on the 19th and 
reaching Fitchburg on the 24th. After a formal reception the mem- 
l)crs were furloughed for a week, when they re-assembled at Camp 
Stevens, and on the 2d of September, the final papers having been 
completed, the command was mustered out by Captain Lawrence. 

Of the 950 ollicers and men com])Osing the regiment, 165 gave 
their lives for their country during the term of service, 33 being 
killed in battle or dying of wounds and 132 from disease, — a total 
loss of life nnich exceeding that of any other nine-months' regiment 
from the state. The Forty-ninth Regiment only of the short-term 
organizations lost a larger number killed in action. 



THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-fourth Regiment was recruited under authority 
granted hy the Secretary of War in an order dated January 
26, 1863, authorizing Governor Andrew to include in the 
troops which he was to raise " persons of African descent, organ- 
ized into special corps." This authority reached Massachusetts 
four days after its date, and on tlie 9th of February recruiting began 
at Boston for the proposed colored regiment, to be officered by white 
men. A S([uad of 27 forming the nucleus of the organization 
reached Camp Meigs at Readville on the 21st, and by the close of 
March four companies had been filled and mustered. Three more 
were mustered April 23, and the remainder May 13, when the regi- 
ment was more than filled, the surplus going to form the Fifty-fifth 
Regiment. The men came from all parts of Massachusetts and from 
many other states, actuated by patriotic motives alone, as no bounty 
was offered, though $50 per man was voluntarily paid by the state 
after the regiment was filled. The matter of securing proper offi- 
cers for this special corps was an important one, to which the gov- 
ernor gave careful attention, and his selections seem generally to 
have l)een made with excellent judgment. Captain Robert G. 
Shaw of the Second Massachusetts was promoted to the rank of 
majcn" and placed in charge of the regiment during its foi-mation, 
being couimissioned colonel April 17, with Captain N. P. Haliowell 
of the Twentieth Regiment as lieutenant colonel. The latter was 
placed in command of the Fifty-fifth, however, and did not after- 
ward serve with the Fifty-fourth. It was also found necessary to 
assign several other oflicers from the completed regiment to the 
Fifty-fifth, so that when the Fifty-fourth left the state it was with a 
somewhat incomplete roster. The list in actual service at that time 
was as follows: — 

Colonel, Robert 0. Siiaw of Boston ; major, Edward N. Ilallowell 
of Medford; surgeon, Lincoln R. Stone of Salem; assistant surgeon. 



THE FIFTY-FOUIiTlI llEGUIENT. 073 

Chiirles E. Bridghaiu of Buckfield, iMc. ; adjutant, Garth W. James 
of Newport, W. \.\ quartcniiaster, John Kitchie of Boston ; sergeant 
major, Lewis II. Douglass; commissai'v sergeant, Artliur B. Lee of 
Boston; hospital steward, Theodore J. Becker of Fitehhurg; ])rin('ipal 
mnsiiMan, Tiiomas K. Platner. 

Compan}^ A — Captain, John W. M. Appleton of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, William IL llomans of Maiden. 

Company B — Captain. Samuel Willard of Boston; first lientenant, 
James yi. Walton of Philadelphia, Pa.; second lientenant, Thomas L. 
Appleton of Brighton. 

Company C — First lieutenant. James W. Crace of Xew Bedford; 
second lientenant, Jienjamin F. Dexter of Boston. 

Comiiany D — Captain, Edward L. Jones of Boston ; first lienten- 
ant, Richard H. L. Jewett of Chicago. 111. 

Coini)any E — Captain, Luis F. Emilio of Salem; second lieutenant, 
David lieed of Boston. 

Company F — Captain, Watson AV, Bridge of Springfield ; second 
lieutenant, Alexander Johnston of Manchester, X. H. 

Company G— First lieutenant, Orin E. Smith of Webster; second 
lieutenant, James A. Pratt of AVest Roxbnry. 

Comitany 11 — Captain, Cabot J. Russel of New York City; second 
lieutenant, Willard Howard of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, George Pope of Brookline; first lieutenant, 
Francis L. Iligginson; secoud lieutenant, Charles E. Tncker, both of 
Boston. 

Comjiany K — Captain, AVilliam II. Simpkins of West Roxbnry; 
second lieutenant, Ilenry AV. Littlefield of Milton. 

Probably at the time of leaving the state the roster of officers 
was nominally filled ; but while some necessarily remained to assist 
in the formation of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, others were on stalT 
or detached duty from which they did not return to their places in 
the Fifty-fourth, and yet others did not report for service. The 
regiment left camp on the 28th of May, 1863, under orders to re- 
port to General David Hunter, commanding the Department of the 
South, took cars to Boston, and after being reviewed on the Com- 
mon by Governor Andrew embarked from Battery AVharf on the 
trans])()rt De Molay. On reporting at Hilton Head with his regi- 
ment Jinic 3, Colonel Shaw was directed to proceed to Beaufort, 
where the transport arrived the same day, and on the 4th the regi- 
ment del)arkcd and went into camp on Thompson's Plantation, a 
short distance out of town. After a stop there of four days, dur- 
ing which details assisted on fortifications being built in the vicinity, 
Colonel Shaw was directed to report with his regiment to Colonel 
James Montgomery of the Second South Carolina Regiment, stationed 



674 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE ]\'A I!. 

on St. Simon's Island off the Georgia coast some GO miles soutli 
of Savannah. The regiment went aboard the De Mohiy and reached 
its destination the following day, debarking at ^e\y Frederica and 
bivouacking for the night. Next afternoon eight companies of tlie 
Fifty-fourth with a part of the Second South Carolina, the whole 
commanded by Colonel Montgomery, embarked on the steamer 
Sentinel and proceeded up the Altamaha river, reaching Daricn the 
next day. The place was found deserted, the inhabitants having 
received news of the coming expedition and retired to the interior, 
taking their slaves with them. The town was burned, by order of 
Colonel Montgomery and much against the wish of the Fifty-fourth 
oflicers and men, and with no other ])rize than a schooner load of 
cotton the party returned to Frederica. After encamping there for 
two weeks the Fifty-fourth again followed Colonel Montgomery, this 
time to Hilton Head by the Transport Ben Deford, where it re- 
ported on the 25th and proceeded at once to St. Helena Island, and 
going into camp a mile from the landing remained for two weeks 
busy with drill and camp duties. 

The brigade under Colonel Montgomery — the two regiments — 
again emliarked on the 8th of July and proceeded to Stono Inlet, 
where it was made part of the force under General A. H. Terry 
destined for an expedition to James Island. A landing was made 
on the 11th and a position occu}jied some two miles from the Con- 
federate works at Secessionvillc. The Fifty-fourth were first called 
to action on the morning of the 16th, when a force of the enemy 
made a strong attack under command of General Hagood, the brunt 
of which fell upon Colonel Shaw's command. The attack was gal- 
lantly met by the Fifty-fourth, their determined resistance giving time 
for the formation of the division and the withdrawal of the pickets of 
the Tenth Connecticut, which were in danger of capture. Two com- 
panies of the regiment were cut off during the fight, but refused to 
surrender and fought their way back to the main body, though with 
serious loss. The attack was rej)ulsed after two hours of fighting, 
when the Fifty-fourth reoccupied the battle-field, having lost in the 
engagement 14 killed, 18 wounded and 13 missing. 

That night the island was evacuated, the column marching through 
a heavy rain storm over a dangerous and very difficult route to 
Cole's Island. There the regiment lay during the following day in 
the glare of a July sun, and at night, with the rain again pouring 



THE FIFTV-FOruril niXilMESr. (iT'> 

ill torrents, went aboard a transport, the emljarkatlon \)\ means of 
a single dilapidated long boat taking all night. Colonel Shaw was 
now directed to rcjjort with his regiment to General Ceorge C. 
Strong on Morris Island, and at 9 o'clock on the morning of the 
18th the transport made its way to Pawnee Landing on Folly Island, 
Avhere the regiment debarked and at once began the march of some 
miles to Li^iit House Inlet. It reached there at 2 o'clock and after 
a rest crossed the inlet to Morris Island, reporting to General Strong 
about G o'clock that evening, without rations and worn out with loss 
of sleep for two nights and the hardships endured. The Fifty- 
foui-th iiunibercd some 600 men. and was assigned to lead the ad- 
vance of General Strong's Brigade in the contemplated assault on 
Fort Wagner, — the other regiments of the brigade being the Ninth 
Maine. Third New Hampshire, Sixth Connecticut, Forty-eight New 
York and "Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania. The regiment marched to 
the front of the column and formed by wings. Colonel Shaw in im- 
mediate command of the right wing and Lieutenant Colonel F. N. 
Hallowell of the left wing. The men loaded but did not cap their 
])ieces, lixed bayonets, and with no incumbrance l)ut their e(piipments 
dashed forward at the word of C(.)mmand in the most heroic manner. 
The advance at (piick time was steady and the artillery fire to 
which the regiment was subjected was not effective till A'inccnt's 
Creek, some 200 yards in front of the fort, was reached. There 
the creek and the sea approach each other within 100 feet, and on 
that narrow causeway the concentrated fire of the enemy's batteries 
and infantry was poured. Great numbers fell, but the undaunted 
men dashed forward at a double-quick, following their gallant young 
colonel, stumbling into the huge holes blown by exploding shells 
from the t^nion gun-boats, mutilated by the torpedoes which ex- 
ploded beneath them, till the outer works were reached. A terrible 
flank as well as direct fire of artillery and musketry was encoun- 
tered at that moment, but what was left of the line closed to the 
colors and climl)cd upon the curtain where both ilags were planted 
on the para{)et, and about them for a short time a hand to hand 
light took place. The Confederates who had mounted the i)arai)et 
were driven l)ack and the fire of some of the guns was prevented by 
the musketry of the survivors of the Fifty-fourth, Avho clung to the 
front of the Avorks,and when later the Sixth Connecticut and Fortv- 
cighth New York made a charge and effected a lodgment inside the 



676 IIASSACnUSETTS IX THE ]VAR. 

fort at another point some of the Massachusetts men made their 
■way inside, where Captains Appleton and Jones were wounded. 
When at length it became necessary to retire owing- to the utterly 
hopeless nature of the struggle, Captain Emilio, the junior captain 
of the regiment, rallied the fragments of the Fifty-fourth at a point 
some 700 yards from Fort Wagner, and Avith some fugitive white 
soldiers also rallied at the same point added to his meager force 
held an important part of the front line in readiness to repel the 
expected sortie from the fort. The latter was not made, however, 
and in the morning the soldiers of the Fifty-fourth were relieved 
by General Stevenson with the Tenth Connecticut. 

The loss of the regiment had been severe, especially in officers, 
Captain Emilio being the only one above the rank of lieutenant left 
for duty. Colonel Shaw had been killed on the parapet, and Cap- 
tains Russel and Simpkins were also among the slain. The lieu- 
tenant colonel, adjutant and nine other commissioned officers were 
wounded. Of the enlisted men, 20 were known to be killed, 102 
were missing and 125 wounded, making a total loss of 261. Of the 
missing many were never traced afterward and were undoubtedly 
among the slain. During the 19th Captain Emilio was directed to 
report his command as a part of General Stevenson's Third Brigade, 
the other regiments of which were the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, 
Tenth Connecticut, Ninety -seventh Pennsylvania and Second South 
Carolina. The regiment encamped near the landing on Morris 
Island and was at once engaged in fatigue duty, constructing the 
intrenchments and ])arallels by which the operations against Fort 
Wagner were carried on. Captain Emilio retained the command 
till the 22d, when Captain D. A. Partridge of Medway, who had 
been left sick in Massachusetts, joined the regiment and took com- 
mand, ranking Emilio; but two days later Colonel M. S. Littlelield 
of the Fourth South Carolina was temporarily ])laced in command 
of the Fifty-fourth by order of General Oilmore, On the 24th of 
August another change in the brigade was made, the colored regi- 
ments, the Second South Carolina and 'i'hird Ignited States, in ad- 
dition to the Fifty-fourth, being gathered in a I)rigade known as the 
Fourth, under command of Colonel Montgomery. The numlter 
of the brigade was soon after changed to the Third, but without 
change in its composition. 

In consequence of the death of Colonel Shaw, 10. X. Ilallowcll, 



THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. CTT 

\vlio had already ln'on advanced from major to lieutenant colonel, 
was commissioned colonel, ITcnry N. Hooper of Roxbiiry l)ecanie 
lieutenant colonel, and Captain Appleton was promoted to the 
majority. These commissions dated from Jul\' 18, but the officers 
named were not mustered to the positions till a long time afterward. 
Rev. Samuel Harrison of Pittsfield Avas commissioned chaplain from 
the 8th of September. Under Colonel Littlefield the regiment was 
constantly employed in fatigue duty, principally upon the fortifica- 
tions ; and when on the 7tli of Se|)teml)er the approaches had been 
carried close to the fort and it was deserted by the Confederates, 
the men of the Fifty-fourth, being at work on detail in the vicinity, 
were among the first to enter the walls. Colonel ITallowell j-esumed 
the command of the regiment October 17, having recovered from 
the wounds irceived at Fort Wagner, and somewhat later a hundred 
recruits were received from the Xorth, which with the return of 
convalescents restored the command to respectable numbers. The 
task of fortifying continued till the close of the year, when, the 
works being considered sufficiently formidable, the regiment was 
for a few weeks allowed to perfect itself in drill and the regular 
duties of the camp. 

Late in January, 1864, an expedition to Florida under command 
of General Seymour Avas organized, of which the Fifty-fourth formed 
a part. The regiment left camp the 29th and reported at the ren- 
dezvous at Hilton Head the following day, encamping outside the 
fortifications till the oth of February, when the entire force sailed 
for Jacksonville and landed there on the 7th ; the Fifty-fourth being 
the first regiment ashore and I'eceiving the fire of the Confederate 
pickets. The regimental head-rpiarters with four companies re- 
mained in the town till the 18th, when they pushed forward to 
Baldwin's, 40 miles westward, where -on the evening of the 10th 
the six companies under Major Appleton Avere overtaken. A march 
of 16 miles next day brought the regiment to the battle-field of 
Olustee, Avhere it was actively engaged. It formed the rear guard, 
covering the AvithdraAval of General Seymour's main body, and by 
an opportune advance against the enemy doing much to save the 
Union troops from utter rout. Its loss out of a little over aOO taken 
into action was 13 killed, ^}^\ Avounded and eight missing. Late in 
the evening of the 22d Jacksonville Avas again entered, the regiment 
Iiavinu' for the last 11 miles of the distance draAvn in a disabled loco- 



678 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE IIMZ?. 

motive and train of cars loaded with wounded. The official report 
ot the affair records that the Fifty-fourth had within 102 hours 
marched 120 miles and entiaged for four hours in a hard-fought bat- 
tle, yet returned to camp without a straggler. 

Then followed some months of comparative inactivity, during 
which the regiment remained at Jacksonville till the 17th of April, 
when it went aboard transports and landed on Morris Island next 
day. Four companies were detailed to garrison various points in the 
vicinity, while the others went into camp. The location was under 
fire from the Confederate batteries, by which two men were killed. 

A movement to James Island began on the 1st of July, the Fifty- 
fourth, Lieutenant Colonel Hooper, forming part of a provisional 
brigade commanded by Colonel William Heine of the One Hun- 
dred and Third New York, General Schimmelfennig command- 
ing the column. The troops, gathering on Folly Island, moved dur- 
ing the night across Cole Island and next morning landed on James 
Island, where the Fifty-fourth deployed as skirmishers on the field 
of their first battle of a year before. This line was held during the 
day under a harmless artillery fire, though owing to the intense 
heat more than 50 men in the regiment suffered sun-strokes, some 
of them fatal. The force was Avithdrawn from the island on 
the 10th and the Fifty-fourth I'cturncd to their camp on Morris 
Island, where the remainder of the summer and autumn were j)asscd. 
Six companies were specially detailed on the 7th of September to 
guard GOO Confederate officers who were placed near Fort Wagner 
under fire of the rebel batteries, in retaliation for the exi)osure of 
Union officers in the city of Charleston to the fire of the loyal artil- 
lery. This duty continued till the 21st of October, when the prison- 
ers Avere removed and the detail returned to the regiment. 

For 16 months after entering the service the men of the regiment 
had received no pay. Seven times they had been mustered and li'lO 
a month offered them ; but as often every one had refused to take 
less than the -ii^lS a month paid to white soldiers, to Avliich they 
were entitled according to the terms of their enlistment. Finally 
on the 28th of September the victory was won and the men were 
paid the amount to which they -were entitled; the gro.ss sum being 
$160,000, of which it is i-ecorded that two-thirds the entire amount 
was sent home to families and relatives. At the same time the 
colored man had not been recognized to the extent of admitting 



THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 67!» 

the disabled to the Veteran Reserve Corps or of promoting: their 
gallant and capable enlisted men to serve as ofiicers, even in regi- 
ments of their own color. 

Eiuht companies of the Fifty-fourth under Lieutenant Colonel 
Hooper were transported on the 27th of November to Hilton Head, 
■where they became part of Colonel Hartwell's Second Brigade, the 
other regiments being the Fifty-fifth ]\Iassachusetts and the Twenty- 
sixth and One Hundred and Second United States Colored Troops — 
the whole forming part of the Coast Division under General Hatch. 
This division Avas transferred on the 29th to Boyd's Neck on Broad 
river, where it debarked, and the following day, after marching a 
few miles inland, encountered the enemy at Honey Hill. Six com- 
panies of the Fifty-fourth took part in the fight which succeeded, 
lasting from noon till after dark, and these were separated, four 
being on the right and two at the left ; but the detachments fought 
tvell, having three killed, including First Lieutenant David Reed, 38 
"Wounded and four missing. Colonel Hartwell was w'ounded in the 
battle and Colonel Silliman succeeded to the command of the bri- 
gade. That night a retreat was made to the landing, but on the 1st 
of December the lines were advanced two miles and intrenched. 
The division remained there but a few days, however, and on the 
night of the 6tli the regiment followed other troops of the command 
up the. Tilifcnny river, landing at Deveau Neck, where in an engage- 
ment on the 'Jtli Colonel Silliman, the brigade commander, was 
mortally wounded. Colonel Hallowell, who had just rejoined his 
regiment after commanding the post on Morris Island, took com- 
mand of the brigade, an intrenched position near the Charleston 
and Savannah Railroad being occu])ied. 

The regiment crossed the Tilifcnny to Graham's Neck on the 
I'Jth, and January 15, 1865, at Pocotaligo, five miles distant, met 
the Seventeenth Corps of General Sherman's army, which in the 
early part of February began its march toward Charleston. After 
meeting Blair's corps, the Fifty-fourth returned to its camp at Tili- 
fcnny, and after Sherman's army had moved northward Hatch's 
Coast Division, of which the Fifty-fourth formed part, held Poco- 
taligo as Sherman's base of supplies, making demonstrations, mean- 
time, to cross the Sallahatchic and Cambahee rivers, held l)y small 
forces of the enemy. The latter river was crossed on the 16th and 
the column nuncd along the line of the railroad toward Charleston, 



080 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE ]rAR. 

rain fallino: almost incessantly, the roads beinir necessarily very 
bad, and almost daily skirmishes occurring. Tlie Ashley river was 
reached opposite Charleston February 23, the city having been 
evacuated by the Confederates five days before ; the river was crossed 
and the city entered on the 27th, where the regiment found its two 
companies, B and F, which had been left on Morris Island. These 
companies had entered the city directly after its evacuation, being 
among the first Union soldiers to do so. During this time Second 
Lieutenant Frederick H. Webster of Boston had died of disease, 
January 25, and about the same time Sergeant Stephen A. Swails, of 
Elmira, N. Y.,who had long before been commissioned by Governor 
Andrew, was, by authority of an order from the War Department, 
mustered in that rank, — being one of the first colored men to become 
a commissioned officer in the United States service. Before the 
regiment's term closed, however, four others wei-e commissioned, 
two of whom were mustered as officers in the Fifty-fourth. 

On the 12th of March the regiment set out by transj^ort for 
Savannah, where brigaded with the Thirty-third and One Hundred 
and Second Colored Troops it remained till the 27th. It then took 
passage for Georgetown, S. C, where it arrived on the 31st, having 
been driven into Charleston Harbor by a storm. A provisional 
division was organized at Georgetown under command of General 
Edward E. Potter for a raid into central South Carolina, of which 
the Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Hallowell, consisted of 
the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, Thirty-second and One Hundred and 
Second Colored Troops. Lieutenant Colonel Hooper commanded 
the Fifty-fourth. The exi)edition set forth on the 51 h of Aj)ril and 
was absent for 20 days, incessantly marching, skii-mishing or en- 
gaged in fatigue duty. On the 7th a detachment from the regi- 
ment engaged in the destruction of a bridge over Black river liad 
a skirmish Avith the enemy and lost four wounded; the night of 
the 8tli w^as occupied by the building of a bridge at Pocotaligo 
Swamp. The Confederate skirmishers were frequently encountered, 
Lieutenant Swails and two men being wounded on the 12th. 

Camden was reached on the 17th, and the following day at I)oy- 
kin's Mills the enemy was encountered in some force l)ut was driven 
l)ack, the Fifty -fourth losing two killed and 20 wounded, among tlie 
former First Lieiitentant Edward L. Stevens of Brighton. Next 
dav one man was killed and four wounded, — this beins; the last en- 



rilE FIFTV-FOrm'if liEOnfEXT. (ksi 

uagcment in which the regiment had ])art. On tlie 21st nows was 
received of the ti'ucc between Generals Sherman and Johnston, and 
on the 25th Georgetown was re-entered. During the raid, track and 
cotton had been destroyed and many slaves liberated, the division 
subsisting upon the country. 

The I'cgiment returned to Charleston on the Gth of May, where 
head-quarters and a portion of the command remained, but a large 
))art of it was distributed at various points in the state engaged in 
guard and garrison duty. This arrangement continued till the 17th 
of August, when the command was assembled at Mount Pleasant 
for the making of the final rolls preparatory to the muster-out. 
That event occurred on the 20th and the following day the regiment 
embarked, the right wing on the C. F. Thomas and the left on the 
Ashland, United States transports, which reached Gallop's Island 
in Boston Harbor on the 27th and 28th respectively. The men were 
paid on the 1st of September, and the next day, after proudly march- 
ing about the city, the command disbanded on Boston Common. 



THE FIFTY-FIFTH REGIA1ENT. 



THE Fifty-fifth Regiment, like the Fifty-foui-th, was composed 
of colored enlisted men, with white ofificcrs, and was re- 
cruited in the spring- of 1863 for three years' service. Its 
rendezvous was at Fort Meigs, Readville, and its organization was 
Taegun as the ranks of the Fifty-fourth were filled, several of the 
officers commissioned for the latter regiment being detailed to in- 
struct and discipline the recruits for the Fifty-fifth, of which they 
eventually became officers. On the 31st of May, 1863, three days 
after the departure of the Fifty-fourth Regiment, the first ilve com- 
panies of the Fifty-fifth were filled and mustered ; of the remain- 
ing five, F and G were mustered June 15 and the other three on 
the 22d. The officers were commissioned from the 15th of May 
till near the close of June, the complete list being as follows : — 

Colonel, Xorman P. Ilallowell of Cambridge ; lieutenant colonel, 
Alfred 8. Hartwell of Natick; major, Ciiarles li. Fox of Dorelicster; 
surgeon, Willliam S, Brown of lioston: assistant surgeons, Jiurt G. 
Wilder of Newton and Warren M. Babbitt of Braiutrey (from August 
11); chaplain, WilHani Jackson of New Bedford; adjutant William 
P. Hallowell of Boston; quartermaster, George B. Mussey of Edgar- 
town ; sergeant major, James M. Trotter ; quartermaster sergeant, 
Martin F. Becker of Fitchburg : commissary sergeant. Richard W. 
White; hospital steward, Eichard Hecker; ])rincipal luusieian. Eli Lett. 

Company A — Cajitain, Charles P. Bowditch of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, .James D. Thurbcr of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Josoi)h 
T. Nichols of Poyalston. 

Company B — Captain, (Jharles PL Grant of Boston; first lieutenant, 
John O. Mowry of Atliol; second lieutenant. William D. Messenger 
of Peterboro, N. Y. 

Company C — Captain, Wheclock Pratt of Sterling; first lieutenant, 
Robertson James of Newport, Iv. I.; second lieutenant, I^eonard B. 
J'erry of Natick. 

Company D — Captain, William Nutt of Natick ; first lieutenant, 
<j!oorge M. Woodward of Worcester ; second lieutenant, Leonard C. 
Allien of Cambridjje. 



THE FIFTY-FIFTU UEGIMENT. 683 

Company E — Captain, Frank (Joodwiu of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Wyllys Gannett of St. Louis, Mo.; second lieutenant, Tiiomas L. 
JIarnian of Cambridge. 

Conijiany F — Captain, Sigourncy AValcs of Dedluim ; first lieuten- 
ant, Edward S. Stimpson of Salem; second lieutenant, Ezekicl Eow- 
ler of Amesbury. 

Com])any G — Captain, Robert .1. Hamilton of Spnngiieid ; first 
lieutenant, William II. Torrey of Foxboro ; second lieutenant, 
Nathaniel E. Ladd of (Iroveland. 

Com})any H — Captain, William D. Crane of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Ephraim A. Wood of Chelsea; second lieutenant, Wintlirop P. 
Boynton of Boston. 

Comj)aiiy I — Captain, John Gordon of Exeter, N. 11.; first lieu- 
tenant,. Dennis II. Jones of Boston ; second lieutenant, Alj)honso 
Marsh of Eitchburg. 

Company K — Captain, Charles C. Soule of Brookline; first lieuten- 
ant, Harrison Holt of Andover; second lieutenant, George T. Garri- 
son of Boston. 

The regiment Avas armed and equipped on the 23d of June, re- 
ceiving, the Tower ])attern Enfield rilie, and on the Sunday evening 
fallowing the fust dress ])arade was held in regular form. Tiiencc- 
I'ortli during the remainder of its stay in camp the command was 
drilled in the use of weapons and the various branches of military 
diseipliuc and dc])ortment. A l)and was also organized from the 
enlisted men of the regiment, instruments being fui-nished by in- 
terest (>d friends ; while colored women of Ohio contributed a natioaal 
Hng and a line heavy regulation infantry color, the latter of wliich 
the regiment was not entitled to carry. It was therefore left in 
Boston, and on the 18th of July Governor Andrew presented the 
command with the other and the state flag of Massachusetts. Two 
days later the regiment left camp, going by railroad to Boston, 
where it embarked on the steamer Cahawba, under instructions to 
report to (leneral Wild at Xewbern, N". C. 

It dcbarl^ed at Morehead City on tlie morning of the 2r)th and 
going thence by cars reached Newbern that evening Ijivouacking on 
the river bank below Fort Spinola. Brigade and other drills were 
at once ordered, and on the night of the 29tli orders were received 
for Wild's Brigade to set out at once for Charleston Harbor in light 
marching order. Six companies of the Fifty-fifth eml^aiked on the 
steamer Maple Leaf from Fort Spinola, while the other four went 
to Xewbern and took })assage on schooners. The steamer deposited 
its quota at Pawnee Landing on Folly Island August 3, ihe men 



68-1 .UASSACIirsETTS IN THE WAR. 

encauij)in,<r for a icw da\ s in tlic sand on the beach at the south end 
of the ishind but afterward occupying a camp in a pahnetto grove 
vacated l)v the Forty-seventh Ncav York near Light House Inlet, 
where on the 9th and 10th the remainder of the regiment arrived 
after a tedious passage. The Fifty-fifth now became a part of 
Wild's Brigade, Aigdes's Division, Tenth Corps, General Gilmorc 
commanding. The First North Carolina Colored TroojJS were bri- 
sraded with the Fiftv-fifth. The bombardment of Fort Sumter hav- 
ing been begun, very heavy details for fatigue duty were required 
from the colored troops, the Fifty-fifth for some time furnishing an 
average of 350 daily ; this work, owing to the summer heat, and 
much of it being performed under fire, taxed officers and men 
severely. Through September and October these details gradually 
lessened to endurable proportions. 

During September the regiment lost the service of Colpnel Hallo- 
well, through disability resulting from a wound received at Antie- 
tam, and November 2 he resigned, being succeeded in the colonelcy 
by Lieutenant Colonel Hartwell, while Major Fox and Captain Wales 
were advanced to lieutenant colonel and major respectively. On 
the 5th of October, Second Lieutenant Leonard C. Alden — the first 
officer commissioned in the regiment and who had taken a very 
active part in its early organization and instruction — died of yellow 
fever. Several of the line officers also resigned about that time 
from illness and other causes, while General Wild relincpiished the 
command of the brigade to return to North Carolina and was suc- 
ceeded by Colonel Beecher, the latter on the 6th of November being 
relieved by Colonel M. S. Littlellcld of the Fourth United States 
Colored Troops. A new camp for the regiment was laid out near 
the center of the island on a wooded slope, where with the exc('})tion 
of considerable parties on detail at Light House Inlet and Otter and 
Botany Bay Islands the connnand was very comfortably located. 

As in the case of the Fifty-fourth Regiment, the matter of the pay 
of these soldiers became a very serious one. They had enlisted 
with the agreement that they should receive whatever White soldiers 
received, and were much and justly offended when the United 
States paymaster offered the enlisted men but $10 a uionth. This 
amount they refused to receive, and as in the case of the sister regi- 
ment also declined to allow representatives of Massachusetts to 
sujiplv the difference between that sum and '$13 a month, which 



i 



THE FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 085 

they came to the camp prepared to do. In some few cases tliis mat- 
ter of pay gave rise to trouble with the men ; but ahiiost without 
exception they jireferred to wait for the full recognition of their 
rights, even though depcniU^nt ones at home must sufler meantime 
for the necessaries of life. 

With the exception of numerous details and changes therein, no 
event of general interest occurred till the loth of February, 18<)4, 
when the command was ordered to Florida and Com|»anies A, C 
and I under Lieutenant Colonel Fox embarked on the steamer 
Peconic for Jacksonville, being followed next day by the rest of the 
regiment under Colonel Hartwell on the 'steamer Collins. With 
the exception of two companies left as a baggage detail at Jackson- 
ville, the regiment moved on the 16th to Camp Finnigan, but the 
next day was ordered back to the city as a garrison ; Colonel Hart- 
well being post commandant and Captain Nutt provost marshal. 
On the 10th six companies marched out as far as Barbour's in sup- 
])ort of the main force under General Seymour, which was iigiiting 
the battle of Olustee. As the Federal forces were defeated in the 
battle the entire column fell back to Jacksonville, where the Fifty- 
lifth encamjjed for a time outside the main works, but Avere drawn 
inside in anticipation of an attack by the Confederates, which was 
not made. Lieutenant Colonel Fox Avith Companies B and I was 
sent on the 28th to Yellow Bluff, half way to the mouth of the St. 
John river, Company K following next day and C a few days later, 
where assisted by a scpiad of New York Engineers the detachment 
fortified the place and built a signal tower, remaining till April 17. 
While there Lieutenant Dennis H. Jones was fatally shot by accident. 

With the exception of these companies and Company F, which 
was garrisoning Foi't Friblcy, near Jacksonville, the regiment was 
ordered on the 11th of ^larcli to Palatka, Fla., farther uj) the river. 
Here strong fortifications were erected under the supervision of 
Colonel Hartwell and the command passed some live weeks very 
enjoyably, a few slight skirmishers and several alarms preventing 
monotony. During tliis time Captain Hamilton under the lead of a 
rebel deserter made an excursion of some 40 miles into the interior, 
peneti'ating to the vicinity of the Confederate camps. At this time, 
also. Chaplain Jackson luiving resigned was succeeded by llev. John 
C. Bowles of Chillieothe, O. Palatka was abandoned April 18, the 
main body of the Fii'ty-lifth going aboard the propeller Sentinel and 



G80 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

the detached companies beinti' taken off by the Xeptune. These 
steamed to Folly Island, which had been nearly deserted by troops, 
and after some changes the regiment was located as follows : Com- 
panies A and B garrisoning Fort Green under command of Lieutenant 
Colonel Cox, Company B at Pawnee Landing, and the remainder of 
the regiment in camp near the intrenched line above the Landing. 

The details were once more very heavy, owing to the small num- 
ber of troops on the island. On the 8th of May the garrison at 
Fort Green was relieved by troops of the Fifty-fourth, and on the 
18th the camp of the regiment was moved to Stono Inlet, where a 
very favorable location near the beach was occupied. On the 2Lst 
four companies, with detachments from others, took part in a re- 
connaissance by way of Long, Tiger, James and Cole's Islands back 
to Folly, skirmishing with the enemy's pickets on James and hav- 
ing one man wounded, returning to camp at night of the 22d. 
Next day the entire regiment joined in a diversion by steamer up 
the Stono river, the gun-boats accompanying the expedition ex- 
changing shots with the enemy's batteries. 

No other movement occurred till the last of June, when it being 
believed that the defenses of Charleston were weakly held, a move- 
ment against them was made. On the night of the 30th the Fifty- 
fifth regiment with its brigade crossed to Long Island, but the order 
for attack was countermanded and the column returned to camp. 
Soon after dark on the night of July 1, the movement was resumed, 
the force consisting of the One Hundred and Third New York, 
Thirty-third Colored and Fifty-fifth Regiments, all under command 
of Colonel Hartwell. The movement during the night was by way 
of Long and Tiger Islands thence across the marsh to James Island. 
In the mist of early morning the column crossed the marsh by the 
ilank in the order given aljove, and on reaching firm ground formed 
line of battle with the Fifty-fifth in column by companies in sup- 
port of the other two regiments. The latter suddenly encountered 
a section of Confederate artillery in an earthwork with a supi)ort 
of cavalry and infantry, and were thrown into confusion. The 
Fifty-fifth were at once deployed into line, charged the guns under a 
sharp (ire and captured them. The sup[)ort was driven in disorder, 
while Company F of the captors, having been well drilled in artil- 
lery practice, turned the guns upon the routed rebels and sent 
shells among them with effect. These two l:2-pounder Napoleon 



THE FIFTY-FIFTU REG I MEM'. (J87 

Liiiiis were tlic only iii-tillcrv captured by tlie Union soldiers in the 
Dcinirtnient ol" the South, up to that time, and the regiment was 
by special oi'der authorized to keep them in front of regimental 
hcad-fpiarters during its service in the Department. 

The sounds of this engagement having put the entire hostile 
force on the island in readiness to dispute the further advance of 
the Union troops, a position was occupied a little distance beyond 
the captured post and fortified, being held during the day under 
heavy five. At night the brigade under Colonel Ilartwell fell back 
to near Cole's Island and formed a junction with the troops which 
had crossed at that point, and there behind rifle-pits the whole force 
remained till evening of the 10th, under a desultory artillery fire, 
when the regiment returned to camp, its loss during the expedition 
having been 11 killed or mortally wounded and 18 less severely 
hurt. On returning to camp Colonel Hartwell was detailed to com- 
mand the post on Folly Island, and did not again return to the 
regiment till the expiration of its term of service, leaving the com- 
mand in the able hands of Lieutenant Colonel Fox. Many details, 
both in the regular line of duty and of a more permanent nature, 
were required from the regiment in the succeeding months, so that 
few men were left for the ordinary exercises and drills were almost 
unknown. In addition the dissatisfaction in regard to the pay of 
the men increased, and serious outbreaks were only averted by the 
skill of the officers and the strong patriotism of most of the enlisted 
men, who discouraged the attempts of the turbulent to precipitate 
trouble. Tardy justice was at last done, and at the close of September 
the regiment was paid to the first of that month ; and it is worthy 
of note that of the amount received by the men over -$60,000 was 
sent home to their families by Adams Express Company alone. 

The events of the early autumn were not momentous ; a few very 
'-:,ood recruits were received and distributed among the companies 
during October, and on the 21st of November Major AVales left the 
regiment, having resigned, and being succeeded by Captain Nutt. 
Three companies which had been on detail rejoined the regiment on 
the 25th and the following day eight companies embarked on steam- 
ers under sealed orders. These proved to be to report at Hilton 
Head, where after some delay it was found that Colonel Hartwell 
had been assigned to the command of a brigade consisting of his 
own regiment, the Fifty-fourth ^lassachusetts and the T\vcnty-sixth 



688 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAll. 

and One Hundred and Second Colored troops. The expedition, 
consisting in addition to IlartwelTs Brigade of one under General 
Potter, moved up the Broad river, Avhere after several of the 
transports had grounded, including the Mary Boardman carrying 
the Fifty-fifth, the troops landed at Boyd's Neck on the evening 
of the 29th, and next morning moved toward Grahaniville, Pot- 
ter's Brigade in advance. 

That afternoon occurred the battle of Honey Hill, in which the 
Fifty-fifth performed a noble part and suffered heavily. The 
enemy's outposts having been driven in, their main position was 
found to be on a bluff beyond a marsh-bordered creek, with very 
dense undergrowth obstructing all military movements on the 
part of the assailants. In attemj)ting to bring the regiment into 
double column it became separated, three comi)anies with the two 
field officers moving some distance to the right and connecting with 
the Twenty-fifth Oliio, moving forward half a mile and halting at 
the edge of a stream under heavy musketry fire from the other 
bank. In the mean time the other five companies, under the im- 
mediate command of Colonel Hartwell, vainly made repeated efforts 
to charge through the narrow defile by which the road crossed the 
marsh and reach the hostile works. The concentrated fire from 
the Confederates at short range struck down Colonel HartAvell and 
his staff, half the officers of the regiment and nearly that propor- 
tion of the musket-bearers. There was nothing for the survivors 
but to fall back to a sheltered position and reform the line, where 
they were joined l)y Lieutenant Colonel Fox, who remained in com- 
mand. Near night the two detachments were reunited, after having 
been sharply engaged Huring the entire afternoon, and later joined 
the column in retreat to Boyd's Neck, most of the survivors of the 
Fifty-fifth being detailed to carry back the wounded. The loss of 
the regiment in the battle was 31 killed, 108 wounded and one taken 
prisoner. Among the dead were Captain Crane, who was serving 
on Colonel llartwell's staff, Lieutenant Boynton, and Color Ser- 
geant Robert King, blown to pieces by an exploding shell. Of 
the wounded 13 died of their hurts. 

Next morning the regiment was moved forward some two miles 
and took position under direction of General Hatch on the right of 
the Grahaniville road, the brigade being commanded by Colonel 
Silliman of the Twenty-sixth Colored Regiment, and this position. 



THE FIFTY-FIFTH UEdlMFST. 689 

l)ein,u' int I'ciiclicd, was held with slight skirinisliinu' till tlic inoi'ning 
of the 7th of Deccmbor, when the other troops having- been with- 
drawn 24 hours before, the Fifty-lifth retired to Boyd's Neck, where 
with a section of artillery, a battalion of cavalry and a detachment 
of engineers, who were soon withdrawn, it remained to const I'uct 
fortificaiions and hold the position. On the 'Jth First Lieutenant 
Edwin R. Hill of Salem, who had but recently been j)romotcd fi'om 
a sergeant of cavalry and who was serving on Colonel Silliman's 
staff at Deveau Neck, whither the main part of the expedition 
bad gone, was killed on the skirmish line. At the same time the 
artillery force at Boyd's Neck was removed, and on the 11th of 
January, 18G5, the Fifty-lifth also abandoned the position and 
embarked on transports. 

The regiment, under orders for Savannah, reached Hilton Head 
aboard the steamer Fountain on the morning of the 12th, and at 
once sailed thence; but the boat giving out near Seabrook Laiuling 
the regimimt debarked there and waited till the steamer Sylph 
reacheil the scene on the l-Jth and took tiie command to its desti- 
nation at Fort Thunderbolt, near Savannah. That city and vicinity 
were occujjied by (ieneral Sherman's army, then about to move 
northward through the Carolinas, and the care of the city and 
fortifications was turned over to General Foster, commanding the 
Department of the South. Accordingly the Fifty-fifth were ordered 
on the Kith to occupy Forts Jackson and Bartow and Battery Lee. 
These being put in habitable condition were occupied till the close 
of the month, when the regiment received marching orders and on 
the 1st of February embarked on the steamer Cosmopolitan, reach- 
ing Hilton Head that evening. During the night the regiment was 
transferred to the steamer Louisburg and set out next morning with 
the One Hundred and Forty-fourth New York aboard another 
steamer for an expedition up the Edisto river, which without re- 
sults worthy of note occupied the time till the Gth, when the Fifty- 
lifth were orderded back to their camj) at Stono Inlet to rejiort to 
Oeneral Hartwell. At night of the IHh the regiment with the 
Fifty-fourth and One Hundred and Forty-fourth New York, com- 
manded by General Hartwell, forming the right of an expedition 
under General Schimmelfennig destined for James Island, crossed 
to Cole's Island and the next morning to James. Skirmishing en- 
sued during the day and near night the Fifty-lifth assisted in driv- 



G!)0 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ing the Confederates from their rifie pits, returning afterward to 
Folly Island with the loss of but one man wounded. 

At night of the 11th the regiment embarked as part of an ex- 
pedition under General Potter, sailing to Bull's Bay, ten miles 
north of Charleston Harbor. After much difficulty the regiment 
landed on the north side of the bay on the 18th, and next day re- 
ceived the intelligence that the rebel forces had evacuated Charles- 
ton, when an advance toward the city was at once ordered, and 
without meeting any opposition the regiment on the morning of 
the 20th entered Mount Pleasant, a suburb of Charleston, being the 
first body of Union troops within the city. An enthusiastic welcome 
was accorded the command by the overjoyed colored people of the 
city, and a pleasant camping ground was selected between the 
village and Sullivan's Island. This was not long occupied, how- 
ever, for next day the regiment was transported across to the city 
proper, through which it marched to Charleston Neck, and on the 
morning of the 22d took its place in a column which, under com- 
mand of General Potter, was destined for the interior of South 
Carolina, to watch the retreating garrison under the Confederate 
General Hardee. The force consisted of two brigades, one of which 
was commanded by General Hartwell, and it penetrated as far as 
the Santee river at St. Stephen's Depot. At this point the last of 
the Confederates had just crossed the river and adjacent swamps, 
burning the bridges behind them ; and as the rainy season had made 
the water very high, no attempt was made to follow further. Re- 
turning by way of the Cooper river, the regiment reached Charles- 
ton on the 10th of March and went into camp at Rickersville. 
During the expedition some skirmishing had occurred, with but 
slight loss to the regiment, though the service in building bridges, 
on scouting expeditions and the like, with the rainy weather, had 
made the march an exhausting one. 

The provisional brigade with which it had been serving having 
been broken up, the regiment on the 17th left camp and with its 
band playing marched through the streets of Charleston, whence it 
was ferried to James Island, where three companies under Captain 
Hamilton were stationed at Fort Pembcrton, three companies under 
Captain Thurber at Battery Pringle, while the remainder of the 
i-egiment encamped on McLcod's Plantation. Marching orders 
were received again on the 5th of April, and next day the regiment 



THE FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 691 

willi the Fil'ty-roui'lh New York and a Sfctiou of artillerv, all com- 
manded by (Jenei-al Ilartwell. set out on an exjKMliti(»n lo tlic nmih 
of the Santce, penetrating as far as Eutaw Sprinus, in sujiport of 
a movement made by General l^ottor, and returning to Charh'ston 
on the 12th, accompanied l)y some 2,000 colored refugees. The 
regiment encamped at St. Andrew's till the 7tli of May, when it was 
moved up the Ashley river to Summcrvillc, 21 miles away. Ilart- 
wcU's Brigade remained at that point till the 19th, when cars were 
taken for Orangeburg, 60 miles west, where the brigade head-quarters 
were established for the remainder of the regiment's term of service. 

Only a portion of the regiment remained at Orangeburg as a pro- 
vost guard ; the remainder was scattered through the surrounding 
region, l)y companies and smaller detachments, to ])reserve the 
jieace, to assist in arranging contracts between the late slaves and the 
whites, seeing that they were faithfully observed, and other like 
matters which demanded in many cases a firm hand in those days 
of recent turbulence and chaos. In all this labor, ullicers and men 
acquitted themselves so as to win the hearty commendation of all 
fair-minded persons. Now that the war had ended, and there 
seemed a prospect that the regiment would be retained in service 
for most of its term of enlistment, some of the officers resigned 
to return to tl^ir business interests, among the number Lieutenant 
Colonel Fox, on the 24th of June. Major Nutt and Captain Pratt 
were i)romotcd respectively to be lieutenant colonel and major. 

Camp was broken on the 24tli of August, the detachments came 
in, and led by its band the regiment started homeward with kind 
words of farewell alike from whites and l)lacks and the Germans 
of the Fifty-fourth New York Regiment, with which the Fifty-iifth 
had long been Ijrigaded. Going to Charleston by rail, the regiment 
encamped at Blount Pleasant for the making out of the rolls, and 
on the 29th was mustered out of the national service by Captain 
Rol)inson. Six companies, under Lieutenant Nutt sailed for Bos- 
ton September G on the steamer Karnac, and six days after the rest 
of the regiment, under General Hartwell, followed on the Ben De- 
ford. The latter vessel was twice struck by lightning on her pass- 
age, but finally reached Gallop's Island on the 20th, where the 
Karnac had arrived a week before. The regiment was ])aid and 
discharged on the 23d, but did not disband till the 2oth, after a 
pleasant reception and parade in Boston. 



THE FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-sixth (First Veteran) Regiment was recruited dur- 
ing the fall of 1863 and the succeeding winter, its rendezvous 
being at Camp Meigs, Readville, where the first four com- 
panies, though not complete, were mustered during the last days of 
December. E and F followed on the 12th of January, 1864, G on 
the 19th, H on the 27th, I on the 4th of February and K the 25th. 
It was required in this as in the three other Veteran regiments, that 
the members should have served not less than nine months in some 
other organization, and the term of enlistment was for three years. 
The regiment having been filled to something above the minimum 
number left the state on the 20th of March, 1864, with the follow- 
ing roster of officers : — 

Colonel, Charles E. Griswold of Boston; lieutenant colonel, Steplien 
M. Weld, Jr., of West Eoxbury; major, Horatio D. Jaiives of Boston; 
surgeon, T. Fletcher Cakes of Dartmouth; assistant surgeons, Horatio 
S. Soule of AVihthrop and Jerome E. Roberts of Springfield; adjutant, 
Charles J. Mills of Boston; quartermaster, George P. Ladd of Spen- 
cer; sergeant major, Daniel F. French of Quincy; quartermaster ser- 
geant, George A. C. Ellis; commissary sergeant, Rufus Richardson; 
hospital steward, George W. Copeland. all of Boston; principal musi- 
cian, William J. Martland of North Bridgewater. 

Company A — Captain, John F. Thayer of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Edward F. Littlefield of Somerville; second lieutenant. Freeman C. 
Luce of New Bedford. 

Company B — Caj^tain, Wallace A. Putnam of Danvers; first lieu- 
tenant, Warren B. Galucia of Dedham; second lieutenant, John J. 
Davis of Gloucester. 

Company C— Captain, James W. George of Brighton; first lieu- 
tenant, James W. Cartwright; second lieutenant, John W. Mayloan, 
both of Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Wilson W. Fay of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Ansel B. Randall of Abington; second lieutenant, Levi L. Aldricli 
of lioston. 

Com])any E — Captain, Robert J. Cowdin; first lieutenant, James 
McArdle; second lieutenant, John D. Priest, all of Boston. 



THE FIFTY- SIXTH 11E(;IMENT. b93 

Company F — Captain./. Bovlstoii Adams of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Loedegar M. Lip]) of Cainl)ridge. 

Company (I- Captain. Granville (i. Redding; first lieutenant. Albert 
G. Fellows, both of lloxbury; second lieutenant. George A. Fletcher 
of iioston. 

Company 11 — Captain, Al)ijah Ilollis of Milton; first lieutenant, 
Ivawiins 'J'. Atkins of Boston: second lieutenant. Herl)ert G. Coffin of 
Dorchester. 

Company I — Captain, J. Albert Pratt of Waltham; first lieutenant, 
Hiram S. Shurtleff of Boston; second lieutenant, Antipas Newton of 
Med ford. 

Company K — Ca]itain. Thomas R. Keenan of Lynnfield; first lieu- 
tenant, John Jeffrey of Reading; second lieutenant, Frank A. .Mitrjiell 
of Easton. 

The reuinient was ordered to Annapolis, Md., where General 
Burnside was reorganizing his Ninth Corps for the Sj)ring cani])aign. 
It i-eniained there, at Camp C. C. Holmes, fornearlya month, until 
the '2od of April, when the corps received orders to march to Wash- 
ington. The regiment had meantime been brigaded with the Thirtv- 
fifth. Fifty-seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, Fourth and Tenth 
Regiments United States Regulars, as the First Brigade, First Divis- 
ion, Colonel Carruth of the Thirty-fifth commanding the brigade 
and Brigadier General Thomas G. Stevenson the division. Passing 
through Washington, the corps encamped for a couple of days at 
Alexandria and then moved forward along the railroad by which 
su])plies were forwarded to the Army of the Potomac. Bealton 
Station was reached in three days, and the regilncnt halted there 
for an C(puil time, when it moved with its division toward what was 
to be the batte-field of the Wilderness. Tlie Rapidan was crossed 
on the oth of May, and the division was held during the night and 
the early morning of the Gth in reserve near Wilderness Tavern. 
The fighting becoming heavy at the Union left. General Stevenson 
was directed to report to General Hancock, his division was placed 
near the junction of the lirock and the Plank roads, and soon be- 
came engaged. Its fighting, like so much that day, was not decisive 
but was attended by heavy loss, that of the Fifty-sixth Regiment 
being nine killed, 57 wounded and 11 missing, though it was engaged 
bnt a short time. Among the killed was Colonel Griswold. 

As the corps moved to the left, and finally confronted the enemy 
near Sjiottsylvania Court House, the ivgiment was not again severelv 
oniiagcd till the 12th, when General Burnside demonstrated with 



G04 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. 

most of his corps in support of the attack made by General Han- 
cock. In that contest the First Division, under command of Gen- 
eral Crittenden (General Stevenson having been killed on the 10th), 
made repeated attacks l)nt failed to drive the enemy from their 
works. The loss of the Fifty-sixth was ten killed, 41 wounded and 
one missing. Another series of assaults were made on the 18th, 
but they were equally fruitless, the loss to the regiment being five 
killed and 40 wounded. The movement to the left was resumed on 
the following day, it being found impossible to carry the Confeder- 
ate intrenchments before Spottsylvania, and on the 24th the North 
Anna was crossed by a portion of the Ninth Corps at Quarlcs Mill. 
An attempt to clear 'the enemy from the vicinity of Ox Ford re- 
sulted in a severe engagement, in which the Fifty-sixth took an 
active part, being with the rest of the division obliged to retire. 
The regiment had seven killed, 40 wounded and 17 made prisoners 
in this action, Captain Putnam receiving wounds from which ho 
died on the 20th of June. The death of Colonel Griswold led to 
the advancement of Lieutenant Colonel Weld and Major Jarves to 
the positions of colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively, and 
Captain Putnam was commissioned major, but died before being 
mustered ; owing to the reduced numbers of the regiment the vacant 
majority could never afterward be filled. 

From North Anna the corps moved to Bethesda Church, where 
the regiment was engaged on the 31st, having 11 wounded, one 
killed and one missing, and again on the 3d of June it took part 
in skirmishing connected with the battle of Cold Harbor, having 
two killed and seven wounded, one of the former being Captain 
Cowdin. Following the days of siege succeeding the battle, the 
regiment marched across the James river, took position before 
Petersburg, and with its division participated in an assault on the 
enemy's works on the ITtli. The attack was partially successful, 
though the fighting was very severe. The Fifty-sixth captured 
over 50 prisoners, but themselves lost 19 killed, including Second 
Lieutenant John II. Crawley of Boston, 40 wounded and five miss- 
ing. From this time till the close of July the regiment remained 
on duty in front of the Confederate works, having six killed and 
22 wounded during that time by the fire of sharp-shooters. On 
the 22d of June First Lieutenant John D. Priest died from wounds 
received at Bethesda Church. 



THE FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 695 

The continued losses of the rcu'imcnt, the hardships to whicli it 
had been ex[)osed, and the resulting sickness of th(,' members, had 
by this time reduced the command to a fragment of the stienuth 
with which less than three months before it had taken the Held, but 
at tlie disastrous action of the Crater, on the 30th of July, it was 
to lose again a large proportion of its numbers. Ledlie's Division 
(formerly Crittenden's) was selected to lead the advance after the 
explosion of the mine, and Bartlett's Brigade (of which the Fift}'- 
sixth formed part) was among the first to enter the crater; but 
there the success of the Union troops ended, they were soon over- 
whelmed by the prompt rallying of the Confederates, and the story 
is elo(juently told by the figures of their losses ; General Bartlett, 
the brigade commander, was made prisoner, and out of the small 
uunil)er taken into action by the Fifty-sixth it lost 10 killed, 25 
wounded and 22 made j)risoners. 

After the failure of this attempt to break the enemy's lines, the 
- regiment remained on duty in the trenches for more than two weeks, 
having one man killed and one wounded. It took part in the ex- 
pedition against the Weldon Railroad and in the battle of the 19th 
of August had one killed and nine wounded, losing one more killed 
in a skirmish a few days later. The railroad 1)eing gained and held 
by this movement, the regiment encamped in the vicinity and re- 
mained there till the close of September. The First Division of 
the Ninth Corps having been discontinued owing to its de])letion in 
numbers, the Fifty-sixth was at this time attached to the Second 
Brigade, Second Division, of the same corps, and with that com- 
mand on the 30tli of September took part in the battle of Peebles 
Farm, having one killed, eight Avoundcd and 30 captured. After 
this unfortunate engagement the regiment resumed its encampment, 
remaining there with the exception of a reconnaissance of a day or 
two till the close of November. 

It was then moved to Fort Davis, situated on the left of the Jeru- 
salem Plank road, and after passing some two weeks there moved 
on the 12th of December to Fort Alexander Hays, the next fort in 
the chain but situated at some distance to the left. There the Fifty- 
sixth remained during the winter, picketing the front and waiting 
in winter quarters till the coming of sjjring should l)ring the closing 
contests of the v.ar. This signal came on the 1st of xVjjril, 18().3, 
when the reuiment was ordered under arms and verv earlv the fol- 



(590 MASSACIIU.SETTS IX THE WAE. 

lowinti' nioi'iiing joined in the assault upon the Confederate works 
in tlie vicinity of the Plank road. The enemy were driven out of 
their Battery 27, located across the Plank road, and for some dis- 
tance to tne Union right, but the lodgment was only made perma- 
nent in Battery 27, which the Fifty-sixth occupied, the abandoned 
Confederate guns being worked by a detachment from the Fifth 
Massachusetts Battery. At one time all the Union troops except 
the Fifty-sixth and the battery men were forced from the captured 
works; but these held on bravely, and retained their position all 
through the day, though the Confederate fire was heavy from three 
sides. Next morning the city was found to be evacuated, and as it 
proved the fighting of the regiment was at an end. Its loss during 
this last engagement was three killed, including Captain Ansel B. 
Randall, and 13 wounded. 

A few words will tell the rest of the story. With other regi- 
ments of the corps, the Fifty-sixth moved along the Southside Rail- 
road as far as Burkesville, performing guard duty and the like, till 
after the surrender of General Lee's army. It then marched back 
to City Point, whence it was transported to Alexandria. Landing 
at the latter place, the command encamped with nothing of incident 
to break the routine till the 12th of July, when it was mustered 
out of the United States service and directly afterward set out for 
Massachusetts. Arriving there it returned to the camp at Read- 
ville for a few days, while the final papers were made, and on the 
22d it was paid and discharged. 



THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-sovontli (Second Veteran) Reu'imenI was oi'u'nni/.od 
at (•ani|) John K. Wool, Woreester, by Colonel William l'\ 
Bartlelt, wlu) iiad been niustcred out of service with his nine- 
months' regiment — the Forty-ninth — late in the summer of LSdo. 
Setting at once about the foi'mation of his new connnand, the colonel 
worked assiduously till the reciuisite number had be5n obtained. 
His recruits naturally came from the western counties of the state, 
as three similar regiments were being formed at Readville, and it 
was not till the middle of March, 1864, that Colonel Bartlett was 
able to form regimental line. A month later, while the organization 
was still incomplete, orders came to report to Washington, and Ihc 
trip began on the 18th of April, the list of officers then in com- 
mission l)eing as follows: — 

Colonel. William F. Bartlett of Boston: lieutenant colonel, Edward 
P. llollister of Pittsdeld; nnijor, James W. Cushing of Koxbury; sur- 
geon, Whituian V. White of Stockbridge; assistant sui'geon, ('harles 
E. Heath of jMonterey; chaplain, Alfred H. Dashiell, Jr., of Stock- 
bridge ; adjutant, George E. Barton of Worcester; quartermaster, 
George E. Priest of Watertown; sergeant major, Albert M. Murdock 
of \\'est Boylston; commissary sergeant, David F. Lawry of Worces- 
ter; ([uarterniaster sergeaut, James A. Robbinsof Watertown; hospital 
steward, Henry G. Prout of Great Barrington; princijjal inusi( iau. 
James 8. Scott of Leicester. 

Comi)any A — Captain, John W. Sanderson of Westboro; first lieu- 
tenant, Samuel M. Bowman of Clinton: second lieutenant. Edward I. 
Coe of Worcester. 

Company 1^ — Captain Joseph W. Gird; first lieutenant, E. Dexter 
Cheney, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, George S. Greene, of 
S])ringtield. 

Company C — Captain, Charles D. Hollis of Lynn: second lieuteri- 
ant. Charles H. Royce of Pittsfield. 

Company D — Captain, Edson 'V. Dresser of Stockbridiie: first lieu- 
tenant, Edwin 8. Dewey of Greenlield: second lieuteiianl. James Pea- 
cock of Worcester. 



cm MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company E — Captain, George H. Howe of Monson; first lieuten- 
ant, John II. Cook of Korthamjiton; second lieutenant, John Ander- 
son of Holland. 

Company F — Captain, Levi Lawrence; first lieutenant, Charles Bar- 
ker; gecond lieutenant. Alfred 0. Hitchcock, all of Fitchburg. 

Company G — Captain, James Doherty of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Henry C. Ward of Worcester; second lieutenant, Henry B. Fiske of 
Springfield. 

Company H — Captain, Julius M. Tucker; first lieutenant, John L. 
Goodwin, 130th of Worcester; second lieutenant, James W. Kennay 
of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, Albert Prescott of Charlestown; first lieuten- 
ant, Albert W. Cook; second lieutenant, John Eeade, both of Milford. 

Company K — Second lieutenant, James M. Childs of Worcester. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hollister resigned his commission about the 
time the regiment left the state, and the vacancy was filled by the 
appointment of Charles L. Chandler of Brookline, whose commission 
bore date of April 20. Charles 0. Carpenter of Holyoke was added 
to the medical staff soon afterward as junior assistant surgeon. 

The Fifty-seventh arrived at Annapolis, Md., on the 20th of 
April, and were assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Ninth 
Corps, then being reorganized under the command of General Burn- 
side, its destination not having been announced. The regiment was 
brigaded with the Thirty -fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth ]\Iassachu- 
setts, with two regiments of United States Regulars — the Fourth 
and Tenth, Colonel Sumner Carruth of the Thirty-fifth commanded 
the brigade and General Thomas G. Stevenson the division. Three 
days only were passed in camp at Annapolis when marching orders 
came for the corps, and it took the road toward Washington, Car- 
ruth's Brigade on the lead. A march of three days brought the 
command to the national capital, where it was reviewed by the 
President and corps commander, the route being continued across 
Long Bridge^ to the vicinity of Arlington, where temporary camp 
was established. This lasted only two days, however, when the 
corps again took the road, marching via Fairfax Court House, Ccn- 
terville, Bristoe Station and Warrenton Junction, following the line of 
the railroad to Rappahannock Station, where the corps arrived on 
the 3d of May and the regiment for a single night occupied the camp- 
ground which had just been vacated by the Twentieth Maine. 

But the Army of the Potomac was on the move, the Ninth Corps 
was to co-operate with it, and next day the march was resumed. 



THE FIFTY-SEVENTH UKGIMEST. COi) 

The Rapidan was crossed the 5th at Germania Ford, and next day 
the rcu-imcnt took part in the terrible struirsile in the Wihlerness. 
It was ahnost too much to expect that with its limited opportunities 
for (hi 11 and discipline it should have attained to efficiency, but its 
part in the battle was hitrhly creditable. The l^'iirade took position 
early in the forenoon of the Gth near the junction of the Brock 
road with the Plank road, being in column by regiments, the regu- 
lars forming the first line and the Fifty-seventh the fourth. The 
advance of the enemy soon involved the brigade in close and severe 
action. The Fifty-seventh showed great steadiness and courage, 
and when ordered to advance, although the ground was very un- 
favorable and they had to pass over another regiment lying upon 
the gound, they did so in a manner to win the hearty compliment 
of General Hancock, imder whose direction the movement was per- 
formed. The lighting in that part of the field was desperate dur- 
ing much of the day, and resulted in no decided success on either 
side. The regiment took into action a total of 545 officers and 
men — one comjiany being on detached duty. Of these, 47 were 
killed, IGl wounded and 43 missing, a total loss of 251. Colonel 
Bartlett received a Avound in the head which disabled him for 
some time, and he did not again return to the command of the 
regiment, being soon afterward commissioned brigadier general. 
Of the killed mention should be made of Captain Gird, the first 
officer of the regiment to give his life in battle, and Second Lieu- 
tenanant Childs, who died of wounds there received. 

Lieutenant Colonel Chandler succeeded to the command of the 
Fifty-seventh, and at midnight of the 7th it began the movement 
to the rear and left, passing the Chanccllorsville battle-licld on the 
8th, crossing the Ny river on the 9th and there intrenching in front 
of the Confederate works defending tlic approach to Spottsylvania 
Court House. In a reconnaissance next day General Stevenson, 
the division commander, was killed. He was succeeded in the com- 
mand temporarily by General Thomas L. Crittenden, the division 
later passing under the command of General James H. Lcdlie. h\ 
connection with the battle of the 12th, inaugurated by Hancock's 
corps, the Ninth Corps was engaged, making some advance and 
holding and intrenching the ground gained. In this action the 
Fifty-seventh added to its laurels, though at a loss of 13 killed, 55 
wounded and four niissin<>;. On the 18th the reuiment with the 



700 3IASSACHr SETTS lY THE WAR. 

Fifty-nintli, supported ])y the regulars of the l)i'i<>ade, made a recon- 
naissance, advancing their line close to the enemy's -works and hold- 
ing the position under a heavy fire till ordered back; the loss of 
the Fifty-seventh being three killed and 14 wounded. 

The line of action at Spottsylvania being abandoned, the regiment 
with its division moved to the left and on the 24th reached the 
North Anna. General Burnside was ordered to cross the river at 
Ox Ford, but finding he could not do so, crossed Crittenden's Divis- 
ion at Quarles Mills, a mile and a half above, and attempted to clear 
the crossing at the Ford. In this movement the Fifty-seventh again 
suffered severely. Its brigade was advanced without proper support 
till it was struck in both flanks by a sharp attack, while at the same 
time exposed to a destructive artillery fire. It was consequently 
forced back in disorder, the regiment losing 10 killed 13 wounded 
and 14 missing, all of whom were left on the field. The severest 
loss came from the killing of the commander of the regiment, 
Lieutenant Colonel Chandler, a brave and efficient officer. Cap- 
tain J. M. Tucker, the senior officer present, took command of what 
was left of the Fifty-seventh. 

The river was recrossed on the 26th, and then followed the move- 
ments which Ijrought the command to Bethesda Church at the time 
of the disastrous battle of Cold Harbor. It was not closely engaged 
during this period, though skirmishes and demonstrations were fre- 
quent, the loss of the regiment on the 3d of June being seven 
w^ounded and two missing. The James river was crossed near 
Charles City Court House on the night of the 15th, and marching 
almost continuously the division halted the next evening in sight of 
the city of Petersljurg. Next day the First Division occupied a line 
of Confederate works which had been captured by the Second Divis- 
ion, and watched the preparations for attacking a second and stronger 
line beyond. This attack was made in the afternoon by the Third 
Division and was repulsed; but about sunset the First Division was 
ordered forward to renew the attempt. The struggle was severe, 
the assailants depending upon the bayonet alone ; but they finally 
gained the works — only to be forced from them by a counter charge 
made by fresh Confederate troops. The loss of the Fifty-seventh 
in this struggle was 11 killed, 30 wounded and three missing. 
Among the killed was Second Lieutenant Edward I. Coe, while Cai> 
tain Tucker commanding the rcijiment was wounded. 



THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 701 

From this time till the action of "-The Crater," the rea-imcnt 
under command of Captain Albert Prescott did duty in the tren- 
ches before Petersburg, near the right of the Union line, and as there 
was ahnost incessant sharp-shooting between the hostile fcrees the 
loss was severe, amounting during the six weeks to six killed and 
23 wounded. Of the six oilicers struck during this time, First Lieu- 
tenant E. Dexter Cheney was killed on the 19th of July and First 
Lieutentant Samuel ^I. Bowman died of wounds on the 25tli. The 
division was now commanded by General Ledlie and the brigade by 
General Bartlett, promoted from colonel of the Fifty-seventh. In 
the regiment, Captain Tucker, who had not yet returned to duty, 
had been promoted to major and lieutenant colonel — Major Gushing 
having resigned May 2G, — and Captain Prescott, still in command 
of the regiment, was promoted to major, — all of these counnis- 
sious dating from the 15th of June. 

Being relieved ivom duty in the trenches by colored troops on the 
night of the 21Hh of July, the Fifty-seventh were among the iirst 
trooi)S to enter the Crater the following morning after the explosion 
of the mine which had been run from the Federal side under a sali- 
ent of the Confederate works. The regiment numbered at the open- 
ing of the light seven oilicers and 91 enlisted men. It passed 
through the opening made by the explosion and took position in one 
of the covered ways or parallels beyond, where it fought as well as 
it could till the excavation became so filled with fugitives that fur- 
ther resistance was impossible. A portion of the command suc- 
ceeded in making its way back to the Union lines; but the colors 
could not be extricated, and with most of the left wing of the reg- 
iment fell into the enemy's hands. General Bartlett, the brigade 
comnumder, was also made prisoner. On assembling the reniuaut 
of the Fifty-seventh, it was found that of the seven officers taken 
into action but one had escaped, — First Lieutenant Albert Doty. 
Three — ^lajor Prescott and Captains Howe and Dresser — had been 
killed, two were wounded and one missing. Of the enlisted men, 
one had been killed, 16 wounded and 28 were missing, leaving 
Lieutenant Doty and 46 men to represent the honorable name of 
the Fifty-seventh. This handful returned next day to duty in the 
trenches, where it remained till the 18th of August, having in that 
time one killed and four wounded by sharp-shooters. It had, how- 
ever, received a few returned convalescents, meanwhile, so that 



702 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAli. 

when the movement began against the Weklon Raih-oad on the 
19th the regiment consisted of one officer and 45 men. The divis- 
ion, then commanded bv General White, was sharply engaged for 
about an hour in the battle which ensued, rendering important ser- 
vice in'turning the temporary success of the Confederates. The 
few members of the Fifty-seventh fought heroically, losing a third 
of their number — one being killed, eight wounded and seven missing. 

The ground seized by the operations being held and the Union 
lines permanently extended to cover the railroad, the division was 
moved a short distance to the right, where it erected fortifications 
and remained engaged in picket duty till the closing days of Sep- 
tember. With the rest went Lieutenant Doty and his little band 
of 29 men — all that remained of the new regiment of full numbers 
which had left the camp of organization four months before. Fort- 
unately this was the lowest ebb in point of numbers of the regi- 
ment. Some of the convalescents and those upon detached duty 
returned to head-quarters, so that when the next movement was 
made some 60 were with the colors. Lieutenant Colonel Tucker, 
having recovered from his wounds, rejoined the regiment on the 
3d of September and assumed command. Captain Napoleon B. 
McLaughlen of the United States Army was mustered as colonel 
of the Fifty-seventh on the 14th under Special Orders from the 
War Department, his rank dating back to December, 1862, giving 
him seniority by virtue of which he at once took command of the 
brigade. 

On the 29tli of September the regiment with its division took 
part in a movement still further to the left, which, though primarily 
intended to divert attention from a stronger movement to the north 
of the James river, resulted in an obstinate engagement on the 30th. 
The regiment shared in this fight, losing one killed and seven 
wounded, this action being known as the battle of Peebles Farm. 
This ground was also held, and on the 8th of October the regiment. 
Captain James Doherty commanding, took an im})ortant part in a 
reconnaissance to the Boydtown Plank road. It formed part of 
the skirmish line, and in advancing, driving the enemy's outposts, 
it became detached from the skirmishers of the division at the left, 
so that the flank of the line of the Fifty-seventh was exposed. The 
foe took advantage of this fact and obliged the line to change front 
and fall back a short distance, which it did under heavy fire, tak- 



THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 703 

ing and holding niilil night a position a fi'w hundred yards to the 
rear. The column was then ordeicd l)ack to eanii), the Fifty-se\'cnth 
having lost two men killed and 1- wounded. 

The regiment had surely had enough severe fighting for one sea- 
son, and it is jdcasant to record that from that time it was not 
seriously engaged for some months. It remained in camp near the 
Pegrani House till the oOth of November, with the excei)tion of tak- 
ing part in the exj)edition toward the Southside Railroad late in 
October, when it had one num wounded on the skirmish line. The 
Ninth Corps then relieved the Second in the trenches near the city 
of Petersburg, where it remained fill the fall of the city. On the 
0th of December the regiment was tem|)orarily detached from its 
brigade and assigned to a provisional command destined for an ex- 
pedition southward for the purpose of destroying the Weldon Rail- 
road in that direction. This occupied from the 9th till the 13th, 
and was without casualty so far as the Fifty-seventh were concerned, 
though there was much suffering from the inclement weather. 
There was another expedition toward Weldon during the month of 
February, 18G5, in which the regiment was detached from its bri- 
gade once more, and was absent for some days, suffering as before 
from stormy weather and cold. With that excci)tion, howevei", the 
command remained in the works during the winter and early spring, 
being located near the point whence the first charge of the regiment 
had been made against the hostile lines when the cori)s arrived be- 
fore Petersburg the previous summer. 

In the fighting of the 25th of March, when the Confederates tem- 
l)orarily captured Fort Stedman, the Fifty -seventh had an honor- 
able part. It had just relieved the Fifty-ninth in the lines to the 
right of the fort, so that when the Union lines were broken the 
position of the regiment was flanked and it was obliged to fall 
back. Reaching a favorable position, it held its ground till assist- 
ance came when a heroic advance was made and the works and its 
camp were regained after a stubborn resistance, in which Sergeant 
Major Pinkhain of the Fifty-seventh captured the flag of the Fifty- 
seventh North Carolina Regiment. In this affair the loss of the 
regiment was but four killed, though a number were wounded, in- 
cluding Captain James Doherty, a brave and versatile officer, whose 
loss was severely felt. He had been commissioned major dating 
from July 21, 18G4, but had not been able to muster on account of 



704 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the depleted numbers of the regiment, which he was o-allantly lead- 
ing when he received the wound from wliich he died the following 
day. Among the killed was First Lieutenant Albert M. Murdock 
of Worcester, formerly sergeant major. 

After the Fort Stedman affair there was much activity on that 
part of the lines, both sides being constantly on the alert; but there 
was no serious fighting, nor were the Fifty -seventh again engaged 
with the enemy except upon the skii-mish line, and on the 2d of 
April, when the day was passed in demonstrations and maneuvers 
but without actual fighting so far as the regiment Avas concerned, 
though some portions of the Ninth Corps were heavily engaged. 
The following morning found the city evacuated and the Fifty- 
seventh Regiment was among the troops that entered soon after; 
but it passed through and across the Appomattox to guard the roads 
to Richmond and Chesterfield. Recrossing the river on the 4th, it 
was engaged in guarding the Southside Railroad and the Cox road 
which ran near it, moving from point to point till it reached Wilson's 
Station, where its head-quarters were established. Directly after 
the assassination of President Lincoln the Ninth Corps was ordered 
to Washington, where it reported late in April, going on duty on the 
Maryland side near Tennallytow^n. From that time till early in 
August following the regiment was on duty at various points in that 
vicinity, being for a portion of the time provost guard. The Fifty- 
ninth Regiment was consolidated with the Fifty-seventh on the 20th 
of June, the name of the latter being retained. 

The combined organizations were mustered out of the United 
States service on the 30th of July, and at once set out for Massa- 
chusetts. Arriving at Rcadville, the command went into camp for 
a few days, but on the 9th of August the men were paid and dis- 
charged. During the service of the Fifty-seventh Regiment it lost 
112 officers and m(>n killed in action, 137 died of wounds and dis- 
ease and 34 missing in action. As these casualties occurred in a 
membership of little more than 1,000, and nearly all of them within 
six months from the time the regiment left the state, it will be 
realized how severe was the ordeal to which it was subjected. It 
is not too much to say that the command nobly met all the de- 
mands made upon it. 



THE FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-eighth (Third Veteran) Regiment was the last 
three-vears' infantry organization from Massachusetts to be 
nnisleretl into the national service and to leave the state. It 
encamped at Readville, recruiting for it begiiming about the middle 
of September, 18G3, but it was not till the 14th of January follow- 
ing that Company A was ready for the mustering officer ; B followed 
"on the 8th of February and C on the 20th, D and E on the 1st of 
Marc]i,F on tiie 12th and G on the 26th. H, mustered on the 18th 
of Aj)ril, was the last comi)any completed when the call came for 
departure for active service and the eight companies were sent for- 
ward. Silas P. Richmond of Freetown was commissioned colonel 
of the regiment, but he resigued before being mustered and was 
never actively identified with its interests, Major Ewer, whose com- 
mission dated from October 27, 1863, being most of the time in 
command during the stay' at ReadvilLe. The roster of officers with 
which the Fifty-eighth left the state was as follows : — 

Lieutenant colonel,, Joliu C. AVhiton of Boston: major, Barnabas 
Ewer, Jr., of Fairliaven ; sargeon, Alfred A. Stocker of Cambridge : 
assistant surgeons, Frank ^\'hitman of Roxbury, X. TL, and Thomas 
Dawson of Boston; chaplain. William A. Start of Xorth Bridgewater; 
adjutant, F. (iill)ert Ogdcn of Boston; quartermaster,, Theodore A. 
Barton of New liedford. 

Company A — Captain, Charles M. Upbam of Chatham; first lieu- 
tenant, Frank H. Kempton of New Bedford ; second lieutenant, 
Franklin D. Hammond of Chatham. 

Company B — Captain, Robert Crossman, 2d; first lieutenant, Simeon 
O. l>landin, both of Taunton; second lieutenant, John W. Fiske of 
Dedham, 

Company C — Captain, Everett S. Ilorton; first lieutenant, Charles 
H. Johnson, both of Attleboro; second lieutenant, Nalium Ijconard of 
West liridgewater. 

Company D — Captain, Charles E. Churchill; first lieutenant, Linus 



706 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAIL 

E. Hayward, both of West Bridgewater; second lieutenant, John P. 
Townsend of Bridgewater. 

Company E — Captain, William E. Mason; first lieutenant, Charles 
H. Tobey; second lieutenant, Alleti Aimy, all of New Bedford. 

Company F — Captain, Thomas McFarland; first lieutenant, Charles 
D. Copeland, both of Fall Eiver; second lieutenant, Jere C. Vaughn 
of North Bridgewater. 

Company G — Captain, Samuel B. Hinckley of Fall Eiver; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles H. Morton; second lieutenant, James Cox, both of 
Fairhaven. 

Company H — Captain, William H. Harley of Chatham; first lieu- 
tenant, Clement Granet of Boston; second lieutenant, Isaac H. Folger 
of Nantucket. 

Lieutenant Colonel Whiten had served for nine months with the 
same rank in the Forl^y-third Massachusetts Regiment, and nearly 
all of his command, otlicers and men, had' seen more or less service 
in the field. The eight companies were ordered to the front late in 
April, 1864, and left Readville on the 28th. reaching Alexandria, 
Va., on Saturday the 30th. Pausing there for a couple of days, to 
store such surplus baggage as could be dispensed with in the field 
operations on which it was about to enter, the regiment took cars 
on the afternoon of May 2 for Bristoe Station, reaching there the 
same evening, and being assigned to the First Brigade, Second 
Division, Ninth Corps. The other regiments of the brigade were 
the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first 
New York, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. Colonel 
Zenas R. Bliss commanded the brigade, Brigadier General Robert 
B. Potter the division, and General A. E. Burnside the corps, which 
was to co-operate with, though not for a time formally attached to, 
the Army of the Potomac. 

The corps began its forward movement on the morning of the 
4th, passing Warrenton and making some 20 miles, which exhausted 
the men very much, as they were unused to long marches. Next 
day both the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers were crossed, a 
still longer march being made and many of the men falling out, 
some of whom were said to have been captured by bushwackers. 
A few miles on the morning of the 6th brought the command to 
Wilderness Tavern, where line of battle was formed and the division, 
with the Third under General Wilcox, moved forward through the 
dense tangle in the effort to fill the gap between the right and left 
wings of the Union army. The enemy was found in the early 



rilK FIFTY-EIGHTH ItF.aiMENT. 7U7 

afternoon, intrenched on the ojjpositc side oi' a swampy ravine, and 
an engagement ensued, indecisive in its results, in which the Fifty- 
eighth sustained a loss of seven killed, 23 wounded and four missing. 
The position gained was held till the following afternoon, the regi- 
ment being on the picket line, when the movement to the rear and 
eventually to Spottsylvania began. During the 8th the command 
rested at Chancellorsville, and from the 9th to the 11th the regi- 
ment took part in the marching and maneuvering which brought 
the eorj)S into position for the battle of the 12th. In those pre- 
liminary contests the loss of the Fifty-eighth was two men killed 
and one or two wounded. 

Early on the morning of the 12th the brigade moved to the right 
and formed line of battle, joining in the assault on the intrench- 
mcnts held by the left of Hill's corps of Lee's army. The works 
were captured, but the enemy only retreated to another line which 
enfiladed those taken, and being reinforced later in the day regained 
possession of the contested works, the men of the Ninth Corps re- 
tiring to a ravine a short distance in the rear and the Confederates 
showing no disposition to jiursue the fighting further. In this stub- 
boi'u encounter the Fifty-eighth lost 13 killed, 90 womided and two 
missing. Captain Harley and Adjutant Ogden were anu)ng the 
killed. The command remained near the scene of this engagement 
during the remainder of the operations before Spottsylvania, skir- 
mishing frequently and losing three killed, six wounded and three 
missing, but taking part in no further heavy actions. The move- 
ment toward the North Anna began the 21st, and in the skirmish- 
ing at that point the regiment lost two or three wounded and as 
many missing from the picket line. The river was recrossed at 
evening of the 2C)th, and the southward march took the regiment 
across the Pamunkey late in the evening of the 28th. The Toto- 
potomy was reached next day, and a. day or two of maneuvering 
and skirmishing ensued in which the Fifty-eight lost four wounded 
and missing. On the afternoon of June 2 the regiment marched 
toward Shady Grove Chui-ch, skirmishing with the enemy and hav- 
ing one killed and seven wounded. • 

At daylight of the 3d the Fifty-eighth moved forward and joined 
in the assault on the Confederate lines before Cold Harbor. Through 
a deadly lire it advanced to within 50 yards of the hostile works, 
where the men with bayonets and tin cups threw up slight defenses 



708 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of earth, being ordered to mainlain the position at all hazards, — 
which they did during the day, tiiough at heavy loss, 18 being 
killed and 67 wounded. Among the dead were Major Ewer and 
Captains U))ham and McFarland. 

Next morning it was found that the foe had retired from that 
part of the field, and soon afterward the regiment was joined l)y 
its ninth company, I, which had just arrived from Massachusetts 
via White House Landing. This company was commanded by Cap- 
tain Nathan S. Oak man of Hanover, his lieutenants being William 
H. Burbank of Medford and Lorenzo D. Munroe of Plympton. 
Prom this time till the close of the operations before Cold Harbor 
on the 12th the regiment w^as constantly on duty and under fire, 
losing during the time two killed, 12 wounded and 16 missing. Lieu- 
tenant Burbank dying of his wounds at White House Landing on 
the 11th. Then the march southw^ard across the James began, and 
on the 17tli the command joined in the assault and capture of the outer 
defenses of Petersburg, the loss of the regiment being 16 wounded. 
An effort next day to gain possession of the Norfolk and Petei's- 
burg Railroad was only partially successful. After obtaining some 
advantage the regiment found itself exposed to a severe fire from 
three sides, and took shelter in the bed of a creek, where it remained 
till after dark, when it was withdraw^n to a less exposed position, 
having met a loss of two killed, 22 wounded and one missing. Fi-om 
that time to the 30th of July it was on duty in the trenches, meet- 
ing the additional loss of five killed, including Second Lieutenant 
Franklin D. Hammond of Chatham, and nine wounded. 

In the " Battle of the Crater" July 30, the regiment with its bi'i- 
gade charged into the chasm of the exploded fort, whence it was 
ordered to capture a battery a quarter of a mile beyond. Two al- 
temps w^re made to execute the order, but owing to the confusion, 
anil the heavy iire from the enemy, they failed and the regiment 
finally found itself huddled back in the fort with the other disorgan- 
ized troops. Few could escape, still fewer could fight, and when the 
Confederates advanced in force the great body of Union troops Avere 
easily made pris^niers. The loss of the Fifty-eighth was five killed, 
including First Lieutenant Granet, 30 wounded and 84 captured. 

The remnant of the regiment occupied positions in the breast- 
Avorks and trenches till the 25th of September, when the Sunday 
services were interrupted by orders to march immediately ; various 



THE FIFTY-EIGIITII BECJMENr. 709 

niovcmciits occniMcd the time till the oOth, when the regiment 
crossed the WeUloii Railroad at Yellow House and immediately 
joined in the battle of Poplar Spring Church, The Fifth and Ninth 
Corps failing to connect as they advanced, the enemy penetrated 
the opening and after a very brief contest captured nearly the entire 
Fifty -eighth Regiment. Two of its members had been killed — 
Second Lieutenant John W. Fiske and First Sergeant Epliraim H. 
Haskins, Jr., of Freetown, who had been commissioned but not 
mustered as second lieutenant, ten were wounded and 09 captured; 
only about a dozen, including one officer, escaped. However, de- 
tailed men, returning convalescents and 54 recruits from INIassachu- 
setts in a few weeks brought the regiment up to respectable num- 
bers. It took no further part in the military operations of the 
autimin. but about the last of November moved to Hancock Station 
where it went into winter quarters, garrisoning Fort ^leikle. In 
addition to the oOieers mentioned as killed in action, Captain 
'Charles H. Johnson had died of wounds October 27, while a pris- 
oner of war, and Second Lieutenant Samuel J. Watson at his home 
in New Bedford died of disease December 11. 

During the winter the .only notable incident was the arrival F b- 
ruary '20, 1865, of Company K, commanded by First Lieutenant 
Albion M. Dudley of Provincetown, the second lieutenant being 
Hcnuin Chase of Harwich. The casualties meantime were few, one 
man being killed and a few wounded. The Fifty-eighth joined in 
no action till the morning of April 2, when it formed a part of the 
attacking colunni which made a lodgment in the Confederate works 
west of Fort Mahone. The position gained was maintained till 4 
o'clock that afternoon, with stubborn fighting, when it was relin- 
(piished, the regiment having lost live killed, 17 wounded and 14 
enptuictl. all the latter rejoining the regiment a week later on the 
surrender of Lee's army. That event found the Fifty-eighth and 
its brigade at Rurkesville Junction guarding the railroad, from 
which i)oint it marched to Farmville where it remained for ten days 
on like duty. Its return march began on the 20th, being !)v wav 
of Petersburg to City Point, where it took transports for Alexan- 
dria, reaching that city on the 28th and encamping in the vicinity. 
It took part in the grand review of ^May 23 in Washington, the re- 
turn to Massachusetts began July 15, Readville being reached on 
il:e 18th, and on the 2()th the men were paid and discharged. 



THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 



THE Fifty-ninth (Fourth Veteran) Regiment was numerically 
the last of the four new infantry, regiments authorized and 
raised during the winter and spring of 1863-4 — which were 
also the last of the three-years' regiments sent out. In fact, how- 
ever, its organization was completed and it left the state before the 
Fifty -eighth, though both were recruited at Camp Meigs, Rcadville. 
The first company of the Fifty-ninth was mustered December 5, 

1863, but it was a full month before the next company was ready 
for the mustering officer. B and were filled during January, 

1864, E, D and F in February, G and H in March, and I on the 2d 
of April ; but it was not till the 21st of that month that K was 
ready for the mustering officer. On the 26th of April the command 
left for Washington with the following list of officers : — 

Colonelj Jacob P. Gould of Stoneham; lieutenant colonel, John 
Hodges, Jr., of Salem; major, Joseph Colburn of Eoxbury; surgeou, 
AVilliam Ingalls of Winchester; assistant surgeons, Thomas GiltilUm 
of Cummington and Edward W. Norton of Blandford ; chaplain, 
Hiram L. Howard of Boston; adjutant. Horace M. Warren; quarter- 
master, Benjamin F. Barnard, both of South Beading; sergeant 
major, James Gibson of Boston ; quartermaster sergeant, James W. 
Band of Weymouth; commissary sergeant, William H. Aldridge of 
Melrose; hosp)ital steward, William B. Dorman of Georgetown; prin- 
cipal musician, William Nichols of Reading. 

Company A — Captain, Francis M. Smith of Lynn; first lieutenant, 
Henry M. Cross of Newburyjjort; second lieutenant, Henry A. Smith 
of Charlestown. 

Company B — Captain, Warren S. Potter of Roxbury; first lieuten- 
ant, Henry L. Swords of Charleston; second lieutenant, John Foley. 

Company C — Captain, John H. Chipman of Beverly; first lieuten- 
ant, Joseph Church of Boston ; second lieutenant, James Dunlap of 
Topsfield. 

Company D — Captain, George W. Field of Lowell; first lieutenant, 
Benjamin F. Milward of Salem ; second lieutenant, Charles Cotting. 

Company E — Captain, Frederick Cochrane of Methuen; first lieu- 



THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 711 

tenant, William A. Fifield of Lowell; second lieutenant, Charles P, 
Welch of Cambridge, 

Company F — Captain, I^ewis E. Munroe of Eoxbnrv ; first lieuten- 
ant, Kichard II. Chute of Chelsea; second lieutenant, Josejjh E. 
Moody of Newburyport. 

Comi)any G — Captain, Francis A. Wildes of Topsfield ; first lieu- 
tenant, George J. Morse of Woburn ; second lieutenant, Ward B. 
Frothingham of lioston. 

Company H — Ca])tain, Edward B. P. Kinsley of Cambridge; first 
lieutenant, Benjamin F, Chesley of Haverhill ; second lieutenant, 
8andford K. (ioldsmith of Andover. 

Company I — Ca})tain, Ezra P, (rould of Cambridge ; first lieuten- 
ant, JIumjihrey H, Buttrick of Concord; second lieutenant, Albert 
Binder of Lowell. 

Company K — Captain, Samuel A. Bean of Xatick; first lieutenant, 
George C. Burrill of Brookline; second lieutenant, Charles IL Lang 
of Beading. 

The regiment proceeded to Washington by rail, arriving there on 
the 28th ; it stopped over night at the Soldiers' Rest near the depot 
and next day was transferred by boat to Alexandria, whence after 
passing one night at the Soldiers' Rest of that city and two days 
in camp in a field some two miles out, cars were taken on the after- 
noon of May 2 for Bealton Station. Thence the regiment marched 
to Rapj)ahannock Station, where it bivouacked till the 4th, going 
on that day to Brandy Station and the 5th to Germania Ford, 
where it reported to General Stevenson, commanding the First 
Division. Ninth Corps, and was assigned to the First Brigade of 
his division, being associated with the Thirty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and 
Fifty-seventh Massachusetts and the Fourth and Tenth United 
States Regulars, the brigade being commanded by Colonel Sumner 
Carruth of the Thirtv-fifth. The next dav — ten davs after leaving 
the state and having had absolutely no ojjportunity for that season- 
ing and discipline which come from camp life and drill under a 
callable commander — the regiment took part in the battle of the 
Wilderness. In general features the story of its experience was 
similar to that of the other regiments of the brigade, though its loss 
was not so severe as that of the Fifty-seventh, being 12 killed, 27 
wounded and five missing. Soon after the battle Colonel Gould 
was prostrated by illness, and on recovering was assigned to the 
command of the brigade, leaving the regiment in the efficient hands 
of Lieutenant Colonel Hodges. 

^larching toward Spottsylvania Court House, the Fifty-ninth 



712 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

formed line of battle near the Po river, and, intrenching, held the 
position till the 12th, when they took part in the general action of 
that day, suffering a loss of 11 killed, 45 wounded and three miss- 
ing or prisoners. Among the killed was First Lieutenant George 
J. Morse. Maneuvering, building earthworks and skirmishing 
occupied the time till the army was ready for another southward 
movement, and the regiment next faced the foe on the afternoon 
of the 24th, after having crossed the North Anna at Quarles Mills. 
In the action there the brigade was taken at a disadvantage by a 
sudden onset of the enemy, and in falling back to a tenable posi- 
tion met with considerable loss in which the Fifty-ninth shared to 
the extent of two killed, 20 wounded and 16 missing, most of 
whom, including two officers, were prisoners. First Lieutenant 
George C, Burrill of Brookline Avas among the killed. 

Recrossing the river when it was found to be impracticable to 
fight a battle at that point, the regiment shared in the marching 
and maneuverings of its brigade till the 3d of June, when it again 
joined battle in earnest, in connection with the general assault on 
the Confederate lines at Cold Harbor. The part taken by the 
Ninth Corps in this battle was somewhat less destructive than that 
of corps further to the left, but the result was no more satisfactory, 
since no decided impression was made on the enemy's lines and the 
loss of life was without recompense. The Fifty-ninth had two 
killed, 15 wounded and as many captured or missing. For five 
days from the 5th of June the regiment was located near Allen's 
Mills, some distance to the rear of the scene of action of the 3d. 
Then followed the move southward to the James river, the crossing 
at Windmill Point on the 15th and the arrival before Petersburg on 
the morning of the 17th. 

Late that afternoon the division under command of Colonel 
Gould charged the enemy's lines at a point where another division 
had charged and failed; this attempt was more successful, making 
a lodgment in the hostile works by virtue of the bayonet alone, 
after a long struggle. The loss of the regiment was severe, being 
13 killed, 49 wounded and eight missing. Captain Samuel A. Bean 
was mortally wounded, dying three days later. Although. the Con- 
federate troops had simply been driven from their outer lines to a 
stronger position in the rear, the Union soldiers held, changed and 
strengthened what they had gained, and in these duties, as well as 



THE FIFTY-Niyril liEGIMENT. 718 

that of picketing the front, the regiment passed its time till the 
exjilosion of the mine beneath the Confederate -works on the morn- 
ing of the 30th of July, when the brigade, under command of 
General Bartlett, headed the column of assault. The story of the 
disaster need not be repeated; — the Fifty-ninth shared the general 
fortunes of the day, having eight killed, 25 wounded and losing 47 
prisonei's •d\\i\ missing. A sad blow io the regiment was tlie death 
of its gallant commander, Lieutenant Colonel Hodges, who was 
killed in the action, as was First Lieutenaut James Dunlap. On 
the 22d of August the ])ainful intelligence reached the command of 
the death of Colonel (Jould, who while in command of a brigade 
had been wounded, losing a leg, from the effect of which he died. 
Colonel Could was a brave and capable officer, who entered the 
service at the organization of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regi- 
ment as its major, serving in that capacity for almost three years, 
until selected to command the Fifty-ninth. Major Colbui-n being 
absent from the effects of a wound received June 17, the remnant 
of the regiment remained under command of the senior captain 
till his return to duty, August 15. He was soon afterward pro- 
moted to lieutenant colonel, and Captain Ezra P. Gould was made 
major dating from August 20; the vacant colonelcy was never lilled 
owing to the depicted numbers of the regiment. 

After this sad experience the Fifty-ninth rctuincd to the works 
in which they had been doing service, and remained there till the 
movement against the Weldon Railroad was made, resulting in the 
battle of ihe 10th of August. In that engagement only a portion 
of the regiment took part, a considerable number being detailed for 
work on artillery roads, and the loss was but four wounded and 
two missing; — though included in that list Avas Adjutant Warren, 
wlio died on the same day from his injuries. His abilities as an 
oiiieer were recognized by the complimentary commission of ma.jor, 
dating from the 4th of August. 

The troops which had gained possession of the railroad held the 
point, fortifying and remaining there till the 28th of Sci)teml)er, 
when a second movement to the left was made, in which the Fifty- 
ninth parlieijjated. It was engaged in the battle near the Peebles 
House, losing one killed, eight wounded and two missing. Ca|)tain 
Lewis E. Munroe died of wounds received Octoljcr 12. In this en- 
gagement the brigade was forced to fall back temporarily, but the 



714 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ground was afterward recovered and works were thrown up which 
the Fifty-ninth assisted in manning till the 26tli of October. A 
reconnaissance Avas then made toward the Southside Railroad, but 
il was not successful, and the regiment returned Avith the rest of 
the command, building winter quarters, but was soon after ordered 
back to the right of the lines, where works were occupied near 
the scene of the regiment's first contests before Petersburg. The 
position of the Fifty-ninth was at the right of the brigade — then 
known as the Third Brigade, First Division, and commanded by 
Colonel McLaughlen of the Fifty-seventh. The works were in 
v.ery bad condition when the regiment occupied them, but by labor- 
ing day and night they were in a short time made as complete as 
circumstances would admit. The ground was very low and close 
to the enemy's lines, where the constant firing rendered bomb-proofs 
necessary, and these from the marshy nature of the soil were con- 
stantly more or less filled with water. Incessant efforts, however, 
finally overcame many of the difficulties, and the quarters of the 
men Avere made habitable. 

During February, 1865, Lieutenant Colonel Colbui-n obtained a 
leave of absence, and as he resigned before its expiration the com- 
mand of the Fifty-ninth thenceforth devolved on Major Gould. On 
the 15tli of March the regiment was relieved by the Fifty-seventh, 
and quitting the trenches for a well-earned season of rest took the 
camp vacated by the relieving regiment, in the vicinity and to the 
rear of Fort Haskell. Ten days later came the Confederate capture 
of Fort Stcdman, and as soon as the nature of the disaster was 
known the Fifty-ninth were ordered to Battery XI, a small Avork to 
the left of Fort Stedman Avhich had been manned by the 1'wenty- 
ninth Massachusetts, most of Avhom had been captured by the as- 
sailants. When the regiment arrived there the few Confederates 
left in possession of the lunette were (]uickly driven out or captured, 
but it was soon found that the Avorks on both sides Avere virtually 
in the hands of the enemy, having either been captured or deserted 
by their defenders. Colonel McLaughlen and his staff were made 
prisoners on entering Fort Stedman, Avhich they supposed still in 
the possession of Union troops, and the lines of rebels in the rear 
were converging to gather in the little band of the Fifty-ninth. 
There Avas but one method of escape, and that Avas promptly adopted ; 
the regiment sprang over the works to the front and thus made its 



THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 715 

way between the two lines of intrenchments to Fort Haskell, where 
the scattered fragments of the brigade were uathercd. 

After the enemy had been driven out Major CJould and his coin- 
inaud were ordered into the trendies, this time l)ctwceii Fort Sted- 
nian and Battery XI, where they remained till the fall of Peters- 
burg and Richmoud, on the 2d of Ai)ril, being kei)t on the alert 
almost day and night during that time by the activity which pre- 
vailed on both sides, though there was not much severe lighting in 
which the regiment participated. On the morning of the 3d it 
marched forward over the works and into the evacuated city, en- 
eam])ing in the vicinity for a few days, after which it did duty at 
various points guarding the Southsidc Railroad. Late in April the 
corps was ordered to Washington, going by transports to Alexan- 
dria. After encamping for a few days near that city it crossed to 
the vicinity of Tennallytown, with its division, and resumed the 
routine of camp life, with occasionally a turn of picket duty, which 
had UDW become rather a form than a necessity. During the month 
of June the Fifty-ninth was formally consolidated with the Fifty- 
seventh, closing the record of its existence as a separate regiment. 

Out of a membership of less than 1,000, the Fifty-ninth had 48 
killed in action and 198 wounded ; while 99 died from wounds and 
disease, 47 of the number as prisoners of war. Like the other 
" Veteran Regiments," this command had no occasion to blush for 
its record. Called into action almost directly from the camp of 
organization, and engaging in the most persistent and exhausting 
cam{)aign known to the war, it dwindled away to a mere handful 
in the discharge of its trying duties, so that it was finally merged 
in another oruanization before the close of its service. 



THE SIXTIETH REGIMENT. 



THE Sixtieth Regiment was a militia organization formed in 
the summer of 1864 for 100 days' service, some of the com- 
panies of which had previously had an existence, while others 
were recruited for the purpose. The rendezvous was at Readviile, 
where the companies assembled during July, C being mustered first 
on the 14th, others following almost daily till the 23d when E, H 
and I completed the regiment. The list of officers was not com- 
pleted till some time later, so far as the held and staff were con- 
cerned, but when mustered the roster was as follows : — 

Oolouel, Ansel D. Wass of Boston; lieutenant colonel, David M. 
W('0dward of Worcester; major, Uriah Macoy of Xortli Bridgewater; 
surgeon, Frederic W. Mercer; assistant surgeon, George H. Powers, 
both of Boston ; adjutant Thomas Sturgis of A^ew York ; quarter- 
master, John C. Heymer of Cambridge; sergeant major, AYillium H. 
Cadwell of New Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, David M. Kelly; 
commissary sergeant, Josepli Chase, both of Haverhill; hosjiital stew- 
ard, John S. Chick of Sturbridge; drum major, William H. Penni- 
man of Quincy. 

Company A, Abington — Captain, Josiah Sonle. Jr. ; first lieuten- 
ant, Joseph B. AVarue; second lieutenant. Brainerd Cushing. 

Company B, Quincy — Captain, F. Edward Bent; first lieutenant, 
Warren W. Adams; second lieutenant, Albert Keating. 

Company C. North Bridgewater — Captain, Charles L. Sproul; first 
lieutenant, Thomas P. Barnefield; second lieutenant, Beriah T. Hill- 
man of Bridgewater. 

Company D, Fall River — Captain, Joseph O'Neill; first lieutenant, 
Benjamin F. Simmons; second lieutenant. William H. Munroe. 

Company E— -(Japtain, jMoses W. Comsett of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Darius P. Ricluirds of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Robert R. 
Andrews of Doreh.ester. 

Company F — Captain, Robert H. Chamberlain of Worcester; first 
lieutenant, Josepli A. Titus; second lieutenant, George M. Roberts, 
both of fveicester. 

('nnipnny G — Captain, Barker B. Kent, Jr., of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, John Dorr of Lexington; second lieutenant, Ezra Perkins of 
Boston. 



THE SIXTIETH BEdlMENT. "IT 

Company TT — Captain, Stephen 1). Gardiner of Boston; first- lieu- 
tenant, Joseph L. Jolmson; second lieuteimnt, Eben 1*. Cutter, l)()th 
of Newbury pert. 

Company I. llaverliill — Captain, David Boynton: lirsl lieutenant, 
Ira Hurd; second lieutenant. Joshua M. Stover. 

Company K — Captain. Chandler J. Woodward; first lieutenant, 
Henry Tracy, both of Shclburne. 

The roiiimont, l)cin<;- filled, left under orders to report to the ad- 
jutant ucmral of the army at Washinii'ton, August 1, 1864, under 
comuuind of Lieutenant Ct)lonel Woodward, with 878 enlisted men; 
but on reaching Baltimore, where it Avas joined by Colonel Wass, it 
was directed to wait there for further orders. Arms were stacked in 
the gutter and the regiment slept on the sidcAvalk the first night, 
and next day marched to the vicinity of Relay House, w'herc a stop 
of about a week was made. The men had no tents, but the weather 
was favorable, with the exception of one heavy rain-storm. The 
location was then changed to Carroll Hill, near the city, where 
another week was passed, when the regiment was ordered to Indian- 
apolis, Ind., where danger was apprehended from disloyal secret 
organizations. The Sixtieth, accompanied by a Pennsylvania regi- 
ment, repaired to its destination and was at first (puirtered at Camp 
Carrington, but shortly after removed to Burnside Barracks and 
with a Veteran Reserve regiment furnished guards for a stockade 
containing 5,000 Confederate prisoners of war. 

It remained there, thus engaged, during its entire term of enlist- 
ment, and was mustered out of service November 30 of the same 
year. Before leaving for home Colonel Wass received from Gov- 
ernor ^lorton of Indiana a very conijilimentary letter of thanks 
for the line deportment of his command. 



THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 



THE Sixty-first Regiment was organized for one year's service 
during the fall and winter of 1864-5, and was the last regi- 
ment to leave the state. Recruiting for it began about the 
middle of August, and rendezvous was at Gallop's Island in Boston 
Harbor, where the recruits were sent by detachments as they were 
obtained. The entire state was represented in the membership of 
the command, though Company A was made up of men from Pitts- 
field and some neighboring towns, while Company D was composed 
of Adams men. Company B was the first filled, being mustered at 
various dates during the latter part of August and early in Septem- 
ber, and during the latter month four other companies were com- 
pleted — C being mustered from the 1st to the 17th, A on the 12th, 
D on the 14th and E before the last days. These five companies, 
forming a battalion under command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles 
F. Walcott, left the state on the 7th of October, going by the gov- 
ernment transport steamer Charles Thomas and reaching their desti- 
nation at City Point, Va., five days later after a stormy passage. 
The battalion was at once assigned to the Engineer Brigade under 
command of General Bcnham, encamping a mile or two from the 
landing and naming its quarters Camp Schoulcr, for the efiicient 
adjutant general of Massachusetts. The other companies were for- 
warded as they filled, and when the regiment was coujplctcd its 
roster of officers was as follows : — 

Colonel, Charles F. Walcott of Cambridge ; lieutenant colonel, 
Ebeuezer W. Stone, Jr., of Eoxbury; major, James G. C. Dodge of 
Boston; surgeon, James Oliver of Athol; assistant surgeon. Rufus A. 
Olloqui of Boston; adjutaiit. H. Burr Craudall of Boston; quarter- 
master, Frederick Chandler of Cambridge; sergeant major, Benjamin 
F. Dexter of Mcdway; quartermaster sergeant, Charles M. Brown of 
Adams; commissary sergeant, Patrick J. Donovan of Medway; hos- 



THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 71!» 

pital steward, Austin Moody of Wcstficld; i)riniipiil musicians, Edward 
S. Joy of rittstield and Jeremiah Sullivan of 'I'aunton. 

Company A — Captain, Georf^^e T. Barker of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, \\'illiam II. Brown of Tittsfield; second lieutenant, John L. 
Daniels of East Lyme, Ct. 

Company B — Captain, William P. Drury of Chelsea; first lieuten- 
ant. Edward II. Morrill of Haverhill. 

Comi^aTiy C -Captain, Asahel Wheeler of Ashl)undiam; first lieu- 
tenant, Henry T. Johns of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, Frank J. 
Palmei-. 

Com})auy D — Captain, Simeon X. Eldridge of Adams; first lieuten- 
ant. Henry W. Howard of Waltham; second lieutenant, Horace A, 
Sunbury of South IJeading. 

Company E — Captain, James B. Moore of West Roxbury;* first lieu- 
tenant. Miles Farwell of Keene, N. H.; second lieutenant, Frederick 
Chandler of Cambridge. 

Company F — Captain, Sebastian P. Streeter of Poxbury; first lieu- 
tenant. Albert E. Daniels of Agawam. 

Company (I — Captain. Eugene C. Teutin of Chelsea; first lieuten- 
ant, Isaac P. Gragg of Poxljury: second lieutenant, William J. Duck- 
rell of Chelsea. 

Company H — Captain, Linus E. Clark of Lynn ; first lieutenant, 
Anthony Earle of Worcester ; second lieutenant, Thomas B. Hart of 
Lynn. 

Company I — Captain, Alanson H. Ward of Worcester; first lieuten- 
ant, Benjamin ^'aughan of Cambridge; second lieutenant, George A. 
Johnson of Worcester. 

Com]iany K — First lieutenaut, Charles A. Clarke of Medway; 
second lieutenant, John D. Ryan of Boston. 

Although nominally employed as engineers, the Sixty-first were 
also required to perform camp and picket duty, and when there was 
necessity they were as well taken to the front to hold the lines while 
the regular occupants were away on detached service. As these 
duties were in addition to the constant work upon the fortifications, 
they made the winter a very trying one for the battalion; but as a 
large pro]»ortion. including nearly every officer, of the command 
had seen former service in Massachusetts regiments, there was com- 
paratively little sickness, and the sanitary condition of the Sixty- 
lirst remained favorable. From the 10th to the l'2th of December 
the brigade was on duty at the front near Fort Sedgwick, when the 
men suffered much from the keen cold of the winter weather, but 
the battalion returned to its camp without casualty, though with 
some frost-bites incurred while on the picket line. From the 5th 
to the 11th of February, 1865, the battalion, then consisting of 



720 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

seven companies, was engaged at the front while the movement to 
Hatcher's Run was being made, returning to its camp when the 
lines at the Run had been established. 

Company H joined the main body of the regiment at City Point 
on the 15th of February, having made the passage from Massachu- 
setts on the deck of the transport steamer Mississippi, where as the 
Aveather was quite severe during the passage nearly a quarter of the 
men had received frost-bites, some of them very serious. Com- 
panies I and K reported a month later, completing the regiment, 
which on the 17th of March was transferred from Benham's Engi- 
neer Brigiade with Avhich it had thus far served, and l)ecame part of 
an independent brigade under Colonel Charles H. T. CoUis of the 
One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Regiment. From this 
time until the final assault upon Petersburg, the regiment was en- 
gaged in provost and guard duty about head-quarters at City Point, 
but when the final operations began on the 29th of March it was 
placed under arms and held itself ready for active duty. 

It was not until afternoon of the 2d of April that the regiment 
was called into actual conflict. It was then in support of the Ninth 
Corps, which had made a lodgment in the Confederate works be- 
fore Fort Sedgwick, and about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when the 
enemy had retaken Fort Mahone, the Sixty-first were called on to 
attempt a second capture of the fort. They made a superb charge 
under a deadly fire, gaining and holding the parapet of the fort, the 
Confederates retiring behind the nearest parallel. There they held 
on determinedly till sometime after dark, an advance of skirmishers 
under command of First Lieutenant Henry W. Howard finding the 
works evacuated; morning light showed that the retreat had ex- 
tended to Petersburg and Richmond, and that the Confederate 
Army of Northern Virginia had become a fugitive band, in com- 
mon with the late government at Richmond. In the action of the 
2d the loss of the Sixty-first had been five killed and 30 wounded, 
two of the latter mortally. Among the slain was a brave young- 
officer — Second Lieutenant Thomas B. Hart. 

The regiment with its brigade followed the retreating rebel army 
till the surrender, returning to City Point on the 12th in charge of 
the captives taken from EwelFs Corps at Sailor's Creek. After 
four days' rest the brigade set out for Burkesvillc, where it 
arrived on the 20th and encamped till the 1st of May, when the 



THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 721 

rcpinicnt started toward Richmond, en route to Washington, having 
at that time been attached to the First Brigade, Second Division, 
Fifth Corps. Twelve days of marching brought the command to 
the vicinity of the national capital, and it went into camp near Fort 
Barnard. It participated in the review of the army on the 23d of 
May, but no other event of note occurred till the 5th of June, when the 
first five companies were returned to Massachusetts for muster out. 
Arriving at Readville on the 8th, they were discharged on the 17th. 
The battalion which remained in service maintained its organiza- 
tion, and was on the 1st of July attached to the Third Brigade, 
Third Division of the Provisional Corps occupying the defenses of 
Washington. But this assignment only continued till the 20th 
when the second battalion started for home, arriving at Readville 
on the 22d and being mustered out on the 1st of August. Although 
its term was comparatively short, the regiment performed a great 
deal of hard labor, and won compliments from its commanders in 
whatever position it was placed. 



THE SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 



THE Sixty-second Regiment was, like the Sixt}- -first, intended 
to serve for one year, and its advance squads, went into camp 
at Readville after the departure of the last companies of the 
Sixty-first. Some of its recruits were mustered early in March, 
1865, and additions were made till the 11th of A])ril, when news of 
the surrender of General Lee's army stopped enlistments. At this 
time four companies had been filled, and nine officers were in com- 
mission and mustered, as follows: — 

Surgeon, Joshua B. Treadwell of Boston; captains, Warren S. Pot- 
ter of Roxbury, Christopher T. ITanley of Boston, and Thomas F. 
Wintlirop of Andover; first lieutenants, John C Ilcymer and Darius 
P. Richards of Cambridge and Theodore W. Pisher of Northfield; 
second lieutenants, Melville Eggleston of Stockbridge and Andrew C. 
McKenna of Boston. 

Ansel D. Wass of Boston, who had already served honorably with 
several regiments, had been designated as colonel, and I. Harris 
Hooper of Roxbury as lieutenant colonel, but they were not mus- 
tered to those grades. Other line officers had likewise been com- 
missioned but not mustered, while several proffered commissions had 
been declined. The four companies maintained their organization 
at the camp till the early days of May, when orders were received 
for their muster out, and on the 5tli the men were dismissed to 
their homes. All told, 400 officers and men had been mustered 
into the regiment, of whom two enlisted men had died of disease in 
camp, while eight had deserted. The Sixty-second Regiment could 
hardly have been said to have a history, yet it had contributed some- 
thinsi' in the areat sacrifice on the altar of a common count rv. 



THE FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. 



THE First Regiment of Heavy Artillery was a reorganization 
for that arm of the service of the Fourteenth (Infantry) 
Regiment of Massachusetts Vohmtcers [which see]. The 
transformation was ordered on the 1st of January, 1862, and as 
soon as jjossible thereafter the companies were raised to the re- 
quired numbers by an addition of 50 men each, two new companies, 
L and j\r, of loO men each being added. As a part of the command 
of General Wadsworth in the defenses of Washington the regiment 
remained during the si)ring and summer, engaged in building and 
strengthening fortifications, repairing roads, and the kindred duties 
naturally devolving upon troops in that position, in addition to gar- 
risoning the various forts placed under their care. 

During General Pope's Virginia campaign the regiment was 
ordered under arms for duty in the field, and on the 23d of August 
marched to Cloud's Mills, stopping there till the 2Gth, when it was 
ordered forward to Manassas. On the route small bodies of troops 
that had been defeated by the enemy's cavalry were met, and about 
a mile beyond Fairfax Court House the command was obliged to 
halt and form line of battle, remaining in that position during the 
day and the following ni.u-lit. One of the regiment was wounded 
while on ]»icket and taken to a house in the rear for treatment. 
While there a sudden dash was made by a body of hostile cavalry 
and the surgical staff of the regiment, wagoners and others were 
taken prisoners. The surgeons were released after being taken 
some distance, and the enlisted men were paroled. Toward evening 
of the 28th the regiment started back, going as far as Cloud's ^lills 
that evening and the next day resuming duty in the forts. Fur a 
week the First garrisoned eight forts, the line extending from Fort 
Albany in front of Long Bridge to Fort Bennett covering A(]ueduct 
Bridue. The line was then shoi-tcncd at the right bv the assitrn- 



124 MASSACHUSETT.'^ IN THE WAR. 

mcnt of other troops to three of the forts, the First continuinu- to 
occupy Forts De Kalb, Woodbury, Tillinghast, Crai<i- and Albany. 
Soon after Companies H and I Avere detached from the reg-imcnt 
for garrison duty at Maryland Hights, opposite Harper's Ferry, and 
a month later were joined by Company C, Company B being added 
to the garrison there on the 23d of December. The companies lirst 
arriving with great difficulty remounted and put in condition for use 
the guns spiked and rolled down the slope by Colonel Miles previous 
to the surrender of the post, and the Avorks in the vicinity were ex- 
tended and strengthened- by the united efforts of the battalion, which 
remained there during a considerable part of the ensuing year. 

Many changes occurred in the roster of the First during the year 
1862. Colonel Green6 resigned his commission on the lltli of 
October and was succeeded by Colonel Thomas R. Tannatt, trans- 
ferred from the Sixteenth Regiment, who joined his new command 
soon after the battle of Fredericksburg. Lieutenant Colonel Oliver 
had resigned March 13, as Surgeon Dana did on the 30th of Octo- 
ber. Major Andrew Washburn, promoted from quartermaster, was 
dismissed the service September 15. Major Levi P. Wright was 
promoted to be lieutenant colonel June 10 ; and Captains Frank A. 
Rolfe, Seth.S. Buxton and Nathaniel Shatswell became majors on 
the 22d of March, 10th of June and 31st of December respectively. 
Major Buxton died of disease January 15, 1863, and was succeeded 
by Captain Alonzo G. Draper. The latter, it may be added, was on 
the 2d of August following made colonel of a regiment of North 
Carolina Colored Troops, afterward the Thirty-sixth United States 
Colored Infantry. Captain Horace Holt succeeded him as major. 
In the line officers the changes were proportionally great, no less 
than 36 enlisted men being promoted second lieutenants during the 
year 1862. Second Lieutenant Howard Carroll of Cambridge died 
of disease at Fort Craig September 23. 

During the following year the eight companies opposite Washing- 
ton remained in the defenses, three companies being detailed to 
garrison Fort Whipple. For much of the time Colonel Tannatt 
was in command of the brigade of which his regiment formed a 
part, and for two months had charge of the line of defenses on that 
side of the Potomac. The only incidents of note during 1863 were 
in connection with the battalion stationed at Maryland Hights under 
Major Rolfe. On the 10th of June Captain Martin with Company 



THE FIRST HEAVY AliTILLERY. 725 

I was sent to Winchester, where he reported to Oenei'al Anii-oy, and 
when that officer was obliged to make a i)recii)itatc retreat before 
the onset of Ewell's Corps of the Army of Northern A'irginia, on 
the 14th, this company was detailed to remain behind and spike the 
abandoned Union guns, destroying the ammunition. This duty 
was jjerformed, but Captain Martin and 44 of his men were made 
prisoners, the remainder of the company reaching Harper's Ferry, 
by squads and singly, on the IGth and 17th. On the 29th orders 
were given to prepare for the evacuation of the post at the Ferry, 
and the battalion, after loading the best of the artillery upon canal 
boats and destroying everything else except a few old guns left in 
])osition to cover the retreat of the boats, marched on the 1st of July 
to Frederick, where it reported to General Kenly. commanding the 
^laryland Brigade, and remained attached to his command till it 
joined the Arnxy of the Potomac, when the battalion reported to 
(Jeneral R. (). Tyler commanding the reserve artillery and was for 
ii'time on duty under him. 

j\reantime Company H had been left irv charge of the guns at 
Maryland Hights, and after manning the pieces till the last of the 
canal boats were out of range Captain Holt spiked the guns and 
marched with his company to Frederick. Before rejoining the bat- 
talion he was ordered back with his command to the Harper's Ferry 
l)ridge. and had a sharp skirmish with the Confederates across the 
river, driving the rebels from their i)osition with two six-pounder 
guns which his command mounted upon convenient logs. This 
company remained on dury there for some days, reporting to the 
))attalion on the 11th. Twelve days afterward the battalion was 
ordered back to duty on Maryland Hights, and encam])cd there Avitli- 
out occurrence of note till the 3t)th of November, when it was re- 
lieved and ordered to report to the regiment in front of Washing- 
ton, the captured men from Company I having been exchanged and 
returned to duty some six weeks before. 

With the opening of the campaign of 1864 under direction of 
General (J rant, the First, with other heavy artillery regiments, were 
summoned to take the field for active duty as infantry. The com- 
mand marched on the 15th of May to Alexandria, whence it at once 
took transports to Belle Plain on Potomac Creek, where it debarked 
the following -day and reported to General R. 0. Tyler. It was as- 
signed to the Second Brigade of Tyler's Division, mainly composed 



726 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

of heavy artillery regiments. Colonel Tannatt commanded the 
brigade. It marched on the 17th by way of Fredericksburg to the 
reinforcement of the Army of the Potomac, then before Spottsyl- 
vania, reporting at head-quarters early in the morning of the 18th. 
During that day the regiment was under artillery fire much of the 
time, and the following day, soon after having marched to the Har- 
ris farm, some two miles to the rear on the Fredericksburg road, had 
its first severe engagement. A Confederate force (Ewell's Divis- 
ion of Early's Corps, 6,000 strong) being reported in the woods in 
front of the regiment, two companies were deployed as skirmishers, 
and became at once engaged. The First Battalion under Major 
Rolfe went to the support of the skirmishers, and the rest of the 
regiment was soon engaged, fighting for a time the entire hostile 
division. Support having arrived, the First fell back and reformed 
their line, when they again advanced and took part .in the engage- 
ment till the enemy retired with heavy loss late in the evening. In 
this its first battle the regiment suffered a loss of 394 of the 1,617 
taken into action, 55 b^ing killed, 312 wounded and 27 missing. 
Among the killed were the gallant Major Frank A. Rolfe and First 
Lieutenant Edward Graham of Lynn, and of the 15 officers wounded 
Captains Albert A. Davis of Lawrence and William G. Thom]ison 
of Amesbury, and First Lieutenant Charles Carroll of Lynn died 
of their injuries. 

After this creditable test of its fighting qualities the regiment 
joined in the movement to the North Anna, and during the fight- 
ing at that point was in reserve, having one man killed and 13 
wounded — two of the latter l)eing members of a detachment sent 
out to destroy a bridge across the river above the- scene of conflict. 
At noon of the 27th the march to»the left was resumed and next 
day the Pamunkey was crossed below Hanover Court House. On 
the 29th the regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third 
Division, Second Corps, — formerly the brigade of General Alexan- 
der Hays, killed at the Wilderness. Colonel Tannatt took com- 
mand of the brigade. On the 31st, having again moved southward, 
the regiment took part in the battle of Totopotomy, at first as 
reserve and afterward at the front in occupancy of the enemy's 
works, losing five men wounded and three missing. At night of 
June 1, the command marched for Cold Harbor, which was reached 
the following afternoon, and in the assault on the morning of the 



THE FIRST HE A VY ARTILLEII Y. T21 

3cl four companies had an active part, bcinu- temporarily assiu'ned to 
another brigade. From the 4th till the 12th, when the march to 
the James river began, the regiment held a position on the Shady 
Grove road, much of the time under fire, the total loss being two 
killed, 13 wounded and 16 missing. 

Crossing the James on the 14th, the First marched the next day 
toward Petersburg, reaching the Dunn house soon after the colored 
troops had carried the works at that place. At sunset of the 16th 
the regiment formed part of the force which assaulted the enemy's 
works, but was repulsed with heavy loss — 25 killed, 132 wounded 
and five missing. First Lieutenant Lewis P. Caldwell of Ames- 
bury and Second Lieutenant Orrin L. Farnham of Andover were 
mortally wounded, dying the following day. Nine men were 
wounded during the operations of the 17th. Two assaults were 
made on the 18th — one at sunrise, driving the enemy from his 
works near the Hare house, and another at noon, which failed to 
accomplished its purpose. In these affairs and in skirmishing which 
ensued during the next two days the regiment lost four killed and 
51 wounded. On the 21st the movement to the Jerusalem Plank 
road was begun, and the following day the First took part in the 
battle of Weldon Railroad which resulted. The regiment suffered 
severely, especially in prisoners, the division being flanked by the 
enemy breaking through Barlow's Division on the left of Birney's. 
Captain Joseph W. Kimball of Lawrence was killed as were eight 
enlisted men, 48 were wounded, and 185 captured, including six 
otticers. 

A month of comparative quiet followed, during which, on the 6th 
of July, the regiment was ordered to the rear that the papers for 
the muster out of the original members, or such of them as had 
not re-enlisted, might be jorepared, and the men departed for ^lassa- 
chusetts on the 8th. The remainder, still maintaining the regimen- 
tal organization, returned to the brigade on the 12th, and after a 
short tour of duty at the front went into camp near the Deserted 
House, where Colonel Tannatt resigned his commission and was 
mustered out July 18. 

During the remainder of the summer the regiment moved from 
point to point in the works about Petersburg, crossing the James 
river to the vicinity of Deep Bottom on the 2Tth of July and again 
on the 14th of August, suffering a total loss of some ten killed and 



728 3rASSACnUSETrS IN THE WAB. 

wounded. During most of the month of September it was in Fort 
Alexander Hays as garrison, but on the 1st of October with its 
division moved to the left and took part in the battle of Yellow 
Tavern on the 2d, losing two killed and 19 wounded, eight of 
whom were captured, as the First not being supported, had to re- 
tire from a position which they had gained near the hostile works. 
After assisting to build four forts covering the ground gained, the 
regiment returned to its former location in front of Petersburg, 
where it remained till the 27tli, when it again went to the left and 
that afternoon took part in the battle of Hatcher's Run. During 
the fight the Union troops were flanked and obliged to fall back, 
leaving one section of artillery in the hands of the Confederates, 
but the left wing of the First made a gallant dash and brought 
off the guns. One man was killed, six were wounded, and over 40 
made prisoners, all but 12 of whom escaped and rejoined the regi- 
ment during the night. 

Fort Hays was reoccupied on the 30th, the regiment doing duty 
there till the 28th of November, when it was relieved and went 
into camp near the Vaughan road at the left of the Union lines. 
On the 7th of December, with the division, it joined the Fifth Corps 
on its raid southward to destroy the Weldon Railroad, returning on 
the 13th after an expedition in which the men suffered much from 
the inclement weather, the ground being frozen on the return and 
many having no shoes. The winter camp was then occupied till 
the 5th of February, 1865, when the regiment joined the expedi- 
tion to Hatcher's Run and took part in the battle which ensued, 
being at first in reserve and afterward engaged at the front, but 
without serious casualties. After bivouacking on the field till the 
9th it returned to camp, and there remained till the 25th of March. 
The final operations against Petersburg then began and that after- 
noon the First took part in the battle of Duncan's Run, being at 
first in reserve but later taking the place of the First Brigade of 
the division M'hich had retired. The loss of the regiment was two 
killed and seven wounded. Remaining on picket that night, it next 
day followed the brigade back to camp, and remained till the 29th, 

It then moved with its brigade, crossing Hatcher's Run and skir- 
mishing and fighting till the night of the 2d of April, duing which 
time it suffered a loss of two or three killed and a dozen wounded. 
In the pursuit of the j-etreating Confederate army the corps marched 



THE FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. 729 

and .skirmished incessantly till the IHli of A]»ril, when at Clover 
Hill the intelligence was received that Lee had snrrendered. Rest- 
ing there for two days, the regiment marched to Burkesville, where 
it arrived on the 13th, and from there on the 2d of May set out for 
Manchester, opposite Richmond. The march was continued with- 
out stop of more than a day till Bailey's Cross Roads were reached 
inside the fortifications of Washington on the 15th, just a year from 
the time the organization set forth for its active campaigning in the 
field. After resting for a month the regiment was again assigned 
to duty in the forts, occupying at first those near Chain Bridge and 
later being moved to Forts Strong and C. F. Smith. 

On th(! 19th of July it was ordered reduced to a battalion of four 
companies and consolidated with the Third Massachusetts Heavy 
Artillery Regiment, but the change went no further than the re- 
duction to a battalion, and on the 17th of August the command was 
ordered to Massachusetts for muster out. Arriving at Boston on 
the 20th, the battalion encamped till the 25th on Gallop's Island, 
when it was discharged, after nearly four years and two months' 
service. Of its members captured in action, 178 had died in Con- 
federate prison pens. 



THE SECOND HEAVY ARTILLERY. 



THE Second Regiment of Heavy Artillery was authorized in 
the summer of 1863. In May of that year, after the forts 
defending Newbern, N. C, had been constructed, the neces- 
sity for such an organization, which could serve both as a garrison 
and for field duty, became apparent, and General Foster, in com- 
mand of the Department of North Carolina, suggested to the War 
Department the advisability of enlisting such a regiment from 
the nine-months' organizations in his department whose terms of 
service were about to expire. This plan was approved, and Gov- 
ernor Andrew was authorized to create such a regiment, as a 
veteran organization. All of the officers originally commissioned 
were taken from Massachusetts regiments in the field. 

Company A was mustered on the 28th of July, B on the 29th, C 
on the 4th of August and D on the 22d. These four companies, 
forming the First Battalion, left the state on the 5th of September, 
sailing from Boston on the steamer Guide for Newbern. Com- 
pany E was mustered on the 5th of October and F on the 8th, 
and these two companies were sent forward on the 7th of Novem- 
ber, going by rail to New York and thence taking steamer to 
Newbern. None of the other companies were filled till the closing 
month of the year, when the entire six were prepared for the 
mustering officer in rapid succession; Companies G and H on 
the 7th of December, I on the 11th, K and L on the 22d and 
M on the 24th. On the 8th of January, 1864, these six companies 
left Boston for Fortress Monroe, where they reported to General 
Butler commanding the depatment, the regimental head-quarters 
being established at Norfolk, Ya. The roster : — 

Colonel, Jones Frankle of Haverliill ; lieutenant colonel, Augustus 
B. R. iSprague of Worcester ; majors, Samuel C. Oliver of Salem, 



THE SECOND HEAVY ARTILLERY. T-il 

William A. Aniory of "West Roxbury and Henry T. Lawson of New- 
ton; surgeon, Jlali Curtis of Boston; assistant surireons, Dixi C. lloyt 
of Milford and James Henry Denny of Boston; adjutant, Wallace 
Hinckley of Lowell; quartermaster, Joseph li. Thomas of Amesbury: 
sergeant major, George S. Keyes; quartermaster sergeant, Frederick 

A. Chapin, both of Boston; commissary sergeant, Horace Brown of 
Amesbury; hospital steward, James 1\. Carpenter of Boston; principal 
musician, William H. Abbott of Lawrence. 

Company A — C'aptain, Thomas D. Kimball of Oxford; first lieuten- 
ants, Alfred H. Pulsifer of Lowell and John H. Foley of Stoaeham; 
second lieutenants^ Charles A. Cunningham and Luke E. Jenkins, 
both of Boston. 

Company B — Captain, Nehemiah P. Fuller of Danvers; first lieu- 
tenant, William F. Longer of Lowell; second lieutenant, Edward L. 
Kol)l)ins of Plymouth. 

Comi)any C — Cai)taiii, Charles B. Newton of Bolton; first lieuten- 
ants, .Samuel 11. Bingham of A^'estfield and James L. Wilbur of Xew 
Bedford; second lieutenants, Jphn Lawson of Lowell and Edward S. 
Col ton of Boston. 

Comjiany D — Captain, Russell H. Con well of Worthington; first 
lieutenants, Robert B. King of Boston and John S. Allanson of Cam- 
bridge; second lientenants, Edward F. Everett of Charlestown and 
Clarence Whitney of Framingham. 

Company E — Captain, Benjamin H. Ticknor of West Roxbury; first 
lieutenant, Alfred H. Kinsley of Springfield ; second lieutenants, 
Edwin Legg of Milford and Myron S. Sanford of Worcester. 

Company F — Captain. James C. White of Milton; first lieutenants, 
Edwartl P. White of Milton and FordyeeA. Dyer of Plainfield; second 
lieutenants, Rowland L. Hillman of New Bedford and George G. 
Bailey, Jr., of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, Ira B. Sampson of Springfield; first lieuten- 
ants, Henry P. Hopinn of Cambridge and Stephen E. Green of Wor- 
cester; second lieutenants, William Hamilton of Amesbury and Robert 

B. Sinclair of AVorcester. 

Company H — Captain. Joseph E. Fiske of Needham; first lieuten- 
ant, Obed j\L Fish of Boston; second lieutenants, Henry W. Reed of 
Worcester and Horace Lee Clark of Springfield. 

Company I — Captain, John D. Parker, Jr., of Boston; first lieuten- 
ants, Edward W. Denny of Somerville and Benjamin A. Shaw of Fall 
River; second lieutenants, George M. Rice, Jr., of Worcester and 
Charles D. J^amb of Boston. 

Company K — Captain, Frederick A. Lull of Cambridge; first lieu- 
tenants. Otis B. Smith of Boston and Arthur A. Putnam of Danvers; 
second lieutenants, Benjamin F. Blatchford of Rockport and Frederick 
Grant of Salem. 

Company Jj — Captain, Joseph W. Paine of Roxbury; first lieuten- 
ants, Joseph F. Field of AVestfield and Joseph W. B. Wright of Bos- 
ton; second lieutenants, Peter H. Haskell of New York and William 
T. Jones of Boston. 

Company M — Captain, Jere A. Greeley of Salisbury; first lieu ten- 



732 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

unts, Stephen L. Hubbard of Charlestown and Albert E. Smith of 
Boston; second lieutenants, Henry A. Merritt of Chelsea and James 
A. Emory of Salisbury. 

In addition to the above list of officers, the following second lieu- 
tenants were commissioned at various dates from the i!5th of August, 
1863, to January 2, 1804: Charles M. Eight and George S. Keyes 
of Boston, William H. Snow of Lowell, and Bailey Sargent of Ames-, 
bury. ♦ Many of these officers were on detached service; Colonel 
Frankle was first assigned to the command of the defenses of New- 
bern arid then as military governor at Plymouth ; Major Lawson was 
made provost marshal of Newbern, in which position he lost his life 
by yellow fever ; 11 of the line officers were ordered on duty with bat- 
teries of the regular army, while others were detailed for staff duty. 

The six companies which had previously gone forward had been 
distributed at various points in North Carolina, but the last detach- 
ment was for a time located with the head-quarters at Norfolk, Va., 
whence two companies — -G and H — w^ere presently sent to form a 
part of the garrison of Plymouth, N. C. The fate of these com- 
panies was the tragic chapter in the history of the regiment. At 
the capture of the place by the Confederates on the 20th of April 
following, they were made prisoners of war, after a resistance in 
which they suffered a loss of four killed and a small number 
-wounded. Some 275 went into captivity, and they experienced the 
utmost horrors of the prison pens. Captain Sampson and possibly 
one or two others escaped, but so deadly were the ravages of disease, 
starvation and exposure that when in the spring of 1865 the sur- 
vivors were exchanged and returned to the regiment, only 35 came 
back of the more than 270 who had been captured. 

In May, 1864, seven companies were gathered at Newbern, Colonel 
Frankle's head-quarters being transferred to that city, and a month 
or two later the entire regiment with the exception of two com- 
l)anies was quartered there. During August and September large 
numbers of recruits were added to the command, till it reached a 
membership of more than 2,000, a considerable portion of these 
recruits being enlisted for one year. The surplus was after a time 
transferred to the Seventeenth Massachusetts. During the autumn 
Newbern was visited by a severe epidemic of yellow fever, by 
which the Second lost a great number especially during October. 

The regiment being at that time the strongest in numbers in the 



THE SECOND HE A VY ART ILL Ell Y. 73;^ 

vicinity, it was called upon for corresponding details for duty in the 
city; and while not a case of the fever occurred in the regimental 
camp, the death rate in the city was frightful. All civilians em- 
ployed by the government left the city on the outbreak of the epi- 
demic, and their places were filled by details from the Second. As 
an instance of the fatality, it may be stated that one detail of 12 
men and a corporal to serve at the signal station was reduced to 
four men by death within three days after going on duty. 

The opening of the year 1865 found two companies of the regi- 
ment stationed in Virginia, four at Plymouth, N. C, and the re- 
maining six at Newbern. The companies at Plymouth engaged in 
some rcconnaissniiccs and demonstrations, in which some stores were 
captured and slight skirmishes took place, but only a single man 
was reported lost. About the 1st of April the two companies from 
Virginia rejoined the main body at Newbern, and while they with 
one other company went into garrison in the vicinity, the remain- 
ing five companies under command of Lieutenant Colonel Sprague 
had already taken the field and participated honorably in the en- 
gagements in the vicinity of Kinston on the 8th of March; but as 
the regiment was not heavily engaged its loss was but three killed 
and a few wounded. These companies afterward formed for a time 
the provost guard of Kinston, but early in June the regiment was 
assembled at Camp Chattanooga near Newbern. It encamped there 
till late in July, when it was transferred to the fortifications in the 
vicinity of Wilmington and during the month of August garrisoned 
the famous Fort Fisher. It was then ordered home to Massachu- 
setts, being mustered out of the United States service on the 3d of 
Sc])tcmber. It reached Gallop's Island in Boston Harbor on the 
15th, and on the 28d it was discharged and the members returned 
to their homes. 

This regiment had only eight men killed in action, but 340 died 
from other causes, about one-half of whom are known to have 
perished in Confederate prisons. Four officers of the regiment died 
during its term of service — First Lieutenant Benjamin A. Shaw on 
the 2Gth of July, 18G4, Major H. T. Lawson on the 1st of October, 
First Lieutenant Fordyce A. Dyer on the 26th, and Assistant Sur-" 
geon Dixi C. Hoyt on the 1st of November. The vacancy caused 
by the death of Major Lawson was filled by the promotion of Cap- 
tain Nehcmiah P. Fuller. 



THE THIRD HEAVY ARTILLERY. 



THE Third Regiment of Heavy Artillery was organized as such 
in the latter part of the year 1864, being composed of 12 
companies which had previously been known as the Third 
and the Sixth to the Sixteenth (inclusive) Unattached Companies 
of Heavy Artillery. Of these companies eight had been raised dur- 
ing 1863 and mustered into the United States service for garrison- 
ing the forts on the Massachusetts coast. This duty they had per- 
formed faithfully till the spring of 1864 when they were called by 
the Secretary of War to report to Washington for duty in the city's 
defenses, that other troops might be relieved to serve with the armies 
in the field. Governor Andrew insisted that the companies should 
be given a regimental organization ; and though his request was for 
a time refused it was finally granted, the remaining four companies 
were raised and forwarded during the summer and the regimental 
organization was completed with the following roster of officers : — 

Colonel, William S. Abert of Wasliington, D. C; lieutenant colonel, 
John A. P. Allen of New Bedford; majors, George S. Worcester of 
Boston, Lyman B. Whiton of Hingham, and James M. Richardson of 
Brookline; surgeon, William Nichols, Jr., of Boston; assistant sur- 
geon, George E. Pinkham of Farmington, N. H. ; adjutant, James 
H. Osgood of Boston; quartermaster, George Bragdon of Rockiiort; 
sergeant major, William F. Wood; quartermaster sergeant, William 
P. lliggins; commissary sergeant, James' C. Worthly, all of Boston; 
hospital steward, Galen HoUis of Randolph ; principal musician, 
Samuel II. Lco of Nortli Adams. 

Company A (Third Unattached) — Captain, Lyman B. Whiton of 
Hingham; first lieutenants, James H. Baldwin of Boston and Benjamin 
A. Ball of Worcester; second lieutenants, Edwin Thomas of Weymouth 
and Zeno A. Applcton of Rockport. This company with the above 
office-rs was mustered January 10, 18(53. When the Thiixl Regiment 
was organized, Captain Whiton was made major, and Lieutenant Bald- 
win having been transferred to another command. Lieutenant BaW 
was commissioned captain. 

Company B (Sixth Unattached) — Captain, John A. P. Allen; first 
lieutenants, T. Washburn Cook and William Cook; second lieuten- 



THE THIRD HEAVY ARTILLERY. 735 

ants, Leander A. Williston and Frederick S. Gifford, all of New Bed- 
ford. The company was mustered May 19, 18G3. Captain Allen 
being j)romoted to major and lieutenant colonel successively, the cap- 
taincy of the company was devolved, May 'Z'i. 1864, upon T. W. Cook. 

Company C (Seventh Unattached) — Captain, George S. Worcester; 
first lieutenants, Alfred W. Brigham and Cornelius F. Driscoll; second 
lieutenants, Constantine Chase and William ]\I. Hale. Hale was of 
Rowley, all the other olHcers being Jioston men, though the company 
represented all parts of the state. It was mustered August 14, 1803. 
Captain Worcester being promoted major. First Lieutenant Brigham 
was advanced to captain October 13, 18G4. 

Company D (Eighth Uirattached) — Captain, Loring S. Richardson: 
first lieutenants, Walter P. Beaumont and James H. Osgood all of 
Boston; second lieutenants, Charles T. Robbins of Chelsea and Charles 
II. :Mayo of Roxbury. Mustered on the 14th of August, 18G3. 

Company E (Ninth Unattached) — Captain, Leonard Gordon of Bos- 
ton; first lieutenants. Simeon P. Curi'ier of Somerville and Maurice 
Roche of Lowell; second lieutenants, David D. Dana and Samuel J. 
Bradlee, both of Boston. The company was mustered August 27, 1863. 

Company F (Tenth Unattached) — Captain, Cephas C. Bumpus of 
Braintree; first lieutenants, Joseph Austin and Silas Sanborn, Jr., both 
of Boston; second lieutenants, Everett C. Bumpus of Braintree and 
Elijah W. Barstow of ilattapoisetr. Mustered September K!, 1863. 

Company G (Eleventh Unattached) — Captain, Thomas Herbert of 
Lynn; first lieutenants, George Bragdon of Rock port and Henry B. 
Jones of Boston; second lieutenants, John H. Shaw of Boston and 
Simeon A. Burnham of Gloucester. Mastered October 20, 1863. 

Company H (Twelfth Unattached) — Captain.James M. Richardson 
of Brookline ; first lieutenants, Joseph M. Parsons of Salem and 
George W. Pierce of Taunton; second lieutenants, Louis R. AVhitaker 
of Taunton and Edward G. Cartwright of Nantucket. The company 
was mustered Novemlier 20. 1863, and at the formation of the regi- 
ment Captain Richardson was made junior major. Lieutenant Pierce 
being promoted captain. 

Company I (Thirteenth LTnattached) — Captain, John Pickering of 
Salem; first lieutenants, Oliver J. Bixby and John F. E. Chamberlain, 
both of Springfield; second lieutenants, William F. Merrill of Andover 
and William H. Dolliver of Gloucester. 

Company K (Fourteenth Unattached) — First lieutenants, John 11. 
Wilson of Boston and Francis A. Nash of Abington; second lieuten- 
ants, Asa T. Potter of Ipswich and William H. Remington of Bos- 
ton. This company was mustered ^lay 12, 1864, at Gallop's Island, 
Avhence it sailed by transport for Washington June 23. 

Comjiany L (Fifteenth Unattached) — Captain, Joseph M. Parsons 
of Salem; first lieutenants, Edward J. Russell of Nortli Brookfield 
and James C. Rogers of Boston; second lieutenants, Alexander Trott 
of Boston and Edward H. Melius of Braintree. This company was 
mustered May 30, 1864, and sailed for Washington with C()m])any K. 

Company M (Sixteenth Unattached) — Captain, Cornelias F. Dris- 
coll of Boston; first lieutenant, Charles T. Robbins of Chelsea; second 



73ti MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

lieutenants, Charles H. Holmes of Topsfield and George Lemoyne of 
Boston. This company', which completed the quota of the regiment, 
was mustered by detachments at various dates during the last half of 
August, 1864, and sailed for Washington on the 22d of September. 

With the exception to be noted, the organization of the companies 
into a regiment brought no change in the nature of the duties which 
were being performed. The regiment occupied various forts in the 
chain surrounding Washington, and executed well the duties which 
came to it. A portion of the men were mustered out June IT, 
1865, the remainder serving till Septem'ber 18 of the same year, 
when they also were returned to Massachusetts. 

Company I did not join the regiment and had an entirely differ- 
ent experience. It was recruited at Springfield, being mustered 
on the 10th of February, 1864, and as it was largely composed of 
mechanics who had been employed in the National Armory there, 
it was sent to Fortress Monroe, sailing on the 7th of March, and 
arriving there was at once reported to Captain F. U. Farquhar, 
chief engineer of the Department, by whom it was placed in charge 
of the ponton trains of the Army of the James. The men and 
officers applied with so much devotion to their new duties that in 
the operations which followed they won the most unqualified praise 
for their skill as pontoniers and their gentlemanly and soldierly 
conduct. Among their more notable work was the building and 
maintenance of the ponton bridges across the Appomattox connect- 
ing the Armies of the James and of the Potomac ; the bridges 
across the James river used in the freqtient crossing of the Federal 
armies during the siege of Petersburg ; the ponton bridge at Farm- 
villc by which the Second and Sixth Corps crossed in the pursuit 
of Lee's retreating army, and that at Richmond across the James, 
by which all the Union armies crossed on their way to Washington 
after the close of the war. It also ran captured saw-mills, supply- 
ing lumber for hospitals and other purposes, built wharves and roads, 
and performed the many other duties devolving upon engineers, all 
in the most satisfactory manner. This company remained in ser- 
vice till September "IQ, 1865, when it was mustered out. 

The regiment had none killed in action, but lost during its service 
41 dying from disease, accident, etc. Among the number were 
First Lieutenants Maurice Roche, who died April 2, 1864, and John 
A. CoUamore of Boston, Sejjtember 17, 1865. 



THE FOURTH HEAVY ARTILLERY. 



THE Fourth Reg'iinont of IJeavv Artillery was comi)OScd of 
the L^iiattaehed Companies numbered from the ^Seventeenth 
to the Twenty-eighth inclusive. These companies were sent 
forward to Washmgton as such in September, 1864, six companies 
sailing from Boston on the 11th, two going by rail on the 13th, and 
the remaining four sailing on the iGth. The companies were at 
once assigned i)Ositions in the defenses of Washington, and on the 
12th of November, were organized as a regiment. The olhcers : — 

Colonel. William S. King of IJoxbury; lieutenant colonel. Samuel 
C. Hart of IS'ew Bedford; majors, Francis E. Boyd of Boston. William 
N. Meserve of Ivoxbury and Joseph W. Gelray of Lowell; surgeon, 
John tStearns of Boston; assistant surgeon, John F. Saville of Quincy; 
chaplain, Isaac H. Coe of Xew Bedford (commissioned April 3, 1865); 
sergeant major, Jose])h H. Whitney of Ashburnham; quartermaster 
sergeant. W^arren W. Willis of Wintlirop; commissary sergeant, Edwin 
B. George of (Jrovelaud: hospital steward, J. S])aulding Cliick of 
Fall liiver; ])rincipal musician, William Uicky of South Dunvers. 

Company A — Captain, IJichard Pliilliiis: lirst lieutenants, Benjamin 
L. Mitchell and Benjainin F. ]\Iartin. all of Marblehead; second lieu- 
tenants, Stuart F. McClearn of Marblehead and James W. Nichols 
of Salem. 
• Company B — Captain, Henry C. Conner of Lynn; first lieutenants, 
Frank Goodwin of Lynn and Edward S. Colton of Boston; second 
lieutenants, W. Quincy Baxter of t^uincy and William R. Wilbur of 
Boston. 

Company C — Captain, James H. Wade of Boston; first lieutenants, 
George T. IMartin of ^lalden and George W. ]\Icrritt of Scituate; 
second lieutenants, Julius T. Xewell of Franklin and Ambrose M. 
Page of Way laud. 

Company 1) — Captain, J. Orlando Bemis of Worcester; first lieu- 
tenants, Charles N. Hair of Worcester and Charles E. Pierce of Quincy; 
second lieutenants, George H. Conklin and Augustus Stone, both of 
Worcester. 

Company E — Captain, Charles P. Winslow; first lieutenant. John 
Jones, both of Westboro ; second lieutenants, William H. Fay of 
Westboro and Jeremiah B. P. Ladd of Groveland. 



738 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company F — Captain, George T. Fayerweather of Westboro; first 
lieutenants, Samuel W. Mann of Westboro and 8ereno D. Gammell 
of Charlcstown: second lieutenants, Charles P. Hey wood of Worces- 
ter and James H. Lee of Cliarlestown. 

Company G — Captain, Andrew J. Garey of Weymouth; first lieu- 
tenants, Elihu E. Eockwood of Greenfield and Charles A. Morrill of 
Weymouth; second lieutenants, John W". Bates of Weymouth and 
Elisha J. Gibbs of New Bedford. 

Company H — Captain, Eben T. Hay ward of Fitch burg; first lieu- 
tenants, J. Henry Eichardson of Fitchburg and Jonas Shackley of 
Quincy; second lieutenant, Samuel A. Taylor of Ashburnham. 

Company I —Captain, Abraham A. Oliver of Boston; first lieuten- 
ants. Jamas H. Atherton of Sandwich and Andrew T. Nute of Eox- 
bury; second lieutenants, Lyman P. Trask of Eoxbury and Edel])ert 
P. Adams of Boston. 

Company K — Captain, Albert E. Proctor; first lieutenants, George G. 
Nichols and Thomas A. Cranston, all of Boston; second lieutenants, 
Lyman F. W. Gushing of Medford and William J. Wheeler of Boston. 

Company L — Cajitain, James McDavitt; first lieutenant, Philip 
Smith, both of Lynn; second lieutenants, Charles E. Chase of Lynn 
and Charles L. Avers of Newlniryport. 

Company M — Captain, Benjamin T. Noyes of West Newbury; first 
lieutenants, Elijah P. Eogers of Newbury and Andrew A. Chipman 
of Salem; second lieutenant, Silas N. Eichards of New Bedford. 

The companies composing tho Fourth had been recruited for one 
year's service, as had also the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Unat- 
tached Companies which performed similar duty, the latter leaving 
Massachui-etts from the camp at Gallop's Island September 26 and 
the former October 29. These companies were officered as follows : 

Twenty-ninth Company — Captain, George W. Kenney of Danvers; 
first lieutenants, George F. Gould of Boston and Andrew J. Bacon of 
Chelsea; second lieutenants, Wallace E. Eansom and Edwin P. Jew- 
ett, both of Boston. 

Thirtieth Company — Captain, Samuel E. Bingham of Boston; first 
lieutenants, Morrill Prescott of Sju-ingfield and William W. Jordan 
of Boston; second lieutenant, Samuel F. Siskron of Springfield. 

The duty required of these organizations was faithfully performed, 
and the regiment and companies won much credit for their soldierly 
qualities, though their duties did not call them into the test of bat- 
tle. The Fourth Regiment lost 21 members from disease, including 
First Lieutenant George T. Martin, who died March 13, 1865, and the 
Twenty-ninth Company two. The war being ended and no necessity 
for their further services existing, the companies w^ere mustered out 
June 16, 1865, and the Fourth Regiment the following day. 



FIRST BATTALION HEAVY ARTILLERY. 



THE First Battalion of Heavy Artillery was organized as such 
about the last of April, 1863, beinf^ composed at that time 
of the First, Second and Fourth Unattached Companies of 
Heavy Artillery. Captain Stephen Cabot of the First Company 
was i)romoted to major on the formation of the battalion, and con- 
tinued in the command till his muster out in the aprinu' of 1865. 
The Fifth Company, mustered June 6, 1863, was added to the bat- 
talion. These four companies were enlisted for three years, but 
about the middle of August, 1864, two additional companies were 
added, raised for one year, and thenceforth the organization com- 
prised the six companies. The facts in regard to each are briefly 
as follows: — 

Company A (First Unattached Company) was raised early in 
1862, its officers being commissioned on the 26th of February. 
Stephen Cabot of Boston was captain, Caleb E. Niebuhr of Boston 
and Elias W. Hayes of Gloucester first lieutenants, Francis E, Boyd 
of Ijoston and C. Frederic Livermore of Cambridge second lieu- 
tenants. This company was formed under permission from Wash- 
ington to raise an experimental volunteer force for the garrisoning 
of the forts in Boston Harbor. It went on duty at Fort Warren 
and under the care of Captain Cabot proved so satisfactory that per- 
mission was granted to raise a battalion for like duty. Eventually 
many com})anics were thus raised, most of which were formed into 
regiments of heavy artillery and sent to the front, but this company 
remained to protect its home harbors. It was stationed at Fort 
Warren continuously — with the exception of small details sent to 
various points from time to time as guards to prisoners, conscripts, 
and the like — till December 24, 1864, when it was ordered to Cham- 
plain, N. Y., trouble being feared on the Canadian border. It re- 
turned to Fort Warren on the 13th of May, 1865, remaining there 



"740 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

till it was mustered out on the 20th of October following. Two of 
its members died and 12 deserted during the term of service. 

Company B (Second Unattached Company) was formed during 
October and November, 1862, its officers being commissioned No- 
vember 3, as follows : Captain, Caleb E. Niebuhr of Boston ; first 
lieutenants, Charles F. Livermore of Cambridge and James A. 
Blanchard of Boston; second lieutenants, Royal W. Thayer and 
Otis S. Wilbur, both of Randolph. This company also served at 
Fort "Warren during the earlier part of its history. At the time of 
the draft riots in July, 1863, it was sent to the city to preserve the 
peace, remaining there from the 14th to the 23d of July, when it 
returned to the Harbor. It furnished its proportion of small de- 
tails to various parts of the country, and in August, 1864, went to 
New Bedford, where it garrisoned the fort on Clark's Point till its 
muster out June 29, 1865. This company lost three by death and 
77 from desertion while in the service. 

Company C (Fourth Unattached Company) was mustered April 
22, 1863, being assigned to duty at Fort Warren, where it constantly 
remained. Its original officers were : Captain, C. Frederic Liver- 
more of Cambridge ; first lieutenants, Frederick C Niebuhr of Bos- 
ton and William Ray ; second lieutenant, Charles T. Parker of Bos- 
ton. On the 13tli of July, 1863, one officer and 25 men from this 
company were sent to Concord, N. H., for duty in connection with 
the draft, and remained there till late in September ; the remainder 
of the company was on the 14th of July ordered to Boston on ac- 
count of the threatened riot, but returned to the fort on the 17th. 
The company was mustered out on the 20th of October, 1865, hav- 
ing lost 61 by desertion and three by death. 

Company D (Fifth Unattached Company) was mustered June 6, 
1863, Avith these officers: Captain, Thomas I. Little; first lieuten- 
ants, John Parr and William H. White; second lieutenant, Calvin 
B. Prescott, all of Boston. One officer and 42 men were sent to 
Concord, N. IL, on the 13th of July, and the day following most of 
the remainder of the company was taken to Boston on account of 
the riot, but returned to the fort after three days. In the early 
])art of August the company, made a trip to Newborn, N. C, with 
conscripts, and on the 25th of September joined the detachment 
on duty at Concord. Returning from there on the 19th of Decem- 
ber, the company garrisoned Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, 



FIR s- T li . I IT A L lO X II EA VY A li TIL L E R Y. 741 

wlicrt' it remained till its muster out, September 12, 1865. This 
coni|)anv also lost three from death and 3'2 from desertion. 

Company E, Captain James A. Blanchard of Boston, and Com- 
pany F, Captain George A. Perry of Millbury, were the one-year 
attachments to the battalion. They were mustered on the 15th of 
August, 1804, and served till the 28th of June, 1865, continuously 
at Fort Warren, when both were mustered out. Company E lost 
two men by death ; neither company suffered from desertion. 

^lajor Cabot retained the command of the battalion till the 27th 
of February, 1865, when he was mustered out at the expiration of 
his term of enlistment and Captain Livermore succeeded to the 
majority, which he retained till the battalion was dissolved by the 
return of its members to civil life. 



THE FIRST CAVALRY. 



THE First Regiment of Cavalry was organized during the 
early autumn of 1861, gathering at Camp Brigham, Read- 
ville, the first detachments arriving on the 9th of Septem- 
ber and others following till the ranks of the companies were filled. 
The men were mustered at various times from the 12th to the 25th 
of Septem])er, squads being added later to bring the membership to 
the maximum. The officers' commissions, also, were issued at 
various dates from the time the regiment began to gather at Read- 
ville until it left the state about the close of the year, some of the 
junior officers not having been commissioned even then. The ros- 
ter, so far as completed, was as follows: — 

Colonel, Robert Williams of Virginia; lieutenant colonel, Horace 
Binney Sargent of West Roxbury; majors, William F. White of Somer- 
ville, John H. Edson and G-reely S. Curtis of Boston ; surgeon, James 
Holland of AVestfield; assistant surgeon, Oscar C. De Wolf of Ches- 
ter; chaplain, William C. Patterson of Dedham; regimental quarter- 
master, Lucius W. Knight of Boston; battalion quartermasters, Edward 
A. Brackett of Winchester and Milton R. Bowen of Dorchester; 
quartermaster sergeant, Horace M. Butler of Springfield; sergeant 
major, Albert F. Ray of Haverhill; commissary sergeant, John L. 
Brigham of Chelsea; hospital steward, Henry B. Bates of Cliicopee; 
chief bugler, Timothy J. Powell of Blandford. 

Company A — Captain, Henry Lee Higginson ; first lieutenant, 
Edward R. Merrill; second lieutenant, Horace N. Weld, all of Boston. 

Company B — Captain, Samuel E. Chamberlain of Cambridge; first 
lieutenant, Moses F. Webster of Boston. 

Company C — Ca})t,nin, Oren R. Shaw of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Walter Miles of Charlestown. 

Company D — Captain, Atherton H. Stevens, Jr., of Camliridge; 
first lieutenant, Channing Clapp; second lieutenant, George F. Jen- 
nings, both of Boston. 

Company E — Captain, Caspar Crowninshield of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, Myron C. Pratt of Holyoke; second lieutenant, William H. 
Forbes of "^Milton. 



THE FIRST CA VA Lli V. 743 

Company F — Captain. T. Lawrence Motley of West Roxbury; first 
lieutenant, Benjamin \V. Crowninsiiield ; second lieutenant, Arnold 
A. Kand, both of Boston. 

Company (J — Captain, David B. Keith of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Charles E. Rice of Brighton; second lieutenant, Xathaniel Bowditch 
of Boston, 

Company H — Captain. Lucius M. Sargent, Jr., of AVest Roxbury; 
first lieutenant, Charles F. Adams, Jr., of Quincy; second lieutenant, 
Henry T. Davies of Boston. 

Company I — Captain, Lucius Richmond; first lieutenant. Freeman 
H. Shiverick, both of North Bridgewater; second lieuten*ant, Louis 
Cabot of Brookline. 

Com]iany K — Captain. James H. Case of Bridgewater: first lieuten- 
ant, Rufus D. Hills; second lieutenant, Lucius H. ^lovrill. l)otli of 
New Bedford. 

Company L — Ca])tain, "William (iibbs of "Waltham; first lieutenant, 
Greenleaf AV. Batchelder; second lieutenant, H. Pelhani Curtis, both 
of Boston. 

Company M —Captain, Marcus A. Moore of Waltham; first lieuten- 
ant. Randolph M. Clark of Dedham; second lieutenant, George Blag- 
.den of Boston. 

The retiiinent left camp by battalions on the 25th, 27th and 29th 
of December, the First Battalion under Major Curtis proceeding to 
Annapolis, Md., where it went into camp for something more than 
a month. The Second and Third Battalions were halted at New 
York and made part of the cx])editionary corps of General W. T. 
Sherman, sailing from New York for Hilton Head, off the South 
Carolina coast, January 13, 1862. This regiment was for a long 
time the only cavalry force in the Department of the South, and it 
is scarcely remarkable that the 12 companies were never reunited 
after leaving Massachusetts. The First Battalion was brought 
down from Annapolis during February and joined the main Ijody 
at Hilton Head; but before its arrival the Third Battalion, at first 
commanded by Captain Keith but afterward by Lieutenant Colonel 
Sargent, had been ordered to Beaufort. While three of the com- 
panies encamped in Camp Williams — named in honor of the colonel 
— Captain Keith with his company was transferred to Edisto Island, 
where Brigadier General Horatio G. Wright was in command. 

The regiment was called to no active service till the James Island 
demonstration against Charleston in May, when, two companies 
being left at Hilton Head and two at Beaufort, the remaining eight 
under command of Major Curtis — Colonel Williams commanding 
the Third Briuade in the movement — crossed to Edisto Island and 



744 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

accompanied the expedition, performing the dnties which naturally 
fell to cavalry, but not being seriously engaged. The companies 
left at Beaufort also joined an expedition against Pocotaligo, May 
30, but on its failure returned to Beaufort without having been in 
action. The latter companies had moved under command of Major 
Higginson, who had been promoted from captain on the resignation 
of Major Edson early in the year. James Island was evacuated 
late in June, when the regiment resumed its encampment at Hilton 
Head, and no further event of importance occurred till Colonel 
"Williams with two battalions was ordered on the 19th of August 
to Fortress Monroe and thence via Acquia Creek to Alexandria. 

Before following the fortune of the main body, it may be well to 
explain that the battalion left behind was never reunited to the 
regiment. It was under command of Major Stevens, promoted from 
captain to succeed Major White, who resigned July 17, and consisted 
of Companies I, K, L and M. Detachments from the command ac- 
companied the expeditions made to Jacksonville, Fla., and against 
Pocotaligo ; but except when thus absent three of the companies 
were posted at Beaufort and the other at Hilton Head. The former 
picketed some 12 miles of Broad river in addition to other duties, 
till April, 1863, without notable event, when one company was de- 
tached, a part of it being sent to Folly Island and the remainder 
going to Hilton Head. This disposition continued during the siege 
of Fort Sumter, but in January the detachment returned to Hilton 
Head and the battalion remained during the winter in the perform- 
ance of routine duty. It had prior to this, however, on the 4th of 
August, 1863, been formally detached from the First, serving as an 
independent battalion till the following spring, when with eight now 
companies it became the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry. 

Portions of the eight companies ordered north were sent forward 
so that they debarked at" Alexandria on the 2d of September, 1862, 
three days after the second battle of Bull Run, and when the Con- 
federate army was moving toward Maryland. There was some de- 
lay at Hilton Head in allowing the remaining detachments to come 
forward, so that it was over two months before they reached the 
Army of the Potomac. With such force as he had, however. Colonel 
Williams was ordered to active service north of Washington, and 
going to Tcnnallytown joined the Cavalry Brigade of General 
Pleasonton, operating with it during the advance to South Mountain 



THE FIR S T CA VALRY. 745 

and in that battle, though not engau'ed in severo conflict there or at 
Antictani, three days later. The most important affair in the cam- 
paign, so far as the regiment was concerned, was at Poolcsville, 
Md., September 5, when in a conflict with the enemy Captain Cham- 
berlain and two men were wounded, and the former with Second 
Lieutenant William Coupe of Pawtucket and 33 enlisted men fell 
into the hands of the Confederates. 

The regiment was transferred on the 1st of October to the Cavalry 
Brigade of General Averell, attached to the Fifth Corj)s, but the 
horses of several of the companies having become useless from 
ovcrwoi-k and want of food and care, the larger part of the regi- 
ment went into camp near Hagerstown to recruit. The active de- 
tachment under Lieutenant Colonel Sargent continued with the 
Fifth Corps during the advance into Virginia, and in the action at 
Snicker's Gap on the 3d of November had Captain Myron C. Pratt 
of Company G killed and three men wounded. In addition to the 
losses specified, the regiment had been depleted by the capture of 
seven men in skirmishes or on picket, and the battalion in South 
Carolina had had six or seven wounded and one or two captured. 
About the close of October Colonel Williams was at his own re- 
quest recalled to service in the regular army, and the vacancy was 
filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Horace Binuev Sar- 
gent, while Major Curtis filled the lieutenant colonelcy and Captain 
Chamberlain became junior major. 

The encampment at Hagerstown was continued till the 16th of 
November, during which time the last installment of the eight com- 
]»anies from the south arrived as well as 238 recruits for the regi- 
ment from Massachusetts. The comuuind then marched to Wash- 
ington to be mounted and equipped, and on the 22d set forth for the 
Army of the Potomac, and at Potomac Creek on the 25th joined 
the detachment under Colonel Sargent which had continued in the 
field. The regiment was now in condition for active campaigninir, 
and advanced with the army to Fredericksburg, but had no active 
part in the battle there, one company being on General Hooker's 
escort while the other seven were in reserve on the Falmouth side 
of the river. A few days after the battle the regiment returned to 
Potomac Creek, where its winter ([uarters were established, and no 
expedition i»f im|)()rtance was undertaken till the oth of February, 
when it marched \\\) the river to Rap[)ahann'jck Station, destroyed 



746 MASSACHUSETTS Z.V THE WAR. 

the railroad bridge across the river at that point and next day re- 
turned to camp. About the middle of March a cavalry demonstra- 
tion was made to the right of the Union army, and on the 17th an 
action occurred at Kelly's Ford in which the regiment had part, but 
its loss was in those officers who were on staff duty; Major Cham- 
berlain on the staff of General Averell being severely and First 
Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch on General Duffie's staff mortally 
wounded. The latter died three days after. 

During the Chancellorsville campaign the First formed part of 
the column under General Stoneman intended to operate in a raid 
to the Confederate rear, but which only partially carried out its 
part of the program. There was an engagement on the 1st of May 
at Rapidan Station, in which First Lieutenant Alton E. Phillips of 
Chicopee was mortally wounded. After reaching the Rapidan the 
column returned by way of Chancellorsville and Falmouth to the 
camp at Potomac Creek, which it reoccupied on the 7th, and re- 
mained there till the 25th. The First were then called upon for a 
movement by way of Morristown to Bealton, where they arrived the 
following day, and remained on duty in that vicinity till the 5th of 
June, during which time one officer was wounded on the picket line 
and one man was killed while on a scout. Each day was marked 
thereafter by some demonstration by the cavalry, then keenly watch- 
ing for any intended movements of the Confederate army, and cross- 
ing the river early in the morning of the 9th, the regiment took 
part in the cavalry fight which ensued, having three killed and nine 
wounded but ca])turing 23 prisoners. Returning that night the 
command reached Bealton again next day, and remained there till 
the 15th on outpost duty, when it took position as rear guard to the 
Army of the Potomac, then moving rapidly northward on the cam- 
paign which was to culminate at Gettysburg. 

The regiment had the honor of opening the battle at Aldie Court 
House on the 17th, leading General Kilpatrick's column, charging 
through the town early in the afternoon and beyond its limits en- 
countering the enemy in strong force. Much longer than it should 
have done the regiment bore the entire brunt of the battle, but it 
charged and drove the foe, capturing several prisoners and a battle 
flag and holding the ground till reinforcements arrived. Its loss, 
however, was heavy, being 24 killed, 41 wounded and 89 missing. 
It moved on the 19th to Middleburg and on the 21st to Upperville, 



THE FI R S T CAVALK Y. 747 

skirmishing" hy the way on each occasion. Next day the regiment 
I'eturned to Aldie, and four days hitcr began the movement which 
^vithout interruption continued during the following days by way of 
Lecsbui'g, Edwards Ferry, Frederick City, Newmarket, Ridgeville, 
Westminster, and Manchester to Hampstead, where it arrived late 
in the evening of the 30th. The following evening the regiment was 
detached to accompany the Sixth Corps in its famous mai-ch to 
(ilcttysl)urg, and after a night and a day in the saddle reaclu'd the 
battle-lield al)(Hit evening of the l^d of July. 

It was engaged next day in the cavalry operations at the I'ight, 
hut at night was detached for provost guard, and on the 4tli marched 
with 2,500 Confederate prisoners for Westminster. Thence, tem- 
porarily commanded by Captain Crowninshield, it marched by way 
of Frederick City and Boonsboro to Jones' Cross Roads, were from 
the 11th to the 13th it Avas engaged dismounted on the skirmish 
line. On the 14th, finding that the Confederates had I'ecrossed the 
river into Virginia, the regiment marched to Harper's Forry, cross- 
ing the river and advancing to Shepardstown on the 15th, it skir- 
mished during the following day with the enemy and at night fell 
back to the Ferry, marching thence by way of Ilillsboro to Snick- 
er's (Jap where it was on picket from the 23d to the 26th. 

From this time till late in the autumn its position was one of in- 
cessant watchfuhiess and the most exacting duty. When the Union 
army advanced the cavaliy felt the way; if the army fell back, tlie 
horsemen covered the movement or scoured the country on the 
flanks or in advance. If the infantry rested in camp, the cavalry 
must remain on the alert to detect any movements of a hostile 
force. The First reached Warrenton on the 27th, and after some 
maneuvers in that'vicinity crossed the Rappahannock on the 30th 
for a tour of picket duty at Amisville. There Colonel Sargent re- 
turned to the regiment, which on the 4th of August made a recon- 
naissance across Hazel river, marched on the 7th to Jefferson and 
the 15th to Warrenton ; thence on the 28th to Orleans and on the 
4th of September back again to Warrenton, all the time on i)icket 
and outpost duty. On the 10th a dash was made to Middlelmi-gand 
U])i)crville, from which the regiment returned the following day, 
and on the 12th advanced to Jefferson and next day to Culj)eper, 
nif^i'ting the enemy just beyond the town and having a skirmish in 
wii >'li llio l-'irst lost one wounded and two missing. Still pressing 



748 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

forward, on the 14th the division reached the Rapidan river at Rapi- 
dan Station to develop the Confederate strength on the other side, 
and the First were for some hours exposed to a heavy artillery fire, 
losing two killed, eight wounded and two missing. The cohimn 
then fell back to Culpepcr on the 18th, whence the First marched 
to Stevensburg on the 22d, back to Culpepcr next day, and on the 
24th retired to the Rappahannock at Rappahannock Station, follow- 
ing the railroad back on the 25tli to Catlett's Station, where they 
remained on picket for ten days. 

On the 5th of October the command moved forward again, crossed 
the Rappahannock and advanced to Brandy Station, whence it fell 
back to Sulphur Springs at the crossing of the river by the road from 
Warrenton to Culpepcr, where on the 12t}i it had a slight skirmish 
with one man wounded. On the same day Colonel Sargent left, under 
orders to report to General Banks at New Orleans for duty in the 
Department of the Gulf, the regiment being temporarily commanded 
by Captain L. M. Sargent, Jr. Next day the Union army began mov- 
ing northward, to prevent the Confederates from getting between 
it and the nation's capital, the First acting as rear guard. In this 
capacity they participated in considerable skirmishing on the 14th, 
losing six wounded, but continued to cover the rear till Fairfax was 
reached, and on the 16th went on duty at Wolf Run Shoals. After 
two days they returned to Fairfax Station, and on the 19th began 
a forward movement along the line of the railroad which on the 
21st brought them again to Warrenton, picket duty between Bealton 
and Warrenton filling the time until the opening of the Mine Run 
Campaign, 

The regiment moved with Gregg's Division, to which it was at- 
tached, on the 23d of November, crossed the Rappahannock next 
day and the Rapidan two days after at Ely's Ford, in advance of 
the Fifth Corps, on the Union left. The First Massachusetts Regi- 
ment led the cavalry division as it pressed forward on the 27th, and 
when near New Hope Church encountered the Confederate cavalry, 
fighting for some hours dismounted and pushing the enemy back 
upon their infantry lines at the intersection of the Robertson's Tav- 
ern road. During this action the regiment lost five killed and 13 
wounded. The enemy falling back during the night to their in- 
trenchments l)ehind j\Iinc Run, tlie infantry moved forward in order 
of battle, the cavalry guarding the ilank and rear. While thus 



THE FIRST CAVA LEY. 749 

engaged Orcgg's Division encountered Hamjjton's Confederate 
Cavalry Division under Stuart at Parkei-'s Store on the 29th and 
frustrated his attempt to gain the Union rear, the First Massachu- 
setts taking part in the engagement and losing 11 wounded and 11 
missing. When the camj)aign was abandoned the cavalry covered 
the withdrawal of the infantry, the regiment reaching Brandy Station 
on the 0th of December, moving live days later to Warrcnton, where 
it resumed outpost duty, remaining in what might be termed winter 
quarters till the 21st of April, 1864, with the exception of an expedi- 
tion at the beginning of January through Chester Gap to Front Royal 
which occupied four days but gave no results of importance. 

During the previous fall and winter a new battalion of four com- 
panies had been recruited in Massachusetts for the regiment, to 
take the place of the battalion which had been detached, the cora- 
jianies being mustered on the 5th and 29th of December and Oth and 
14th of January respectively, and joining the regiment on the 24th 
of March. The new battalion was under command of Major L. M. 
Sargent, Jr., promoted from captain, while numerous other changes 
had taken place among the othcers of the regiment. Lieutenant 
Colonel Curtis had resigned from the 4th of March on account of 
disability and was succeeded by Major Chamberlain, while the pro- 
motion of the latter created a vacancy which was nominally filled 
by the advancement of Captain T. L. ^[otley, though he was never 
mustered to the higher rank. Surgeon Holland had resigned during 
the p)revi()us sununer, being succeeded by Alljcrt AVood of Towksljury, 
while at a still earlier date Chaj)lain Patterson had resigned. The 
latter position remained vacant during much of the regiment's term 
of service, but was filled late in the summer of 1804 by the ap- 
]»ointment of George W. Gorham of liolyoke. In the reorganiza- 
tion of the Cavalry Corps connected with the Army of the Potomac 
under the efhcient command of General P. H. Sheridan for the 1864 
campaign, the First Massachusetts Regiment still remained a part 
of the First Brigade, Second Division. The brigade was composed 
in addition of the First New Jersey, First Pennsylvania and Sixth 
Ohio Regiments, and was commanded by (Jeneral Henry E. Davics, 
Jr., the division of two brigades being still under the command of 
Briu;adier General David McM. Grejro;. 

The division left its winter cam|) on the 21st of Aju-il, advanced to 
Three Mile Run and encam{)ed till the preparations for the general 



750 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

• 

movement were completed. The Rappahannock was crossed at 
Kelly's Ford on the 29th and the regiment bivouacked at Mountain 
Creek, a few miles beyond, till night of the 3d of May, when lead- 
ing the advance for the Second Corps, forming the left column of 
the Army of the Potomac, the division marched to the Rapidan, 
crossed it next morning and continuing past Chancellorsville en- 
camped for the night at Pine Ridge. Next morning the advance 
was continued till the enemy were met at Todd's Tavern and an 
engagement ensued in which the First took a prominent part and 
met a loss of three killed, 25 wounded and six missing. Being re- 
lieved the regiment fell back some two miles and after resting 
through the night picketed the Fredericksburg road the following 
day while the most sanguinary part of the battle of the Wilderness 
was being fought. On the 7th the regiment again advanced to 
Todd's Tavern and skirmished with the Confederates till relieved 
by the advancing infantry, when a concentration of the Cavalry 
Corps took place, and on the 9th General Sheridan began his 
famous movement past the Confederate right flank and toward Rich- 
mond. Davies's Brigade formed the rear guard, and had crossed 
the Ta river when it was overtaken by a hostile force under General 
James B. Gordon of W. H. F. Lee's Cavalry Division, but the enemy 
was held in check till the main column had advanced sufficiently, 
when the Union cavalry followed, the Confederate brigade still 
hovering near. The loss of the First Massachusetts in this engage- 
ment was four wounded and 20 captured. 

That night the brigade bivouacked near Beaver Dam Station, and 
next day continued the march, but at night was detached from the 
main column for the sake of making a dash upon Ashland Station 
on the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, which was executed 
very early on the morning of the 11th, a small force which was there 
being driven out after a sharp resistance, the public buildings, sup- 
plies and some miles of the railroad being destroyed. The loss of 
the regiment was six killed, including First Lieutenant E. P. Hop- 
kins of Williamstown, 10 wounded and 12 ca]itured. The brigade, 
rejoining its division, made a forced march to Yellow Tavern, where 
the Confederate cavalry under J. E. B. Stuart, its famous commander, 
was gathering to oppose the Union column? A battle ensued on the 
12th which lasted most of the day, resulting in the defeat of the 
southern army, the mortal wounding of General Stuart being an es- 



THE FIR ST CAVA L It Y. 751 

peciiilly heavy blow to the Confederates. Sheridan now pnisucd liis 
course across the ('liickahominy and to Carter's Landing' on the 
James, which he reached on tiie 14tli and after restini^ his command 
for three days started on the return trip the 17th, moving leisurely 
up to meet the Army of the Potomac, which was making its way 
southward after the long contest about Spottsylvania. For several 
days the column moved from point to point in the neighborhood of 
the Pamunkey, crossing the river two or three times, but having no 
encounter with the enemy till Pyrin's Church was reached on the 
28tli, where a sharp brush took place, the regiment losing First 
Lieutenant William W. Wardell of Somerville, killed while on duty 
as brigade i)r()vost marshal, and three men wounded. 

After leading the Army of the Potomac into position at Cold 
Harbor, the First Massachusetts having little share in the cavalry 
fighting which preceded the main battle. General Sheridan allowed 
his tired troopers two or three days for rest. 'J'he movement south 
of the James having been decided upon by General Grant, Sheridan 
with Gregg's and Torbert's Divisions Avas sent northward to (\v- 
stroy railroads and if practicable to connect with General Hunter's 
command at Charlottesville and return with it to the Army of the 
Potomac. The last part of the plan had to be abandoned, but the 
former was thoroughly executed. The column started on the Oth 
of June, crossing the Pamunkey, encountered the Confederate 
cavalry under Hampton at Trevillian Station on the 11th, fighting 
a sharp battle in which the First took but slight part, reached Mine 
Kun on the 14tli, turning thence toward Fredericksburg, marching 
past Spottsylvania, Guincss Station, Bowling Green, and finally 
reaching White House on the 20th. The column still continued its 
rajjid movements through the country, occasionally meeting a small 
force of the enemy, the severest conflict so far as the First were con- 
cerned being on the "24th at St. Mary's Church, where the regiment 
lost one killed, two Avounded and as many missing. The James 
river was crossed at Whitehall Landing next day and the column 
moved by Avay of the Jerusalem Plank road to Prince George Court 
House, where on the 27th the regiment went into camp. 

Here the command recuj)erated after its severe experiences, though 
frequently called on for picket duty, till the 14th of July, when the 
First left camp and moved to Lee's ^lills on the Jerusalem road, 
some miles south of Petersburg. While encamped there the regi- 



752 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

mcntwas engaged in scouting and ))icketing tlie vicinity, but on the 
26th left camp, crossed the Ap])oniattox and James rivers and ad- 
vanced to Malvern Hill, where at noon of the 28th the enemy was 
encountered and a fight followed in which the regiment lost three 
killed, 13 wounded and two missing. The old camp at Lee's Mills 
was reached on the return two days later, and the enemy was found 
in the vicinity; he was (piickly driven out, however, with a loss of 
but one mendjer of the First wounded, and the old ])osition was re- 
occupied. Another movement across the James began on the 14th 
of August, and that day Malvern Hill Avas reached and the foe again 
found in waiting and engaged. During the four days following the 
regiment was on jticket on the Newmarket and ('harles City roads, 
being attacked by a superior force on the 18th and forced back to 
the infantry supports. It recrossed tlie James next day, having 
lost during tlie expedition one man killed, four Avounded and five 
missing. It moved at once to Reams Station on the Weldon Rail- 
road, where an infantry force was engaged in the destruction of the 
track, meeting the enemy on the 21st and again on the 23d in shai-p 
engagements, with a total loss to the regiment of six wounded. 
Next day the First went on j)icket on tlie Dijiwiddie (lourt ILniso 
road, and the following day Ijcing attacked by the ent'uiy in force, 
wei'e obliged to fall back to their supports. 

'Fhe i)Osition which liad been gained on the Weldon Railroad being 
held, the regiment remained in camp and on outpost duty in that 
vicinity for some time. It returned to the Jerusalem Plank road 
on the IGth of September and made a reconnaissance toward Haw- 
kinsville and a dozen miles out met the Confederates, fighting them 
dismounted for some houi's in a swampy forest with a loss of two 
killed, ten wounded and nine missing. ]>eing relieved after dark 
the regiment fell back and next day returned to camp on the Jeru- 
salem Plank road. Sundry exi)editions in various directions, some- 
times attended with slight skirmishes, occurred during the next few 
days, but it was not till the 1st of October that a serious conflict was 
had. At that time the regiment was on picket on the Vaughan 
road, some two miles west of the Weldon Railroad, when it was 
attacked by a strong force of all arms. The entire Cavalry Brigade 
was brought into action, and ))artially sheltered by hastily erected 
intrcnchments repulsed several attacks, the loss of the First Massa- 
chusetts being two men killed, three wounded and one missing. 



THE FIliST CAVALRY. 753 

After rcmaininu' in i\\v. viciiiily till the Ttli, (lie reu-iinout with- 
drew some seven miles to the Westi)r()()k House, where it eneainped 
till the 2()th. The di\isiou then niarehed towaid Dinwiddle Court 
House, the First forming the rear guard, receiving an attack, though 
not a very determined one, on the following afternoon, and return- 
ing to camp on the 2Sth, the h^ss during the expedition being two 
wounded and four missing. The following day tlie regiment went 
into camp near the Norfolk Railroad at ]\IcCann\s Station, but on 
the 18th of November moved again to the Westbrook House and 
erected Avinter quarters, where without imjjortant event such of the 
command as remained attached to head-(|uarters passed some time 
in comparative inaction. The original term of enlistment of the 
regiment had exi)ired during the ]»rcvious month, and on the 25th 
of October such of the original nieml)ers as had not re-enlisted left 
for ^lassachusetts to be mustered out. The veterans and recruits, 
including the new battalion, were reorganized into a battalion of 
seven full companies with the nucleus of an eighth, the whole being 
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Chamberlain, Majors Pligginson 
and Sargent. Colonel Sargent, who had not returned to service with 
the regiment, had a month previous been discharged for disability. 

The battalion went as part of its division on the raid to Stony 
Creek Station December 1, though not actively engaged and suffer- 
ing no loss. On the 7th it set out on the movement southward on 
the Weldon Railroad, the pur[)ose of which was the destruction of 
the road at Jarrett's Station and in the vicinity. The head of the 
colunm penetrated as far as IJelHield, where the Confederates were 
found in an intrenched position and an attack was ordered, the First 
charging mounted under command of Major L. M. Sargent, Jr. A 
heavy lire of artillery was opened Ijy the Confederates, Major Sar- 
gent being instantly killed, and the position being shown to be so 
strong that the attack was discontinued. That night the battalion 
retired some ten miles, and next day, the 10th, continued the re- 
turn march, reaching the camp at Westbrook House late at night 
of the 11th. This was the last important movement made by the 
First Massachusetts in the field. It remained in winter quarters, 
sharing the duties of its brigade till the 17th of March, 1805, when 
it was detached and reported to Brigadier General Collis in com- 
mand at City Point for provost duty. 

It served there till the fmal assault upon Petersburg, when it was 



754 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

placed on picket duty in the rear of the Ninth Corps^ and was soon 
after placed under command of the provost marshal of the Army 
of the Potomac. In that onerous if not dangerous position it re- 
mained till the 27th of May, when it was again returned to General 
Davies, then in command of the Cavalry Corps in the defenses of 
Washington, and served on escort duty till the 26th of June. It 
was then mustered out of the national service and started for Mas- 
sachusetts, reaching the camp at Readville on the 29th. The men 
were furloughed to their homes till the final rolls could be com- 
pleted, the last being paid and discharged on the 24th of July. 
Previous to the return of the regiment several changes had occur- 
red among the field officers. Major Higginson resigned in August, 
1864, and Captains John Tewksbury of Boston and Amos L. Hop- 
kins of Williamstown were made majors. 



THE SECOND CAVALRY. 



THE Second Regiment of Cavalry was formed durinu' the win- 
ter of 18G2-3, its oruanization not being completed till well 
into the spring, though recruiting Ix'gan in Novembei", 18G2. 
Tiie first com|)nny to.be organized was one raised in California and 
offered to the city of Boston to apply on its quota. The offer being 
accepted, the command, which became Company A, was mustered 
at San Francisco December 10, and on the 3d of January reached 
Boston, going into camp with the gathering squadrons of the regi- 
ment at Camp Meigs, Rcadville. Companies B and D were mustered 
on the 18th and K on the 2Gth ; I followed on the 10th of Febnuiry, 
C the 17th of March and G April 9, though all required additional 
detachments to bring them up to the standard. The regiment was 
(•(inipU'ted by the kindly offer from California of an entire battalion, 
which was raised there by Major Thompson, comprising Companies 
E, F, L and M. These were com loosed of men from nearly all the 
states of the Union and were mustered by detachments at various 
times during the four months from February to May, the battalion 
reporting at the rendezvous April 16. Company H was the last to 
be filled and was mustered June 20. When completely organized 
the roster of the regiment was as follows : — 

Colonel, Charles Russell Lowell, Jr.; lieutenant colonel, Henry S. 
Russell, both of Boston; majors. Caspar Crowinsliield of Boston, De- 
witt C. Thompson of California and William H. Forbes of ^Milton; 
surgeon. Oscar DcAVolf of Chester; assistant surgeons, Harlow (Jam- 
well of Huntington and Elbridge ]\[. Johnson of Agawam; chaplain, 
Charles A. Humphreys of Dorchester ; quartermaster, Joseph M. 
Brown of Boston ; sergeant major, Charles G. Poland of Boston ; 
quartermaster sergeant, Rol^ert I. Files of Cambridge ; commissary 
sergeant, Talbot M. White of Boston; hospital stewaixl, Ai Gilnian of 
Boston; chief bugler, Peter E. AVhite of San Francisco. 

Company A — Captain, J. Sewell Read of San Francisco; first lieu- 
tenant, William M. Rumery of Boston ; second lieutenant, John W. 
Sim of San Francisco. 



75G MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company B — Captain, William H. Forbes of Milton (major May 
12); first lieutenant, Lewis 8. Dabney of Cambridge; second lieuten- 
ant, Warren J. Ball of Holden. 

Company C — Captain, Charles E. Eice of Brighton ; first lieuten- 
ant, John T. Eichards of Cambridge ; second lieutenant, Ilollis C. 
Pinkham of Boston. 

Company D — Captain, Francis Washburn of Lancaster ; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles Payson of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward T. 
Wellington of Worcester. 

Company E — Captain, Charles S. Eigenbrodt; first lieutenant. John 
C. Norcross; second lieutenant, Henry H. Crocker, all of California. 

Company F — Captain, David A. DeMerritt; first lieutenant, Eufus 
W. Smith; second lieutenant, Horace B. Welch, all of California. 

Company G — Captain, Archibald McKendry of San Francisco; first 
lieutenant, William W. Parker of Boston; second lieutenant, William 
L. Wells of JSTorthampton. 

Company H — Captain, George Blagden ; first lieutenant, Charles 

B. Fox; second lieutenant, Augustus L. Papanti, all of Boston. 
Company I — Captain, Louis Cabot of Brookline ; first lieutenant, 

John Phillips; second lieutenant, Edward B. Mason, both of Boston. 

Company K — Captain, George F. Holman of Cambridge; first lieu- 
tenant, Goodwin A. Stone of Newburyport (later adjutant) ; second 
lieutenant, Henry E. Alvord of Greenfield. 

Company L — Captain, Zabdiel B. Adams; first lieutenant, William 

C. Manning; second lieutenant, Josiah A. Baldwin, all of California. 
Company M — Captain, George A. Manning of California; first lieu- 
tenant, A. W. Stone of San Francisco; second lieutenant, Hiram E. 
W. Clark of New Salem. 

Major Crowninshield, with the first detachment of the regiment, 
consisting of Companies A, B, C, D and K, left the state on the 
12th of February, going by way of Providence, Hartford, New 
Haven, Ncav York, Elizabethport, Reading and Harrisburg to 
Baltimore ; thence after a delay of two days sailing to Old Point 
Comfort and reporting to General Dix commanding at Fortress 
Monroe on the 18th. The companies were directed to proceed to 
Yorktown, and on reporting to General E. D. Keyes at that place 
were assigned to a camp at Gloucester Point, across the river from 
Yorktown, where the roundabout journey temporarily ended on the 
20th. The post was commanded by Colonel Grimshaw of the 
Fourth Delaware Regiment, for whom the camp was named. As 
these five comi)anics were thus fairly in the field, their time being 
occupied with drill, outpost duty and scouting, the story of their 
detached service may be properly given before returning to the main 
body of the regiment, which was still in process of completion. 



THE SECOND CAVALRY. 757 

On the 19th of April Companies A and B under Cajjtain Read 
were ordered to Williamsburg, where an attack from the Confeder- 
ates was anticipated, but did not occur. After taking part in 
several important raids and reconnaissances, the detachment re- 
turned to Gloucester Point on the 14th of May, and the day follow- 
iug the three companies which had been located there, Caj)fain 
Washburn commanding, reported to General Gordon at West 
Point. They formed the only cavalry force under General Gor- 
don, and were constantly employed in the duties naturally fall- 
ing to that arm of the service till the 1st of June, when the post 
Avas abandoned and the command returned to Gloucester Point. 
The five companies took part in a raid on the 10th in which with 
some other troops they marched 140 miles during an absence from 
camp of but 60 hours, capturing several prisoners and considerable 
valuable property. This brilliant dash proved but the preparation 
for another and more important expedition, which set out early in 
the morning of the 24th, the command Avith other troops taking 
trans])orts and landing the following day at White House on the 
Panumkcy. The Confederates there retreated without disputing 
the landing of the Union forces and were pursued, the ]\rassachu- 
setts soldiers being the first ashore and leading in the pursuit. The 
Second, Avith the ElcA-enth Pennsylvania and part of the TAvelfth 
Illinois Cavalry, bivouacked that night within 13 miles of Richmond, 
and next day continuing northward reached the railroad bridge over 
the South Anna river, Avhicli Avas found to be guarded by an in- 
trenched detachment of the enemy. After some futile attempts to 
fire the bridge, portions of Companies A and C, commanded by Cap- 
tain Read, crossed the river by a log boom under fire, formed on the 
opposite bank and charged, capturing the bridge guard after a sharp 
engagement in Avhich Company A lost one man killed and one 
severely Avounded, the prisoners numbering 123. During the raid 
vast quantities of army supplies and stores Avere captured, and on 
the return General W. H. F. Lee of the Confederate army, Avho Avas 
at home Avounded, Avas made jtrisoncr. The expedition reached 
White House on the 28th, Avhere it joined the force which Avas 
gathered there under General Dix, rested till the 1st of July and 
then set forth Avith the larger command over practically the same 
route to the South Anna. This expedition Avas absent a Aveek, ac- 
complishing nothing of imi)ortance. White House Avas again aban- 



758 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

cloned on the 8th, the cavalry marching to Yorktown and reaching 
the old camp at Gloucester Point on the 10th. There were various 
movements during the month which ensued, but none of moment, 
and on the 27th the detachment was ordered to proceed to Washing- 
ton and join the main body of the regiment. Transports were at 
once taken, Captain Read being temporarily in command, and on 
the 6th of August the detachment reported to Colonel Lowell at 
Centerville, Ta. 

Meantime, the main portion of the regiment left the camp at 
Eeadville May 11, going by steamer from Stonington to Jersey City 
but making the rest of the journey by rail ; yet five days were con- 
sumed in making the trip from Massachusetts to Washington, and 
it was not till the 16th that the regiment went into camp on East 
Capitol Hill. The ranks were by no means filled, even then; Com- 
panies PI and I acted together as a single squadron, and Lieutenant 
Colonel Russell remained at Boston as recruiting officer. Within 
a month an addition of about a hundred joined the regiment, and 
other officers were sent back to assist in the gathering of recruits. 
Camp was changed to Brightwood, five miles north of the city, on 
the 30th of May, when the routine of outpost duty was taken up by 
the Second, and on the lltli of June it crossed the Potomac at 
White's Ford in search of the Confederate cavalry, which was feeling 
the way for the northward movement of the rebel army which was to 
end at Gettysburg. No engagement resulted, and the regiment re- 
turned to camp by way of Chain Bridge. Twelve days later its be- 
longings were removed to Poolesville, but it would be incorrect to say 
that head-quarters were established there, for till after the battle of 
Gettysburg the command was almost constantly in the saddle, watch- 
ing the fords of the Potomac, serving with the Army of the Potomac 
or pursuing the hostile cavalry under Stuart through Maryland. 

Returning to Poolesville, the regiment was at once ordered to 
Dawsonville, where it remained from the 3d to the 9th of July, con- 
stantly scouting the neighborhood, when it returned to Brightwood, 
stopped there for a night and was ordered to Alexandria, passing 
through Washington and going into bivouac at Canq) Wyndhani. 
The stop there could be called no more than a bivouac, for the fol- 
lowing day, the 11th, the regiment was ordered on a reconnaissance 
to the Blue Ridge, which was reached at Ashl)y's Gap on the 12th. 
The enemy was found there and a sharp skirmish ensued, resulting 



THE SECOXD CAVALRY. 759 

in the Confederates bcinu' driven through the Gap, but the Second 
had one man killed, seven wounded and a number taken prisoners, 
including Lieutenant Norcross. Having pushed the enemy across 
the Shenandoah river, Colonel Lowell returned by way of Bright- 
wood, where his command passed the night of the 14th, going next 
day to Alexandria, The regimental camp was removed on the lUth 
to Centerville, whence on the following day a tour of investigation 
was made to Warrcnton, Catlett's and Bristoe Station, which was 
accomplished in two days, the weather and the distance making it 
a severe tax on the command. 

The regiment had head-quarters at Centerville for some time, the 
(hity on which it was engaged being constant and frequently arduous. 
There were various expeditions and frequent skirmishes, the most 
severe of which occurred on the 24th of August when Mosby's 
troopers were encountered at Coyle Tavern near Fairfax Court 
House, and in the fight the Second had two killed, two wounded and 
-several captured. Mosby himself was among the wounded on his 
side and his command was vanquished, leaving several of its dead 
and wounded on the field. Previous to this, on the 6th of August, 
the regiment had been reunited by the arrival of the five companies 
from southern Virginia ; but it did not long remain a unit, for on the 
ir)tli of September Companies C, F, G and I, forming the Thiid I>at- 
talion under command of Major Thompson, left for detached service 
in Maryland, being stationed at Muddy Brook, where they vemained 
during the autumn and winter without notable experience. The two 
battalions remaining at Centerville were commanded respectively 
by ^lajor Forbes and Captain Read, the regiment by Major Crown- 
inshield, and the brigade of three regiments which formed the 
cavalry force of the Department of Washington by Colonel Lowell, 
who had already won high commendation as an officer of that arm 
of the service. These regiments, in addition to his own, were the 
Thirteenth and Sixteenth New York. 

During this time the duties of the Second were very trying. 
^losby with his daring band hunu- as near as jiossilile to the Federal 
sujtply trains, and his blows fell now here, now there; but wherever 
he struck or threatened. Colonel Lowell, depending especially upon 
his old regiment, met and generally foiled or punished the "j^artisan." 
On the bth of October the Second changed quarters to Fairfax 
Court Plouse, and three days later to Vienna, where they remained 



760 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

during the fall and winter, maintaining a long line of outposts and 
being frequently called out in pursuit of the guerrilla bands. Few 
of these expeditions resulted in severe engagements or much loss 
of life, but an exceptional instance occurred on the 22d of February, 
186-4, when a scouting party of 125 under Captain Read was sur- 
prised near Dranesville and severely defeated after a short and hope- 
less struggle. Ten of the party were killed, including Captain Read, 
seven wounded and 57 made prisoners, including Captain Manning, 
and Lieutenant Manning. Captain Read was the first officer of the 
regiment killed in action, though two of its sfecond lieutenants, 
William L. Wells and Edward B. Mason, had died of disease during 
1863, — on the 26th of July and 14th of September respectively. 

Some time previous to this disaster a tragic event transpired when 
a former member of the Second who had recently deserted to the 
enemy was captured while leading a party against liis former com- 
rades. He was at once tried by court-martial and shot in the presence 
of the brigade. From the middle of February till the 4th of April 
Colonel Lowell was absent on detached duty, the brigade being com- 
manded by Colonel Lazelle of the Sixteenth New York. Tlie four 
companies at Muddy Brook were relieved on the 8th of March by Com- 
panies B, D, E and M, but the latter soon after rejoined the regiment. 
Several of the line officers were about this time discharged from the 
Second to be commissioned in the Fourth and Fifth Massachusetts 
Cavalry, the latter a colored regiment, and at the same time Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Russell, who had not served in the field with the 
Second, was made colonel of the Fifth. The lieutenant colonelcy 
of the Second was filled by the promotion of Major Crowninshield, 
while Captain George Blagden became junior major. 

Daring April the regiment participated in three successful raids, 
on the last of which $25,000 worth of blockade-run goods were 
captured and the secret quarters of Mosby were discovered and 
some of his personal effects confiscated, including his commission 
as "major of Partisan Rangers." The loss of the Second in these 
expeditions was two men killed. During the early part of May the 
regiment assisted in keeping open the Orange and Alexandria Rail- 
road; the camp being moved on the 24th to Falls Church, some 
miles nearer Alexandria. Early in June a detachment of the regi- 
ment with some others accompanied an ambulance train to the Wil- 
derness battle-field, l>rought in about 50 wounded L^nion soldiers 



THE SECOND CA VA L E Y. 701 

^vho had been left there, and were voluntarily accompanied by ten 
of the Confederate attendants. While most of these adventures had 
])roduced gratifying results, the last days of. the command within 
the defenses of the national capital were to be marked by another 
disaster. Major Forbes, in command of a detachment of about 100, 
met i\Iosby's forces at jNIount Zion Church, near Aldie, on the 
6th of July and suffered severely; eight of the detachment were 
killed, nine wounded and 38 made prisoners, including Major 
Forbes and Chaplain Humphreys; Captain Stone was mortally 
wounded, dying on the 18th. 

General Early was now threatening Washington, and on the 10th 
Colonel Lowell received from General Augur, commanding the de- 
fenses, orders to send a regiment of cavalry at once to Tennally- 
town to operate against the enemy. With the natural chivalry of 
his nature, Colonel Lowell selected his own regiment for the service 
and asked to be reliev.ed from the command of the brigade that he 
might accompany it in person. This request was granted, and with 
a following of 800 reliable sabers he repaired to the scene of danger. 
The histoiy of the following few days is full of credit to the Second. 
They operated against the army of Early, and when that chieftain 
was obliged to fall back after the battle of Fort Stevens on the 12th, 
pressed his rear closely. At Rockville on the loth Lieutenant 
Colonel Crowninshield with a battalion of the regiment charged the 
Confederates with spirit, but was met by a counter-charge of superior 
numbers which forced the battalion back into Rockville upon its sup- 
ports, where a rally was made and the successive charges of the Con- 
federates were handsomely rejjulsed. In these operations the loss 
of the Second reached six killed and about 100 Avounded or captured. 
The regiment accompanied the forces under General Wright in 
pursuit of the invaders till they were driven across the Shenandoah 
river, when it returned to the camp at Falls Church on the 23d, 
after two weeks of exciting service. 

But the jjcriod of rest was brief, for after two days in camj) the 
Second was again called on to join General Wright, to whom Colonel 
Lowell reported on the 2()th at Rockville. It is impracticable to 
detail the various movements of the regiment during the month of 
August; they were such as might have been anticipated from an 
able l)ody of troojiers holding a responsible })Osition. On the 9th 
the first arrival of cavalry from the Army of the Potomac took 



762 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

place, and the Second Massachusetts, Avith the First Maryland and 
Twentj-hfth New York Regiments', became the Third Brigade, First 
Division. General Torbert commanded the cavalry corps. General 
Men itt the division and Colonel Lowell the brigade. During the 
month but few days passed in which the regiment was not engaged, 
more or less severely, with the enemy, the loss in the several affairs 
being eight killed, 30 wounded and 20 captm-ed. 

A reorganization of the cavalry was made on the 9th of Septem- 
bei", when the Second Regiment was transferred to the Reserve Bri- 
gade of the First Division, being brigaded with the First, Second, 
Fifth and Sixth United States. Colonel Lowell was again the bri- 
gade commander, and it was no slight mark of appreciation that 
he was placed in command of a brigade so largely composed of 
regulars. Previous to the battle of the Opequan numerous recon- 
naissances were made, all of which were attended with skirmishing, 
in which the regiment had three men killed and 12 wounded. In 
the fierce battle of the 19th of September the regiment shared in 
all the movements and charges of Merritt's Division, but lost only 
two killed, six wounded and two captured. It followed the Con- 
federates to Cedar Creek, then moved as part of a heavy cavalry 
column by way of Front Royal to the Luray valley. Some fighting 
occurred there in which the Second Avithout loss captured one battle 
flag and some prisoners, and rejoined the army at Harrisonburg on 
the 26th- During the remainder of the campaign there was little 
rest for the troopers ; on the flanks, in front or rear, as the nature 
of the movement might demand, covering a retreat or feeling the 
way for an advance, with various expeditions for the destruction of 
mills, railroad, depots or bridges, the trained riders were constantly 
engaged. The most severe engagement of this period so far as the 
Second were concerned occurred at Waynesboro, where after de- 
stroying an iron railroad bridge the Union cavalry encountered the 
Confederate infantry, the loss of the Second Massachusetts being- 
three killed, five wounded and two captured. 

Sheridan's army began falling back toward its base of supplies 
on the 6th of October, and the movement demanded even greater 
activity on the part of the cavalry. On the 8th, near Round Top 
Mountain, the Reserve Brigade, which had been sent back to recon- 
noitcr, encountered a more numerous force of the enemy, and after 
being reinforced by a part of General Devin's brigade Colonel Lowell 



THE SECOND CAVALRY. 76.} 

joined battle and fought till dark, the loss to his regiment being two 
killed and eiglit wounded. The following day occurred the brill- 
iant battle of Tonfs Brook, familiarly known as '"The Woodstock 
Races," in which the southern cavalry under Lomax and Rosser 
were defeated by the Union divisions under Mcrritt and Custer. 
Lowell's Brigade led the attack of the former, and after the rout 
of the foe his command, reinforced by a regiment from each of the 
other l)rigades, pursued Lomax for 20 miles. h\ this engagement 
tlie Second captured four pieces of artillery, wagons, forges and 
])risoners, its total loss being two men wounded. 

The battle of Cedar Creek, on the 19th, was a sad event for the 
regiment, for while it won high praise for its services, it Avas called 
to mourn the loss of its gallant and accomplished colonel, who had 
that day been commissioned a brigadier general of cavalry volun- 
teers. The Second with its division was posted at the right of the 
Union army during the early part of the battle, but later was trans- 
ferred to the left, taking a position in front of Middletown near the 
Winchester jjike. There Lowell's Brigade did valiant service in 
restraining the Confederates and in the final charge which swept 
Early's army Itack in a rout. Just as the last charge (the fourth 
by the regiment that day) was ordered, Colonel Lowell received his 
second and mortal wound, the command of the brigade devolving 
upon Lieutenant Colonel Crowninshield. The latter letl the brigade 
in the resistless charge from Middletown to Fisher's Hill, and the 
following day pursued the discomfited rebels to Mount Jackson, re- 
turning thence to the old camp in rear of Cedar Creek. 

The loss of the regiment in the battle had been ten killed on the 
field and -'2 wounded ; of the latter Captain Rufus W. Smith died 
on the evening of the battle and Colonel Lowell on the 21st. Pre- 
vious to this, since the openinu- of the campaign three brave officers 
of the regiment had met death on the field, — Captain Eigenbrodt 
having been killed on the 2r)tli of August, First Lieutenant Charles 
E. Meader of Vassalboro, Me., on the iGth, and Second Lieutenant 
Henry F. Woodman of San Francisco, mortally wounded on the 
2Sth, dying on the 0th of October. In addition to these losses and 
those by wounds and capture, a vacancy had been created by the 
resignation of Major Thompson from the 9th of August. This was 
(illod by the commissioning of Captain Mclvendry as major, while 
the death of Colonel Lowell caused the following jjromotions : Lieu- 



764 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

tenant Colonel Crowninshield to be colonel, Major Forbes to be 
lieutenant colonel and Captain Rumery to be major. 

During the remainder of the month the regiment remained in 
camp, but from the 3d to the 28th of November, with other regi- 
ments of its brigade it guarded the construction of the railroad 
from Harper's Ferry to Stevenson Station. It then rejoined the 
division which was scouting beyond Snicker's Gap, and on the 3d 
of December returned to camp near Winchester; but on the 19th 
it set out on the expedition under General Torbert to Gordonsville, 
which lasted ten days and was very trying. The close of tlie year 
found it encamped on the Front Royal road a few miles from Win- 
chester, Major McKendry being in command and the soldiers and 
their animals comfortably quartered. Colonel Crowninshield re- 
turned from leave of absence soon after, but much of the time he was 
in command of the brigade. On the 20th of January, 1865, the num- 
ber present with the regiment for duty was. increased by the coming 
of 175 recruits, mostly from Camp Remount in Pleasant Valley, Md. 

With no more stirring occurrence than an occasional review the 
Second remained in camp till the 27th of February, furnishing heavy 
details for the outpost and scouting duty incident to the service. 
On that date they bade adieu to the Valley and with the rest of Sheri- 
dan's cavalry, under the personal lead of that inspiriting officer, be- 
gan the march overland to join the Army of the Potomac before 
Petersburg for the final campaign of the war. This movement, 
which occupied 20 days, was in itself a campaign. Coursing hither 
and thither through the country, the sweeping columns burned, de- 
stroyed and captured whatever could be found in the w^ay of stores, 
supplies, mills, factories, railroads, bridges and the like. The 
Second Massachusetts had its full share in the daring and doing of 
those scenes. At the railroad crossing of the South Anna on the 
14th of March, the regiment under the lead of Colonel Crownin- 
shield charged the Confederate intrenchments, capturing them Avitli 
three pieces of artillery, which after being used to hasten the re- 
treat of the defenders were spiktd and thrown into the river. On the 
l8th White House Landing was reached, and next day the column 
crossed the Pamunkey river, going into camp for the rest and repair 
so much needed. During the three weeks in which they had been 
moving, men and horses had been exposed to most disagreeable 
weather, rain falling nearly every day and the roads being in horrible 



THE SECOND CAVALRY. 7G5 

condition. Many of the animals were com|)lctcly broiven down, so 
that the riders were obliged to report to City Point for remounting. 
The remainder, having been refreshed, reclothcd and provisioned, 
crossed the James river at Deep Bottom on the 25th and at Hancock 
Station joined the Army of the Potomac, in front of Petersburg. 

The regiment stopped there for a few days while the ])reparations 
were completed for the grand combination of movements by which 
it was intended to crush the southern forces. The movement began 
on the 20lh, when camp was In-oken and the regiment marched to 
Dinwiddie Court House, where the night was passed. It led the 
advance the next day and at White Oak road found the enemy. A 
charge followed in which the Second gained considerable advantage 
with but slight loss — one man wounded and four taken prisoners. 
Being reinforced the command held the ground till noon of the fol- 
lowing day when the enemy gathered in strong force and by persist- 
ent lighting forced the Union troops back to Dinwiddie. The Second 
contested the ground determinedly, fighting through the forest dis- 
mounted much of the time, and when the final assault by the Con- 
federates was made the regiment, partially sheltered by a breastwork 
of rails, met the attack with a fire from their carbines that broke 
the charge. That night the Second bivouacked with the rest of the 
Union troops at Dinwiddie, while the Confederates fell back to Five 
Forks in preparation for the battle of the following day. In the 
fighting on the 31st of March the loss of the regiment had been 
some 12 or 14 killed and wounded, among the slain being Second 
Lieutenant Lewis Munger of California. 

In the battle of Five Forks, on the 1st of April, the First Division 
of cavalry under command of General Devin advanced directlv 
against the enemy's works, dismounted, and met and answered the 
Confederate fire while the other movements were being made which 
broke the hostile line and decided the battle in favor of the Union 
arms. The Second Regiment was one of the first in the captured 
works, and took many prisoners, its loss being but one killed and 
seven wounded. The next day the Southside Railroad was struck 
and destroyed, and from that time till the surrender of General 
Lee on the Otli the cavalry of the Union army was constantly en- 
gaged in the skirmishing and severe fighting which alternated with 
incessant marching and maneuvering. On the 4th Lieutenant 
Colonel Forbes, who had long been a prisoner in the hands of the 



766 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

enemy, rejoined his command and resumed duty. The regiment 
was active in the lighting of the 6th, in which great damage was 
inflicted on the retreating enemy, the loss of the Second being but 
about a half-dozen wounded. On the morning of the 9th it was on 
the skirmish line, and some of the last shots fired by the Army of 
Northern Virginia were aimed at these slvirmishers. 

The regiment, which at this time had by the various experiences 
through which it had passed been reduced to some 200 officers and 
men present for duty, moved back by easy stages to Petersburg, in 
the vicinity of which on the 18th it went into camp for six days. 
During this time Lieutenant Colonel Forbes resigned, while Captain 
Manning, who had been a prisoner of war for 14 months, returned 
to the regiment, and with him came 150 remounted men. A move- 
ment toward North Carolina, to operate against the rebel General 
Johnston, began on the 24th ; but the intelligence was soon received 
that he, too, had surrendered, so the regiment returned to the north 
.side of the Appomattox, where it camped till the 10th of May. It 
then moved toward Washington, being reviewed in Richmond by 
General Halleck and reaching Alexandria on the 16th, encamped 
near Long Bridge till the 21st. It then crossed to the Washington 
side of the Potomac, stopping at Bladensburg till the grand review 
of the Union armies on the 23d in which it took part. Near the 
close of the month it recrossed to the Virginia side, where it was 
quartered during most of June. While there the prisoners of war 
on parole and otficers and men unht for active duty were mustered 
out, and the regiment lost its last commissioned officer to die in the 
service — Second Lieutenant Huntington F. Walcott of Boston — on 
the 9th of June from disease. Colonel Crowninshield, whose name 
had been so prominently identified with the fair fame of the regiment 
from its organization, resigned his commission on the 20th and re- 
turned to civil life, now that his country no longer needed his sword. 

The location of the Second was changed on the 26th to Fairfax 
Court House, but soon after the new camp had been established the 
welcome orders were received to prepare for muster out. The final 
rolls were made without delay and that interesting event took place 
on the 20th of July. Two days later the command left Washing- 
ton for Massachusetts, returning to the old camp at Readville 
whence they were paid and discharged on the 3d of August, after 
two and a half years of exceptionally active service. 



THE THIRD CAVALRY. 



THE Third Regiment of Cavalry was organized from troops 
already in the field, being composed of the Forty-first Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment (a sketch of which has already been 
given) and the three unattached companies, sometimes designated 
as the Independent Battalion, of Massachusetts Cavalry, which had 
accomjianied General Butler's expedition to the Department of the 
Gulf and remained on duty there during the interim. A resume of 
the previous history of these companies is in order. Two companies 
were first ])roposed, to be known as " Mounted Rifle Rangers," th(> en- 
listment office being oijcned at 55 State Street, l>oston, on the 17th 
of September, 1861. The recruits were rigorously selected, both for 
respectable standing in the community and jjcrsonal fitness for the 
service, none being accepted under five feet nine inches in hight or 
if weighing over 160 pounds. The encampment was at Camp Chase, 
Lowell, where the First Com))any was organized on the 15th of 
November, 1861, with the following officers: Captain, S. Tyler 
Read of Attleboro; first lieutenant, Jonathan E. Cowen of Fair- 
haven ; second lieutenant, Benjamin Pickman of Salem. 

The Second Comjjany was filled before the close of the year, its 
officers being: Captain, James McGce of Lowell; first lieutenant, 
Albert G. Bowles of Roxbury ; second lieutenant, Joseph W. Mor- 
ton of Quincy. The Third Comjiany was filled about the same 
time, and its officers were : Captain, Henry A. Durivage of Boston ; 
first lieutenant, Solon A. Perkins; second lieutenant, Reuben F. 
Yeaton, both of Lowell. The two latter companies were organized 
December 27, 1861, and on the 2d of January the three companies 
M'ent aboard the Constitution under orders for Ship Island, off the 
Mississippi coast, where the forces of General Butler v^'ere to ren- 
dezvous; but the weather being cold the transport remained in Bos- 
ton Harbor till the 13th. Sailing then to Hampton Roads, a stop 



768 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 

was made there till the early days of February, Ship Island being- 
reached on the 12th. There the three companies were by order of 
General Phelps, commanding the post, organized as a battalion, with 
Captain Read acting as major, and this organization continued till 
the division of the forces on the island into three brigades, when 
the battalion organization was dissolved and one company was at- 
tached to each brigade. ^ 

The First Company was among the first troops to land at New 
Orleans, and in that city or its vicinity much of its time was passed 
during the year that followed, the company forming part of the 
garrison. It was most of the time at Camp Williams, at Carroll- 
ton, but on several occasions made extended excursions into the 
surrounding country. The Second Company remained on Ship 
Island till the 21st of May, when it was ordered to New Orleans, 
and soon after joined the brigade at Baton Rouge, taking part in 
the battle there, and in various reconnaissances and skirmishes, in 
which during the summer a loss was sustained of two men killed and 
six wounded, two mortally. First Lieutenant Charles J. Batchelder 
of Lynn died of disease, September 9, 1862. After the evacuation 
of Baton Rouge the company returned to New Orleans, and was 
thenceforth much of the time attached to Weitzel's Brigade, for 
which it performed in an admirable manner the various duties re- 
quired of a cavalry force. The Third Company had the misfortune 
at the outset of its active career to lose its captain, who was acci- 
dentally drowned in the Mississippi river April 23, 1862; the 
vacancy was filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Jonathan E. 
Cowen of the First Company, but as he was at home on sick leave, 
the company remained for many months under command of Lieu- 
tenant Perkins, who discharged the duties in a manner to win high 
compliments from his superior officers. His company was most of 
the time posted at or near Plaquemine, and was frequently in action, 
though meeting no serious loss till the spring of 1863, shortly be- 
fore the consolidation, when it had three men killed and some 
wounded, most of the loss being at Bayou Jack in May, though 
Lieutenant Perkins was killed at Clinton June 2, the day on which 
First Lieutenant Pickering D. Allen of Salem of the First Company 
was killed at Brash car City. 

In the consolidation, the companies of the Forty-first Regiment 
retained their original letters ; the Second Company was designated 



THE THIRD CAVALBY. 700 

L and the Third ^I, ^vhile the First received no letter, as the rep:i- 
ment consisted of lo c(jniijanies, hut continued to be known as 
"Read's Company." Under the new organization the roster of offi- 
cers was revolutionized. Colonel Chickering continued in com- 
nunid, but those immediately associated with him were: Lieuten- 
ant colonel, Lorenzo D. Sargent; majors, John F. Vinal, James 
Magee, Jonathan E. Cowen. Lieutenant Colonel Wass had early 
in the year been transferred back to the Nineteenth Massachusetts 
Infantry. A multitude of changes naturally occurred among the 
ofliccrs of lower grade ; in fact few regiments with the same term 
of service had as many changes in the roster of officers from j)ro- 
motions, transfers, and the like. Very soon after the transformation 
to a cavalry regiment, Major Cowen was transferred to a command of 
colored troops, his place in the Third being filled by the promotion of 
Captain S. Tyler Read to be major. Chaplain Lane resigned in 
August, and his place was not filled till near the close of the war. 

The regiment remained at Port Hudson until the close of the 
year 1863, very actively engaged in such duties as naturally fell to a 
cavalry force, guarding trains, collecting forage, scouting and escort. 
Numerous collisions with the enemy occurred during this time, more 
or less serious, the more important being on the 3d of August, at Jack- 
son, La., when the regiment had four men killed, and on the 30th of 
November at Plains Store, when four or five were killed, as many 
wounded and five captured. Early in 1804 preparations for the Red 
River campaign began, and the Third, reporting to General A. L. 
Lee, chief of cavalry of the Department of the Gulf, were assigned 
to the Fourth Cavalry Brigade, the other regiments of which were 
the Second New Hampshire and Second Illinois Cavalry, with the 
Tliirty-lirst Massachusetts Mounted Infantry. The brigade was 
commanded by Colonel N. A. M. Dudley of the Thirtieth Massa- 
chusetts, and the Third by Lieutenant Colonel Sargent in the al)sencc 
of Colonel Chickering. 

The regiment reached Brashear City on the 18th of March, and 
continuing the movement by Avay of Franklin, Newtown and Ope- 
lousas, arrived on the 20th within six miles of Alexandria on the 
Red river where it joined the force under General A. J. Smith 
which had taken possession of that place and was to join the army 
under Banks. Next morning the regiment was sent forward to 
Henderson's Hill, where a force under General Mower had en- 



770 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

countered the enemy, and while three companies under Major Ma- 
gee led a flank movement to the Confederate rear and left, the 
others took post at the right to cut off the retreat of the foe. The 
attack resulted in the capture of the position, with four pieces of 
artillery and a complete regiment of infantry, the Third guarding 
the captures during the night and next morning taking them to the 
rear. After some further service the regiment returned to its bri- 
gade on the 23d and took part in the advance of the army during 
the following days. Cane river was crossed on the 30th, the enemy 
falling back to Natchitoches after some skirmishing. The Third 
were on picket that night, being attacked at daylight and repulsing 
the assailants, but with a loss of 13 wounded. 

The first week of April was full of severe duty — marching and 
skirmishing — of which the lion's share fell to the cavalry ; but the 
regiment met no serious loss till the 8th, when it took an important 
part in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads. The Confederates had 
made a stand in force at that point, and in the advance of the morn- 
ing the Third led on the left of the Mansfield road, fighting its way 
till the main body of the enemy was descried. The regiment then 
attempted to capture the Confederate skirmish line, and charged 
unsupported into a most critical position, the skill of its officers 
only saving it from a dangerous flanking movement. Falling back 
to the supporting line, it again advanced to its former position, de- 
ploying Companies D and M as skirmishers, and under orders to 
hold their ground the brave fellows fought the superior numbers of 
the enemy as the latter in turn advanced, the men falling back and 
again facing to the front five or six times during the long afternoon 
hours, and repeatedly emptying their carbines and revolvers into 
the dense masses of the foe. Toward the close of the afternoon 
the brigade was flanked and ordered to fall back, and at night the 
regiment retired to Pleasant Hill, its loss during the day having 
been 73 men, nine of whom were killed, and 157 horses. 

The Third were not engaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill on the 
9th, being detached on train guard and duty at the flanks ; but on 
the 12th escorted a flag of truce with three wagons loaded with 
supplies for the Federal wounded within the Confederate lines. The 
Union army had now fallen back to Grand Ecore, where it remained 
till the 21st, though the cavalry took the field two days previous 
to feel the way for the retreat of General Banks and his forces 



TIIK TlfTRJ) CAVALRY. 771 

down the river. For several days following, until and after the 
battle of Cane River, the Fourth Brigade — Colonel E. J. Davis of 
the First Texas Cavalry having succeeded Colonel Dudley in the 
command — skirmished and fought, driving the enemy before it and 
clearing the way for the general column, and after the battle taking- 
post on Henderson Hill, which was held till the Union army had 
passed. The loss of the Third Regiment in these continued en- 
gagements had been but two or three wounded. The Union army 
having ])asscd, the brigade took position in the rear, skirmishing 
continually with the closely following Confederates. On the 25th, 
General Banks having reached Alexandria, the cavalry established 
a picket line some seven miles from the city, and the following day 
fell back to a stronger position, two miles nearer the city, the entire 
line of outposts being composed of the Third Massachusetts under 
command of Lieutenant Colonel Sargent. Soon after daylight a de- 
termined attack was made by the Confederates which developed into a 
sharp fight, the Third holding their position until noon, repeatedly ex- 
hausting their ammunition. Some artillery Avas brought up on both 
sides, and the Confederates wxre finally repulsed, when the regiment 
was relieved and retired to Alexandria, its loss having been slight. 

The brigade crossed Red river on the 29th and marched some 20 
miles to the north, where it encountered Quantrell's notorious band 
and had a sharp engagement on the 1st of May, soon after starting 
on its return. The enemy were routed by a determined charge, the 
loss to the Third being four men killed and six wounded. The 
army resumed its movement down the river on the 9th, and again 
the Third formed the rear guard much of the time, with frequent 
skirmishing. One man was killed and two wounded on the 15th, 
and another conliict occurred on the 18tli at Bayou de Glaize, also 
known as Simmsport, Yellow Bayou, and Calhoun Station. The 
latter became a general engagement, during which the Third charged 
and scattered a column of hostile infantry, its loss in the battle 
being two killed and 12 wounded ; 39 horses also being lost. The 
army under General Banks then continued its way to Morganzia on 
the Mississippi, where it rested after its disastrous campaign. 

There was a respite of a few weeks for the weary soldiers of the 
Third, when they were called to a different scene of action. The 
regiment was dismounted on the 25th of .Tune and armed as infantry 
for temporary service, being ordered to Algiers on the 3d of July. 



772 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Camping there for a short time, the command sailed on the 15th 
for Fortress Monroe to report to General Grant, seven companies 
on the General Lyon under Lieutenant Colonel Sargent and the 
balance of the regiment on the E. L. Clark under Major Read. The 
former detachment was first to reach its destination, being ordered 
at once to Washington, and on reporting to General Halleck being 
directed to join that part of the Nineteenth Corps which under 
General Emory was operating against the Confederates under Gen- 
eral Early in Maryland. At night of the 28th the regiment re- 
ported at Chain Bridge, but the following afternoon returned to 
Washington and took cars for Monocacy, where it went into camp ; 
but it was not till the 15th of August that the companies under 
Major Read arrived. The Third had now become a part of the 
Second Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, regiments of the 
brigade being in addition the Thirteenth Connecticut, One Hundred 
and Thirty-first and One Hundred and Fifty-ninth New York, 
Eleventh Indiana and Twenty-second Iowa. Colonel E. L. Molineux 
commanded the brigade and General Cuvier Grover the division. 

Various changes had occurred or were about to occur in the field 
roster of the Third which may here be noted. Major Magee had 
resigned from the 6th of August, and was followed September 1 by 
Colonel Chickering. The vacancies thus created were in due time 
filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Sargent (who had long 
been in actual command of the regiment) to be colonel, Major Vinal 
to be lieutenant colonel, and Captains Bunker and Noyes to be majors. 

Meantime the regiment participated in the various movements of 
the Army of the Shenandoah up and down the Valley in the stra- 
tegic contest with General Early, but without notable engagement 
till the important battle of the Opequan on the 19th of September. 
In that action the Third with its brigade formed part of the first 
line and shared in the charge which at first pressed back the oppos- 
ing forces. The check to the Union arms due to the breaking of 
the connection between the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps carried the 
regiment back, but twice again during the day did it join in a de- 
termined charge, sharing in the final victorious result, though at a 
heavy cost; of some 600 taken into action, it lost 101 officers and 
men, 18 of whom were killed and the remainder wounded or miss- 
ing. Among the slain were Second Lieutenants Jasper A. Glidden 
of Lawrence and John H. Pool of Randolph. The command fol- 



TUB rriIRD CAVALRY. 773 

lowed the retreating- Confederates to Fisher's Hill, and had part in 
the action there on the 22d, losing two killed and as many wounded 
in the final charge which drove Early from his chosen position. 
Then followed an all-night pursuit of the retreating foe, continued 
during the following days till the Union army on the 26th reached 
Hai-risonbui-g and went into camp. On the 29th the regiment with 
its division advanced to Mount Crawford to destroy Confederate 
sup])li('s in that vicinity, returning to the main body next day, and 
on tlie (itli of October beginning the retrograde movement to Cedar 
Creek, where a halt was made on the lOtli. 

Intrenchmcnts were thrown up there, and the position was held 
till the battle of the 19th of October. Fortunately for the regi- 
ment, its brigade had been ordered to make a reconnaissance that 
morning, and after a very early breakfast it was standing in line, 
ready to set forth, when the unexpected attack from the rebels fell 
on the Eighth Corps, very soon involving the Nineteenth. With 
■the Iowa regiment of the brigade, the Third were soon ordered to 
support a battery at the left, and Avere thus separated from the corps 
till near the middle of the afternoon. Being repeatedly obliged to 
fall back, they did so, fighting heroically, now with the Eighth 
Ccrjis and anon with the Sixth, opposing the advance of the enemy 
wherever a stand could be nuide. The regiment rejoined its bri- 
gade at 2 o'clock, constructing a breastwork of rails, and when 
another attack was made by the enemy, it was not only repulsed 
but a counter charge was made, in which the Third took part, driv- 
ing the discomfited Southrons back through and past the camps 
from which the Unionists had been so unceremoniously routed 
in the morning. These were reoccupied that night by the Third 
in common with the other regiments, but the battalion line had 
been seriously shortened by the events of the day, the total loss 
of the regiment being 77, five of whom were killed, the rest being 
wounded or missing. Second Lieutenant Lyman James of Boston 
died of his wounds on the lith of December, 

The regiment remained in camji near the scene of the battle till 
the IHli of November, when it marched to the Opequan Creek, some 
two miles from "Winchester, where strong earthworks Avere built and 
log huts suitable for winter quarters constructed. But a large part 
of the force which had served in the Valley was withdrawn to other 
fields of usefulness, and the Third soon left their comfortable cab- 



774 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

ins. The regiment marched on tlie 26th of December to the railway 
station where it took a train for Harper's Ferr}^, escorting a quantity 
of artillery , and from the Ferry marched through deep snow and mud 
and intense cold, making a terribly trying journey, to Remount 
Camp in Pleasant Valley, Md., where it arrived on the 28th and 
again began the work of preparing winter quarters. When these 
were completed the regiment was comfortably settled and remained 
so till the middle of February, 1865, when the horses for remount- 
ing arrived, and within a few days a cavalry organization was re- 
sumed. Among other equipments a fine set of Massachusetts colors 
were received, marked with the battles of the regiment. 

The movements of the spring campaign, so far as the Third Mas- 
sachusetts Cavalry were concerned, began on the 24th of February, 
when they marched for Dufifield Station, Va., remained on duty 
there for a few days and then proceeded to Winchester, where they 
reported to General Chapman on the 1st of March and encamped at 
Camp Averell near the town, till the 20th of April, sending out many 
parties on scouting expeditions. On the 12th of March Colonel 
Sargent resigned on account of disability, the command being taken 
two weeks later by Colonel Burr Porter, formerly of the Fortieth 
Massachusetts Regiment. On the 20th of April the Third marched 
toward Washington, via Jeffersonville, Harper's Ferry and Frederick 
City, encamping at Falls Church on the 22d. 

While the regiment remained in camp there further changes in 
its composition occurred. About the close of the previous year the 
three original Independent Companies had finished their term of 
enlistment and been mustered out, and their place had been taken 
by two companies of one-year troops formed from the surplus en- 
listments for the battalion of Frontier Cavalry raised in Massachu- 
setts about that time. On the 20th of May the original members 
of the Forty-first Regiment were ordered mustered out and left for 
home. The regiment joined Sheridan's Cavalry Corps at Bladens- 
burg two days later, took part in the grand review at Washington 
on the 23d, and on the 29th marched by way of Alexandria to 
Cloud's Mills. There it remained till the 14th of June, when camp 
was broken under orders for St. Louis, Mo. Going by way of Par- 
kersl)urg and Cincinnati, the regiment reached its destination on 
the 20th, but the day following took steamer for Fort Leavenworth, 
Kan., where it encamped on the 25th. The horses were soon after 



THE THIRD CAVA LEY. 775 

turned over to the Fourth Michiizan cavalry, and on the 31st of July 
the Third were reduced to a battalion of six companies. Several 
officers were mustered out on account of this change, including 
Colonel Porter, Major Noyes and Surgeon Leavitt. Lieutenant 
Colonel Vinal was absent from the command at the time and did 
not again return to active duty with it, being honorably discharged 
on the 18th of August. Major Frederick G. Pope was in command 
of the battalion during its service as such, his companies being 
designated by the first six letters and commanded respectively by 
Cai)lains W.'m. Gifford, J. A. Comerford, D. P. Muzzey, Charles 
Stone, M. V. Barney and First Lieutenant J. H. Hilton. As soon 
as the reorganization was completed fresh horses were drawn, and 
on the 24th of July Major Pope received orders to report with his 
command to General Dodge at Fort Kearney, Neb. 

Provided with 25 days' rations and forage the battalion set out 
over miserable roads on the 27th, and the 16th of August arrived 
at the Fort, weary with the tedious jaunt. After resting till the 
24th the battalion was ordered to Julcsburg, Colorado, starting at 
noon, but on the 28th, at Cottonwood Springs, received orders to 
return to Fort Kearney, thence to go to Fort Leavenworth for mus- 
ter out. This was no unwelcome order, and the battalion, moving 
Avilli alacrity, reported at Fort Kearney on the 1st of September. 
There the best of the horses were turned in, and on the 8th the 
march was resumed for Fort Leavenworth, the dismounted men 
being transported in wagons. The mounted men reached that post 
on the 18th, the wagons- coming in five days later, and the gov- 
ernment property pertaining to the command was surrendered, the 
final papers were made, and the battalion was mustered out of 
the United States service on the 28th setting out the next day for 
Boston. The homeward journey was by way of Chicago and De- 
troit and the Great Western Railroad, by which the command passed 
through what was then known as Canada West — the only case, it 
is believed, where a body of American soldiers entered the British 
possessions in connection with the wa^. Boston was reached on 
the 5th of October, and three days later the men were i)aid off and 
discharged from Callop's Island, having been in service more than 
35 months from the time of muster in of the Forty-lirst Regiment. 
During that time the regiment had traveled 15,000 miles and taken 
part in more than 30 engagements. 



THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 



THE Fourth Regiment of Cavalry was organized as such in 
accordance with orders from the War Department, dated 
February 12, 1864, consolidating the Independent Battalion 
of Massachusetts Cavalry then in South Carolina under General 
Gilmore with the First Veteran Battalion then being formed in Mas- 
sachusetts. Lieutenant Colonel Arnold A. Rand, formerly captain 
in the First Cavalry Regiment, under whom the battalion was being 
recruited, was made colonel, and by the first of March the differ- 
ent companies or squadrons had been filled and mustered — the First 
Battalion being still stationed in South Carolina, and commanded by 
Major Stevens. The original roster of officers follows: — 

Colonel, Arnold A. Eand of Boston ; lieutenant colonel, Francis 
Washburn of Lancaster; majors, Atherton H. Stevens of Cambridge, 
David B. Keith of Boston and Louis Cabot of Brookline; surgeon, 
Frederick W. Mercer of Boston; assistant surgeons, Edward Russell 
of Quincy and Jolm H. McGregor of Needham; cliaplain, Albei't Z. 
Gray of New York City; quartermasters, John D. B. Goddard of Bos- 
ton, Preserved Bullock of New Bedford and Benjamin Thomas of 
Hingham; sergeant major, Leon H. Kendrick of Lincoln; quarter- 
master sergeant, AVarren A. Fuller of Worcester; commissary sergeant, 
Allen F. Belcher of Foxboro; hospital steward, Henry Viall of Paw- 
tucket; chief bugler, Henry T. Daggett of South Weymouth. 

Company A — Captain. Charles A. Keith of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Charles E. Thomas of Maiden; second lieutenant, William Chickering 
of Dedham. 

Company B — Captain, George R. Hurlbut; first lieutenant, Joseph 
C. Brotherson, both of New Bedford; second lieutenant, James E. 
MulHgan of Boston. 

Company C — Captain, Edwin B. Staples of Blackstone; first lieu- 
tenant, Henry G. Dorr of Brookline; second lieutenant, George F. 
Davis of San Francisco, Cal. 

Company D — Captain, Joseph W. Morton of Quincy; first lieuten- 
ant, John L. Perley of Newburyport; second lieutenant, Edwin R. 
Sterling of San Francisco, Cal. 



THE FO UIl TH CAVALR T. 777 

Company E — Captain, Frederick II. Rand of Boston; first lieuten- 
ant, Edgar W. Coodnow of llaveriiill; second lieutenant, John H. 
Carter of Watertown. 

Company F — Captain, Joseph I. Baker of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Pliilip Dolan of Concord; second lieutenant, Ammi li. Mitchell of 
Roxbury. 

Company G — Captain, Edward T. Bouve; first lieutenant, John A. 
Caldwell of Lowell; second lieutenant, II. Walworth Smith of North- 
ampton. 

Company II — Captain, Albert F. Ray of Haverhill; first lieutenant, 
James Miller of Salem; second lieutenant, William N. Percy of San 
Francisco, Cal. 

Company I — Captain., Lucius Richmond of North Bridgewater; first 
lieutenant, Charles V. Holt of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Henry 
M. Piiillips of Springfield. 

Company K— Ca[)tain. James H. Case of Bridgcwater; first lieuten- 
ant, Charles 0. Phillips of Deerfield; second lieutenant, Sheldon 
Leavitt, Jr., of Great Barrington. 

Company L — Captain, Moses F. Webster of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Orson 0. Baxter of Waltham (died as second lieutenant at Williams- 
burg, Va. , October 14-, 1864:, not having been mustered); second lieu- 
tenant, Joseph II. Lathrop of Dcdham. 

Company M — Ca])tain, Lucius H. Morrill of New Bedford; first 
lieutenant, Thomas Miles of Waltham; second lieutenant, William T. 
Soulc of New Bedford. 

The four companies of the Second Battalion, Major Keith, sailed 
on the 20th of jMarch by the transport steamer Western Metropolis 
for Hilton Head, S. C, reaching there on the Ist of April. On the 
23d the same steamer left Boston with the remainder of the rcgi. 
mcnt, — the Third Battalion under Major Cabot and 150 recruits for 
the old First Battalion. On reaching Hilton Head the Third Bat- 
talion was ordered to return to Fortress JNIonroe and report to Gen- 
eral Butler, which was done, the command encamping at Newport 
News on the 3d of May. Five days later the First Battalion arrived 
from the south and debarked at Bermuda Hundred under command 
of Captain Richmond. It was immediately put into service in the 
movements of the Array of the James from the 9th to the 16th of 
May, ending with the disastrous battle of Drewry's Bluff, the bat- 
talion losing but two men wounded during the week. From the 
9th to the 16th of June the battalion took part in the cavalry opera- 
tions against Petersburg, having one killed and two wounded. 

The Third Battalion moved from Newport News to City Point, 
Va., on the 23d of May, and the regimental head-quarters were 
established at the latter place, Companies E and H being detailed 



778 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

on the 16th of June for duty at head-quarters of the Eighteenth 
Corps. Five days later head-quarters were removed to Bermuda 
Hundred, and August 15 the six companies remaining under the 
immediate command of Colonel Rand were attached to head-quarters 
of the Tenth Army Corps at Hatchers. From that time to the 20th 
the regiment was engaged in the operations north of the James river, 
covering the recrossing to the south side on the latter date. On the 
23d Company G- was detached for duty at Yorktown, and on the 24th 
the remaining companies with the Tenth Corps occupied the position 
in front of Petersburg formerly held by the Eighteenth Corps. A 
week later Company M was detailed to Harrison's Landing. Four 
companies only remained at head-quarters, and these accompanied 
the movements to the north of the James from September 28 to 
October 5 and again on the 27th and 28th of October, "Early in 
November a detachment commanded by Captain Richmond made 
an incursion under the provost marshal of the Tenth Corps into 
Charles City and Henrico counties, arresting suspected persons and 
securing horses and cattle. 

Meanwhile the Second Battalion remained in the Department of 
the South under command of Major Keith, with head-quarters at 
Hilton Head. Two companies set out under command of Captain 
Keith on the 22d of May to ascend the Ashepoo river, but one of 
the transports grounded in the night within range of the enemy's 
batteries, when it was fired and abandoned, the expedition return- 
ing to camp with the loss of 74 horses. A smaller detachment took 
part in the expedition to John's Island on the 1st of July, and in 
the various skirmishes there from the 2d to the 9th lost one man 
killed and two wounded. Previous to this, on the 6th of June two 
companies under Captain Morton had sailed for Jacksonville, Fla., 
going into camp there until the early part of August, when they 
took part in the expedition to Palatka. In the skirmish on the 6th 
and the engagement at Gainsville on the 17th the command suffered 
a loss of six killed and 50 taken prisoners, including three officers. 
On the 17th of October Major Keith resigned on account of disabil- 
ity, and the vacancy was filled by the promotion of Captain Webster. 

To complete the record of the Second Battalion, it may be said 
that while well occupied with the manifold duties pertaining to 
cavalry, it was not heavily engaged in action after the battle of 
Oainesville. The two companies at Hilton Head encamped at De- 



THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 779 

veau Neck in the autumu, and remained there through the winter. 
In April, 18155, they took part in various slight engagements with 
the enemy during an expedition through the central part of South 
Carolina from the 8th to the 20th of the month. The detachment 
in Florida also crossed sabers with the foe on the 4th of February 
at Picolata Road, but no casualties of note were sustained. 

Colonel Rand resigned on the 3d of February, as Major Cabot 
had done on the 17th ot January, and to fill the vacancies thus 
created Lieutenant Colonel Washburn was promoted to colonel, 
Horatio Jenkins, Jr., of Chelsea was made lieutenant colonel, Henry 
B. Scott of Framingham and Captain Baker were commissioned 
majors. At the opening of the spring campaign two companies 
each were at the head-(iuarters of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty- 
fifth Corj^s, and three conn)anies, I, L and M, with Colonel "Wash- 
burn v.ere at the head-quarters of General Ord, commanding the 
Army of the James. Companies E and H with the Twenty-fifth 
Corps were the first troo})s to enter Richmond after its evacuation 
on the morning of April 3, and their guidons were hoisted over 
what had so lately been the capitol of the southern confederacy. 

But it remained for Colonel Washburn and his three companies 
to achieve the crowning glory of the regiment at High Bridge on 
the Gth. This force, numbering 13 officers and 07 men, was sent 
from the array head-quarters at Burkesville early on the morning 
of that day, supported by two small infantry regiments, to hold High 
Bridge, 18 miles distant, over which it was feared the Confederate 
army would cross the Appomattox. The expedition was commanded 
by Brevet Brigadier General Theodore Read of General Ord's staff. 
Leaving the infantry at the bridge, which was reached about noon, 
the cavalry pushed on some two miles further, till they met a superior 
force of Confederate cavalry with artillery. Falling back to the 
bridge. Colonel Washburn found the infantry there already attacked 
by the cavalry advance of Lee's army under Generals Rosser and 
Fitz Hugh Lee, and with a bravery worthy of all renown the gallant 
band delivered battle against the overwhelming odds. Twice did the 
cavalry cut its way through the surrounding hosts, but the infantry 
could not escape, and a third time did Colonel Washburn hurl his 
handful against the enveloping lines. During the struggle which 
ensued that noble officer was mortally wounded; General Read had 
been killed, and eight of the 12 officers of the Fourth engaged were 



780 MAS.SACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

killed or wounded. But the importauce of the delay which the heroic 
sacrifice had secured can scarcely be overestimated ; it had enabled 
General Sheridan and the Sixth Corps to fall on the Confederate rear 
guard and practically destroy it at Sailor's Creek, and General Ord to 
bring' his battalions within striking distance of the escaping army. 
The little band of the Fourth Cavalry had been almost annihilated. 
Captains William T. Hodges and John D. B. Goddard and First 
Lieutenant George F. Davis were killed outright, and their followers 
were with few exceptions killed, wounded or captured ; but the sur- 
vivors knew that their daring had much to do with the final sur- 
render of Lee's entire army less than three days later. Lieutenant 
Colonel Jenkins was promoted to the colonelcy vacated by the death 
of Colonel Washburn on the 22d, and the various detachments of 
the regiment were gathered at Richmond after the close of hostili- 
ties, where they remained on duty during the summer and autumn, 
being mustered out of the national service on the 14th of Novem- 
ber. Returning to Gallop's Island, Boston Harbor, the regiment 
encamj)ed there till the 2Gth, when it was paid off and discharged. 
In addition to the loss of officers above noted, Lieutenant Perley 
died November 15, 1864, 



THE FIFTH CAVALRY, 



THE Fifth Cavalry Regiment, composed of colored men, was 
organized during the autumn of 1863 and the following win- 
ter; hut the first company. A, was not ready for muster until 
the 9th of January, 18G4; three other companies were mustered on 
the 29th, E on the 10th of February, F on the 23d ; three companies 
were filled during March, and two in April, but it was not till the 
5th of May that Company M was ready for the mustering oflicer. 
On that day the First Battalion of four companies under Major 
Weld left camp en route to Washington ; the Second Battalion fol- 
lowed next day under command of Major Adams, and the Third 
Battalion, Majoi* Bowditch, on the 8th. The organization at this 
time numbered 930 officers and men, the commissions issued being 
as follows: — 

Colouel, Henry S. Russell of Boston; majors, Horace N. Weld of 
Belmont, Zal)diel B. Adams of California and Henry P. Bowditch of 
Boston; surgeon, George S. Osborne of Danvers; assistant surgeons, 
Samuel Ingalls of Melrose and Frederick H. Parker of East Corinth, 
Me.; adjutant, James S. K^cAvell; quarternuistcr, Wiusor Hatch, 2d; 
sergeant major, Alfred Froman, all of Boston; quartermaster sergeant, 
John Grayson of Worcester; commissary sergeant, William H. .lacobs 
of North Brooktield ; hospital steward, George Whitzel ; i)rincipal 
musician, William W. (Jardnur. both of Boston. 

Company A — Captain, Albert R. Howe of Boston; first lieutenant, 
Andrew Chapman ; second lieutenant, Henry S. Hinckley of North- 
ampton. 

Company B — Captain, Charles C. Parsons of Cambridge; first lieu- 
tenant, Charles E. Allan of Louisville, Ky.; second lieutenant, Charles 
P. AYlieeler of Concord. 

Company C — Ca})tain, Cyrus E. Emery of Roxbury; first lieuten- 
ant, John Anderson of San Francisco; second lieutenant, George B. 
Farnsworth of Roxbury. 

Company 1) — Captain, Horace B. Welch of San Francisco; first 
lieutenant, Jacob B. Cook; second lieutenant, Robert M. Higginson, 
both of Boston. 



7S2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Company E — Captain, Charles P. Bowditcli of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, Edward H. Adams; second lieutenant, G-eorge A. Fisher of 
Cambridge. 

Company F — Captain, Francis L. Higginson of Boston; first lieu- 
tenant, Abner F. Mallory; second lieutenant. Carter W. Whittemore 
of Boston. 

Company G — Captain, Hiram E. W. Clark of New Salem; first lieu- 
tenant, Edgar M. Blanch of Pennsylvania; second lieutenant, Eienzi 
Loud. 

Company H — First lieutenant, J. Davenport Fisher of Boston; 
second lieutenant, George A. Kogers of Eoxbury. 

Company I — Captain, Peter J. Eooney; first "lieutenant, Patrick T. 
Jackson; second lieutenant, John G. S. White, all of Boston. 

Company K — Captain, Erik Wullf of Boston ; first lieutenant, 
George D. Odell; second lieutenant, Abram 0. Swain of Boston. 

Company L — Captain, James L. AVheat of Roxbury; first lieutenant, 
Francis L. Gil man of New Bedford; second lieutenant, Curt Gurds- 
dorfp of San Francisco. 

Company M — Captain, Cornelius Kaler of Bradford; first lieuten- 
ant, George F. Wilson; second lieutenant, Robert M. Parker, both of 
San Francisco. 

The various battalions as they reached Washington reported at 
Camp Casey, near Fort Albany, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, 
some two miles from Long Bridge, Colonel Russell being placed in 
command of a provisional brigade of colored troops assembling 
there for instruction and discipline. The Third Battalion had been 
in camp only two days, however, when the regiment was ordered to 
report to General Butler at Fortress Monroe, reaching City Point 
on the 16th of May, where the regiment formed part of the Third 
Division, Eighteenth Corps. Being armed as infantry, the com- 
mand was industriously drilled in that branch of tactics, performing 
guard and picket duty meantime, and taking part in various expedi- 
tions. These were without serious engagement or loss till the 15th 
of June, when the division, under command of General E. W. 
Hincks, moved toward Petersburg and the battle of Baylor's Farm 
was fought. This was the only conflict in which the Fifth took an 
active part, and its loss was not severe, being three killed and 19 
wounded, — but among the latter w^ere Colonel Russell and Major 
Adams, leaving the regiment under command of Major Bowditch. 

During the latter portion of the 15th the command was in sup- 
port of a battery, and the following day was held in reserve. It 
then crossed the Appomattox to Point of Rocks and was temporarily 
assigned to the Tenth Corps, where the detachment which had been 



THE FIFTH CA VALRY. Tn3 

absent under Major Weld rejoined the main body, and on the 19th 
the re.irimcnt returned to the Third Division, Eiu-hteenth Corps, l)e- 
coming part of General Wild's Brijiade. Most of the remainder 
of the month was passed in picket duty on the north side of the 
Appomattox, where Ilincks's Division relieved troops of the Tenth 
Corps, but toward the close of the month the regiment was assigned 
to duty at Point Lookout, Md., as garrison for the cam]) of Con- 
federate prisoners of war at that place. Arriving there on the 1st 
of July, the regiment remained dui-ing the balance of the year, being 
at the lirst under command of Major Weld. Major iVdams returned 
to duty on the 16th of August; Lieutenant Colonel Charles F. 
Adams of Quincy, having been commissioned and mustered, ar- 
rived at the camp on the 8th of September and took the command, 
which he turned over to Colonel Russell on the 30th, when that 
oflker reported for duty, and the regiment for the fii'st time had its 
full comj)lement of Held officers present. 

■ Colonel Russell retained the command till the 14th of February, 
186"), when he resigned. Lieutenant Colonel Adams and Major 
Weld were promoted to colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively, 
and Captain Albert R. Howe was made junior major. With this 
ecjuijiment of officers the regiment took the field for the closing cam- 
paign of the war, and were on duty in front of Petersburg till the 
fall of that stronghold, and subsequently encamped in the vicinity 
till sometime in June, when ordered to Texas. Colonel Adams, 
being prostrated by sickness, was obliged to resign August 1, having 
been absent for some time, and the vacancy was filled by the pro- 
motion of Lieutenant Colonel Samuel E. Chamberlain, late in com- 
mand of the portion of the First Massachusetts Cavalry remaining 
in the field till that time. Colonel Chamberlain at once joined his 
new command, which had been heavily taxed in the construction 
of fortifications, and like work, and was suffering severely in health. 
He warmly interested himself in the welfare of his men, and an im- 
provement in their sanitary condition was soon apparent. The pros- 
pect of complications with the French troops in Mexico having dis- 
appeared, the regiment was finally mustered out of the United States 
service on the 31st of October, 1865, and set out for Massachusetts, 
making most of the journey by steamer; on reaching Boston it went 
into camp at Gallop's Island where it remained till late in Novem- 
ber, when the men were paid and discharged. 



THE FRONTIER CAVALRY. 



THE First Battalion of Frontier Cavalry was recruited during 
December, 1864, for one year, and consisted of five companies. 
It was organized to operate on the Canada frontier, across 
which it was feared predatory incursions might be made by the large 
number of Confederates and their sympathizers who had gathered 
in that country. The companies filled rapidly — in fact when the 
number required had been obtained some 300 recruits remained at 
the camp in Readville, which after some discussion with the Wash- 
ington authorities were organized into companies and attached to the 
Third Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment in the field. The five com- 
panies of the Battalion were mustered into service December 30, 
1864, and January 2, 1865, the officers in commission at that time 
being as follows : — 

Major, Burr Porter of New York City; captains, Charles E. Eice 
of Brighton, Charles W. C. Rhoades, Frederick H. Rand and Horatio 
N. Dallas of Boston; first lieutenants, William F. Rice of Brighton, 
Charles B. Leathe of Reading and Charles G. Cox of Boston; second 
lieutenants, William H. Jones of Roxbury, Frank W. Hayden of South 
Reading, Albert E. Matthews of Milford, Albert H. Tirrell of Bos- 
ton and Charles E. Bowers of Concord. 

The battalion left the state soon after being mustered, joining 
two battalions which had been raised in New York, the regiment 
thus formed Ijcing known as the Twenty-sixth New York Cavalry. 
It performed the duty for which it was organized till the close of 
the war and the establishing of peace put an end to all apprehension 
of invasion from the north, being mustered out June 30, 1865. 
Major Porter was on the 14th of March, 1865, transferred to the 
Third Massachusetts Cavalry, of which he was made colonel. 



THE FIRST BATTERY. 



THE First Battery, as it afterward became known, was at the 
opening of the war a militia organization, called the Boston 
Light Artillery, or Cook's Battery. As such it had the honor 
of being the only artillery command sent from Massachusetts for 
three months' service. The original call did not contemplate a bat- 
tery from the Commonwealth, but when tidings of the assault on 
the Sixth Regiment in Baltimore reached Boston, Governor Andrew 
promptly complied with the request of General Butler, then at Phila- 
delphia, that Major Cook's Battery be sent forward. It was mid- 
night of Ajoril 19, 18G1, when the telegraph brought the request; 
messengers were at once sent to communicate the tidings to the 
ofiicers, who in turn hastened to rouse the sleeping men. Before 
night of the 20th everything was reported in readiness; at 10 
o'clock that evening the six brass six-pounder guns, with ten tons 
of ammunition and 70 horses, had been shipped by way of Worces- 
ter; the command had a farewell feast at the Cornhill Hotel, 
marching to the depot sometime after midnight, where they waited 
till early morning of the 21st, when they departed on the train 
carrying the Fifth Regiment. The battery was officered, as follows, 
under the ^lassachusetts regulations : — 

Major, Asa M. Cook of Somerville; adjutant, Frederick A. Heath; 
quartermaster, Thomas J. Foss; surgeon, John P. Ordway, all of Bos- 
ton; assistant surgeon, F. Le Baron ^louroe of Medway: first lieuten- 
ant, Josiah Porter of North Cambridge; second lieutenant, William 
H. McCartney; third lieutenant, Caleb C. E. Mortimer; fourth lieu- 
tenant, Robert L. Sawin, all of Boston. 

New York was reached at evening of the following day and the 
eomniand boarded the steamer De Soto, on Avhich it sailed for Fort- 
ress Monroe, arriving there at noon of the 23d. The battery was 
at once ordered to Annapolis, where it debarked the following day, 



786 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

being quartered in the Naval School buildino- till the 4th of May. It 
then marched to Relay House, and went into camp, where it remained 
during most of its term. It was mustered into the United States 
service on the 18th by Lieutenant H. S. Putnam of the regular army, 
and on the 13th of June, with the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, 
was ordered to Baltimore for duty during the city election. That 
event having passed, it returned to Relay House, but was almost 
immediately ordered to Camp Clare in the outskirts of the city, and 
on the 30th into the city proper, part encamping on Monument 
Square and the remainder being quartered at the Custom House. 

The company returned to Camp Clare on the 10th of July and 
passed the remainder of its term without incident, being requested 
at its expiration on the 26th by General Dix to remain through the 
month, which it was unanimously voted to do. The command was 
mustered out of service on the 2d of August, reaching Boston the 
next day and being welcomed with a military parade and a speech 
from Mayor Wightman. 

THE three-years' TERM. 

The First Battery had scarcely returned from its three-months' 
term when its reorganization for three years was begun. Its new 
list of officers, corresponding to the requirements of the United 
States service, were commissioned on the 23d of August, 1861, and 
four days later the command rendezvoused at Camp Cameron, Cam- 
bridge. The first muster-in occurred the 28th, and early in Septem- 
ber the ranks were full, though it was not till the 3d of October that 
it received orders to proceed to Washington. It at once set forth 
with 150 men, 125 horses, two rifled and two smooth six-pounders 
and two 12-pound howitzers, with complete equipment. At Wash- 
ington, however, the six-pounders were exchanged for ten-pounder 
JParrott guns. The roster of officers was as follows: — 

Captain, Josiah Porter of Cambridge ; first lieutenants, William 
H. McCartney and Jacob Henry Sleeper; second lieutenants, Jacob 
Federhen and Robert L. Sawin; sergeant major, Joseph W. B. Wright; 
quartermaster sergeant, John B. McCartney, all of Boston. 

On reaching Washington the battery was assigned to Camp Dun- 
can on Capitol Hill, remaining there till after the general review of 
cavalry and artillery a few weeks later, in which the command won 
especial commendation. It then joined General Franklin's Division 



THE FIRST BATTERY. 7S7 

and crossed into Virtrinia. locatiniz- near Fairfax Seminary. There it 
remained until the opening- of the Peninsular campaitrn the follow- 
ing spring, when it advanced into Virginia under General McDowell 
— of whose First Corps the division formed a part. About the middle 
of April the division was ordered to the York river to co-operate 
with General McClellan, but a landing was not effected till after 
the evacuation of Yorktown by the Confederates, Avhcn the battery 
was put ashore at West Point and went into position for its first ac- 
tion, its fire being delivered with admirable precision and coolness. 

The battery remained a part of Franklin's Division and shared 
in its movements until the organization of the Sixth Corjis. when 
it was attached to the First Division of the new command, with 
whose history it was thenceforth identified. During the Peninsular 
canii)aign it took part inthe })!ittles of Mechanicsville, Gaines Mills, 
Charles City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill but fortunately without 
severe loss ; it had two men killed at the Cross Roads, and at Gaines 
.Mills two or three were wounded, and as many captured. After 
the battle of Malvern Hill, the comj)any went into camp at Harri- 
son's Landing, and remained there until the Army of the Potomac 
was called northward to the assistance of General Pope. As the 
movements of the battery were identical with those of the Sixth 
Corps, they need not be specified, further than to say that the com- 
mand was in action at Crampton's Pass and Burkittsville, but with- 
out loss. It was not actively engaged at the battle of Antietam, 
and afterward encamj)ed for some weeks near Downsville, Md. 
During this time Captain Porter resigned, Lieutenant McCartney 
was i)romoted to captain, and Lieutenant Sleeper was commissioned 
captain of the Tenth ^Massachusetts Light I>attery, the second lieu- 
tenants being promoted to first, and their places being filled by 
the commissioning of ^lilbrey Green of Roxbury and George 0. 
Manning of West Roxbury. 

The battery shared in the nuirch toward Fredericksburg during 
November, crossed the river below that city on the 12th of Decem- 
ber, went into position in front of the Bernard Mansion near the left 
of the Union lines, and was heavily engaged during the fighting of 
the 13th, its smooth bore guns being served Avitli such efficiency as 
to receive commendation on the field from General Franklin com- 
manding the left grand division of the army. During this engage- 
ment the company was attached to the Second Division under Gen- 



788 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

eral Howe, but returned to its own division in time to assist in cover- 
ing the recrossing of the river on the night of the 15th. Its loss 
in horses was serious and its equipment was considerably damaged 
by the fire to which it was exposed, but the loss in men was not 
heavy, two being wounded, — one losing a leg, the other an arm. 

Following the battle, the battery went into camp near White Oak 
Church, where it remained until the opening of the Chancellorsville 
campaign, with the exception of a few days' absence on the " Mud 
March" of January, 1863. On the 3d of May, it again crossed the 
Rappahannock below Fredericksburg, and took position near the 
spot occupied at the previous battle. The fighting at this point was 
almost entirely done by artillery, although at one time during the 
forenoon an attempt was made by a Confederate brigade to capture 
McCartney's guns; advancing under cover of the embankments of 
the highway, the enemy made a sudden charge upon the pieces. 
The attack was sudden and energetic, but was met with equal 
energy ; 72 rounds of canister were fired almost point-blank, and 
the assaulting lines were broken and driven back in disorder with- 
out the assistance of the infantry supports. During the afternoon 
the division moved out to Salem Church, the battery taking position 
near the plank road, where it rendered efficient service during the 
4th, recrossing the river at night and returning to the old camp ; it 
had one man killed in the action of the 3d, and a few wounded. 

On the 5th of June, the command once more crossed the Rap- 
pahannock at Franklin's Bridges, resting on the south side of the 
river for some eight days without serious engagement, and then 
joining in the movement to Gettysburg, at which time the artillery 
of the corps had been organized as a brigade, under command of 
Colonel C. H. Thompson, so remaining during the subsequent opera- 
tions. At Gettysburg the Sixth Corps artillery was in reserve until 
the great attack on the Union center, on the third day, when Mc- 
Cartney's Battery was ordered into action ; but by some error it 
first went to the left, and only returned to the point where it was 
needed in time to fire a few shots at the retreating Confederates. 
The battery shared in the subsequent movements of the Army of 
the Potomac during the summer and autumn, but its voice was not 
again heard on the field of battle until the 30th of November dur- 
ing the Mine Run campaign, when it was engaged for a few minutes 
near Saunders House, after which it returned to the vicinity of 



THE FIR S T B A TIER Y. 789 

Brandy Station, and went into winter quarters. During the year 
its only change in officers came from the resignation of Lieutenant 
^Manning on the IGth of July, and the promotion of First Sergeant 
Cliarles W. French of Boston. 

Nothing of moment in tlie history of the First occurred during 
the winter; 33 of its members re-enlisted for an additional term 
of three years, receiving the usual furlough of 30 days, and on the 
27th of February, 1864, the company, with its corps, joined in a 
mo\emcnt to Madison Court House in support of a cavalry demon- 
stration under General Custer. As in the case of most other Union 
batteries, it was not engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, but at 
Spottsylvania Court House it took an important part. It was within 
its battery line that General Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Corps, 
was killed by a sharp-shooter on the 9th of May, and several mem- 
bers of the company were wounded, including Lieutenant Federhcn. 
At the close of the struggle at Sj)ottsylvania the command moved 
southward with its corps, but was not again in action until it reached 
Cold Harbor on the 1st of June. Its location there was on the Mc- 
chanicsville road where it remained during the 12 days of fighting, 
losing one man killed and five wounded. It then moved to Peters- 
burg where on the 17th it took position in earthworks which had 
been captured from the enemy, serving there and in that vicinity 
until the 9th of July. The Sixth Corps was then called to Wash- 
ington to meet the threatened attack on the national capital, by 
Confederate General Early, and the battery accompanied the corps 
in its various marchings and countermarchings until the 19th of 
September when it took part in the battle of the Opequan, losing 
four wounded. During the next three days it was active, and was 
fre(iuently engaged, especially at the battle of Fisher's Hill on the 
23d, where it lost two men wounded and seven horses killed, mak- 
ing a total of 55 animals killed during the campaign. 

The battery shared in the subsequent movements of the corps until 
the 2d of October, near Staunton, wiien it wheeled out of line and 
turned toward Massachusetts for muster out, its term of service 
having expired. Its recruits and re-enlisted men were temporarily 
transferred to Battery M, Fifth United States Artillery, one of them 
being killed at Cedar Creek, on the 19th of October. These re- 
cruits were subsequently transferred from Battery JM to the Ninth 
Massachusetts Battery, where they completed their term of service. 



THE SECOND BATTERY. 



THE Second Battery was organized by Major Cobb, an artillery 
officer of the militia, and was the first light battery recruited 
in the state for three years' service, its enlistment having 
begun on the 20th of April, 1861, and the quota being filled early in 
the following month. The command, then known as " Cobb's Light 
Artillery," made its first public parade June 17, and on the 5th of 
July went into Camp Adams at Quincy. It was mustered into the 
United States service on the 31st, from which date the officers were 
commissioned. Major Cobb being unable to accompany the organiza- 
tion to the field, Captain Nims, also an experienced artillery officer, 
was appointed to the command, the roster of officers being: — 

Captain, Ormand F. Nims of Boston; first lieutenants, John W. 
Wolcott of Eoxbury and John Bigelow of Brighton; second lieuten- 
ants, George G. Trull of Boston and Eicluird B. Hall of Charlestown; 
quartermaster sergeant, Alden N. Norcross of Boston. 

The Second left Quincy on the evening of the 8th of August, 
reached New York 48 hours later, and while en route to Washing- 
ton received instructions to go into camp at Baltimore. They did 
so on the 12th, taking the camp on Mount Clare occupied by Cook's 
Battery during its three-months' service, which was re-christened 
Camp Andrew, in honor of the governor of Massachusetts. Here 
they remained until the 4th of November without incident, save that 
on the 8th of October the loyal citizens of Baltimore presented 
them with a flag, which was duly thrown to the breeze from a staff 
90 feet in hight prepared by the command. 

The battery embarked from the Light-street wharf, with the 
Fourth Wisconsin Regiment and a company of cavalry November 
4, dropping down the bay to Duckbill Landing, Somerset County, 
Md. There the little expedition landed and began a march through 



! 



THE SECOND BATTERY. 791 

Somerset and Worcester Counties, where there was much secession 
feeliuu" and organization of forces for the rebel army was in prog- 
ress. After a few days spent in marching through these counties, 
the cohuun joined the hirger body under General Locivwood at 
Newtown, Md. General Dix, in connnand of the department with 
head-quarters at Baltimore, had on the 13th of the month issued a 
l)roclamation to the inhabitants of the two Eastern Shore counties 
of Virginia — Accomac and Northampton — exhorting them to peace 
and loyalty, and on the 25th General Lockwood began his march 
from Newtown, moving his column by way of Drummondtown and 
Belletown to Eastville, near the end of the peninsula, where he re- 
mained till December 2. Finding that the Confederate forces had 
left the two counties. General Lockwood returned to Baltimore and 
Nims's Battery reoecupied Camp Andrew after an absence of 41 
days, the purposes of the expedition having been fully and blood- 
lessly accomplished. ( )n the 18th of December both first lieutenants 
of the battery resigned to accept commissions in a Maryland battery ; 
the second lieutenants were advanced to their places, and the vacan- 
cies were filled by the commissioning of William Marland of Andover 
and Sergeant Warren K. Snow of Boston as second lieutenants. 

On the organization of General Butler's expedition against New 
Orleans, Nims's Battery was made a portion of his command; it 
was ordered on the 25th of February, 1862, to Fortress Monroe, 
reached there next day, and went into camp at Old Point Comfort, 
where it remained until the 19th of April. Passage was then taken 
on a transport ship for New Orleans, the voyage occupying 32 days, 
and on arriving there the command encam])ed at the Pelican Cotton 
Press. The batter)- was assigned to General Williams's Brigade, 
located at Baton Rouge, for which place it sailed on the 31st of May, 
landing on the -d of June and encamping there until the lOtli. It 
then pre[)ared to join the expedition against Vicksburg, sailing next 
morning, and landing the 22d at Ellis's Cliffs assisted to drive away 
a hostile force threatening the trans|)orts passing up the river. It 
landed opposite Vicksburg on the 25th, and three days later took 
part without loss in the bombardniv^nt of that stronghold. 

The battery returned to Baton Rouge on the 26th of July, and 
on the 4th of August Lieutenant Trull, who was in command, owing 
to the illness of Captain Nims, was ordered to prepare for action, 
as a battle was imminent. Of the 140 members of the command 



7^2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

it was found that only 21 were " present for duty," all the remainder 
being sick in hospitals. A detdil of 30 men was secured from the 
Ninth Connecticut Regiment and hastily drilled, so that next morn- 
ing, when the battle of Baton Rouge opened, the six guns were 
manned. The position of the battery was at the extreme Union 
right, and throughout the battle it won the highest commendation 
for efficient service. Four times during the engagement did it 
change position to meet the exigencies of the fight, on each occasion 
with the steadiness of veterans. At one time one of its guns was 
in the hands of the enemy, all of its horses having been disabled, 
but a detachment of the infantry supports brought the piece off by 
hand. The company lost four men wounded and one captured. 

The battery left Baton Rouge on the 21st of August, going by 
transport to Carrollton, whence it marched to New Orleans on the 
24th, encamping first on the Race Course but changing a week later 
to Tivoli Circle where it remained until the 27tli of December. 
While there Lieutenant Trull was promoted to captain of the Fourth 
Massachusetts Battery%, Second Lieutenant Marland was advanced 
to first, and First Sergeant Edward K. Russell of Chelsea was com- 
missioned to fill the vacant second lieutenancy. General Banks 
having succeeded General Butler in command of the Department 
of the Gulf, the troops in Louisiana were organized as the Nine- 
teenth Army Corps of four divisions, Nims's Battery being assigned 
to the Fourth Divison, commanded by General Grover. It embarked 
for Baton Rouge on the ITth of December, and was quartered in 
the barracks at that place through the winter, and there being 
no cavalry attached to the post, its members frequently acted as 
videttes and scouts, and in that service one or two were wounded. 

On the 13th of March, 1863, its division joined the expedition 
toward the rear of Port Hudson, and one section was sent within 
shelling distance of the Confederate works, throwing forty or fifty 
shells into them. The battery then returned leisurely, reaching 
camp on the 20th. A week of maction followed, and on the 27th 
the command was transported toDonaldsonville, whence it marched 
overland to Brashear City, the trij) beginning on the 31st and end- 
ing on the 9th of A])ril. It embarked on the 11th and was trans- 
ported to Porter's Plantation, where it landed on the loth, crossed 
Bayou Teche in connection with the operations against Fort Bis- 
land, rejoining the main body soon after, and sharing in the subse- 



THE SECOND liATrERY. 793 

(incut operations of General Banks's column. During this entire 
movement, which lasted until the 12th of May, when Alexandria 
on the Red river was reached, the battery was continually active, 
being often called to accom])any detached parties. The column 
left Alexandria on the 17th, by way of Simms|)ort and Bayou Sara, 
the battery taking position before Port Hudson on the 25th and 
ojiening fire. One section under Lieutenant Snow which had been 
detached a month previous joined the main body a few days later. 
Duriug the entire siege the battery was represented at the front in 
various ijositions, ever rendering good service and without serious 
loss in men. On the 4th of July it lired the National salute with 
shotted guns trained on the enemy's works; six days later, the 
stronghold having surrendered, the Second marched inside the 
fortifications, and on the 11th set out for Baton Rouge. 

There transport was taken for Donaldsonville, in which vicinity 
the Confederates were making serious demon.strations, and where 
i\\Q. company remained for two weeks. It then marched to Carroll- 
ton, stopped there for a week, and thence continued the march to 
New Orleans, where it was quartered at the Mississippi Cotton Press 
from the Gth of August to the 17th of September. First Lieuten- 
ant Hall having resigned on the 29th of July, his juniors were pro- 
moted in turn, and First Sergeant Joseph K. Grecnleaf of Boston was 
commissioned junior second lieutenant. Early in October Second 
Lieutenant Russell was ])r()motcd and transferred to the Sixth Bat- 
tery, creating a vacancy which was (illed some months later by the 
commissioning of First Sergeant Lucian A. Hodgdon of Somerville. 

Another movement toward the interior of Louisiana began on the 
17th of September, when the battery crossed the Mississippi to 
Algiers, and was taken to Brashear City, crossing the bay in a day 
or two and encamping near Berwick. This was followed a week 
later by an advance to Bisland, and early in October, via Franklin 
to New Iberia. Vermilion river was reached on the 9th, where the 
battery took part in a brisk engagement, followed on the 15th at 
Carrion Crow Bayou by a more serious one, in which the Second 
fired 180 rounds. Two or three days later the vicinity of Opelousas 
was reached and a halt was made, the comjiany being assigned to 
the cavalry division commanded by General Lee. On the 1st of 
November, the command returned to Carrion Crow Bayou, where 
one section halted while the others proceeded to Vermilion river. 



794 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAH. 

Two days later the section at the Bayou, commanded by Lieutenant 
Maiiand, was attacked in camp by a strong force of the enemy, who 
•were within short range before the guns could be brought into action. 
A desperate fight ensued, in which the Confederates were at first 
repulsed and the guns advanced to a more favorable position, but 
the infantry support giving way, they were obliged to fall back and 
eventually, the pieces being almost surrounded, the cannoneers 
fought their way through the enemy with their revolvers and brought 
off the guns in triumph, victory finally resting on the Union arms. 
The two sections were brought up from Vermilion river next day, 
and on the 5th the entire battery returned to that point and went 
into camp, remaining with the exception of a scouting expedition 
until the 16th, when it marched to New Iberia and encamped. 

The camp was changed to Franklin, half way to Brashear City, 
during the early part of January, 1864, the march being made over 
roads so bad that it required more than three days to travel a dis- 
tance of 23 miles. Three months were spent there, and on the 
13th of March camp was broken for the Red river campaign. 
The battery accompanied the cavalry advance, which required long 
and trying marches, frequently 30 to 40 miles per day, one section 
reaching Alexandria on the 21st, and the others on the 22d, when 
a few days' rest was had. The march into the enemy's country be- 
gan on the 28th, skirmishing commenced a day or two later, and 
from that time there was only active duty for the command ; now 
here, now there, in the front or on the flank, it was gallo})ing in 
pursuit of the retiring foe, and again fighting stubbornly when a 
stand was made, day after day and night after night. 

Pleasant Hill was reached about noon of the 7th of April when 
the battery was immediately ordered to the front, where fighting 
was going on. It was not called into action that day, however, but 
on the 8th, in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, it had its most ter- 
rible experience. Reporting to the advance early in the morning, 
it began skirmishing, which continued during the forenoon, the six 
pieces being finally placed in position across the road, but a short 
distance from the Union skirmish line. The location proved an un- 
fortunate one. About the middle of the afternoon the Confederates 
advanced in heavy force, and charged the battery. They were 
driven back by a terrible fire of canister at short range, but only to 
renew the attack. Three times were tlieir lines broken by the ad- 



THE SECOND BATTERY. , 795 

mirable fire of the guns, but their purpose was not relinquished. 
A fourth attack followed, not only in front, but from the Hank, 
whence such a destructive fire was poured upon the battery that its 
position became untenable. The order was given to limber to the 
rear, and the horses were attached to the pieces, but before the guns 
could be moved, 17 of the 18 horses on three of the guns were 
shot down, and these pieces were hastily spiked and abandoned. 
The other three being rescued, took up a new position in the rear 
and expended all their ammunition, when, the Union troops being 
in lull rout, what was left of the battery was ordered to retire. But 
the single avenue of retreat was choked and crowded to its utmost 
capacity, and it was utterly impossible to move the guns; they were 
therefore spiked and relinquished, some of the cannoneers escaping 
by cutting their horses loose. The remnant of the company gathered 
at Pleasant Hill the next morning and were assigned to duty as 
guai'd to the ammunition train. The loss of the Second in the bat- 
tle had been very severe ; one man was killed and 18 were wounded, 
five of whom were made prisoners, together with seven unwounded 
men. Lieutenant Snow was wounded and captured, and Lieutenant 
Slack was wounded. Besides the lo?s of the guns -and caissons, 82 
of the battery's horses were either killed or wounded. 

Grand Ecore was reached on the 10th where the L'nion army 
gathered its scattered battalions. The members of the Second 
being without eqipment were ordered to New Orleans, where they 
arrived on the 20th, and were quartered at a cotton press. On the 
10th of May they were transported to Carrollton where an outfit of 
liffht ffuns was furnished them for the defenses of New Orleans, but 
on the 22d of June these were transferred to the Sixth Massa(;hu- 
setts Battery, and early in July the Second were quartered at the 
Apollo Stables, being equipped with four three-inch rifled guns. 

Transportation was taken on the 2d of September for IMorgnnza, 
where the battery encamped for the winter. The monotony of 
this encampment was broken by various long and tedious scouting 
expeditions, in which one or more sections took part, often resulting 
in more or less severe lighting, though the command sustained no 
serious loss. The term of enlistment of the original members ex- 
pired on the l(^)th of August, 1804, and they were discharged ; but 
23 of their number having re-enlisted, in addition to the recruits re- 
ceived from time to time, the organization was continued. 



796 ^ MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Lieutenant Snow, disabled by his wounds and captivity, was dis- 
charged on the 30th of November, and on the 7th of January, 1865, 
Captain Nims, the honored commander, resigned his commission. 
Lieutenant Marland was promoted to the vacancy, the other lieu- 
tenants were advanced in due course, the second lieutenancies being 
filled by the promotions of First Sergeant Louis W. Swan and Ser- 
geant Jacob M. Ellis, both of Boston. 

Under orders to report to General Steele for active service in the 
field, the Second took transport March 3, and on the 5th went into 
camp at Greenville, where fresh horses were received. It was 
ordered to New Orleans on the 7th and sailed next day for Barran- 
cas, Fla., where it landed on the 10th and encamped until the 18th. 
It then took up the march toward Mobile, and a terrible march it 
proved, through the woods and swamps of Florida. Rain fell in- 
cessantly and the mud was unfathomable. There was more or less 
fighting along the way where it was possible for troops to fight, and 
on the 2d of April the tedious march ended with the investment of 
Fort Blakely, commanding the approach to Mobile. The battery 
took an active part in the siege operations which followed, until the 
surrender of the fort on the 9th, when with a column of infantry 
and cavalry it set out on an expedition toward Claiborne, Ala. It 
fought at Daniels Plantation on the 11th — its last serious conflict. 

During the next seven weeks the command marched almost con- 
stantly, until the horses and mules were completely worn out. The 
men in fact were in little better condition, having subsisted for some 
weeks upon very insufficient rations, but late in May the march ended 
at Columbus, Miss. The men were then sent by rail to Mobile, and 
thence by water to Vicksburg where they arrived on the 4th of 
June, having traveled over 1,(300 miles since landing in Florida. 
During this experience more than 110 horses and mules belonging 
to the battery had broken down and been killed or abandoned. The 
company encamped at Vicksburg till the 22d of July, when it turned 
over its outfit to the proper United States officers and set out for 
home. Boston was reached on the 4th of August, the men encamp- 
ing on Gallop's Island till the 11th, when they were paid and dis- 
charged. Although by rare good fortune this battery had but one 
man killed in action during its four years' service, no organization 
had a more honorable name or was more highly regarded by the 
troops with which it was associated than " Nims's Battery." 



THE THIRD BATTERY. 



THE Third Battery of Light Artillery was recruited at Boston 
by Dexter H. FoUctt, who was made its first captain, under 
the auspices of Senator and Colonel Wilson of the Twenty- 
second Regiment, and was during its early days attached to his 
command. It went into camp at Lynnfield September 5, 1861, 
from which date its officers' commissions were issued and the men 
were mustered. Its officers were: — 

- Captain. Dexter H. Follett of Boston; first lieutenants, Augustus 
P. Martin of Boston and Caleb C. E. Mortimer of Charlestown: second 
lieutenants, \'alentine M. Dunn of Charlestown and William W. Sncll- 
ing of Boston; sergeant major, Aaron F. Walcott of Boston; quarter- 
master sergeant, James A. Hill of Boston 

Remaining at the Lynnfield rendezvous till October 7, the battery 
broke camji and proceeded to Boston, whence on the 8th it accom- 
panied the Twenty-second Regiment to Washington by way of 
Worcester, Springfield and New York, reaching the national capital 
on the 11th and being temporarily quartered at Camp Duncan on East 
Capitol Hill in that city. In a few days, however, it crossed the 
Potomac to H all's Hill, A^a., where it was attached to General Por- 
ter's Division and remained during the winter, six Napoleon guns 
forming its armaniont. Captain Follett resigned on the 27tli of 
November, and Lieutenant Snelling was dismissed by sentence of 
court-martial Deceml^er 20. To fill these vacancies, the captaincy 
Avas bestowed on Lieutenant Martin, Lieutenants Mortimer and Dunn 
were each advanced one grade, and the second lieutenancies were 
filled by the promotion of Sergeant Philip H, Tyler of Charlestown 
and Sergeant Major Walcott. 

The battery took part in the advance of the Army of the Potomac 
into Virginia on the 10th of March, 1862, and returned with the 
other troops to the vicinity of Alexandria on the Llth, whence on 



798 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the 21st it embarked for Fortress Monroe. Landing at that strong- 
hold on the 2-l:th, it went into camj) near New Market Bridge, and 
on the 27th joined with two brigades of infantry in a reconnaissance 
to Big Bethel. Camp was broken on the 4th of April and the com- 
pany marched toward Yorktown, in front of which it arrived the 
following day and soon after noon went into position on the War- 
wick road in co-operation with Martindale's Brigade, one half of 
the battery under Lieutenant Dunn being stationed a thousand yards 
to the left of the other half under Captain Martin. Both portions 
were sharply engaged with the Confederate artillery, the loss of Lieu- 
tenant Dunn's command being two men killed and three wounded. 

The next engagement of the company was at the battle of Hanover 
Court House, May 27, the battery accompanying General Porter's 
command on its movement to that point, where Branch's (Con- 
federate) Brigade was stationed. In the battle there Lieutenant 
Dunn's section of the battery was engaged, having two men wounded, 
one fatally. The section did good service, though at one time, owing 
to the falling back of the support and the severe musketry fire of 
the enemy, the cannoneers were obliged temporarily to retire from 
the guns. At the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, the battery was 
in reserve, having one man wounded, and the following day at 
Gaines Mill all the guns were engaged, being posted in an open field 
between the divisions of Generals Sykes and Morrell. The left of 
the line being broken, the battery was ordered to retire; but when 
almost without support Captain Martin perceived a hostile line of 
battle advancing in his front, into which he poured such a fire of 
canister as to break a portion of the line. He then retired as di- 
rected, though obliged to abandon three cassions of which the horses 
had been disabled, and in the retreat one gun was lost over the side 
of a bridge. The loss of the command was Lieutenant Mortimer 
fatally wounded and two men wounded, one mortally. The battery 
was also engaged at Malvern Hill on the 1st of July, but sustained 
no loss. The vacancy created by the death of Lieutenant Mortimer 
was filled by the promotion of Second Lieutenant Tyler, and of Pri- 
vate Thomas M. Cargill of Roxbury to be second lieutenant. 

Through the remainder of the year the battery was fortunate in 
not being seriously engaged, though accompanying the Fifth Corps 
in all its movements. On the 20th of September it was in position 
on the banks of the Potomac near Blackford's Ford to cover the 



THE Til in I) UATTEItY. 7!»!) 

crossing? of the Union infantrv and their return, suffering no loss; 
and on the 10th of October one section commanded by Lieutenant 
Cargill joined in a reconnaissance across the river to near Lees- 
burg, Va., where the command went into action, having one man 
wounded. When on the 10th of November General McClcHan took 
leave of the army he had for more than a year commanded, tiie 
Third Battery (then in camp at Warrenton) fired the national saUite, 
as it did the foHowing day when General Fitz John Porter bade 
adieu to the Fifth Cori)s, which he had commanded since its organi- 
zation. On the 24th the battery, which had arrived in the vicinity 
of Fahnouth six days before, took position at Stoneman's Switch 
and put up permanent quarters. At the battle of Fredericksburg 
the company did not cross the river till the 14th of December, and 
during the night of the next day returned to the north side and re- 
occupied the Stoneman's Switch (juarters. From the 20th to the 
24th of January, 1863, it took part in the " Mud March,'' and there- 
after remained in camp till the Chancellorsville cami)aign. Some 
changes had meantime occurred among the officers. First Lieuten- 
ants Dunn and Tyler had resigned — the former January 30, 1863, 
and the latter October 11 previous. The vacancies were filled by 
the promotion of the two secoud lieutenants and the commissioning 
of Sergeants William H. Foliett of Quincy and Lewis \ . Osgood of 
Charlestown as second lieutenants. Lieutenant Dunn had for some 
time been in command of the battery, Ca])tain Martin commanding 
the division artillery, as he did during 1863 the artillery brigade of 
the Fifth Corps, while Lieutenant Walcott commanded the battery. 
At the battle of Chancellorsville the Third were not actively 
engaged, being in position at the left of the line most of the time, 
and after the battle returning to the old camp. This was finally 
(piitted on the 29th of May, when the command moved to United 
States Ford and took up a commanding position, remaining there 
till the 7th of June when it withdrew and went into camj) near by, 
starting northward with its corps on the 13th. Reaching Gettys- 
burg about noon of July 2, the battery was in reserve till the latter 
part of the afternoon, when it was called on to relieve one of tiie 
Third Corps batteries in the Peach Orchard, but finding another 
battery had made the change before it reached the spot went into 
action with Ayers's Division of its own corps, losing two men killed 
and six wounded. That night it took position with the Vermont 



800 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Brigade of the Sixth Corps at the left of Round Top and remained 
there until the close of the battle. The Third shared the marches 
of its corps during the summer and autumn but was not in action. 
At Mine Run it reported successively to the Sixth and First Corps 
and returned to its own on the way to camp, with no other loss than 
the capture of Lieutenant Follett and one enlisted man by the Con- 
federate cavalry while on detached duty with an ordnance train. 

The winter camp of the company was near Bealton Station, north 
of the Rappahannock, where it remained from early in December 
till the 1st of May, 1864. During March, Lieutenant Osgood hav- 
ing been commissioned in the Sixteenth Massachusetts Battery, his 
place in the Third was filled by the promotion of First Sergeant 
George E. Hunt of Wilmington. Camp was broken the first day 
of May and the command crossed the river, advancing to Brandy 
Station and thence to Culpeper, where it joined the Fifth Corps and 
moved with it into the Wilderness fight. This was one of the few 
batteries engaged in that peculiar contest, pioneers making an open- 
ing for it in the woods whence without loss it tired upon the Con- 
federates whenever they could be seen. On the 8th it took position 
at Laurel Hill, a part of the Spottsylvania field, and remained there 
five days, being often in action, having nine wounded, including 
Captain Martin shot through the neck, two mortally. Lieutenant 
Walcott was in command during the absence of Captain Martin- 

On the 13th the company moved to the Po river at the left and 
afterward to other parts of the field, but was not closely engaged. 
During this time, in obedience to the order reducing all the batteries 
to four guns, two of its pieces were "turned in" to the ordnance 
department. The North Anna river was crossed on the 23d and 
the battery took part in the fighting of that day, having Lieutenant 
Cargill and one enlisted man wounded. Its next action was at 
Shady Grove Church from the 30th of May to the 3d of June, in 
which time two men and 13 horses were killed and one man was 
wounded. The Third were at Cold Harbor from the 5th to the 11th 
of June, but sustained no loss. They were likewise fortunate at 
Petersburg from the 18th to the 22d, though frequently in action. 
On the latter date they advanced to a new position within 500 yards 
of the hostile works, and remained till the 13th of August, the men 
occupying bomb-proofs when not engaged at the guns and the horses 
and camp belongings being well to the rear to avoid the incessant 



THE THIRD BATTERY. SOI 

cannonadinu". The loss of the battery durintr this time was but two 
men killed, so well wo-re they protected from the enemy's fire. 

From the 14tli to the 18th the command rested in the rear of the 
besieging lines, during which time Ca])tain Martin, returning to 
duty, was assigned to the command of the artillery of the division. 
The Third accompanied the Second Division, Fifth Corps, General 
Ayres, in the movement of the 18th against the Weldon Railroad, 
taking a very creditable part in the lighting of that day as well as 
of the 19th and 21st, having on the 18th one killed and four wounded. 
It relieved the Eleventh Massachusetts Battery near Glol)o Tavern 
at the left of the Union lines on the 2.3d, and remained there till the 
close of its active service. At the end of the month the re-enlisted 
men and the recruits whose time had not expired were transferred 
to the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, while the Third moved to City 
Point and encamping beside the Twenty-second Regiment,' with 
which it had entered service, prepared to return to Massachusetts. 

Embarking on the mail boat John Brooks, September 5, the com- 
jiany, numbering three officers and 86 men, sailed to Washington 
and on the 7th took cars for home, reaching Boston on the 9tli. 
After a reception the command was furloughed for a week, reas- 
sembling on the Common on the 16th and being formally mustered 
out of the service by Lieutenant Britton of the United States Army, 
having made a record for faithful performance of duty of which 
the state might well be proud. 



THE FOURTH BATTERY. 



THE Fourth Light Battery went into camp at Lowell Septem- 
ber 23, 1861, the members being mustered into service at 
various times during the two following months. Captain 
Manning's artillery section of Salem formed the nucleus, and that 
otticer was commissioned captain dating from November 27, the 
full roster comprising : — 

Captain, Charles H. Manning of Salem; first lieutenants, 'Frederic 
W. Eeinhardt and Joseph E. Salla. both of Boston; second lieuten- 
ants, Henry Davidson and George W. Taylor; quartermaster sergeant, 
Benjamin W. Lander; first sergeant, Joseph B. Briggs, all of Salem. 

This battery formed a part of General Butler's New Orleans ex- 
pedition, and on the 20th of November embarked on the transport 
steamer Constitution for Ship Island, the rendezvous of his com- 
mand. Debarking there on the 3d of December, it was assigned to 
garrison duty at Fort Massachusetts, an earthwork at the west end 
of the island, where it remained till the expedition was ready to as- 
cend the Mississippi. It embarked on the transport ship North 
America April 15, 1862, remained in the lower Mississippi during 
the engagement between the Union llect and Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, was present at the surrender of those strongholds and among 
the first troops to enter them under the American flag. Directly 
after the occupation of New Orleans by General Butler the Fourth 
ascended the river, debarking at the city on the 2d of May, and 
after a stop of three days proceeded to Carrollton, landing at Camp 
Parapet on the 6th. They remained at that point till the middle 
of June waiting for the summons to active duty, which came on 
the 15th in a call for one section to report to Lieutenant Colonel 
Kimball of the Twelfth Maine Regiment. 

The armament of the company consisted of four rifled 12-pounders 
and two howitzers, and a section of the former under command of 



THE Fo UR rn n a tter y. so3 

Llcnlcnant Taylor responded. Tlic troops, consisting' of four com- 
panies of infantry on three small steamers, crossed Lake Pontchar- 
train, to Pass .Manchag, near which, after a brief engagement, the 
Confederates abandoned two batteries of 32-ponnder guns, which 
were taken ])Osscssion of. The track of the New Orleans and Jack- 
son Railroad was then torn up in tiiat vicinity, after which the steam- 
ers ascended the Tangipaho river and made one or two caUs at 
points on the lake coast, but without important results, after which 
the troops returned to camp on the 20th. On the 10th of July the 
battery was transported by steamer to Baton Rouge, reaching there 
on the 12th and changing camp two or three times previous to the 
4th of August. General Thomas Williams, commanding the post, 
was aware that he w^as to be attacked by the Confederates under Gen- 
eral Breckinridge, and on the 4th made his dispositions for the bat- 
tle. The howitzer section was at the extreme Union left, with the 
rest of the battery in the cemetery not far distant. 

i:^oon after the battle opened on the morning of the 5th the bat- 
tery, one section at a time, was moved toward the right, where the 
fight w^as hottest, and was at once engaged, losing one man killed 
and live wounded, as well as suffering heavy loss in horses. The 
Fourth were presently ordered to take a position in the rear, and 
the Confederates having been repulsed, were not further engaged. 
A fortified position was occupied at the United States Arsenal 
Grounds till the 21st, when Baton Rouge was evacuated I)y the 
Union soldiers, the battery going by steamer to Carrollton, where 
on the 26th it occupied Camp Williams, named in honor of the victor 
in the recent battle. One section left camp on the 5th of October 
to report to Algiers, and on the -8th, as the encam[)mcnt proved 
very unhealthy, the rest of the command was ordered to Fort Pike, 
where the health of the men was much improved. 

Several changes occurred among the officers about this time. 
First Lieutenant Salla was dismissed on the 30th of July, Captain 
Manning resigned from the 20tli of October, and January 31, 1863, 
Second Lieutenant Davidson, who had been commissioned first lieu- 
tenant but not mustered, did likewise. To fill these vacancies First 
Lieutenant George G. Trull of Nims's (Second) Battery was com- 
missioned captain, Second Lieutenant Taylor was advanced to the 
vacant first lieutenancy, while the new second lieutenants w^ere 
Joseph B. Briggs of Salem, promoted from first sergeant, and John 



804 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

H. Hapg-ood. Lieutenant Briggs was in command of the section on 
duty at Algiers, and Licutant Taylor of those at Fort Pike. 

From the latter frequent expeditions were sent out to points on 
Lake Pontchartrain and up the rivers and bayous leading into it. 
On these occasions the steamer J. M. Brown was used, her armament 
of four guns being manned by the members of the battery. Oc- 
casionally a force of the enemy strong enough to make resistance 
was encountered, though none of the resulting conflicts were of 
great moment. One such was at Bonfouca, November 26, when an 
expedition under Captain Darling of the Thirty-first Massachusetts 
was attacked while loading the steamer with supplies. One of the 
guns was sent ashore under fire and directed by Lieutenant Taylor 
opened sharply upon the hostile cavalry, assisted by the infantry 
and from the boat, so that the enemy were soon driven out of sight, 
the loading of the Brown was completed and the expedition returned 
triumphantly to camp, none of the Fourth having been hurt. On 
the 23d of December another excursion to the same locality under 
the same officers was fired upon from the banks near Cousan's in 
ascending and at another point in returning; in both cases the as- 
sailants were driven av;ay by the fire from the vessel, though one 
batteryman was badly wounded, as was Captain Darling. 

While the main portion of the battery was having these experien- 
ces, Lieutenant Briggs's section accompanied General Weitzel's Bri- 
gade in its expedition through the La Fourche district, landing at 
Donaldsonville about the 25th of October, and after a sharp fight 
at Labadieville meeting little serious resistance. The purpose being- 
accomplished. Lieutenant Briggs's command encamped at Brashear 
City, where it remained till January 28, 1863, when it rejoined the 
main part of the company, which had just been ordered to New 
Orleans and was encamped at Factor's Press. After a month passed 
there, the Fourth embarked on the steamer New Brunswick, land- 
ing at Baton Rouge March 1 and going into camp at Fort Williams, 
being attached to the Third Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, Gen- 
eral Emory commanding. It took part in the diversion to the rear 
of Port Hudson, March 13-20, and on returning encamped at Mag- 
nolia Grove, moving camp April 7 to grounds near the Penitentiary 
where it had before been encam])ed. 

The battery was not again called into active service till it set out 
to take part in th« siege of Port Hudson, leaving camp May 21, and 



THE FOURTH BATTERY. 805 

marching that day with the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New- 
York Regiment to Plains Store; from which point on the 24th it 
accompanied Ocncral Augur's Division to the front and was placed 
in a corn-field on the right of the Port Hudson road. On the morn- 
ing of the 27th. when the general assault upon the worics was to bo 
made, it took a position on the right center and was actively en- 
gaged till noon, though having but one man wounded, when it was 
ordered to the rear. It again went to the front June 13, being 
located within 500 yards of the enemy's works, remaining in action 
till noon, when it withdrew, one piece having been disabled. It 
returned to the same position early the following morning and 
opened a heavy fire, throwing 584 rounds during the engagement, 
again with a loss of only one man wounded. 

That night the Fourth withdrew to the rear, and were not again 
at the front, though sections and detachments took part in several 
expeditions through the surrounding country while the siege was in 
■progress. On the 10th of July, Port Hudson having surrendered, 
the battery was attached to Colonel Gooding's Third Brigade, Third 
Division, and returned to Baton Rouge, where it went into the old 
camp near the Penitentiary, but four days later was ordered to 
Donaldsonville by steamer. The command re-embarked August 4 
and sailed to Port Hudson, reaching that place the following day 
and going into camp. It Avas again ordered to Baton Rouge on the 
22d, and on reaching there, two days later, encamped for a time 
near Fort Williams, moving later to Camp Banks, outside the city, 
whence on the 19tli of September it was ordered to Brashear City. 

Donaldsonville was reached by steamer the following day and by 
rai)id marches the battery arrived at its destination on the afternoon 
of the 23d, and was again attached to the Third Division, Nine- 
teenth Corps. The march up the Teche began on the 3d of October, 
Avhen three days with some skirmishing on the last brought the 
column to New Iberia. Halting there till the 8th, the march was 
resumed, the enemy being confronted next day at Vermilion Bayou. 
Some skirmishing ensued, and the advance from that point was slow, 
so that Opelousas was not reached till the 21st. Encamping there 
till the 1st of November the battery began its return march with the 
column, halting next day near Vermilion Bayou. It took part in the 
sharp fight of the 11th, sustaining no loss, and on the 16th and 17th 
marched back to New Iberia, encamping near the Teche river. 



806 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

About the close of the year the members of the battery ahiiost 
without exception re-enlisted and were mustered as veterans on the 
4th of January, 1864. The year 1863 had witnessed several changes 
in the roster of officers. First Lieutenant Reinhardt had resigned 
on the 18th of July, and Second Lieutenant Hapgood followed on 
the 15th of August. The promotion of Lieutenant Briggs to the 
place vacated by Reinhardt made way for the commissioning of two 
second lieutenants, and after some delay First Sergeant Thomas H. 
Manning of Salem and Corporal George N. Jenkins of Boston were 
advanced. On the 7th of January the battery set out with General 
Grover's command and moved to Franklin, resting there till the 2oth, 
when the march was continued to New Orleans. The command was 
quartered at Apollo Stables from the time of reaching the city till 
February 11, when the arrangements for a re-enlistment furlough 
having been completed, the company sailed on the steamer Karnak 
for New York, reaching Boston on the 21st. After the 30-day s fur- 
lough, passage was taken on the ocean steamer Liberty from New 
York to New Orleans, and on reaching the Crescent city, April 6, the 
battery took quarters in the Tobacco Warehouse, being equipped and 
•drilling as infantry till the last of June, when a transfer was made to 
the Apollo Stables and a light artillery equipment was received. 

On the 5tli of September it embarked on the steamer Starlight 
and went to Morganza, some 20 miles above Port Hudson, reporting 
to General Lawler and going into camp near the river. In this loca- 
tion the command remained till the 16th, when it started on an ex- 
pedition into the country to the westward, reaching the Bayou For- 
dousche that evening and guarding the bridge across it during the 
rest of the night. Next morning one section under Lieutenant 
Manning was ordered to proceed to the Atchafalaya and report to 
the commanding officer at Morgan's Ferry, but was fired upon by a 
detachment of the enemy before reaching the river and a skirmish 
ensued, lasting during the day, the Confederates retreating at night. 
The loss of the battery was two men wounded. Next day the 'Union 
troops retired to Morganza, but during the night of the 20th advanced 
again to the Atchafalaya, fortified several points, and remained for 
three days, when having collected a large number of beef cattle, 
the expedition returned to Morganza. 

Another movement began on the 3d of October, when the battery 
with other troops took passage by steamer Illinois to Bayou Sara, 



THE FOUIiTU BATTERY. S07 

whence the force moved out on different roads, one detachment being 
driven in by Scott's Confederate cavalry on the 5th, when the entire 
command returned to Morganza. Several expeditions followed, dur- 
ing the month, in which portions of the Fourth participated, at times 
being engaged with the enemy, but without loss. Passage was taken 
on the steamer Ohio Belle for White River, Ark., November 10, and 
from that })oint the command went by the Commercial to Duval I's 
near Grand Prairie. On the 23d orders were received to proceed 
to Memphis, Tenn., and the battery at once embarked, reaching that 
city after various stops and transfers, on the 28th. On the 21st 
of December the Fourth with the Reserve Corps, commanded by 
General Lawler, set out upon an expedition which occupied ten 
days, during which the marching was over execrable roads, visiting 
Bailie's Station, Wolf River and Germantown, returning to the 
city on the last day of the year. 

The day following, January 1, 1865, the battery embarked ori the 
steamer Autocrat, with two infantry regiments, and on the 4th 
reached New Orleans. Reporting to General Canby, the command 
was ordered to Kennerville, La., where it debarked, reporting to 
General Steele for orders, and went into camp with instructions to 
prepare at once for active campaigning. The battery embarked 
again February 9 and sailed for Dauphin Island, where it encamped 
two miles from Fort Gaines, being attached to the First Division, 
Thirteenth Corps. General James C. Yeatch commanded the 
division and General Gordon Granger the corps. On the 17th of 
March the battery left the island, crossing to the main land, and 
began at once the movement against Mobile. This was conducted 
with great difficulty, owing to the absence of roads and many other 
disadvantages, so that it was not till the 26th that line of battle 
was formed, though skirmishing had been going on for a few days. 
Next day the siege of Spanish Fort, seven miles east of Mobile, began, 
continuing until the 8th of April, during most of which time the 
Fourth were engaged in shelling the hostile works, but suffering little 
loss. On that day the fort was carried by assault, and the battery with 
other troops at once set out for Blakely, Ala., against which Genei-al 
Steele was operating. After an all-night march it reached the scene 
and was at once ordered into position on the left. Fire was opened 
at 10 o'clock and at 4 the works were carried by assault, the Fourth 
after the battle taking charge of the captured cannon. 



808 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Mobile was occupied l)v the Union army on the 12th, and the 
Fourth Battery, after making a march to Bell rose, was transported 
to the captured city on the 15th. In and about the city the time 
was passed till the 1st of July, when the company was ordered to 
Galveston, Tex. 

Embarking on the steamers Welles and Trade Wind, the com- 
mand reached Galveston the 5th and on the 8th set out for Hous- 
ton, on reaching which it encamped in Lubbock's Grove, near 
Buffalo Bayou, a mile from the city. While there the batterymen 
and officers served on various details, some of which required long 
and fatiguing rides through the country, but the lips of the guns no 
more gave forth the roar of battle. On the 28th of September 
orders were received to turn in the guns and other property belong- 
ing to the government, and on the 1st of October the homeward 
journey began. It led by way of Galveston to New Orleans, where 
a stop was made for a week. Captain Trull at that time resigned 
and the subsequent journeying of the battery was under command 
of Lieutenant Taylor. New Orleans was left "by means of the 
steamer Guiding Star on the 14th of October ; but the vessel got 
aground at Southwest Pass and could not be floated till the 19th. 
Three or four days later a heavy storm set in, becoming a gale on 
the 24th and injuring the steamer so much that she was obliged to 
put in at Port Royal, S. C, on the 26th, The trip was resumed on 
the 30th, and New York was reached November 2, where passage 
was taken on the Commercial to Stonington, Ct., and thence by cars 
to Boston. On the afternoon of the 4th the battery brought up at 
the rendezvous on Gallop's Island, and on the 10th the men were 
mustei'ed out by Captain Kroutinger of the Second United States 
Infantry, after almost four years of service. 



THE FIFTH BATTERY. 



THE Fifth Licht Battery first met at Cam]) Schoulcr, Lynn- 
iield, its members beinj; mustered at various times durinu^ 
September, October and November, 1861; but on the 14th of 
November was ordered to Camp Massasoit at Readville. The com- 
pany was at first under command of Lieutenant iVllen, who received 
his commission oft the 28th of September; the other lieutenants 
were commissioned on the 8th of October, but the matter of the 
captaincy was not scttk-d till the 23d, when the roster was com- 
pleted as follows: — 

C'aptiun, ilax Eppendorff of New Bedford; first lieutenants, George 
D. Allen of Maiden and John B. Hyde of New Bedford; second lieu- 
tenants, Robert A. Dillingham of New Bedford and Charles A. Phillijis 
of Salem; quartermaster sergeant, Timothy W. Terry of New Bedford. 

The battery remained in camp at Readville till the 25th of De- 
cember, when it left for Washington, its armament consisting of 
four rifled six-pounders and two 12-pounder howitzers, which were 
during the winter exchanged for three-inch rifled guns. Washing- 
ton was reached on the 27th, quarters being provided at Camp Dun- 
can on Capitol Hill, the name being afterward changed to Camp 
Sumner. Captain Eppendorff resigned on the 25th of January 
1862, and the captaincy passed to Lieutenant Allen, the other lieu- 
tenants advancing in order and the vacancy at the foot being filled 
by the commissioning of Sergeant Henry D. Scott of New Bedford. 
On the loth of February the battery marched to Hall's Hill, Ya., 
and was assigned to General Fitz John Porter's Division. It re- 
mained in camp there during the winter, and on the 18th of March 
moved to Camp California near Alexandria, in preparation for the 
Peninsular campaign. It embarked on the 21st with its division 
and landed at Fortress Monroe three days later, going into camp 
near New Market Bridge, where it awaited the gathering of the 



810 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

army for the movement against Richmond. It was still attached 
to General Porter's command, — the First Division, Third Corps. 

The battery moved forward with its division on the 4th of April, 
opening lire upon the enemy at Howard's Mills and driving them 
from their works, and being slightly engaged next day on the arrival 
before Yorktown. It took no serious part, however, in the siege 
which followed, remaining at Camp Winfield Scott till the evacua- 
tion, taking its share in the picket dut\ . After the ahandonracnt 
of Yorktown the battery was conveyed by transport to West Point, 
whence it advanced to the Chickahominy with the division — now 
under command of General Morell, General Porter being in com- 
mand of the Fifth Corps, a new organization of two divisions, one 
of which was his late First Division — and took part in the other 
movements of the corps, including the one to Hanover Court House 
on the 27th of May, returning two days later to the camp on Gaines 
Farm, where it remained for a month, taking part in picket duty 
and being frequently under fire, but meeting no loss. At the battle 
of Gaines Mill, June 27, the battery was attached to General Butter- 
field's Brigade, and during the day moved to various points on the 
field under command of Lieutenant John B. Hyde, Captain Allen 
being absent. About the middle of the afternoon it took position 
on a hill where it assisted in repulsing several advances of the enemy, 
and then changed location to serve with the brigade in covering the 
retreat of the Union army across the Chickahominy. This it did 
faithfully, checking the pursuit with discharges of cannister, but in 
withdrawing could only bring off two guns, the horses of the others 
being killed. The loss in men was two killed and three Avounded, 
two of the latter with two unwounded being taken prisoners. 

The two guns which had been saved accompanied the corps in 
the retreat to Malvern Hill, and there on the 1st of July the com- 
mand rendered valuable service, first at the left and altervv'ard at 
the right, in repulsing attacks, the two pieces firing 250 rounds. 
Two men were Avounded during the battle. On the 12th of July, 
while the army was in camp at Harrison's Landing, the Fifth Bat- 
tery was temporarily dissolved, owing to its loss of horses and guns 
and the depletion in number of men; 25 men were attached to the 
Fourth Rhode Island Battery, while the officers and the remainder 
of the men were assigned to the Third Massachusetts Battery, Cap- 
tain Martin. The two first lieutenants, Hyde and Dillingham, how- 



THE FIFTH BATTERY. 811 

ever, resigned from tliat date. The dctachilifiits served with the 
comniands tu which they had been assiiiiied for two months, (hu'ing 
which the Rhode Ishmd battery took part in the Second Jhdl Run 
battle, one of the Massachusetts men beinjz- wounded, the division 
encanijjing- September 8 at Upton's Hill. Four days later, when 
the division marched northward on the Antietam campaign, the 
Fifth Battery was ordered to draw a new outfit, going into camp 
meantime near Fort Corcoran. 

It was not equipped and in readiness for the held till the 8th of 
October, when it marched to rejoin its division, then in camp near 
Sliarpsburg, where it arrived two days later, and on the 21st was 
moved to the mouth of Antietam Creek to cover a ford of the 
Potomac river. Captain Allen resigned on the 17th of October, 
and when the new commissions which the several vacancies called 
for had been issued and the oOicers mustered the list was as follows: 
Captain. Charles A. riiilli|)s; first lieutenants, Henry 1). Scott and 
■Frederick A. Lull of Cambridge; second lieutenants, Peleg W. Blake 
of New Bedford and Josej)h E. Spear of Quincy. 

The First Division, Fifth Corps, then commanded by General 
Butterheld, left Sliarpsburg the 30th of October, being joined by 
the battery, and marched to Berlin the following day, to Harper's 
Ferry on the 1st of November, and thence with the corps as it moved 
southward, encamping on the 9th at Warrenton, where General 
Burnside took command of the Army of the Potomac, General 
Butterheld of the Fifth Corps and General Griffin of the First Divis- 
ion. The march toward Fredericksburg was resumed on the 17th, 
the battery halting on the 19th at Hartwood Church, but four days 
later changing cam]) to ()l)tain a better location, beside the Fredericks- 
burg and Acquia Creek Railroad, about half way from Stoneman's 
Switch to Potomac Creek. The location was near that of the Third 
^lassachusetts Battery and the Eighteenth Massachusetts Regiment, 
and was occupied by the company most of the time till late the fol- 
lowing spring. 

The Fifth took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, crossing the 
river by the ponton bridge at the lower part of the city about the 
middle of the afternoon of the 13th of December, and taking posi- 
tion just outside the city, beside the poor-house. It was shai-jdy 
engaged till dark and under a heavy fire, but lost only one killed 
and one wounded. During that night it bivouacked in the city, but 



812 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

next morning returned to the former position and remained there 
till evening of the 15th, when it recrossed the river during the night 
and returned to the former camp on the railroad. It shared in the 
" Mud March," from the 20th to the 24th of January, 1863, after 
which it remained in camp till the Chancellorsville movement had 
resulted in the establishing of General Hooker's lines at that place, 
when the Fifth with some of the other batteries of the corps marched 
across the river and took position near the Chancellor house on the 
1st of May. The corps was moved to the left next day, and the 
battery did not again change its location nor was it engaged till the 
close of the battle. During the night of the 5th it recrossed the 
river and returned to the old camp. 

Following the battle of Chancellorsville the disposition of the 
artillery with the Army of the Potomac was changed, the batteries 
attached to each corps being reduced in numbers and organized into 
a brigade, while the surplus was formed into five brigades known as 
the Reserve Artillery, General Robert 0. Tyler commanding. Under 
this arrangement the Fifth Massachusetts became one of the bat- 
teries of the First Volunteer Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel F. Mc- 
Gilvery commanding. The other batteries of the brigade were the 
Fifteenth New York, Independent Battery of Pennsylvania and the 
Ninth Massachusetts. Camp was changed to White Oak Church on 
the 27th, and on the 13th of June the march northward was begun. 
The company reached Fairfax Court House on the 15th, having made 
but two short stops on the way, and remained there till the 25th, 
when it marched by way of Edwards Ferry and Frederick City to 
Taneytown, which it reached on the 30th. 

The Artillery Reserve were summoned to Gettysburg on the 2d 
of July and reached there during the forenoon, being parked a mile 
or more east of the town between the Baltimore pike and the Taney- 
to>An road. Shortly before Longstreet's attack on the Union left 
McGilvery's Brigade was ordered into position to the left of the 
Third Corps, the Fifth being placed next to the Ninth Massachu- 
setts. The attack on the Third Corps was desperately resisted by 
the artillery, but the ground could not be held and the battery was 
obliged to retire. It brought off all its guns, though one of them 
by hand, and only abandoned one caisson owing to the loss of horses. 
On the following day it was posted in the line of the Second Corps 
and assisted in repulsing the great attack by the Confederates. Dur- 



THE FIFTH liATTERY. 813 

ing- tlic two (lays the ])atterv lost seven men killed and died of 
wounds ; 13 -were wounded, including' Lieutenant Scott shot thr<ju<ili 
the face while directing' the removal of the gun brought oif l)v hand. 
Two of the killed and three of the wounded belonged to the Tenth 
New York Battery, l)eing temporarily attached to the Fifth. The 
command lost 50 horses, and lired TOO rounds during' the two days. 

After this battle the battery followed the fortunes of the Army 
of the Potomac in its marchings during the remainder of tlu- sum- 
mer and the autumn, without being brought into action. At the 
close of July, First Lieutenant Lull was commissioned in the Second 
Heavy Artillery Regiment ; Second Lieutenant Blake was promoted 
to first lieutenant, the junior second lieutenancy being filled by 
Nathan Appleton of Boston. Soon after leaving Gettysbui-g the 
battery was ordered back to its corps, and with it made the various 
marches of the season, finally going into action at Rappahannock 
Station on the 7tli of November, but without loss. It encamped 
■after this near Mountain Creek, south of the Rappahannock, occupy- 
ing quarters constructed by a Georgia regiment of Confederates 
who had expected to pass the winter there. The Mine Run cam- 
paign opened on the 26th, when the battery crossed the Rapidan at 
Culpeper Ford, and next day on the Orange Plank road engaged 
the enemy at New Hope Church, Lieutenant Scott being wounded. 
It occupied various positions in the line of battle during the time 
that the two armies confronted each other across Mine Run, and 
on the 1st of December with a large part of the Army of the 
Potomac artillery was ordered to the rear, recrossing the Rapidan 
at Ely's Ford and a few days later going into winter quarters within 
the earthworks at Rapi»ahannock Station. 

There it remained till the opening of the spring campaign of 18G4. 
During that time 45 of its members re-enlisted for an additional 
term of service. Lieutenant Scott was commissioned captain of the 
Sixteenth Massachusetts Battery and the other lieutenants being 
advanced one grade, First Sergeant Harrison 0. Simonds of Boston 
was promoted to junior second lieutenant. The battery still re- 
mained a part of the artillery brigade of the Fifth Corps commanded 
by Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, and on the 1st of May left its 
quarters for Culpeper Court House, where the corps was ordered to 
assemble. It crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford on the 4th, 
and next day its right section was one of the few which engaued 



814 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the enemy during the battle of the Wilderness. It took no import- 
ant part in the engagements which followed till the 12th, when it 
was placed at the extreme right of the Union line, at Corbin's 
bridge over the Po river, and had a sharp duel with a Confederate 
battery in its front, which was finally driven out of position, the 
loss to the Fifth being a limber exploded, a few horses killed and 
three men wounded, most of them by the fire of a Union battery. 
A few days later, in common with all the light batteries attached 
to the Army of the Potomac, it was reduced from six guns to four, 
and on the 18th was again in action. 

It moved southward with the corps to the North Anna, and took 
some part in the fighting which occurred there on the 25th, acting 
with Griffin's Division. Lieutenant Appleton, serving on the staff 
of Colonel Wainwright, was severely wounded. Continuing the 
movement toward Richmond, Bethesda Church was reached on the 
30th, and while there the battery was attached to Grithn's Division, 
with which it served till- the close of July. On the 2d and 3d of 
June the Fifth took an active part in the battle of Bethesda Church, 
on the latter day advancing with the iSecond Brigade of the division 
against the enemy's works and driving out a hostile battery with a 
heavy fire of canister, the loss to the Fifth during the two days 
being two men killed and one wounded. The battery marched to 
Cold Harbor June 5, and two days later to the Chickahominy, where 
on the 8th three men were killed and two or three wounded by a 
single shell fired from across the river. The command was not 
again engaged till the 18th, when it took position in front of Peters- 
burg and advanced with the two other batteries of the division 
against the hostile works, engaging the Confederate artillery; but 
the attack was not successful and the company retired with the 
division, having suffered the loss of First Lieutenant Blake and one 
enlisted man killed and two wounded. 

The battery moved westward to the Jerusalem Plank road on the 
21st, encamping there till the 29th of July, when the preparations 
had been completed for the explosion of "Burnside's Mine." It 
was then moved back to Battery VIII, some distance to the right of 
the mine, and when the explosion took place and the assault was 
made the following morning it joined in the cannonade of the 
enemy's line, returning to camp in the evening. From the 6th to 
the loth of Auo'ust it was in the second line of works to the rear 



THE FIFTH BATTERY. 81.) 

of Battery VIII, beino: relieved by the Eleventh Massachusetts Bat- 
tery, aiid a few days afterward accomi)anied the Fifth Corps in its 
movement for the breaking of the Weldon Railroad and took part 
in repulsing the attempt of the Confederates to regain possession 
on the 21st. Two men were wounded on this occasion and one at 
the battle of the Crater. 

The Union lines having been firmly established to include the 
severed railroad, the battery was placed in position on the Halifax 
road facing to the south, and remained there for some time. Its 
numbers were augmented on the 30th by the addition of those mem- 
bers of the Third Massachusetts Battery whose term of service had 
not expired, that oi'ganization being mustered out; and on the 3d 
of October 30 members of the Fifth whose enlistment had expired 
were mustered out and left for Massachusetts. A week later the 
command was stationed in Batteries XXTV and XXV, in the front 
line of works near the loft, and when n )t absent on expeditions re- 
mained there most of the time till the close of the year, being re- 
stored on the 16th of October to a six-gun battery. It was absent 
from the forts for three weeks from the 25th, moving to Hatcher's 
Run on the 27th and afterward encamping near Yellow Tavern ; 
and again on the 7th of December it accompanied the Fifth Corps 
in its movement to the vicinity of Jarrett's Station for the destruc- 
tion of the Weldon Railroad in that direction, returning on the 12th. 

The death of Lieutenant Blake, the discharge of Lieutenant Apple- 
ton for disability and of Lieutenant 8pear on expiration of his term 
of enlistment, caused a recast of the roster of officers, and the close 
of the year 1864 found the lieutenants as follows: First lieuten- 
ants, Harrison O. Simonds of Boston and Samuel H. Haml)lett of 
Salem ; second lieutenants, Mason W. Page and Charles M. Tripp, 
both of New Bedford, all but Hamblett being promotions of ser- 
geants of the company. These with Captain Phillips served till the 
final muster out with the exception of Tripp, who was discharged 
for disability a few weeks earlier. 

The battery was withdrawn on the 19th of December from the 
forts it had been occupying, two of the guns being placed in Battery 
XXH and the others in Fort Alexander Hays, while the caissons 
and horses with the members of the command not engaged at the 
guns went into winter quarters at the rear with the Fifth Corjjs. 
During most of the month of January the entire force was relieved 



816 3fASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and in camp, but on the 28th the guns were returned to their former 
positions and remained till the 11th of February, 1865. In the 
mean time the Fifth Corps had moved to the left and extended the 
lines to Hatcher's Run, and on the 28th the battery moved thither 
and encamped till the 11th of March. On the 16th, in preparation 
for the active movements near at hand, all the light batteries were 
again reduced to four guns, and on the 18th the command returned 
to Fort Hays for the last time. 

At the final assault on Petersburg on the night of April 1 and 
the following morning. Captain Phillips with his own battery and 
three others from the Fifth Corps artillery co-operated with the as- 
sault made by the Ninth Corps. In addition to the regular battery 
work. Lieutenant Page with two gun detachments was detailed to 
take possession of Confederate Battery XXVII, which had been aban- 
doned by Battery B, Sumter Artillery of Georgia, leaving the six 
12-pounder guns which formed its armament. "These were worked 
by the brave men under Lieutenant Page all day, though exposed 
to a fire of artillery and musketry, by which Page and three of his 
little band were wounded. That day saw the last shots fired by the 
Fifth Battery. The enemy retreated during the night and two or 
three days later the battery withdrew to City Point, where it was 
attached to the Second Brigade of the Artillery Reserve. 

After a month in camp it began its final series of marches on the 
3d of May, and on the 13th encamped in the defenses of Washing- 
ton, between Forts Reynolds and Barry. This camp was occupied 
till the 4th of June, when the command started for Massachusetts, 
reaching Readville on the 6th. It was mustered out on the 12th, 
and paid and discharged on the 24th. 



THE SIXTH BATTERY. 



THE Sixth Lia:ht Battery was rccniited at Camp Chaso, Lowell, 
during the fall and winter of 18Gl-2,for General IJutler's ex- 
peditionary corps. The enlisted men were mustered at various 
dates during Dccenihcr and January and the officers were commis- 
sioned January 20, 18G2, the list being as follows, all of Boslon: — 

Captain. Charles Everett; tirst lieutenants, William W. Carruth and 
John F. Phelps; second lieutenants, William B. AUyn and Frank 
Bruce; quartermaster sergeant, George D. Wyckoff. 

The company left Massachusetts on the 8th of February aboard 
the ship Idaho, and landed at Ship Island «:he 8th of March. It 
comprised 145 men and was armed with two rifled and four smooth- 
bore six-pounder guns. While encamped at Shij) Ishind, a section 
under Captain lilverett accompanied the Ninth Connecticut Volun- 
teers to Biloxi, Miss., the whole under command of Major (Jeorge C. 
Strong, to obtain from the authorities there an ajiology for jjreviops 
firing on a Hag of truce. The battery embarked on the steamer 
Mississippi with the Twenty-sixth and Thirty-first Massachusetts 
Regiments, when the expedition set out for active operations against 
New Orleans, and on landing accompanied General Butler to the St. 
Charles Hotel, where his head-quarters were established. 

The peaceful occupation of the city being secured, two sections 
were quartered there, while the other under Lieutenant Carruth 
crossed to Algiers and assisted the Twenty-first Indiana Regiment 
in getting possession of the railroad to Brashear City, with the 
rolling-stock and equipment. The Sixth Avere attached to General 
Williams's Brigade, which was under orders to operate against 
Yicksburg, and near the middle of May the two sections under Cap- 
tain Everett embarked on transports while Lieutenant Can-uth's 
section was absent on an expedition. Captain Everett finally landed 



818 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

at Baton Rouge, where the other section arrived after taking part 
in two or three raids, and on the 16th of June two sections under 
the captain sailed for Vicksburg while the one commanded by Lieu- 
tenant Carruth remained as a part of the garrison of Baton Rouge. 
During the absence of the main body this section Avas frequently 
called on for active duty, on two occasions engaging predatory bands 
of the enemy hovering in the vicinity. The main body at Vicksburg 
had also a touch of actual war while absent, engaging the Confeder- 
ate works across the river while Commodore Farragut ran the bat- 
teries, one man of the Sixth being killed during the affair. 

The force returned to Baton Rouge on the 26th of July, sadly 
suffering from malarial fever, so that when on the 5th of August 
the Confederates under General Breckinridge attacked the place and 
the battle of Baton Rouge was fought, the Sixth had less than 40 
men for duty at the guns. Yet they performed a most heroic part 
and won great praise for intrepid fighting. Lieutenant Carruth 
commanded the battery during the battle, Captain Everett being 
absent on duty and Lieutenant Phelps from sickness, while Lieuten- 
ant Allyn, who was off duty with a fever, returned to command a 
section till he was twice wounded. In the early part of the engage- 
ment, while the Union line was being pressed back, the battery did 
some of its best work and suffered seriously in men and horses. 
The rear section under immediate command of Lieutenant Carruth 
lost all its men either killed or wounded save the sergeants, and was 
able to work its guns only by the help of volunteers from its in- 
fantry support. Its well-directed fire did' much to save the Union 
left from disaster, and after the line had been re-established the 
Sixth could only deliver a shell fire, as the Confederates did not 
again venture within the reach of canister. The loss to the com- 
mand was three killed, nine wounded and one missing, fully a 
third of the complement taken into action. 

When the post at Baton Rouge was abandoned, not long after, 
the battery returned to New Orleans and remained in that vicinity 
some time. Captain Everett was ])romoted on the 7th of September 
to an infantry command, Lieutenant Carruth succeeding him as cap- 
tain, the other lieutenants advancing each a step, and the vacancy at 
the bottom being filled by the commissioning of Sergeant John A. 
Baker of Lawrence. Soon after the battery was formally attached 
to the Reserve Brigade, commanded by General Weitzel, with which 



THE SIXTH BATTERY. 819 

it served for a long time. This brigade consisted of the Twelfth 
Connecticut, Seventy-fifth New York and First Louisinna Regiments, 
three com])anies of cavalry and the First Maine Battery, in addition 
to the Sixth. The armament of the latter at this time comprised 
two 12-pounder howitzers and four six-pounder Sawyer guns. 

Weitzel's command on the 24th of October sailed up the Mississipjji 
to Donaldsonville, where it landed and marched to Thibodeaux, 
where it went into winter quarters, at Camp Stevens. Meantime Gen- 
eral Banks had succeeded to the command of the Department of the 
Gulf, bringing many fresh trooi)S, and the Reserve Brigade was 
strengthened by the addition of the Eighth Vermont, One Hundred 
and Fourteenth and One Hundred and Sixtieth New York Regi- 
ments and liattery A of the First United States Artillery. The 
brigade left camp on the 11th of January, 1863, to destroy a Con- 
federate gun-boat on the Techc, returning on the loth and remain- 
ing till the 22d of February. It then advanced to Brashear City, 
t)ut made only a short stop there, falling back to Bayou Bocuf and 
establishing Camp Mansfield, where it remained till the 2d of April 
when it again took post at Brashear. 

This was the beginning of the movement intended by General 
Banks to scatter the enemy's force in that vicinity before he laid 
siege to Port Hudson. Weitzel's command, then known as the 
Second Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Corps, crossed Ber- 
wick's Bay on the 9th, and on the 12th and 13th took j)art in the 
battle of Bisland, in whicii the battery lost one killed and one or two 
vs^ounded. Opelousas was reached on the 20th, whei'C the column 
halted for a few days. The brigade with its attachments ])ushed 
on to Alexandria on the 4th of May and waited there till the 17th, 
when the march was taken up for Port Hudson. Approaching that 
stronghold, the left section commanded by Sergeant Chubbuck was 
ordered to Point Coupee on the opposite side of the river, where it 
remained during the siege. The other two sections took part in the 
direct operations, the right section near the center of the line and 
the other at the right. While the battery did good service during 
the siege, its losses were slight, but one man being mortally wounded. 
As soon as the place surrendered the Sixth with its brigade de- 
scended the Mississippi to Donaldsonville, to operate against the 
rebels who had assumed a threatening attitude in that vicinity. 

Four guns of the battery joined with the First Brigade of the 



820 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

division on the 12th of July in a reconnaissance to ascertain the 
position and force of the enemy ; but on the following morning, 
after having pressed back the Confederate outposts some four miles, 
the column was attacked in force so suddenly that one gun which 
had been dismounted for repairs was captured. Only one man in 
the company was wounded, and the command returned to Donald- 
sonville, were it remained during the rest of the month. On the 
30th it marched with its brigade to Thibodeaux, where it was quar- 
tered in Camp Hubbard till the 25th of September, when it repaired 
by rail to Algiers for fresh equipment, was reduced to a four-gun 
battery, and on the 6th of October transferred to Berwick's Bay. 

During this time many changes had occurred in the roster of offi- 
cers. Lieutenant Allyn had left the service on the 2d of March, as 
did Lieutenant Baker on the 28th of May. The regular promotion 
of Lieutenant Bruce to fill the first vacancy left both second lieu- 
tenancies vacant, and they were filled by the commissioning of Ser- 
geant Philip Wachter of Charlestown and Charles C. Cram of Bos- 
ton. The latter, who was not previously connected with the battery, 
joined it for duty while before Port Hudson, and won the high re- 
gard of his associates, but fell ill at Berwick, where he died on the 
11th of October. On the 3d of that month Captain Carruth, who 
had been absent on detached duty, was formally transferred from 
the command of the battery. These vacancies were not at once 
filled, and at this time the only officer present with the company 
was Lieutenant Wachter. This fact being reported to General 
Banks, he detailed Second Lieutenant Edward K. Russell of the 
Second Massachusetts Battery to command the Sixth, which he did 
till the 9th of December, when First Lieutenant John F. Phelps re- 
turned. He was soon after made captain, Russell being commis- 
sioned first lieutenant, the vacancy in second remaining unfilled. 

The battery marched to Franklin on the 11th of October, and a 
few davs later moved to Carrion Crow Bayou, where it rejoined the 
First Division. Thence on the 23d the corps proceeded to Opelousas ; 
but, the communication being liable to interruption, fell back on the 
1st of November to Vermilion and on the 16th to New Iberia, where 
the winter camp was miide. On the otli of January, 1864, o6 mem- 
bers of the batter}' — al)Out all that remained of the original com- 
pany — re-enlisted as veterans, supjjosing that they were entitled 
to the privileges of other commands which had served two years or 



THE SIXTH BATTERY. Si'l 

more; but this claim was not allowed by the War Department. 
However, the fact was not known for some time, and on the 3d of 
March the batterv left its camp and reported at New Orleans topre- 
])ai'e for the 30-days' furlough home, which was one of the compen- 
sations for re-enlistment. It was not till the 13th of .Vpril that the 
veterans were able to set out U)Y Massachusetts, and Boston was 
readied on the 20th, A few days later each member was i)aid the 
veterans' state bounty of *325 and the command separated to enjoy 
the brief resi)ite. The return trip began on the 23d of May, though 
New Orleans was not reached till the 8th of June. The company 
was partially iitted out with four field pieces, but was not called on 
for active service, remaining at New Oi'leans the rest of the year. 

The re-enlistment of the men not having been allowed by the 
War Department, the original members were ordered mustered out, 
January 20, 1865, and were sent to Boston for that purpose under 
command of Captain Hamlin of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Bat- 
-tery. Just as the year 1864 closed Captain Phel))S was dismissed 
the service and the day following Lieutenant Bruce resigned. The 
organization of the battery was kept up, however, and during Janu- 
ary, 4(> members liaving been added by transfer from other com- 
mands and 75 recruits being received from Massachusetts, the aggre- 
gate membership was brought up to 169 ; Lieutenant Russell was 
promoted to captain and Sergeant William E. Wood of Wrentham 
was made second lieutenant, soon followed by a promotion to first. 
Daniel A. Sheen of South Danvers was also commissioned second 
lieutenant during the spring. 

During February the company was fully equipped as a six-gun 
battery, but remained at New Orleans, and in June its numbers were 
reduced 52 by an order requiring the muster out of all whose term 
of service expired before the 1st of October following. It was the 
wisli of General Canby, then in command of the De]iartnient of the 
(Julf, that this battery should l)e filled to tlie maximum and kejjt in 
the service, but the war department decreed that all vohinteer light 
artillery in the department, including the Sixtb, should be mus- 
tered out. On the 21st of July the command sailed on the trans- 
port steamer Ashland for New York, going thence by the Providence 
line to Readville, where it went into camp on the 1st of August. 
The comjjany was mustered out live days later, and paid and dis- 
banded on the 10th. 



THE SEVENTH BATTERY. 



THE Seventh Light Battery was among the first troops to leave 
Massachusetts for three years' service, being recruited in Low- 
ell as an infantry company directly upon the news of the firing 
on Fort Sumter. It was at first called the Ricliardson Light In- 
fantry, in honor of George F. Richardson of Lowell, who had been 
very active in its organization. The company at once tendered its 
services to the governor of the state for three years. On the 2Ist 
of May, 1861, it was mustered into the United States service at 
Boston, and on the following day sailed for Fortress Monroe with 
this roster of ohicers, commissioned from the 20th of April, 1861: — 

Captain, Phineas A. Davis of Lowell; first lieutenant, Israel ^N". 
Wilson of North Billerica ; second lieutenant, William E. Farrar of 
Lowell. (Lieutenant Wilson left the com})any July 25 to become a 
captain in the Twenty-ninth Eegiment, when Lieutenant Farrar was 
advanced to the vacancy and Sergeant AVilliam A. Fifield of Lowell 
was promoted to the second lieutenancy.) 

It was intended that the company should be attached to the Third 
Regiment, then at Fortress Monroe, but on reaching its destination 
it was assigned to provost duty. Captain Davis being made provost 
marshal at the Fortress. This routine continued till December 25, 
when the company was assigned to light artillery drill and duty. 
On the 17th of March, 1862, the War Department consented to the 
re-organization of the company as a battery of light artillery, and 
the necessary changes in officers were made. By this arrangement 
Lieutenant Fifield became junior first lieutenant and Sergeants 
Cephas L. Hartwell and Andrew J. Devoll, both of Lowell, were 
promoted to second lieutenants. Newman W. Storer of Lowell was 
appointed quartermaster sergeant. 

In the movement against Norfolk on the 10th of May the com- 
mand as an infantry company led the advajice, being first to land 



THE SKVEXTir BArTERY. Sl'3 

and forming the right of the Union column. Throe days later it 
returned to the Fortress and remained there till the 19th of June, 
when its organization as a battery having been completed, with its 
ranks filled and an equipment of guns and horses secured, it re- 
moved to Newport News, cncamj)ing there until July 25. It then 
marched to Yorktown, where it encamped for two months, l)eing di- 
rected on the 29th of September to proceed to Suti'olk, Va., which 
Avas reached on the 2d of October, reporting to General John J. 
Peck and remaining till midwinter, one section being sent out each 
night to guard the crossing of the Nansemond river. 

Orders were received on the 29th of January, 1863, for the bat- 
tery to report to General Michael Corcoran, and at midnight it set 
out on the march toward the Blackwater river. Nine miles out the 
enemy under General Roger A. Pryor were encountered and an en 
gagement ensued lasting till morning. The Confederates then fell 
back some two miles and made another stand, when the batterv 
•with four pieces, two being disabled, carried on the fight for two 
hours, until the foe retired across the Blackwater. This was the 
most severe engagement in which the battery participated, its loss 
being 13 men, two of whom were killed and two mortally woundetl. 
Changes had already occurred among the oflticers of the command. 
First Lieutenant Fitield had resigned on the loth of November, and 
February 17 Second Lieutenant Devoll was dismissed. To fill these 
vacancies. Second Lieutenant Hartwell was promoted and Sergeants 
Wilbur G. McCurdy and George F. Critchett, both of Lowell, were 
commissioned second lieutenants. 

The battery joined an expedition under Colonel Samuel P. Spear 
of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry on the 17th of March, travel- 
ing 46 miles in 17 hours and engaging the enemy at Franklin. (Gen- 
eral Longstreet laid siege to Suffolk on the 11th of A])ril, and duiing 
his investment the battery was on the alert with horses harnessed 
day and night, being engaged on the 12th, 14th and loth of April. 
On the 3d of May, as the siege was being abandoned, the l)attery 
crossed the Nansemond with a force under General Getty and went 
into action on the Pi'ovidence Church road, silencing an o))i)Osing 
battery. On the 13th, under command of General Robert S. Foster, 
the Seventh joined in the expedition to Carrsville, being absent 
eight days, one section being engaged at Holland's House, near 
Carrsville on the 15th with a loss of one man wounded. 



824 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

More active duty began on the 27th of June, when the command 
marched to Portsmouth, took transports to White House, and on 
the 1st of July set out from that place with a force under Colonel 
Spear, going by way of Brandywine Creek and Taylorsville to the 
crossing of the Virginia Central Railroad and the South Anna river, 
where on the afternoon of July 4 the enemy was encountered and 
the command was under fire from 6 o'clock till midnight. During 
the ten days which followed the battery made its way back to Fort- 
ress Monroe, passing Hanover Court House, White House and York- 
town, among other places. On the 15th it was transported to 
Portsmouth, going into camp at Bower's Hill the following day, 
but on the 20th embarked for Washington, finding quarters at 
Camp Marshall on the 22d. 

It crossed to Alexandria on the 18th of August and took passage 
on the steamer De Molay for New York, to guard against a repeti- 
tion of the draft riots. Debarking on the 21st, it encamped on 
Madison Square, remaining there with no call for service till the 
11th of September, when the steamer Salvor took it back to Wash- 
ington. Locating at Camp Barry, the battery remained there till 
the. close of the year. During this time an almost entire recon- 
struction of the roster of officers occurred. First Lieutenants Farrar 
and Hartwell resigned on tlio 29th of September and 5th of Octol)cr 
respectively; Captain Davis was promoted to be assistant adjutant 
general of volunteers October 7; Second Lieutenant Critchett 
died of disease at Lowell October 30, and Second Lieutenant Mc- 
(Jurdy, promoted to first lieutenant, resigned January 9, 1864, after 
liis c-nnnission as captain had been issued. As reconstructed, omit- 
ting some preliminary changes, the new list of officers was : Captain, 
Newman W. Storer ; first lieutenants, Charles H. Williams and James 
W. Bean; seconds lieutenants, Samuel W. Benson and Charles S. 
Robinson. Benson was of Tewksbury, the others of Lowell. 

The battery remained at Camj) Barry till the 24th of January 
when it took cars to Baltimore, embai'king on the 26th on the 
steamer Arago for Louisiana, sailing the following day. The Cres- 
cent city was reached February 5, and the command went into 
quarters at Apollo Stables. During the following month it was at- 
tached to General G rover's Division (the Second) of the Nineteenth 
Corps, and March 19 crossed the Mississippi river and loaded the 
guns upon cars under orders for Brashear City. The order was 



I 



THE SEVENTH HATTERY. 825 

chanjicd, however, and the Seventh went into camp at Algiers till 
the 2Tth, when thoy reci-osscd to New Orleans, taking passage on 
the steamer Luminary lor Alexandria, where they arrived on the 
olst. Except that one section was stationed at Pineville, the bat- 
tery remained at Alexandria inactive till early in May, when it began 
a series of movements which continued intermittently during the 
entire season. The I'our i»ieccs in camj) were embarlced on two 
small steamers May 4 as ))art of a force under (Jeneral Nickerson 
intended to clear the river of guerrillas below Alexandria; but 
after going as far as Wilson's Plantation and learning that a strong 
force was posted further down the attempt was aljandoncd. 

A movement in force toward the Mississippi river began on the 
11th, the battery being united and accompanying its division, taking 
part without loss in an engagement at Mansura on the lllth, con- 
tinuing the mai'ch next day to Simmsport, and thence to Morganza 
Bend on the Mississippi where the division encamped. On the 29th 
the battery joined an exjjedition under General Lawler to Lavonia 
and the Atchafalaya river, i-eturningto Morganza on the 2d of June. 
One section went by steamer on the 20th as part of an expedition 
nnder (icueral Grover to Turnica Bend and Fort Adams, getting 
back to camp on the 22d, but apart from this the battery rested in 
camp till the 13th of July. It then took passage on the steamer 
Colonel Coll)urn to the mouth of the White river in Arkansas, 
changed to the America and continued its journey to St. Charles, 
Ark., where it landed and encamped on the 23d. On the 6th of 
August it went aboard four small steamers and sailed back to Mor- 
ganza Bend, encamped there from the 13th to the 3d of September, 
when it returned to St. Charles, reaching there on the 11th and re- 
maining without incident till October 23. It then proceeded by 
steamer to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., where two sections debarked and 
were ])osted, while the other returned to St. Charles, and thus dis- 
posed they remained till the end of the year. 

The battery embarked on the steamer Rescue January 10, 1865, 
and on the loth landed at Kennerville, La., and went into camj) till 
the Oth of February, whem it again took steamer, sailing aboard 
the St. Mary to Dauphin Island, Ala., where it landed, forming part 
of the army gathering for o])eration against Mobile. The movement 
began on the 17th of March, when the battery crossed the l)ay and 
was attached to the First Division, Thirteenth Corps. Slow march- 



826 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ing through heavy rains took the division into position in front of 
Spanish Fort, seven miles east of Mobile, on the 27th, and the bat- 
tery engaged the fort for some two hours that day, having three 
men wounded. The fort and its supporting works being so strong 
as to require siege approaches, the position of the battery was 
strengthened and it operated from various j^oints against the enemy 
till the 8th of A})ril. That day the fort was captured hy the Union 
soldiers, and the Seventh Battery was at once ordered to Blakely, 
where its division had already gone to assist in the reduction of the 
fortifications at that point. One section of the battery went into 
position that night, and next day opened fire, having one man killed, 
the works in front being carried by assault. This success on the 
part of General Canby led to the evacuation of Mobile by the Con- 
federates, and on the 15th the battery took the steamer White Cloud, 
crossed into the city and went into camp. 

The movements of the command which followed were long and 
numerous, but bloodless. Steamer Colonel Cowles was taken on 
the 20th and the battery reached Selma, Ala., on the 27th, going 
thence to Montgomery, where it rested from the 30th till May 9, 
when it broke camp and marched to Providence Landing on the 
Alabama river, sailing thence by steamer to Mobile and going into 
camp at Spring Hill on the 16th. On the 30th of June it left for 
Galveston, Tex., sailing on the steamers N. P. Banks and Montauk, 
reaching that port July 3. It remained there till the 9th, when it 
moved to Houston, stopping for a time, but returned to Galveston, 
turned over its equipment and prepared to return to Massachusetts. 
Delays ensued, and the command did not leave New Orleans till 
October 14, when it sailed on the steamer Guiding Star. The vessel 
grounded on the bar at the mouth of the river that evening, and 
was not floated till the 19th, when it once more got under way. On 
the 22d a severe gale came on, increasing to a tempest the following 
night, the steamer getting into the trough of the sea and the 'men 
working the pumps for 36 hours, when, the wind having abated, the 
vessel put in to Port Royal for coal, finally reaching New York on 
the 2d of November. The soldiers of the battery arrived at Boston 
the next day, going into camp on Gallop's Island in the Harbor till 
the preparations for their muster out were completed. That event 
occurred on the 10th, and two days later they were paid off and 
discharged, after a service of over four and a half years. 



THE EIGHTH BATTERY. 



THE Eighth Battery of Light Artillery was organized in re- 
sponse to the call of the President of the United States on 
the 26th of May, 1862, for the active militia of Massachu- 
setts to be sent forward at once, the call being due to the danger 
felt at Washington owing to the defeat of General Banks in the 
Shenandoah Yalley. On the following day Captain Cook, who had 
commanded the First Battery during the three-months' term of 
1861, was authorized to raise a battery for six months. In three 
days 40 men were sworn into service, and encamped at Camp Came- 
ron, North Cambridge. Additional squads were mustered almost 
daily till the ranks were filled, and on the 25th of June, with guns, 
horses and equipments complete, the command set out for Washing- 
ton. The officers were as follows : — 

Captain, Asa M. Cook of Somerville; first lieutenants, Charles ^I. 
Grilfin of Boston and John N. Coffin of Somerville; second lieuten- 
ants, James AY. Garland of Boston and George W. Evans of Somer- 
ville; sergeant major. James W. Kirk of South Scituate; first ser- 
geant, Daniel W. Mcrritt; quartermaster sergeant, Harry D. Little- 
field, both of Boston. 

A serious disaster occurred during the journey to the capital. A 
little distance beyond Trenton, N. J., the train left the track, several 
of the cars being thrown into the canal; two men and 13 horses 
were killed, several other men were injured, and much of the bat- 
tery property was destroyed. The command returned to Trenton 
to refit where it was most kindly entertained till ready to I'esume 
the journey on the 27th. On reaching Washington it remained 
near the railroad till the 1st of July, when it crossed Long Bridge, 
being assigned to Cook's Brigade of Sturgis's Reserve Corps, and 
till the 8th of August encamped near Fairfax Seminary. It was 
then detached under orders to join General Burnside's Ninth Corps, 



828 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and marched to Alexandria, where it took steamer to Accjuia Creek, 
marching thence to Fahnouth, opposite Fredericksburg, where it 
joined the corps, being assigned to General Stevens's Division. It 
remained in camp from the 11th to the 14th, when it marched to 
join the Army of Virginia under General Pope, then located near 
Culpeper, and on the 17th took position near the right of the army. 
From the 20th to the 23d the battery guarded Barnett's Ford while 
the army was falling back to the Rappahannock, one section being 
detached and engaged in a skirmish at Sulphur Springs at the same 
time. In the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run, the bat- 
tery took part with its division, and again at Chantilly, without loss. 
In the battle of South Mountain, on the 14th of September, the 
Eighth, still attached to the First Division, Ninth Corps, then com- 
manded by General Willcox, was posted in an exposed position at 
the left of the Union lines, and suffered its greatest loss of men in 
action, having one killed and four wounded. At the battle of An- 
tictam it also took an active part. On the 17th it occupied several 
positions on each side of the Antietam, receiving hearty commen- 
dations from General Willcox for its efficient service. During the 
following night it held a position on the west side of the creek, 
being probably the only battery of General Burnside's left wing on 
tha' side, and maintained its i)osition till late the next day, when it 
was relieved, having lost but one man wounded. 

After the battle it encamped near the Potomac at the mouth of An- 
tietam Creek till the 5th of October, when it was ordered to Wash- 
ington to exchange its armament for guns of longer range, but being 
unable to do so returned to the Army of the Potomac in season to take 
])art in the advance into Virginia. A detachment from the company 
while returning through Maryland captured several members of 
Stuart's cavalry with some recruits for his command, and consider- 
able contraband property, all at the house of a disloyal Marylander. 

It accompanied the Army of the Potomac for a few weeks, but 
soon after General Burnside took comnmnd,the term of enlistment 
having about expired, the battoy was ordered to Washington where 
it was mustered out of the United States service and set out for 
Massachusetts November 29. One change only occurred in the ros- 
ter of officers during the period of service; Lieutenant Gritlin re- 
signing on the 20th of September, each junior officer being pro- 
moted and Sergeant Major Kirk being made second lieutenant. 



THE NINTH BATTERY. 



THE Ninth Light Battery was recruited during- the summer of 
lSC)-2, its officers being commissioned July 31 and August 6 
and most of the men being mustered on the 10th of the hitter 
month. For a time the rendezvous was at Camp Stanton, Lynnlieki, 
though .hiter at Camp Meigs, Readville. On the 3d of September it 
left for Washington, with the following officers and a full comple- 
ment of enlisted men : — 

Captain. Achille De Yecchi of Boston; first lieutenants, Christopher 
Eriekson of l^oston and Alexander H. Whitaker of Roxbury; second 
lieutenants, George Warren 1-^ostcr of Charlestown and Richard Swctt 
Milton of West Roxbury; f]uartcrmaster sergeant, James W. Reed, Jr., 
of West Roxbury; first sergeant, George H. Prescott of Boston. 

The battery arrived at Washington on the Tth, and on reporting 
to General Casey in command of the defenses was assigned to Camp 
Seymour on Capitol Hill, where it remained for two weeks. It was 
then ordered to Camp Chase on Arlington Hights in Virginia and 
located there till the 27th of October, when camp was shifted across 
the river to Camp Barry, near the BladensburgToll Gate, where the 
command was vigorously drilled in artillery tactics. The location 
was again moved across the Potomac on the 19th of November, and 
within a few days the right section was quartered at Fort Buffalo 
and the rest of the battery at Fort Ramsay, — the latter at Upton's 
Hill and the former a mile beyond at the crossing of the Lecsburg 
Turnpike. Here as part of the Twenty-second Army Corps it re- 
mained, with an occasional movement through the surrounding coun- 
try, till the spring was well advanced. Captain De Vecchi, who as 
an artillery officer had seen much service in Europe, resigned Janu- 
ary 26, 1803, and was succeeded by John Ijigelow of Brighton. 

The battery moved to Centerville on the 17th of April and re- 
mained there till the Gettysburg campaign, when it broke camji and 



830 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

on the 25th of June marched to Fairfax Court House, going thence 
by way of Edwards Ferry and Frederick City to Taneytown, Md., 
which it reached on the 30th. It was at that time attached to the 
First Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve of the Army of the 
Potomac, Lieutenant Colonel McGilvrcy commanding, the other 
batteries of the brigade being the Fifth Massachusetts, Fifteenth 
New York and Independent Battery of Pennsylvania. On the 2d of 
July it marched to Gettysburg and took part in its first battle, being 
placed in support of the Third Corps at the left of the Union lines. 
As that corps was forced back in the battle of the afternoon, it was 
among the last of the artillery to retire, and on reaching the angle 
of two stone walls was ordered to hold the position to the last 
moment to give time for the formation of a line in the rear. In 
effect, Captain Bigelow was ordered to sacrifice his battery to save 
the others, and nobly responded to the demand. 

The guns had been fired by prolonge till this point was reached, 
when a Confederate brigade having closed in on both flanks and 50 
of the battery horses having been killed, four of the guns were 
necessarily abandoned, such of the artillerists as could do so ex- 
tricating themselves from the enveloping lines of the foe. The 
guns, were later regained under cover of the fire from the reformed 
batteries in the rear. The loss of the command was very severe, 
11 having been killed or mortally wounded, including both first 
lieutenants ; 16 were wounded, and two were taken prisoners. Lieu- 
tenant Erickson was killed on the spot, and Lieutenant Whitaker 
received wounds of which he died on the 20th. The battery was 
left with but one commissioned officer and one sergeant for duty; 
yet it was engaged the following day on Cemetery Hill, meeting a 
further loss of five horses. 

From Gettysburg to the winter quarters of the Army of the 
Potomac at Brandy Station, which were reached December 3, the 
battery accompanied the army in all its marchings back and forth, 
including the attempted Mine Run campaign; but it was not in 
action during all these wanderings. To fill the vacancies in the 
roster of officers, the two second lieutenants were advanced to first 
lieutenants, and the quartermaster sergeant and first sergeant were 
made second lieutenants. Up to the close of the year 1863, eight 
recruits had been received and the loss from all causes had been 39, 
reducing the original membershij) of 146 to 115. With this well- 



THE NINTH BATTERY. 831 

disciplined force the Ninth set out upon the spring campaign of 
1864. It was at that time attached to the Third Brigade of Reserve 
Artillery, Major Robert H. Fitzhugh commanding, the associate bat- 
teries of the brigade being B and C of the Eleventh New York, 
Battery H, First Ohio, and E, Fifth United States. 

The camp at Brandy Station was quitted on the 4th of May and 
the battery during the day crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford. As 
next to no artillery was employed on either side during the battle 
of the Wilderness, the Ninth were not engaged, but the battery was 
detached from the reserve and was in position during the battle ))ro- 
tecting the supply trains and the camj); one man was wounded. It 
was not till the 16th that it rejoined the reserve, and on the follow- 
ing day, having been reduced to a four-gun battery, it reported to 
the Artillery Brigade of the Fifth Corps, commanded by Colonel 
Wainright. From that time to the 21st it formed part of the line 
of the Fifth Corps in front of Spottsylvania, but was not engaged. 
. Moving southward on the 21st in company with the First Divis- 
ion, the battery reached the North Anna the following day, and on 
the 23d crossed at Jericho Ford, taking part in the engagement 
which followed, having one man killed. After remaining in position 
till the 25th, it was relieved and the day following recrosscd at 
Quarles Ford. On the 27th the Pamunkey was crossed near Han- 
over Town, and on the 30th the battery moved across Totopotomy 
Creek and was in action during the fighting of that afternoon. It 
moved to the vicinity of Bethesda Church next day, and to the 
Mechanicsville Road on the 2d of June, where it engaged and silenced 
a Confederate battery which had an enfilading lire on the Union 
line. Three days later the Fifth Corps was withdrawn from the 
right of the Union line and took position in reserve at Cold Harbor, 
pending the movement across the James river. 

In this change of position the Fifth Corps took the advance, and 
after crossing the Chickahominy deployed across the roads leading 
toward Richmond, while the ether corps in the rear pushed for the 
James. In carrying out this program the Ninth set forth on the 
evening of the 11th and reached Wilcox Landing on the James the 
13th. That river was crossed the 16th, a night march followed, and 
the battery halted in front of Petersburg on the 17th. It was 
sharply engaged on the Baxter road, near the Avery House — the 
left of the Union line — on the 18th. when it covered the advance of 



832 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the charging brigades of the Fifth Corps, in the general attempt to 
advance the Union lines, the battery talcing and holding a position 
for three days within 500 yards of the Confederate inner line, and 
having a loss during the day of two killed and five wounded. 

The Ninth were on the 21st assigned to the Thh'd Division, Fifth 
Corps, (Pennsylvania Reserves,) General Crawford commanding, 
and on the 24th took position in a redoubt on the Jerusalem road, 
directly in the rear of which Fort Davis was being constructed. 
This position was occupied till the 12th of July with a loss of but 
one man wounded, when, Fort Davis having been completed, the 
battery took position within it, commanding the ground to the left 
of the Plank road. It was relieved from garrison duty there on the 
1-lth of August, and on the 18th moved with its division to the 
Weldon Railroad, going into battery between the Second and Third 
Divisions of the Corps and becoming engaged that afternoon, with 
a loss of one wounded. That night the position was intrenched, 
and the battery assisted in repulsing the two attacks of the follow- 
ing day. The nature of the ground being unfavorable to the Union 
lines, which narrowly escaped a disastrous flank attack by General 
Mahone's Division on the 19th, a stronger position was taken to the 
rear, where on the 21st a heavy attack was repulsed, the battery 
being in action some three hours. On the 2d of September it joined 
in a reconnaissance by its division and a cavalry force toward the 
Southside Railroad, and on the 3d was located in Fort Dushane, a 
fortification near the Weldon Railroad at Globe Tavern, or Yellow 
Tavern, named in honor of Colonel Dushane, commander of the 
Maryland Brigade, killed in the battle of the 21st of August. 

The Battery was at this time commanded by Lieutenant Milton, 
Captain Howard being absent on leave from August 10 to December 
12. On the 30th of September it accompanied a column to Peebles 
Farm, but was not engaged, and on returning resumed its quarters 
in Fort Dushane, but October 6 relieved the Eleventh Massachusetts 
Light Battery in Fort Howard, some .distance to the right and in 
the front line of works. On the 27th it went with Crawford's Divis- 
ion to Hatcher's Run and assisted in covering the withdrawal of a 
part of the Second Corps, when it returned to camp near Globe 
Tavern and was once more made a six-gun organization. It was on 
the 2d of December assigned to General Ayers's Second Division, 
Fifth Corps, and on the 7th started on a railroad-destroying trip south- 



THE HINTII 1',ATTKI:Y. 833 

ward, followinji' tlic line of the Wcltlni rnnd beyond tlie Nottaway 
river. Returninu- to canip near Yellow Tavern, tlie Ijattei-y on the 
12th welcomed back Captain Jjigelow, and a week later went into 
winter rjnartcrs near "Red House," the guns being for a time j)lac('d 
in Fort Rice, in the line of works held by the Ninth Corjis. After re- 
maining there a few weeks they were I'eturned to the camp of the cais- 
sons, and through the winter alternated between the two locations. 

During the year the l)a'tery had gained 50 in numl)ers, G9 recruits 
having been received, while the total losses had been but 19. Soon 
after returning to the command of the battery, Captain Bigelow, 
who had received the brevet of major, resigned on account of ill- 
health, as did Second Lieutenant Prcscott, followed a month later, 
January 16, 18G5, by Second Lieutc>nant Reed. To fill the vacancies 
thus created, Lieutenant Milton was i>r(jmoted to captain : First 
Sergeant George Murray of Boston was made second lieutenant and 
soon after first lieutenant; George Booth, Jr., of Boston was ap- 
•pointed from civil life, anil William Park, Jr., of Boston was j)ro- 
moted to (ill the second lieutenancies. 

The Ninth left Fort Rice on the 4th of February and the day fol- 
lowing went with the corps to Hatcher's Run, being absent six days 
and suffering much from the stormy weather, but taking no active 
part in the engagements. On the 23d the command was further 
strengthened by the addition of the detachment left behind by the 
First Massachusetts Battery when its term of service expired. 

From the 4th to the 27th of March the battery occupied Fort 
Rice, when it was transferred to the xVrtillery Brigade of the Ninth 
Corj)s, commanded by Colonel Tidball, and took position in the lines 
manned by that corps. During the final sti-uggle before lVtersl)urg 
on the 1st and 2d of April it had an active part, though without 
casualties. On the 3d, after "turning in" two of its guns, it joined 
in the pursuit of the retreating Confederates, going as far as Nott- 
away Court House, where it stopped for a fortnight. It then re- 
turned by way of Petersburg to City Point, and became once more a 
part of the Artillery Reserve of the Army of the Potomac, a few 
days later marching to the vicinity of Washington. 

It left for Massachusetts on the 1st of June, reaching Boston on 
the 3d and going into camp on Gallop's Island. The command was 
mustered out of the service on the 6th by Captain Krwutinger of 
the United States Army, and paid and disbanded on the Uth. 



THE TENTH BATTERY, 



THE Tenth Light Battery was authorized by a special order of 
Governor Andrew dated August 12, 1862, Henry H. Granger 
being designated as the recruiting officer, the company to be 
filled by the 16th. Two recruiting offices were opened in Boston, 
and in a few days the quota of 156 men was complete. On the 23d 
the command went into camp at Lynnfield, remaining there for a 
few days when it was transferred to Camp Stanton at Boxford, 
where on the 9th of September, it was mustered into the United 
States service by Lieutenant Elder. Captain Sleeper, promoted from 
a lieutenancy in the First Battery, arrived on the 29th and took com- 
mand, the roster of officers being as follows : — 

Captain, J. Henry Sleeper; first lieutenants, Henry H. Granger and J. 
Webb Adams, all of Boston; second lieutenants, Asa Smith of Ipswich 
and Thomas R. Armitage of Charlestown; first sergeant, Otis N. Har- 
rington of Brookline; quartermaster sergeant, S. Augustus Alden. 

Leaving Boston on the 14th of October with his full complement 
of men and 110 horses. Captain Sleeper proceeded by way of the Old 
Colony Railroad to Fall River, taking the steamer State of Maine 
thence to Jersey City and resumed cars tor Washington via Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore, reaching the national capital during the 
night of the 15th, and going into quarters at Camp Barry near the 
Bladensburg Toll Gate on the 17th. Here the organization was 
completed and the command drilled during the remainder of the 
fall, receiving their armament of six three-inch rifled Rodman guns 
on the 17th of December. 

Marching orders were received on the 26th, and the following morn- 
ing the command set out by easy movements for Poolesville, which 
was reached on the 28th, the battery going into camp in the vicinity 
of the Thirty-ninth Massachusetts and Fourteenth New Hampshire 



THE TENTH BATTERY. 835 

Rcg-iments, with a small force of cavalry near by. Stables were 
built and a comfoi-taltlc camp was laid out, named Cam)) Davis, in 
honor of the colonel of the Thirty-ninth, in which the Tenth re- 
mained without notable incident till sprinu'. Then the two infantry 
regiments were withdrawn, leaving the cavalry and the battery the 
only troops at that point except that two regiments, the Tenth Ver- 
mont and the Twenty-third Maine, were scattered along the Potomac 
at the different fords. The battery then moved on the 18th of 
April, 1863, to Camp Heintzelman, a mile from the village, locating 
in new quarters, the center section under Lieutenant Smith being 
early in May sent to Edwards Ferry, where it took position com- 
manding the crossing and the mouth of Goose Creek in the opposite 
sliore. With an occasional alarm and the linal assembling of the 
entire battery on advantageous ground the time passed till June 24, 
when the small force in the vicinity of Poolesville marched u|) the 
Potomac and on the 26th joined the command of General French 
■opposite Harper's Ferry. 

General French had now an independent force of some 11,000 
men, with which he was required by the authorities at Washington 
to hold that point, which force General Hooker, commanding the 
Army of the Potomac, then moving northward in quest of the Con- 
federate army under Lee, desired to add to his army. Not receiving 
the authority to do so. Hooker resigned his command, General Meade 
was appointed his successor and given permission to do as he pleased 
with French's garrison. He did exactly what Hooker had wished to 
do, — so far as to withdraw the force from Maryland Hights ; but 
instead of adding them at once to the Army of the Potomac left 
the main body at Frederick City, employing about a third of the 
command as train guards between there and Washington. So it 
was that late on the 30th of June the Ten!h Battery in a drenching 
rain set out on the march which next day ended at Frederick, the 
battery with the Tenth Vermont Regiment and some cavalry going 
next day to the Junction, some three miles distant, where the rest 
of Morris's Brigade soon gathered, for the protection of the rail- 
road bridge at that point. 

This service was of short duration, as two sections were sent back 
to the city on the 6th of July for provost duty, and on the 8th the 
battery with the other troops of General French's command was 
assigned to the Third Corps of the Army of the Potomac, then 



836 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

passing- tlirougli the city toward Williamsport. General French 
took temporary command of the corps, and Captain Sleeper was 
placed in charge of the corps supply train. Without heing engaged, 
or taking any prominent part, the battery marched to Williamsport, 
shared in the disappointment at the escape of the Confederates; 
then turned down the river, crossing into Virginia at Harper's Ferry 
on the 19tli and making its way southward as the army moved. 

The Third Corps, the Tenth Battery included, was thrown into 
position at Manassas Gap on the 23d, in the expectation of a battle, 
but it proved that only a small force of the enemy had been posted 
there. They withdrew during the night and the Federal column 
resumed its march next day, finally halting near Warrenton, the 
battery accompanying the corps on the 31st to Sulphur Springs; 
where a camp was established near the Rappahannock and occupied 
till the middle of September. Then a forward movement began on 
the 15th, the Union army crossed the Rappahannock and on the 
ITth the battery came to a halt near Culpeper, where another sea- 
son of inactivity ensued. On the 10th of October it was suddenly 
ordered into line of battle, owing to the movements of the Confede- 
rate army, and the following day began the northward movement 
which resulted from the maneuvering of the two armies, — that of 
Lee to get between the Union army and Washington and of Meade 
to prevent that purpose being consummated. 

It was during this period that the Tenth first went into action on 
the 13th near the little hamlet of Auburn. As the head of the 
column approached the place it Avas fired upon from the woods near 
the highway, and the battery, being the one nearest the scene, was 
hurried into position to rake the forest with canister. A few rounds 
drove the small force of the enemy^ — a part of Stuart's cavalry — 
from the scene, and the march was resumed, the Tenth having lost 
two men severely wounded. The fortifications about Centerville 
w^ere reached and occupied by the Union army next day, realizing 
which, General Lee began to retire, and after waiting till satisfied 
of the fact, Geueral Meade follovred on the lOtli, but not very 
rapidly, as the Southern army had destroyed the railroad while in 
their possession, and it had to be repaired as the Federal troops ad- 
vanced, to furnish a means of communication with the base of sup- 
plies at Alexandria. The battery reached Catlett's Station on the 
21st and went into camp there till November 7. 



I 



THE TENTH BATTERY. 837 

Camp was then broken and the Tenth acconijjanied the Third 
Corps as part of the left column in the movement against the 
enemy's position at Kelly's Ford, while the right wing of the army 
captured the outposts at Rappahannock Station. The river was 
reached about noon, and soon after the battery was placed to com- 
mand the village of Kelly sville and the vicinity. It soon became 
engaged, not only driving back a Confederate battery which oi)cned 
upon it but rendering good service in the general fighting which en- 
>;ued, the Union troops crossing the river in force and advancing next 
day to Brandy Station, near which the corps halted and the battery 
went into camp, the enemy having fallen back across the Rapidan. 

Tbc l)attery took ])art in the Mine Run expedition, leaving camp 
early in the morning of the 26th, reaching Robertson's Tavern 
about noon of the 28th, going into position with its corps in front 
of the enemy at Mine Run, and opening with its guns at the time 
appointed for the general assault. But the attack was not made, 
and with the other troops the Tenth returned to the old camp near 
Brandy Station, having suffered greatly from the severe cold and 
the other hardships of the march. In this camp the winter passed. 
Thus far since joining the Army of the Potomac the Tenth had 
been connected with the First Division of the Third Corps, General 
Birney commanding. In ])repa ration for the spring campaign of 1864 
the army was consolidated to three corps, the Third being abolished, 
and under that arrangement the battery found itself attached to Gen- 
eral Hancock's Second Corps, of which General Birney's command 
formed the Third Division, and Captain Sleeper elected to follow 
the fortunes of his division commander in the new organization. 

During the winter some changes had occurred in the company, 
and (|uite a number of new recruits had been received. First Ser- 
geant Harrington had died of disease at Washington July 30, 1863, 
Charles E. Pierce of Brookline succeeding to the office; Lieutenant 
Armitage resigned February 6, 1864, and Quartermaster Sergeant 
"William E. Rollins was promoted to the vacancy, the latter being 
in turn succeeded by W. H. Fitzpatrick of Boston. On the 8th of 
xVpril, owing to the consolidation, the camp of the Tenth waschanged 
to near Stevensburg, andjon the 22d jtart was taken in the general 
review of the army by General Grant. 

The marching orders opening the campaign of 1864 came on the 
3d of Mav, and at 8 o'clock that evening the batterv moved out some 



838 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

four miles and parked. During the 4th tlie Rapidan was crossed at 
Ely's Ford by the Second Corps, and that night bivouac was made 
on the Chancellorsville battle-field. Todd's Tavern was reached 
before noon of the 5th, and the corps was resting there when it was 
summoned back to the battle of the Wilderness. The battery took 
position near the crossing of the Brock and Orange Plank roads, 
on what was known as Poplar Neck Ridge, about the only point in 
Hancock's lines where artillery could be placed, save at the plank 
road itself. Its position was changed several times within the nar- 
row limits possible, but it was only once slightly engaged. During 
the forenoon of the 6th a hostile battery suddenly opened fire from 
the edge of the woods opposite, which the Tenth returned so vigor- 
ously as to dismount one gun and drive the rest out of position. 

The battery accompanied the Second Corps to Spottsylvania and 
was called upon for active work in connection with the retreat of 
the corps from the south side of the river Po on the 10th. Having 
itself returned from the other side, it was put in position to assist 
in covering the withdrawal of General Barlow's Division, though 
unable to render very effective service owing to the close quarters 
at which the engagement across the river was being fought. It was, 
however, under severe fire, and in addition to several horses had one 
man killed and two wounded. During the night of the 11th the 
battery spent much of the time making its tedious way through 
darkness and mud to the Brown House, but did not take part in the 
conflict at "the Angle," though under fire, losing one man wounded 
and moving from point to point during the day in the heavy rain. 
Next day the drivers brought off a gun and five caissons which had 
been captured by General Hancock. 

From that time till the 20th, the battery was in motion every day 
and picked its way over much of the region to the left of the Brown 
House, to which point it generally returned ; but it was not further 
engaged. At this time, in common with the other light batteries 
of the army, it was reduced to four guns, the pieces of the center 
section being " turned in." On the evening of the '20th. the south- 
ward march was resumed, the North Anna being reached on the 
22d. The Tenth at once went into battery at a favorable point over- 
looking the river and joined in an artillery duel with a Confederate 
battery, blowing up a limber chest and driving away the guns. Late 
on the 23d the Tenth crossed the river under fire, remaining there 



THE TENTH BATTERY. 839 

three days, and on the morning of the 27th moved southward, its 
corps forming the rear of the army. The Pamunkey was crossed 
on the 28th, and on the 30th the battery went into position at 
Jones's Farm, losing one man killed by a sharpshooter. For two 
days this position was held with considerable activity on the part of 
the guns, when the order was received to set out for Cold Harbor. 

The battery, after a hard night's march, reached the left of the 
Union linos during the forenoon of June 2, and after waiting some 
time for orders relieved a New Jersey battery, the movement being 
made under fire and the Tenth becoming immediately engaged. 
After dark the guns were advanced to the front line of works, oc- 
cupied by Gibbon's Division, and soon after half-])ast 4 the next 
morning the right piece was fired as the signal for the assault upon 
the enemy's work. The general attack and the repulse were over in 
a few minutes, but the artillery did not cease, the Tenth firing all the 
forenoon, expending all their ammunition and using that of another 
battery. Their guns also joined in the repulse of the night attacks 
made by the Confederates, and next morning were ordered still 
further to the front and left ; where behind strong defenses at the 
angle of the works the battery was located nearer to the hostile 
lines than any other Federal artillery. This position was held with- 
out casualty during the rest of the time spent before Cold Harbor, 
the sobriquet of " Saucy Battery " being bestowed upon the Tenth 
on account of its location and the zest with which it improved every 
opi)()rtunity to make its mettle felt. 

The march to the left was resumed on the night of the 12th, and 
during the afternoon of the 15th the James river was crossed at 
Wilcox Landing on the Winnissimmet, formerly a Boston and Chel- 
sea ferry-boat whicli many of .the men quickly recognized. The 
following evening the Tenth went into battery in front of Peters- 
burg, and during the ITth, by direction of General Birney, fired 
probably the first shells thrown into the city. From time to time 
the guns were moved to the front till during the night of the 19th 
they were placed on a hillside within 250 yards of the enemy's works 
— a very critical situation owing to the incessant sharpshooting. 

From this point they were withdrawn on the afternoon of the 
21st, and soon after moved westward toward the Jerusalem road, 
where on the afternoon of the 22d the Confederates ])enctratcd be- 
tween the Second and Sixth Corps and inflicted considerable loss 



840 irASSACIIUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

upon the former. The battery was in the reserve line, and awaited 
an attack, but the Confederates were satisfied with the partial suc- 
cess they had attained, and a period of comparative inaction fol- 
lowed. Some two weeks later the battery moved back toward the 
right, and remained in reserve till the 26th of July, when it crossed 
the Appomattox and the James on ponton bridges, landing near 
Deep Bottom, taking part in the engagement of the next day, and 
returning to Petersburg on the night of the 29th. The old camp 
was reoccupied till August 18, when another movement was made 
across the Appomattox at Point of Rocks, the Tenth parking within 
General Butler's lines near Bermuda Hundred and taking no part 
in the operations across the James. On the 21st they returned to 
camp, but immediately moved to the left in support of the movement 
of the Fifth Corps against the Weldon Railroad at Reams Station. 

Early in the morning of the 23d the Tenth broke camp, crossed 
the railroad at the station and took position in the works on both 
sides of the Dinwiddle road. Here they remained till the 25th, 
when the disastrous engagement with the Confederates under Gen- 
eral Heth resulted in the capture of the four guns of the battery, 
after a stubborn fight in which all the ammunition was expended, 
54 of the 59 horses were killed or disabled, one caisson only being- 
saved, and the command suffering a loss of 29 men out of less than 
70 taken into action. Of that number, five were killed or mortally 
wounded, 19 taken prisoners, several of whom died in captivity, and 
four othei's wounded, including Captain Sleeper severely in the arm. 

After this decimation and the loss of their guns, the Tenth en- 
cam[)ed at the rear till a new outfit could be obtained. On the 20th 
of September, the horses and equipments having been previously re- 
ceived, a detail went to City Point and brought back the new guns, — 
four three -inch Parrotts. Four days later at evening the command 
went to the front, relieving a battery of regulars and taking position 
just east of Fort Morton, in Battery XIV, to the right of the Con- 
federate salient blown up on the 30th of July. During this month 
and the following, 25 recruits were received, and in October the 
Tenth was again made a six-gun battery by the addition of two more 
Parrotts. During this time its pieces remained in the redoubt, taking 
an active part in the continuous cannonading by day and night. 

At night of the 24th the battery was relieved by tlie Eighth Ohio, 
and drew quietly to the rear, halting near the Norfolk Railroad. 



THE TENTH n ATT Eli Y. 841 

Gil)l)()n's and Mott's Divisions of ihe Second Corps wore to make 
another attempt to extend the Union lines to the left, and on the 
2Gth tlie cohimn moved to Globe Tavern on the Weldon Railroad, 
from which on the 27th it pushed to the southwest till the IJovd- 
town Plank road was reached,, near the junction of the Dabney's 
Mill road. Here the Tenth halted, the skirmishers having encount- 
ered the enemy ; but in a short time Lieutenant Granger, command- 
ing in the absence of Captain Sleeper, was ordered into action, tak- 
ing position near the junction of the White Oak road a half-mile 
away. There it Confronted Confederates with artillery located to 
the west, up the White Oak road ; but just then a force of the enemy 
was seen making for the Union right flank and threatening the 
bridge over Hatcher's Run. The center section under Lieutenant 
Smith was sent to pay attention to this force and soon expended its 
available ammunition, when it was ordered by General Egan to re- 
tire ; having withdrawn his guns Lieutenant Smith reported the fact 
to his battery commander, when he was struck down by a mortal 
wound from which he died on the 29th. 

\\\ the mean time the four guns had been assailed in the rear bv 
a strong Confederate force which threatened to cut them off 
altogether. Almost surrounded, the unshrinking gunners lircd to 
the rear and then to the flank till their ammunition was exhausted, 
when Lieutenant Granger took the responsibility of attemi»ting to 
withdraw his guns and save them from capture. This he succeeded 
in doing, reaching the caissons and securing a fresh supply of am- 
munition, when the battery again took ])osition, under artillerv (ire 
to which it was not allowed to respond. At this time Lieutenant 
Granger was mortally wounded, dying on the 30th, and the com- 
mand was left without a commissioned officer. Lieutenant Smith of 
Battery K, Fourth L^nited States Artillery, being detailed to take 
temporary command. Just l)efore midnight the company withdrew 
from the field, having, in addition to the two officers, lost one man 
killed and two wounded, seven horses and one gun disaljled. The 
battery returned to Globe Tavern that night, the following day to 
the old camp, and on the 29th quarters were taken in Foit Steven- 
son. One section was presently detached to Fort Blaisdell. near l)y, 
and with this disj)osition some time was passed uneventfully. Cap- 
tain Sleeper, who had received the bievet of majoi-. returned to the 
command oi the battery. Lieutenjint Adams, who had been on de- 



842 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

tached service, also came back, and Second Lieutenant Rollins was 
advanced to junior first lieutenant. Milbrey Green of Dorchester, 
who had been a lieutenant for three years in the First Massachusetts 
Battery, and Sergeant George H. Day of the Tenth were commis- 
sioned second lieutenants, thus filling the roster once more. 

On the 8th of December the command was relieved by a New 
York battery and took the location vacated by the latter near Poplar 
Spring Church. The next day another movement to the left was 
begun, but after marching two or three miles the Tenth halted in 
the woods owing to a storm, and after a very uncomfortable night 
there returned to the intrenchments, being assigned to quarters in 
Forts Emory and Siebert. This disposition continued till the 5th 
of February, 1865, when the battery was called under the command 
of Lieutenant Adams (Captain Sleeper being absent on leave) to 
accompany the Second Division, Second Corps, commanded by Gen- 
eral Smythe, which with the Third Division moved out by the 
Yaughan road to the vicinity of Hatcher's Run. Here the battery 
went into ])osition, the three sections at different points, and late in 
the afternoon the Confederates in force attacked and attempted to 
turn General Smythe's right flank. The left and center sections of 
the battery under command of Lieutenants Adams and Green were 
enabled to deliver an oblique and enfilading fire which was very 
•effective. Three separate charges of Mahone's Confederate Division 
were repulsed within an hour, dliring which the two sections fired 
nearly 300 rounds and received high commendation from all sources 
for the skill and energy of the assistance rendered. Three horses 
were lost during the battle but not a man of the company was 
severely injured. 

A severe storm set in next day, and great discomfort resulted, but 
the fighting went on. The Fifth corps made an attempt to extend 
the Union lines to the left, but an impetuous attack threw the troops 
into disorder, and an attack upon the Second Corps followed, but 
was repulsed. The Union lines Avere then extended and fortified 
from Fort Gregg to Hatcher's Run, and some 600 yards to the rear 
of the spot where it had done such valiant service a fortification 
known as "Battery E" was erected for the special occupancy of 
the Tenth. Yery complete quarters were at once constructed, and 
occupied for several weeks. Captain Sleeper resigned and bade 
adieu to his command on the 27th, Lieutenant Adams was promoted 



THE TENTH BATTERY. S4.3 

to the captaincy, and othci- ])r()ni«)tions folloAvcd in order, First Ser- 
geant George M. Townsend being made junior second lieutenant. 

About the middle of March the Tenth Avas again reduced to a 
four-gun battery in preparation for the spring campaign ; but the 
movement did not begin till the 29th, when the guns were posted in 
front of what had been the lines of the Union army, the Second 
Corps was extended to the left and began to feel its way forward. 
Several changes of position were made by the battery, but it was 
not till the morning of Ajtril 2 that from the Boydtown road it 
opened fire upon the Confederate works. As the enemy began 
to leave, Mott's Division pressed forward and soon had p()ssessi(.)n. 
About noon the battery passed through the works and at night 
bivouacked near Petersburg. Next morning it was off on the trail 
of the retreating Confederates, and from that time till the surrender 
it accompanied the Second Corps in the direct pursuit, often opening 
fire but meeting with no serious resistance. The last shots were 
fired at sundown of the 7th a few miles beyond Farmville, when two 
shells abandoned by the enemy Avere lired back to their former 
owners — the last shots fired by the artillery of the Second Corps. 

After the surrender of the. southern army the battery marched 
back to Burkesville Junction where it went into camji on the 14th, 
remaining till the 2d of May. Then the march was taken up via 
Richmond and Fredericksburg to Bailey's Cross Roads, near Wash- 
ington, where camp was established on the 13th and the command 
remained some two weeks. Following the grand review in Wash- 
ington, orders were received to turn in the guns and horses: only 
one of the latter being of the 110 that had come from Massachu- 
setts nearly three years before. On the 2d of June the command 
took cars for home, readiing there in due time and going into camp 
on Gallop's Island till the 14th, when the men were paid and mus- 
tered out, becoming peaceful citizens once more. 



THE ELEVENTH BATTERY. 



THE Eleventh Light Battery was the only artillery organization 
sent forth under the nine-months' call. It was recruited in 
and about Boston, organizing at Camp Meigs, Readville, and 
was mustered into service on the 25th of August, 1862, with this 
list of officers : — 

Captain, Edward J. Jones; first lieutenants, Lucius Cummings and 
Isaac Pierce, all of Boston; second lieutenants, Edward P. Morrill of 
Boston and John P. Sawin of Roxbury; sergeant major, George W. 
Booth of Watertown; quartermaster sergeant, Frederick M. Marsh of 
Boston. . , 

Leaving camp on the 3d of October, the company reported to 
Washington for orders and was at first sent to General Casey's 
Division and stationed at Camp Barry near Bladensburg Toll Gate, 
D. C. On the 19th of November it was assigned to General Aber- 
crombie's command at Hall's Flill, Va., where it was stationed till 
the 28th, when it reported to Colonel Randall, commanding the 
Third Vermont Brigade at Fairfax Station. The following day the 
brigade advanced to Union Mills, picketing the line from Wolf Run 
Shoals to Centerville. Colonel Randall was soon relieved in the 
command by Colonel D'Utassy, and the latter on the 1st of Febru- 
ary, 1863, by General Alexander Hays. During the winter, the 
brigade having no cavalry attachment, the company, in connection 
with the Keystone Battery, frequently acted as cavalry, scouting 
through the surrounding country. The troops being increased in 
numl)er after General Hays took command, the Eleventh were as- 
signed to duty as garrison of the two principal forts on Centerville 
Hights, but still continued to furnish details for scouting and re- 
connoitering. 

The command was relieved by Captain Sleeper's Tenth Battery 
on the 18th of April, and reported for service at Upton's Hill where 



THE ELFA'KNTll BATTERY. 845 

it remained in <;-arris(in at Forts Riimsey and Buffalo till the 23d of 
May, when it reported to Brigailior (General Barry at Washinnton, 
turned over the government property and set foi-th for Massachu- 
setts, not having lost a man from any cause during its nine months 
of service. I^oston was reached on the 28th, and the day following 
the battery was mustei'ed out of the national service, resuming its 
position as a portion of the First Division of Massachusetts Militia. 

THE THin:i:-YKAns' term. 
During the winter of 18t)3-4 the battery was reorganized and 
enlisted for three years, again occupying Camp Meigs for the pur- 
pose. It was mustered on the 2d of January, 18G4, with the fol- 
lowing roster of ollicers: — 

Captaiu, Edward J. Jones of Boston; first lieutenants, Edward P. 
Morrill of Boston and George AV. Booth of Cambridge; second lieu- 
tenants, AVilliaui Woodsum of Boston and George W. Sanliorn of 
Ch:irlestown ; quarterniMster sergeant, George T. Breed of Boston; 
first sergeant, Edward E. Souther of Chelsea. 

The command left Readville on the 5th of Fel)ruary for Washing- 
ton, where it went into camp till the 9th of April, when it was as- 
signed to the Ninth Corps, then reorganizing at Baltimore, being 
attached to the Second Division. Passing through Washington on 
the 2")th. the battery thenceforth shared the fortunes of the corps 
to which it was attached, taking part in all its engagements. At 
North Anna it was attached to General Hancock's command while 
the action there was in progress, and during the siege of Petersburg 
it did faithful and arduous work from the beginning to the close. 
Its casualties were few. Two men were killed and three wounded 
from the 19th to the 22d of June, three more were wounded during 
July, and in August Lieutenant Woodsum received a disabling 
wound, from the effects of which he resigned five months later, 
Sergeant Souther being promoted. Lieutenant Morrill was dis- 
charged September 5 on account of disability and was succeeded by 
Harry D. Littlelicld of Roxbury. 

The battery reported to (General AVarren commanding the Fifth 
Corps on the 19th of August, and took part in the battle for the 
possession of the Wcldon Railroad on the 21st and 22d, being with 
the First Alassachusetts Cavalry on the left of the Federal line. 
From this time forward it was faithfully in the front lines Ijefore 



840 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Petersburg, shifting its position occasionally, the opening of the 
final struggle finding it located in Fort McGilvrej and Battery V, 
between the City Point Railroad and the Appomattox river. After 
dark of the 24th of March, 1865, the command was relieved for 
three days' rest and retired to Fort Gibbon or Friend, a small work 
some 500 or 600 yards to the rear. Before daylight of the follow- 
ing morning Captain Jones became aware that the enemy had pen-, 
etrated the Union lines, and with the "first light saw a body of them 
moving against Fort Haskell, upon whom he at once opened with 
his full battery of three-inch rifled guns. A line of skirmishers 
moving toward his own position was also held in check b}' discharges 
of cannister till infantry were in readiness to drive it back. The 
conduct of the battery was warmly commended by Colonel Tidball, 
commanding the Ninth Corps artillery, in his report of the affair. 
After the fall of Petersburg the Eleventh was the first of three 
batteries from the corps selected to follow the retreating Confeder- 
ates, and upon the surrender at Appomattox it was detailed with 
others to take charge of the surrendered cannon. After the return 
of the victorious Union armies to Washington the light artillery 
were among the first troops ordered out of service, and this com- 
mand, having returned to Massachusetts a few days previous, was 
mustered out at Readville on the 16th of June. 



THE TWELFTH BATTERY. 



THE Twelfth Light Battery \vas recruited at Camp Meigs, Read- 
villo, during the autumn and early winter of 1862, the mus- 
tering of detachments l)euinning late in October of that year 
and continuing at intervals till the command was filled. About the 
close of the year it received orders to join the forces of General 
Banks at New Orleans, and on the 3d of January, 1863, sailed on the 
transport ship E. Wilder Farley. Its ollicers were as follows: — 

Captain, Jacob sillier of Brookliue; first lieutenants. Joseph R. 
Salla and Edwin M. Chamberlain, both of Boston; second lieutenant, 
Charles AV. Weeberdf Boston; quartermaster sergeant, Philip N. Ham- 
mond of Quebec; first sergeant, John M. Campbell of Boston. 

The voyage lasted a month, owing to storms and delays, and the 
command landed at New Orleans February 3, being quartered at 
Apollo Stables till near the end of the month, when it was removed 
to Baton Rouge, equipped with field pieces and took position in the 
defenses of that city. A month was passed there when the com- 
pany returned to New Orleans and was quartered on the Race 
Course, and on the 8th of April was mounted and equipped as a 
cavalry command. This arrangement only lasted till the 17th, how- 
ever, when the horses were turned over and the battery was ordered 
to Brashear City and was for some five weeks engaged in the de- 
fense of transports moving to and from that station. On the 23d 
of May it returned to New Orleans, making its quarters at Bernard's 
Stables, where it was again supplied with guns and equipped as a 
light battery. Early in June Lieutenant Chamberlain with a de- 
tachment of men was ordered to Fort Banks, and he was in com- 
mand of the post during his stay; but on the 22d of July he was 
ordered back to the battery, which was then stationed at the Canal. 
Two detachments which had been at Port Hudson durintr the siege 



848 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

returned to the main body about the same time. Ag-ain the battery 
returned to New Orleans September 20, being stationed at Tivoli 
Circle, but on the loth of October went up the river to Port Hud- 
son. During this time Lieutenants Salla and Weeber had been dis- 
missed and Sergeant Hammond promoted to a second lieutenancy, 
and the following winter he was advanced to first lieutenant, while 
Sergeants Campbell and Norton S. Salisbury of Wrentham were 
made second lieutenants. 

The long stay of the battery at Port Hudson was marked by no 
event of great importance ; detachments frequently went out on 
foraging expeditions, reconnaissances and the like, but met no casu- 
alties. The most important of these was on the 6th of May, 1864, 
when the command accompanied a regiment of infantry and one of 
cavalry to drive back a force of the enemy which had advanced 
within six miles of Port Hudson. The purpose was easily accom- 
plished by Colonel Fundy, commanding tbe expedition. Twenty-five 
men of the Twelfth were mounted and detailed as cavalry to keep 
the vicinity clear of guerrillas, during the summer; there were 
other like details, and many duties fell to the lot of the command, 
more or less trying in their nature, all of which were faithfully per- 
formed ; but except a few skirmishes and the part taken by its de- 
tachment at Port Hudson during the siege, the battery was in no 
engagement. It was mustered out July 25, 1865. It should be 
said regarding the large number of desertions from this organiza- 
tion that a part of the company was recruited by brokers, who 
naturally gathered the most worthless material. In this command, 
as in others, the brave men who enlisted from patriotic motives and 
faithfully served their country should not and will not suffer for 
the faithlessness and worthlessness of others. 



THE THIRTEENTH BATTERY. 



THE Thipteenth Light Battery was enlisted during the fall and 
early winter of 1862, its rendezvous being at Camp Aleigs, 
Readville. The enlisted men were mustered at various times, 
and the commissions of the ptlicers with one or two exceptions bore 
date the 3d of November. The roster at the time of entering the 
service was as follows: — 

Captain. Charles H. J. Hamlin of Charlestown; first lieutenants, 
Timothy W. Terry of New Bedford and Ellis L. Motte of Boston; 
second lieutenants, Robert C. Nichols of Boston and Charles B. Slack 
of Newton: quartermaster sergeant, Benjamin F. lliggins of Tops- 
tield; first sergeant, George B. Hall of Boston. 

The command received orders to report to New Orleans, and left 
Boston the 20th of January, 1863, by the sailing transport De Witt 
Clinton. After encountering a succession of heavy gales, the ship 
put in at Fortress Monroe about the 8tli of February, the battery 
having lost some 60 of its horses from the rough treatment to which 
they had been subjected during the storms and the lack of suitable 
provision for their comfort. The command was then disembarked 
and remained for some six weeks in camp at Camp Hamilton, near 
Hampton, when it once more set sail and after a long voyage, ag- 
gravated by calms and other delays, rea(5hed New Orleans on the 
10th of May and was quartered at the Apollo Stables Barracks. Re- 
cruits were obtained from those regiments in the vicinity whose time 
had nearly expired, bringing the company up to its standard in num- 
bers, and it remained encamped at the Stables till early in June, a 
detachment of 40 men under Lieutenant Terry being for a portion 
of the time posted at Fort Banks, eight miles above on the right 
bank of the ^lississippi. This detachment was recalled on the 4th 
of June, and the day following the company, having turned over 
its horses to the Twelfth Massachusetts Battery, sailed on the 



850 3IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

steamer Anglo-American for Springfield Landing, whence the day 
subsequent it marched to the head-quarters of General Banlcs before 
Port Hudson. Next day the company was divided into two wings, 
each of which took charge of four siege mortars, the right half 
under Captain Hamlin being stationed near the left center of the 
lines of investment, while the left wing under Lieutenant Terry took 
position at the extreme right. For 31 days the fire of the mortars was 
maintained, till the surrender of tlie city, when the command was re- 
united and went into camp inside the lately hostile works. Here the 
men suffered severely from sickness, so that when or.dered to a new 
field of duty the company had no more than 50 able-bodied members. 

Captain Hamlin was ordered to Boston on detached duty August 
27, and Lieutenant Terry resigning soon after, the battery was left 
in command of First Lieutenant Motte. To fill the vacant lieuten- 
ancy those in commission were advanced one step. Second Lieuten- 
ant Nichols being made first and a vacancy remaining at the foot 
of the list. The command was ordered to New Orleans on the 31st, 
reaching which place its history as a separate organization suffers 
a lajise of several months, the enlisted men being attached to the 
Second Massachusetts Battery, Captain Nims, while the commis- 
sioned officers were assigned to duty in various directions. As an 
auxiliary of Nims's command, the men took part in the Bayou Teche 
expedition from September 19 to November 18, when camp was 
pitched at New Iberia, whence on the 8th of January, 1864, the 
command went into winter quarters at Franklin. Nims's Battery 
'having been recruited, the men of the Thirteenth were on the 17th of 
February transferred to the Sixth Massachusetts, Captain Phelps, 
and again on the 6th of March to Battery L, First United States 
Artillery. 

With the latter command they marched on the 15th to take part 
in the Red River expedition under General Banks, its first engage- 
ment with the enemy being at Pleasant Hill April 9, where.four men 
of the battery were wounded and one was made ])risoner. Ten days 
later it was again engaged at Cane River Crossing, and on the 13th ^: 
of May at Marksville Plains. On the 29th of June it once more 
reached New Orleans and went into quarters at Apollo Stables. 
Captain Hamlin having returned to Louisiana, the command re- 
ported to him at Greeneville, July 1, where it was furnished with 
four guns, horses and equi])ments,and became once more an organi- 



Till': TlllllTEEN'ill BATTKllY. 8.")1 

■/.at ion. n'siiiniii'j drill, and two months later cluumini:' localion to 
(.'ani]) Parapet, where it remained lor a long- time. During- the early 
autumn months sickness wrought havoc with the company, and 
many died. 

The suhsequent history of the organization is not imjjortant. It 
remained in Louisiana, performing such routine duties as were as- 
signed to it, but having no part in any engagements after the return 
of the Red River ex]iedition. Jjieutenant Motte resigned on the 
9th (jf March, 18G4, and the vacancy was filled l)y advancement, 
Second Lieutenant Slack being made first, and the vacant second 
lieutenancies were only filled in the spring of 1865, when First Sei'- 
geant Chauncey R. Sias of Boston and Sergeant James M. Lincoln 
of Taunton were commissioned to date fi-om the 8th of February. 
The battery returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out July 
28, 1865, Captain Hamlin being dishonorably dismissed the service 
the day following. None of its members were killed in action, died 
from wounds or in Confederate prisons, but it suffered severely from 
desertions, losing thus nearly one-third of its total membership. 



THE FOURTEENTH BATTERY. 



THE Fourteenth Light Battery was organized during the win- 
ter of 1863-4 at the camp in Readville, most of the officers 
being commissioned on the 25th of February and the enlisted 
men being mustered the 27th. It left the state on the 4th of April, 
going first to Annapolis and thence to Washington, where it was 
assigned to quarters at Camp Marshall. The roster of its officers 
was as follows : — 

Captain, Joseph W. B. "Wright of Boston; first lieutenants, Samuel 
J. Bradlee of Boston and Samuel Chapin of South Hudley; second 
lieutenants, Albert George of Lowell and Ephraim B. Nye of New 
Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, Albert S. Walker of Boston; first 
sergeant, Matthias J. Moore of Boston. 

No sooner was the battery supplied with horses and guns than 
without an'^' opportunity for drill it was ordered to the Ninth Corps, 
then on its way under command of General Burnside to join the 
Army of the Potomac in the spring campaign against the Army of 
Northern Virginia under General Lee. These orders were received 
on the 25th of A.pril, and next morning the company crossed Long 
Bridge and reported to General Stevenson, commander of the First 
Division, Ninth Corps, to whose division the- battery was attached. 
Rappahannock Station was reached on the 30th, and the corps rested 
there till the Army of the Potomac was under way, when on the 4tli 
of May it crossed the river in its front, continuing on to the Rapidan 
which was crossed at Germania Ford. The corps halted near the 
ford, and its artillery had no part in the battle of the Wilderness 
which followed, but when the Union army moved southward toward 
Spottsylvania, passing Chancellorsville, the nature of the country 
changed, and cannon thenceforward played their usual part in the 
battle scenes. 



THE FOURTEEJ^TU BATTERY. 853 

The Fourteenth dolivei-orl its first shots at the enemy across the 
river Nv on the 10th and that afternoon crossed tlic river and took 
up a position which was held till the following mornin<r. It was 
then relieved and rested for a day, but on the 12th returned and 
soon after became sharply engatred, being under a severe fire and 
exposed to a charge bjt which it was for a time feared the guns would 
be captured ; l)ut the battery fought heroically, repulsing the enemy 
and losing l)ut four men wounded. Two others were wounded later 
in the fighting before Spottsylvania, and on the 21st the command 
joined in the march toward the North Anna. That river was reached 
on the 23d and next morning the battery went into action, being 
engaged more or less during the four days on which the armies con- 
fronted each other at that point. On the withdrawal of the ct)rps 
on the 27th, the Fourteenth with a regiment of infantry formed tlie 
rear guard of the column. The Famunkey was crossed near Han- 
over Town the 29th, ne- 1 day the command moved to Totopotomy 
Creek, where it was reduced to a comj)lement of four guns, and on 
the 31st took position confronting the enemy. 

Toward night of the following day an attack was made on the 
Union lines at that point, and the battery had an important part in 
its repulse, winning much credit, as it also did at Bethesda Church, 
to which point it moved on the 2d of June and at once engaged 
in the fighting going on there and which continued during most of 
the following day. The Ninth Corps was then drawn to the left, 
forming part of the line at Cold Harbor, to which point the battery 
marched on the 4th, going to the front and taking position under 
fire on the 6th, from which time till the close of the siege opera- 
tions it took an active part, though meeting no fatal casualties dur- 
ing all of this time. 

The movement toward the James river began on the evening of 
the 12th. A forced night's march took the command to TunstalFs 
Station on the Richmond and York River Railroad, the Chicka- 
hominy was crossed on the 14tli and the James on the morning of 
the loth, the battery encamping for a day at Windmill Point on the 
south bank. Thence on the 16th, marching by way of City Point, 
it went into park near Petersburg that evening. The next day it 
was actively engaged from several positions, silencing an opposing 
battery and blowing up one of its caissons. It was not again in 
action until the 21st, when it entered ui)on a four-days' engagement, 



s.-,4 MASSACIIUtiETTS IN THE WAR. 

having two men killed and one wounded. On the 27th the battery 
drew back to Prince Georg-e Court House, and on the 30th moved to 
the extreme left of the lino near the Weldon Railroad and went into 
position. No engagement occurred at that point, and on the 2d of 
July the Fourteenth withdrew to the Norfolk Railroad and encamped. 

They went to the front again on the 9th, and were for eight days 
constantly engaged, with a loss of but two men wounded, so com- 
plete were the defenses against the enemy's fire. From that time 
till the close of the month the battery was stationed at various 
points, and when the preparations were made for the explosion of 
the mine on the morning of the 30th it was designated as the first 
field artillery to follow the column of assault as soon as it should 
have penetrated the enemy's works. As the works were not carried, 
the battery could not accomplish its assigned part. During the 
month of August it was in the front lines, engaging the enemy's 
batteries on the 5th and 21st. At the latter engagement it suffered 
its most serious loss thus far, an explosion of a Confederate shell 
in a limber chest killing two men outright and wounding four, two 
of them mortally. At other times during the month it was at 
various points in the rear and on other duty, being on the 1st of 
September detached from the Ninth Corps and assigned to the Re- 
serve Artillejy of the Army of the Potomac. 

After a month in camp-on the City Point and Prince George 
Court House roads without notable experience, the battery was as- 
signed to the Second Army Corps on the 1st of October and the 
two sections were located at different points in the defenses for some 
weeks. On the 2 oth they were changed to Fort Merriam in the de- 
fenses of City Point, where the early part of the winter passed. 
January 15, 1865, the battery was assigned to the Sixth Corps, 
which had but recently returned from the Shenandoah Valley, and 
went into camp near Warren Station on the Weldon Railroad. It 
took position in Fort Welch, at the extreme left of the lines Feb- 
ruary 9, remaining there till the 15th of March, when it was ordered 
back to the Ninth Corps, and returned to Meade's Station, the right 
section being placed in Battery X, a part of Fort Stedman, and the 
left in Battery XIV, near Fort Haskell. 

Fort Stedman was surprised and captured on the morning of the 
25th, so suddenly that the section located there had time to fire but 
a single round, when the Confederates seized the guns and captured 



THE FOURTEENTU BATTERY. S55 

most of the gunners. Lieutenant Nve, conHnandino; the section, 
was killed at his post, and four of the enlisted men were wounde([, 
two of whom were among the 11 captuicd. One of the guns had l)een 
disabled at the first discharge, while the other was tem|)oi-arily 
turned upon the startled Union soldiers in the vicinity; hut at 8 
o'clock the fort was recaptured and the guns were remanncd l)y the 
cannoneers of the Fourteenth. From this time to the close of the 
struggle both sections were active, esjjecially during the night of 
the 29th, when another attack was expected, the location of the 
section in Battery X being so close to the enemy's line that it could 
sweep the opposite works with cannister. 

Dui'ing the sharp fighting of the 1st and 2d of April the bat'ery 
rendered very eflficient service. On the morning of the 3d, Peters- 
burg having been evacuated, the command withdrew from the works 
and next day went into camp with the Reserve Artillery at City 
Point. There it remained for a mouth, when it marched by way of 
Richmond and Fredericksburg to near Fairfax Seminary, where it 
encamped from the loth of May to the -Ith of June. The welcome 
orders to return to Massachusetts were then I'eceived — the last 
march of the Fourteenth was made to Washington and cai"s were 
taken for hoiii(>. Readville was reached on the 0th and on the loth 
the command was mustered out of service, being paid on the 24th. 



THE FIFTEENTH BATTERY. 



THE Fifteenth Light Battery was recruited during the winter 
of 1862-3, partly in the camp at Lowell and partly at Fort 
Warren in Boston Harbor, for three years, and was mus- 
tered into the national service at various dates, but principally on 
the 17th of February, 1863. This command also was unfortunate 
in a portion of its material, many of the men taking the first op- 
portunity to desert and thus throwing an undeserved stigma upon the 
faithful soldiers who remained true to their enlistment. The company 
sailed from Boston March 9 in the ship Zouave, by way of Fortress 
Monroe for New Orleans, the roster of officers being as follows: — 

Captain, Timothy Pearson of Lowell; first lieutenants, James W. 
Kirk of Boston and Albert Rowse of Lowell ; second lieutenants, 
Lorin L. Dame of Lowell and Harry D. Littlefield of Boston; quar- 
termaster sergeant, Edward D. Morrill of Lowell; first sergeant, 
Samuel Bright of Boston. 

New Orleans was reached April 9 and the company found quar- 
ters at the Apollo Stables, on the outskirts of the city. On the 
20th of May, before it had been fully equipped as a battery, it was 
directed to turn in its horses and proceeded to Brashear City; but 
after remaining there something like a week it was returned to New 
Orleans and shortly after was detailed to garrison two small forts, 
each armed with four 32-pounder guns in barbette ; one at Gentilly 
on the Pontchartrain Raili'oad and the other on an island command- 
ing the bayou road to Lake Pontchartrain. In these forts, some 
five miles from the city, the command passed the summer. Lieu- 
tenants Kirk and Littlefield resigned on the 26th of September, 
Dame was advanced to first lieutenant, the vacancies were filled by 
the promotion of Sergeant^Morrill and the commissioning of Ser- 
geant Joseph S. Grush of Lowell as second lieutenants. From the 
20th of May to the 20th of the following February the battery was 



THE FIFTEEN Til B A TTEE Y. 857 

commanded by the senior first lieutenant, Captain Pearson being 
absent. On the 29th of Deeember it left the forts, and January 
2, 1804, embarked on the steamer Kate Dale, fitted with six guns 
and used as a gunboat, taking part in the expedition to Madison- 
ville under Colonel Kimball of the Twelfth Maine. 

The Fifteenth remained aboard the steamer till the 15th of Feb- 
ruary, when they landed at Lakeport, returned to New Orleans, and 
on the 5th of May removed to Terrell's Press, where they were 
stationed till the 17th of October. At that time the command, 
again under Lieutenant Rowse, took steamer up the Mississippi to 
the mouth of White river, Arkansas. In that vicinity, changing 
camp several times, the battery remained till the 7th of November, 
when it ascended White river 190 miles to Duvall's Bluff, remaining 
there for 20 days. It then sailed to Memphis, landed there on the 
2d of December and staid till the 1st of January, 1865. The com- 
pany having received many recruits, and being above the standard 
of membership, the surplus was shortly afterward transferred to 
the Sixth j\Iassachusetts Battery. Kennerville, La., was reached 
January 5, and at that place the command encamped till the 13th 
of February, when camp was changed to Greenevrlle, and a week 
later the battery embarked at Hikok's Landing on Lake Pontchar- 
train and sailed to Mobile Bay, where it remained three days, whence 
going to Barrancas, Fla., it reported to General C. C. Andrews, com- 
manding the Second Division, Thirteenth Corps, and was attached 
to his division, in i)reparation for the movement against Mobile. 

The division marched to Pensacola March 11, where the force 
under General Steele was assembling, and on the 20th the movement 
northward by the Escambia river began. The battery with the ac- 
companying troops arrived before Fort Blakely on the 2d of April, 
and took an active part in the siege operations which followed, re- 
sulting in the surrender of the stronghold on the 9th. For their 
part in this affair the battery and jts commander. Lieutenant Rowse, 
were highly complimented by General Andrews. On the 20th the 
Fifteenth accompanied the division on transports uji the Alabama 
river to Selma, remained there till the 11th of May and then re- 
turned to Mobile. The guns and horses were "turned hi" on the 
30th of June and the command repaired to Fort Gaines in Mobile 
Bay. Thence on the 201 li of July it embarked for Massachusetts, 
arrivino- at Readville Auuust 1 and bein«r mustered out on the 4th. 



THE SIXTEENTH BATTERY. 



THE Sixteenth Light Battery was the last organization of that 
arm of the service to be sent out by Massachusetts. Its ren- 
dezvous was at Camp Meigs, Readville, where most of the 
men and the officers were mustered on the 11th of March, 1864. 
An addition to bring the number of men up to the full complement 
was made on the 4th of April, and on the 17th orders were received 
to proceed to Washington. The roster of officers was as follows : — 

Captain, Henry D. Scott of New Bedford; first lieutenants, Lewis 
V. Osgood of Charlestown and Philip T. Woodfin, Jr., of Marble- 
head; second lieutenants, James McCullum of Boston and Alouzo B. 
Langley of Brookline; quartermaster sergeant, James S. Savage of 
Boston; first sergeant, Anson S. Comee of Hard wick. 

Leaving Massachusetts April 19, the command reached Washing- 
ton on the 21st, where by direction of General Howe, inspector of 
artillery, it reported to Major James A. Hall at Camp Barry. 
About a week later it was supplied with three-inch guns and with 
horses and equipments, going on the 14th of May to Fort Thayer, 
one of the fortifications to the northeast of Washington, located 
near the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Here it re- 
mained but eight days, when it was relieved and returned to Camp 
Barry ; the horses and guns were turned in a few days later, and 
on the 1st of June the batterymen reported at Fort Lyon, southwest 
of Alexandria, one section going to Fort Weed, the command be- 
coming a part of the garrison of those forts and devoting them- 
selves to heavy artillery drill. 

As General Early's army approached Washington by way of 
Maryland, some six weeks later, the command was ordered to Fort 
Reno, Tennallytown. Leaving Fort Lyon at night of July 10, the 
Sixteenth went by rail to Washington and marching thence to their 
destination reported to General Harding, by whom they were as- 



THE SIXTEENTH BATTERY. Soi» 

sigjicd to Fort Kearny, and remained there till the airival of the 
Sixth Corps from the Army of the Potomac and the battle in front 
of Fort Stevens caused the withdrawal of Early's forces. On the 
12tli the battezy reported ^gain to Major Hall at Camp Barry to be 
remounted, the following day drew four light 12-pounders with 
horses, and with the exception of a march to Fort Stevens and an 
immediate return on the 2d of August, remained at Camp Barry 
till September 5. It was then ordered to report to Albany, N. Y., 
and set out at once, reaching its destination on the afternoon of 
the 7th. Reporting to the assistant provost marshal. General 
Townsend, it was quartered in the Troy Road Barracks and re- 
mained there till the 16th of November. 

At that time orders were received to return to Washington, and 
on the morning of the 19th the battery re-entered the familiar quar- 
ters at Camp Barry. A week later two more 12-pounders were 
issued to the company, completing the armament, and on the 6th of 
December the Sixteenth crossed Long Bridge into Virginia, report- 
ing to Colonel William Gamble commanding the First Separate 
Brigade, Twenty-second Corps, at Fairfax Court House. There the 
head-quarters remained, one section being sent to Vienna and one 
to Fairfax Station, the winter and spring passing with no more 
notable event than a march to Loudon Valley during March, 1865, 
accompanying the Eighth Illinois Cavalry. 

Preparations for the return of the battery to Massachusetts began 
on the 17th of June, when the preliminary orders were received. The 
guns, horses and other government property were taken to Washing- 
ton on the 18th and " turned in," and the following day the home- 
ward journey began. Readvillc was reached on the 22d, but it was 
not till the 13th of July that the men were paid and discharged. 



THIRD BATTALION OF RIFLES. 



THE Third Battalion of Rifles, at the outbreak of the rebellion, 
had its head-quarters at Worcester, two of the three com- 
panies being located in that city and the other at Holden, 
the towns in the vicinity being generally represented in the ranks 
of the latter. To these Company D, recruited in Boston on the 19th 
of April, 1861 , was afterward attached, the entire battalion being 
made up and officered as follows : — 

Major, Charles Devens, Jr.; adjutant, John M. Goodhue; 'quarter- 
master, James E. Estabrook; surgeon, Oramel Martin; sergeant major, 
Arthur A. Goodell; quartermaster sergeant, George T. White, all of 
Worcester. 

Company A, City Guards of Worcester — Captain, Augustus E. B. 
Sprague; first lieutenant, Josiali Pickett; second lieutenant, George 
C. Joslin; third lieutenant, Orson Moulton; fourth lieutenant, Elijah 
A. Harkness. 

Company B, Holden Rifles — Captain, Joseph H. Gleason; first lieu- 
tenant, Phineas R. Newell, both of Holden; second lieutenant, Edward 
E. Devens of Charlestown; third lieutenant, Samuel F. Woods of 
Barre; fourth lieutenant, George Bascom of Holden. 

Company C, Emmet Guards of AVorcester — Captain, Michael P. Mc- 
Conville ; first lieutenant, Michael O'Driscoll ; second lieutenant, 
Matthew J. MeCafferty; third lieutenant, Thomas O'Xeill; fourth lieu- 
tenant, Maurice Melvin. 

Company D, Boston — Captain, Albert Dodd ; first lieutenant, 
Charles Dodd; second lieutenant. Cornelius G. Attwood; third lieu- 
tenant, George A. Hicks; fourth lieutenant, Joseph Nason. 

Major Devens was directed on the 20th of April to report at 
Washington with his three companies at once, and at 5 o'clock that 
afternoon the battalion stood in line in the streets of Worcester 
ready for the departure. The command was addressed by the mayor 
of the city and others, and that evening took cars for New York, 
where it arrived early the following morning. It was entertained 
at the armory of the Seventh New York Regiment during the day, 






THE THIRD BATTALION OF lilFLES. . 861 

being visited and addressed by Senator Sumner, and that evening 
took the transi)ort Ariel for Annapolis, reaching there on the morn- 
ing of the 24th. There the battalion remained till the 2d of ^fay, 
when it was ordered to garrison Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, and 
went thither by steamer, reaching the fort next morning. 

Comi)any D was meantime being equipped, drilled and disciplined 
at Boston, and on the 2d of May it left that city on the steamer 
Cambridge under .sealed instructions, not to be opened till Boston 
Light was passed. These directed the cai)tain to proceed by way 
of Fortress Monroe and the Potomac to Washington, expressing 
the wish of Governor Andrew that "the ship Cambridge shall reach 
Washington and demonstrate that a Massachusetts ship manned 
with Massachusetts men, shall be the first ship to arrive by that 
route, as our Sixth Regiment was the first to arrive at Washington, 
through the hostile city of Baltimore." These instructions were 
strictly carried out, and the company was the first organization to 
-reach the capital by that route. After remaining at Washington 
12 days it was sent to join the battalion at Fort McHenry, and on 
the 19th of May the four companies were mustered into the gov- 
ernment service. 

The history of the battalion was marked by no notable event. 
The men were drilled in handling the heavy guns and in infantry 
tactics, winning much praise for their good conduct, and at the re- 
quest of General Dix, commanding the department, remaining two 
weeks after the expiration of their term. Major Devens was mean- 
time promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifteenth Regiment and Ad- 
jutant Goodhue to a captaincy in the regular army. The command 
returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out on the 3d of 
August. It was commanded by Captain Sprague after the promo- 
tion of Major Devens, and during its service lost two men by death 
from disease. 



THE FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. 



THE First Company of Sharp-shooters, generally known as the 
Andrew Sharp-shooters, in compliment to the governor of the 
Commonwealth, was recruited at Lynnfield during August, 
1861, and left for the front on the 2d of September, being mustered 
into service on that day. The commissioned officers of the com- 
pany were : — 

Captain, John Saunders of Salem; first lieutenant, William Gleason 
of Lexington; second lieutenant, George C. Gray of Salem. 

. The enlisted men were 98 in number, and were armed with the 
telescopic rifle, each man providing his own weapon. These, while 
very heavy, were considered the most efficient rifles then known. 
They weighed from 20 to 70 pounds, and were necessarily fired from 
a rest. They were made by gunsmiths in various sections of the 
country to suit the individual, the one feature in common being that 
each was i)rovided with a telescopic tube running the length of the 
barrel, at the front of which fine threads were crossed, allowing great 
nicety in sighting. The rifles were muzzle loaders, shooting a coni- 
cal ball used with a patch and propelled with a very heavy charge 
of powder ; an expert in their use could load, aim and fire about 
once in two minutes. 

On reaching Washington the company was, by request of Gover- 
nor Andrew, assigned to General Lander's Brigade, then forming 
part of General Stone's Corps of Observation near Poolcsville, Md. 
Their first experience with the enemy was in a skirmish near 
Edwards Ferry on the 1st and 2d of October, the results of which 
were eminently satisfactory to the riflemen. On the second day some 
40 of the sharp-shooters, posted behind a fence, unaided checked 
the advance of a Confederate regiment. The company had a part 
in the subsequent operations in that vicinity, extending through 



THE FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. 863 

most of the montli, and wlion General Lander left the bri<>'adc to take 
command of the division posted on the njjper I'otomac near Rom- 
ney the shar)>-shooters accompanied him, being familiarly known 
as his body <iuard. After his death in ]\Iarch, 1802, the company re- 
mained for a time under General Shields, his successor, beinp; nomi- 
nally attached to the Third Brifjade, Colonel E. B. Tyler commanding?. 

Soon after the openintr of the Peninsular campaig-n the command 
was ordered to report to the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, then 
forming part of the First Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps. 
General Sumner commanded the corps, General Sedgwick the divis- 
ion, and Colonel Alfred Sully the brigade, which consisted of the 
First Minnesota, Thirty-fourth and Eighty-second New York, in ad- 
dition to the Fifteenth, with the Russell Company of Sharp-shooters 
of Minnesota. On joining the regiment in front of Yorktown the 
comjjany was at once i)ut into service to annoy the Confederate gun- 
ners, and won much commendation for the skill displayed during 
the siege which followed. The marksmen themselves escaped with 
few casualties, having but three or four men wounded during the 
entire Peninsular campaign. In that, as in subsequent campaigns, 
the routine of the comjjany was identical with that of the regiment 
to which it was attached. 

Important changes occurred among the officers during the early 
part of 1862. First Lieutenant Gleason resigned on the 8d of April 
and was succeeded by William Berry of Boston. On the 80th of 
May Second Lieutenant Gray resigned, John L. Pcrlcy being com- 
missioned to the vacancy. The latter resigned July 12 and was 
succeeded by Henry Martin of Newbury )iort, all of the promotions 
being of sergeants. At Antietam. on the 17th of September, the 
company went into the battle with the regiment and suffered severely, 
having ten killed and 17 wounded, among the former being Cai)tain 
Saunders and First Lieutenant Berry. Second Lieutenant Martin 
took command of the rem;iant of the com))any. He was in due 
time promoted to be first lieutenant and L. Emerson Bicknell of 
Boston succeeded him as second lieutenant. 

The company had become reduced to 18 men present for duty 
when on the 9th of December William Plumer of Cambridge, who 
had been commissioned captain, arrived with 40 recruits. On "the 
11th. while the engineers were attem])ting to lay the l)ridges at 
Fredericksburg, the shar))-shooters were placed along the northern 



804 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

» 

bank of the river to oppose the southern marksmen who were firing 
upon the bridge-builders. After the bridges were completed the 
company crossed and remained that night on picket near them; ad- 
vancing into the town next morning, the command remained there 
for 24 hours, till on the morning of the 13th the preparations were 
being made for the attack on the bights. It then accompanied the 
Fifteenth Regiment into the fields in the rear of the city, but was 
presently withdrawn and deployed from the Gordon house to the 
cemetery to give its attention to the Confederate artillerists, which 
it did with effect during the afternoon. At night the company with- 
drew to the city, and remained there till the troops recrossed the 
river, when it returned to the camp formerly occupied, having lost 
but two wounded during the battle. 

On the 17th of April, 1863, the company was detached from the 
Fifteenth Regiment, of which it had been practically a part, and 
whose routine duties it had shared, and was attached to head-quarters 
of the Second Division, Second Corps. At the battle of Chancellors- 
ville that division, commanded by General Gibbon, laid bridges and 
crossed the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg in co-operation with 
General Sedgwick's Sixth Corps, and the sharp-shooters were sent 
across on the 3d of May and again on the 4tli to assist the skirmish- 
ers, but met no loss. The company then returned to its camp on the 
north side of the river, and while there First Lieutenant Martin re- 
signed his commission. 

On the 9th of June, the picket lines of the Sixth Corps on the 
south bank of the river near Deep Run, below the city, being much 
annoyed by the enemy's sharp-shooting, Captain Plumer with ten 
men went to the scene. The following day Lieutenant Bicknell 
with a larger force went over, and after a day or two of sharp prac- 
tice forced the Confederates to ask for a cessation of picket firing. 
The position across the river was soon after abandoned, and the 
entire Union army moved northward, the sharp-shooters accompan}^- 
ing the Second Division, Sixth Corps, till Wolf Run Shoals were 
reached, when they rejoined their own division and accompanied it 
to Gettysburg, going upon the field during the forenoon of the 2d 
of July and serving through the remainder of the battle. During 
the third day, Lieutenant Bicknell, who had command of the larger 
part of the company, posted near the left center of the Union lines, 
rendered valuable service in connection with the charge and repulse 



THE FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. i^do 

of the enemy on that i)art of the field. The loss of the compuny 
was eight, four of whom were killed or mortally wounded. 

The .sharp-shooters followed the fortunes of the Army of the 
Potomac till the Kith, when it reached Sandy Hook, opposite Har- 
per's Ferry. There Lieutenant Hicknell was discharued for dis,- 
ability aud Captain Phuner went to the hosp.ital, from which he also 
was discharued. The company was left in command of First Sergeant 
Oscar H. Clement, who had received a commission as first lieuten- 
ant. Before being mustered, however, he was dismissed the service 
by order of court-martial October 5. Samuel G. Gilbreth of l]el- 
fast, Me., who had entered the company as a private at its organiza- 
tion, was made first lieutenant dating from September 20, though 
not mustered till late in the year. 

On the 5th of August the company, then in camp at Morrisv^lle, 
near Warrenton, was attached to head-quarters of the Third Bri- 
gade, Second Division, Second Corps, Colonel Norman J. Hall coiu- 
• manding. A week later, however, it was attached to^he Twentieth 
Massachusetts, a regiment of the brigade, commanded at the time 
by Major Abbott. Though taking part in all the experiences of the 
regiment from that time, it was not till the engagement at Bristoe 
Station, October 14, that the sharji-shooters took a prominent part. 
In that affair, while a detachment of ten sent out to the right as 
skirmishers brought in a number of prisoners, the remainder of the 
company under First Sergeant Gilbreth, (not yet mustered as lieu- 
tenant,) going to the left, captured three Confederate cannon, from 
which the gunners had been driven, and dragged two of them within 
the Union lines. The loss of the company was two wounded. From 
Bristoe's the command moved that night northward to Centerville, 
awaiting battle there till the 19th, then following the Southern army 
southward again to near Warrenton, and remaining there till the 
7th of Xovemljer. The company then crossed the Raiipahannock 
at Kelly's Ford in connection with the capture of Rappahannock 
Station by General Sedgwick, moving on a few miles and encamping 
near Brandy Station till the ^line Run movement. 

Camp was broken for that fruitless expedition on the morning of 
the 26th and that afternoon the Rapidan was crossed at Germania 
Ford. The enemy were encountered next day at Robertson's Tav- 
ern, and in the skirmishing which ensued during the three or four 
days on which the armies confronted each other the company had 



Sm 2IASSACIIUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

its full share, losing two men wounded and having one killed by 
guerrillas on picket near Germania Ford, where a small detachment 
liad been left when the main body advanced. The return march 
began in the evening of December 1, and 25 hours later the old camp 
near Brandy Station was reached, a distance of 35 miles, made with 
only a stop of one hour and without a man absent from the ranks. 
As a separate organization the company had practically no further 
experience. It entered the Wilderness campaign of 1864 with the 
Twentieth Regiment, and shared with that organization the hard- 
ships which followed, its small membership constantly diminishing 
from casualty and exposure. Lieutenant Gilbreth, its only com- 
missioned officer, was killed in the assault on the works before 
Petersburg June 18, and soon after the remnant of the comjiany was 
attached to the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment, with which its 
service and experience were thenceforth blended. 



THE SECOND SHARP-SHOOTERS. 



T 



HE Second Company of SliariJ-sliuotcrs was oruuni/.ed iit J^ > nii- 
field aflrr the dopai'ture of the Andrew Com[)any,in Septem- 
ber, 1802. The commissioned officers were as follows: — 



Captain, Lewis E. Wentworth; first lieutenant, Charles D. Stiles; 
second lieutenant, Alvin A. Evans, all of Salem. 

Some 25 of the men were provided with telescopic rifles, similar 
to those of the First Company, while the others had heavy open 
sight weapons. The recruits were mustered at various times during 
August and September, and the organization left the state with 
• Colonel Henry Wilson's Regiment (the Twenty-second), to which 
it was attached and with which its history is completely identified. 
Of its olliccrs. Lieutenant Evans resigned July 5, 1862, and was 
succeeded by Sergeant Robert Smith of Salem. First Lieutenant 
Stiles resigned on the 4th of August, and was succeeded by Sergeant 
Edward Uj^on of Salem, who in turn w^as discharged for disability 
on the 29th of January, 1863, the vacancy being filled by the pro- 
motion of Second Lieutenant Smith, who on the 19th of May was 
commissioned captain, vice Wentworth discharged for disability, 
and commanded the company till its muster out. Ivory Leach of 
Lowell was made second lieutenant from January 30, 1863, but was 
discharged for disability on the 20th of June following, the vacancy 
not being filled. Winsor M. Ward of South Danvers was promoted 
to fust lieutenant vice Smith, and was discharged for disability on 
the 21st of Sei)tembcr, 1864. The company during its service lost 
eight enlisted men killed in action, most of them at or about Spott- 
sylvania. iu May, 1864. It was mustered out of service October 
17, 1864, those on the roll whose term had not expired being trans- 
ferred in the Thirt\ -second Reuimeiit. 



UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 



IN addition to all the regiments, batteries, battalions and the com- 
panies of sharp-shooters heretofore sketched, Massachusetts at 
various times during the war furnished 38 companies which 
were mostly enlisted for short terms of service. As in some cases 
the same company served for more than one term, this list com- 
prises but 31 different organizations. These except when otherwise 
designated were known simply as Unattached Companies of Infan- 
try, and served in the forts along the Massachusetts coast or at 
other points in the state where their services Avere needed. Thirteen 
companies were organized during April and May, 1864, and served 
for 90 days ; one of these with nine new ones followed with a 100- 
days' term, and when that expired six of the latter companies, with 
four new ones were mustered in for a year's service, but before tjie 
time expired the war had closed and the organizations were dissolved. 
The rosters and dates of service of the several organizations were 
as follows : — 

First Company, Boston — Captain, Lewis J. Bird; first lieutenant, 
Moses E. Bigelow; second lieutenant, John E. Alden. Served from 
April 29 to August 1, 1864. 

Second Company, Beverly — Captain, Francis E. Porter; first lieu- 
tenant, Hugh J. Munsey ; second lieutenant, Eleazer Giles. This 
company was first mustered May 3, 1864, and served till August 6 fol- 
lowing; on the succeding day, with the same officers but many changes 
among the enlisted men, it took up the 100-days' term from which it 
was discharged November 15, and the next day was mustered for one 
year. Leonard G. Dennis of Gloucester succeeded to the captaincy at 
that time, and the rank and file was largely changed, the entire com- 
pany with few exceptions being credited to Gloucester. It was mus- 
tered out July 7, 1865, three of its members having died of disease 
during the last enlistment. 

Third Company, Newburyport — Captain, Luther Dame; first lieu- 
tenant, Tristram Talbot; second lieutenant, Charles L. Avers. This 
company served from May 3 to August 5, 1864. 



THE UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 869 

Fourth Company, Chelsea — Captain, Alpheiis J. Tlillbourn; first 
lieutenant, John Quincy Adams; second lieuteuaut, lladley P. Burrill. 
Served from May 3 to August 6, 1864. 

Fifth Company, Fall Rrver — Captain, David H. Dyer; first lieuten- 
ant, Thomas J. Borden ; second lieutenant, Bradford D. Davol. 
Served May 4 to August 2, 1804. 

Sixth Company, Westboro — Captain, Charles P. Winslow; first lieu- 
tenant, John Jones; second lieutenant, William H. Fay. Same as 
Fifth Company. 

Seventh Company, Boston — Captain, Albert E. Proctor; first lieu- 
tenant, George (i. Niehols: second lieutenant, Thomas A. Cranston. 
May 4 to August 5, 18G4. One member died of disease. 

Eighth Company, Lawrence — Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton; first 
lieutenant, Ebenll. Ellenwood; second lieutenant, Frederick G. Tyler. 
May 10 to August 11. 1864. 

Ninth Company, Boston — Captain, George II. Smith; first lieuten- 
ant, James W. Hall; second lieutenant, William. B. Rand! Same as 
Eighth Company. 

Tenth Company, Millburv — Captain, George A. Perry; first lieu- 
tenant, Samuel H. Meader; second lieutenant, Samuel W. Marble. 
May 10 to August 8, 1864. 

Eleventh Company. Lynn — Captain, Jeremiah C. Bacheller; first 
lieutenant, Al)raham Ilun Berry; second lieutenant, James McDavitt. 
May 16 to August 15, 1864. 

Twelfth Comjniny, Cambridge — Captain, Charles F. Walcott; first 
lieutenant, Charles F. Foster; second lieutenant, Nathan G. Gooch. 
Same as Eleventh Company. 

Thirteenth Company, Salem — Captain, Robert W. Reeves; first lieu- 
tenant, George 0. Stevens; second lieutenant, John W. Evans. Same 
as Eleventh Company. 

Fifteenth Company, New Bedford — Captain, Isaac A. Jennings; 
first lieutenant, Henry H. Potter; second lieutenant, Thomas J. Gif- 
ford. July 29 to November 15, 1864. 

Sixteenth Company, Boston — Captain John F. Croff; first lieuten- 
ant, Aloi^zo B. Fiske; second lieutenant, Luther B. Duran. August 
6 to November 14, 1864. 

Seventeenth Company — Captain John G. Barnes of Georgetown; 
first lieutenant, James S. Walsh of Groveland; second lieutenant, 
Edwai'd P. Wilder of Georgetown. This company first served from 
the 5tli of August to the 12th of Noveml)er, 1864, when it re-enlisted 
for one vear under the same officers, all credited to Haverhill, and 
served till June 30, 1865. 

Eighteenth Company — Captain, Otis A. Baker of Rehoboth; first 
lieutenant, Sylvanus ^Martin of Seekonk: second lieutenant, Henry 
M. Westcoat of Dighton. Its first term was from the 6th of August 
to the 14th of November, 1864; after which it was reorganized to serve 
for a year. It was mustered on the fJth and Tth of Deceml)er, the only 
change in officers being that John G. Gammons of Westjiort succeeded 
Westcoat as second lieutenant. The company served till the 12th of 
May, 1865, during which time one member died of disease. 



870 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Nineteenth Company — Captain, James M. Mason of Milford; first 
lieutenant, Frank A. Johnson of Ashland; second lieutenant, Dixwell 
H. Clark of Milford. Its first term was from August 9 to November 
16, 1864, when it was reorganized for one year witli the following offi- 
cers, all credited to Milford: Captain, Frank A. Johnson; first lieu- 
tenant, Thomas J. Gifford; second lieutenant, Henry J. Hayward. It 
served from November 25, 1864, to June 27, 1865. 

Twentieth Companv — Captain, Lewis Soule of Abington; first lieu- 
tenant, Horatio C. Sampson; second lieutenant, Jerome Washburne, 
both of Bridgewiiter. The first term was from August 11 to Novem- 
ber 18, 1864, when with the same officers it was mustered in for a year 
on the following day and served till the 29th of June, 1865. 

Twenty-first Company, Fall River — Captain, David H. Dyer; first 
lieutenant, Charles G. Remington; second lieutenant, Geoi'ge 0. Fair- 
banks, Jr. The first term was from August 11 to November 18, 1864, 
when it was reorganized and on the 23d of November mustered for a 
year with Royal W. Thayer of Randolph as captain, Charles G. Reming- 
ton and Joseph Mather, both of Fall River, as lieutenants. It served 
till the 28tli of June, 1865, having one man accidentally killed. 

Twenfr}'--second Company, Freetown — Captain, John W. Marble; 
first lieutenant, Urial M. Haskins ; second lieutenant, Chester W. 
Briggs. August 18 to November 25, 1864. 

Twenty-third Com])any, Fairhaven — Captain, Jabez M. Lyle; first 
lieutenant, Joshua H. Wilkie; second lieutenant, Jirey Kinney, Jr. 
August 18 to November 26, 1864. 

Twenty-fourth Company —Captain, Joshua H. Wilkie of Needham; 
first lieutenant, George 0. Fairbanks, Jr., of South Scituate; second 
lieutenant, Francis E. Davis of Plymouth. This company was mus- 
tered as various dates from the 16th to the 22d of December, 1864, 
and served till May 12, 1865. 

Twenty-fifth Company — Cajitain, Fitz J. Babson of Gloucester; first 
lieutenant, Elisha Eldridge, Jr., of Petersham; second lieutenant, 
Martin Dunn of Gloucester. December 9, 1864, to June 29, 1865. 

Twenty-sixth Company — Captain, Walter H. Keith of Needham; 
first lieutenant, George W. Pearson of Dorchester, second lieutenant, 
James G. Warren of Barnstable. December 13, 1864, to May 12, 1865. 

Twenty-seventh Company — Captain, Samuel C. Graves; first lieu- 
tenant, William Goodwin 3d; second lieutenant, Benjamin Pitman, all 
of Mar1)lehead. The members were about equally contributed hy Lynn 
and Marblehead, and were mustere'd at various times from the SOth of 
December, 1864, to the middle of the following month. The comjiany 
served till the 30th of June, 1865^ and two members died of disease. 

Tvventv-ninth and Thirtieth Comioanies Heavv Artillerv (see page 
738). 

Boston Cadets, M. V. M. — Captain, Christo])her C. Holmes of Mil- 
ton; Hcntenunt, Aaron C. Baldwin; ensign, John Jeffries, Jr., adju- 
tant, Charles R. Codman; quartermaster, CUirtis B. Raymond, all of 
Boston; first lieutenants, Joseph M. Churchill of Milton, Russell Stur- 
gis, Jr.. and Charles O. Rich of Boston, William R. Paine and George 
J. Fisher of Brookline. This company served from the 26th of May 



THE UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 871 

to the 2d of July. 18<!'2, us part of tlic garrison of Fort Warren, being 
relieved by Conipany ]i. Seventh Ifegiinent, ^\. \ . M, 

Salem Cadets. M. \'. M. — ]\Iajor. .lolin Louis Marks; captain, Joseph 
A. Dalton; first lieutenant, iiieluird Skinner, Jr.; adjutant, John 
Pickering, Jr.; seconti lieutenants. Josej)!! C. Foster, Thomas li. John- 
son, Jonathan A. Kenney, all of Salem. This company, like the Boston 
Cadets, was mustered May 20, 1802, for the purpose of garrisoning Fort 
AVarren, then being vacated by the Fort Warren Battalion — afterward 
the Thirty-second Eegiment — and it remained on duty till the 11th of 
October following. One enlisted man died of disease during this time. 

Comi)any B, Seventh Regiment, M. \\ M., Salem — Captain, Edward 
TI. Staten; first lieutenant, Isaac S. Noyes; second lieutenant, Joseph 
M. Parsons. This com])any was mustered on the 1st of July, 1862, 
for six months, and relieved the Boston Cadets in garrisoning Fort 
Warren. Its half-year passed without the loss of a man in any man- 
ner save two discharged for disability, and on the 31st of December it 
was mustered out of the United States service, if its term of duty 
could be ]u-nperly so called. These tliree companies were placed in 
the forr under the Act of Congress of July 29, 18G1, authorizing the 
governor to use the state militia for such service at his discretion. 



STATISTICAL TABLE. 



ORGANIZATIONS. 



First Regiment, 
Second Kegiment, 

Third Eegiment, 
Fourth Regiment, 

Fifth Regiment, 

Sixth Regiment, 

Seventh Regiment, . 

Eighth Regiment, 

Ninth Regiment, 
Tenth Regiment, 
Eleventli Regiment, 
Twelfth Regiment, . 
Thirteenth Regiment, 
Fifteenth Regiment, 
Sixteenth Regiment, 
Seventeenth Regiment, 
Eighteenth Regiment, 
Nineteentli Regiment, 
Twentieth Regiment, 
Twenty-first Regiment. 
Twenty-second Regiment, 
Twenty-third Regiment, 
Twenty-fourth Ri'giment, 
Twenty-fiftli Regiment, . 
Twenty-sixtli Regiment, 
Twenty-seventh Reiriment, 
Twenty-eighth Regiment, 
Twentv-ninth Regiment, 
Thirtietli Regiment. 
Tliirty- first Regiment, 
Thirty-second Regiment, 
Thirty-third Regiment, . 
Thirtv-fourth Regiment, 
Thirty-fifth Regiment. . 
Thirty-sixth Regiment, . 
Thirty-seven til Regiment, 
Thirty-eighth Regiment, 
Thirty-ninth Regiment, . 



1861 

1862-3 

1861 

1862-3 

1861 

1862-3 

1864 

1861 

1862-3 

1864 

1861 ' 

1862-3 

1864 



Time of 

Service. 

y. m. d. 



1 20 
3 
9 
3 

11 2 
3 

9 3 

3 19 

3 13 

8 25 

3 7 
12 

3 1 



3 15 
10 
10 
1 1 
12 
15 
16 
26 
11 19 



3 
3 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

3 2 2 
3 10 12 
3 11 18 
11 
12 

S 27 

1 14 

8 
10 

9 

5 



14 
8 
6 
20 
6 16 
6 1 
6 21 
6 11 
9 29 
10 3 
9 19 
9 9 
9 17 
10 6 
8 29 



1680 

1885 

446 

1017 

635 

986 

821 

982 

938 

736 

926 

968 

1170 

705 

973 

901 

1700 

1255 

2000 

1575 

1445 

1720 

1360 

1950 

1365 

1915 

2435 

1435 

1440 

1345 

1520 

1400 

1405 

1567 

1856 

1518 

1513 

1343 

2385 

1280 

1306 

1.-20 

1317 

1320 

1110 

1445 



'^ o 
^ tj 

w < 



93 

116 



1 



8 

8 





•4 

8 



36 







152 

90 

85 

128 

71 

150 

105 

11 

84 

104 

192 

95 

141 

40 

63 

77 

43 

71 

161 

47 

27 

43 

79 

69 

81 

91 

56 

110 

32 

44 






86 

156 



15 

1 

131 

2 

13 

7 



19 



109 



9 

4 

105 

83 

140 

126 

75 

186 

128 

142 

148 

160 

192 

119 

143 

144 

147 

216 

194 

293 

203 

107 

344 

147 

198 

107 

1T2 

134 

193 

138 

191 

198 



S TA TIS TIC A L TABL E. 



8T:J 







Time of 


« 


a 


1 ^ 


•d 


ORGAXIZATION'S. 




Service. 


E 


"S -2 


Died 

Wounds, 

ease, e 






y- 


m. 


d. 


^S 


3 < 




Fortieth Regiment, 


2 


9 


11 


104!) 


46 


146 


13 


Forty-second Ke(;inu'nt. 




j 1862-3 
• I 1864 




10 
3 


6 
20 


lOK) 
949 


3 



41 
14 


70 
2 


Forty-third Regiment, 




* • • 




9 


10 


10(>4 


2 


13 


109 


Forty-fourth Regiment, 












9 


6 


1032 


8 


28 


3 


Forty-titth lU-uiniont. 












9 


10 


1025 


10 


36 


48 


Forty-sixtli Regiment, 












9 


7 


9G5 


1 


32 


10 


Forty-seventh Regiment, 












10 


1 


1140 


1 


33 


225 


Forty-eighth Regiment, 












9 


19 


996 


11 


53 


154 


Forty-ninth Regiment, 












10 


4 


954 


21 


84 


3;} 


Fiftietli Regiment, . 












10 


25 


991 





89 


27 


Fitty-lirsf Kcginient, 












9 


13 


9G1 


3 


37 


18 


Fifty-second Regiment, 












10 


3 


942 


7 


91 


3 


Fifty-third Regiment, 












9 


27 


952 


19 


142 


21 


Fifry-fourtl) Regiment, 










2 


3 


7 


1361 


54 


154 


39 


J'ifry-fiftli Regiment. 










2 


2 


7 


1214 


52 


132 


27 


I'ifty-sixth Regiment, 










1 


4 


16 


1232 


69 


134 


128 


Fifty seven til Itegiment, 










1 


3 


24 


1047 


112 


137 


83 


Fifty-eiglitli Regiment, 










1 


2 


19 


1024 


74 


185 


97 


Fifty-ninth Regiment, 










1 


2 


9 


985 


48 


99 


109 


Sixtieth Regiment. . 












3 


22 


940 





9 


3 


Sixty-first Regiment, 












i) 


22 


980 


5 


17 


14 


First Heavy Artillery, 










4 


1 


11 


2653 


104 


360 


116 


Second Heavy Artillery, 










1 


8 


10 


2855 


8 


340 


156 


Third Heavy Artillery, . 
















2169 


1 


40 


381 


Fourth Heavy Artillery, 












10 




1831 





22 


13 


Rattalion Heavy Artillerj 


> 








2 


4 


14 


137G 





15 


217 


First Cavalry, . 










3 


7 


25 


2304 


49 


167 


152 


Second Cavalrv, 










2 


5 


24 


22(57 


62 


147 


614 


Third Cavalry,"^ . 










2 


10 


27 


2210 


60 


203 


289 


Fourth Cavalry, 










1 


9 


G 


1839 


21 


123 


261 


Fifth (Cavalry, . 










1 


5 


26 


14;]9 


3 


117 


124 


Frontier Cavalry, 












5 


28 


51S 





2 


7 


First Light Battery, 




j'l8«l 
■' lSGl-4 


3 


2 


25 
16 


118 
279 



5 


1 
15 




7 


Second Light Battery, . 






4 




11 


379 


1 


25 


13 


Third Light Battery, 










3 






268 


6 


13 


9 


Fourth Light Battery, 










3 


11 


23 


333 


I 


46 


22 


Fifth Light Battery, 










;! 


G 


2 


378 


12 


17 


10 


Sixth Light Battery, 










i> 


G 


4 


383 


5 


50 


57 


Seventh Light Battery, . 










4 


5 


20 


400 


2 


84 


9 


FJighth Light Battery, . 












4 


29 


163 





7 


4 


Ninth Light Battery, 










2 


(t 


27 


347 


10 


9 


6 


Tenth Light Battery, 










2 


<» 




2()5 


4 


19 


4 


Eleventh Light Battery, . 




j'l8G2- 
\ 1S64- 


3 

5 


1 


9 
5 


14 


157 
198 



2 



11 



1 


Twelfth Light Battery, . 




. 




2 


6 


29 


29(> 





25 


75 


Thirteenth Light Battery, 








2 


7 


15 


350 





26 


99 


Fourteeufli Light Battery, 








1 


3 


19 


204 


5 


10 


14 


Fifteenth Light Battery, 








2 


5 


18 


413 





26 


107 


Sixteenth Light Battery, 








1 


3 


16 


173 





6 


14 


Ride Battalion. 










2 


15 


313 





2 





Andrew Sharp-shooters, . 








3 


9 


27 


225 


17 


22 


14 


Second Sharp-shooters, . 








3 


9 


11 


148 


8 


13 


4 


Unattached Companies. 
















38.36 





11 


5 



GENERAL OFFICERS FROM MASSACHUSETTS. 



Brevet Major Geueral Henry L. Abbot 

OF Boston was first lieutenant of Topofi:rai)hical Eng-incers, 
U. S. A., at the oj)ening- of the rebellion, liaving graduated 
fi'om the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 
1854 and subsequently served on Pacific railroad surveys and engi- 
neering duties in the Mississippi river valley. At the battle of Bull 
Run he was an aide on the staff of General Tyler and was wounded. 
Subsequently he was engaged under General Barnard, Chief of Engi- 
neers, in completing the defenses of Washington, and brought to the 
duties of that ])Osition his customary energy, Avinning wai m com- 
fnendation from his su])eriors, — as in fact he did in all operations in 
which he was engaged in connection with the war. "During the fall 
of 1801 he declined to consider the lieutenant colonelcy of a Massa- 
cliusctts volunteer regiment, and the war department refused to 
allow him leave of absence to accept a colonelcy of the same nature 
which it was desired by Governor Andrew to bestow upon him. Dur- 
ing the Peninsular campaign he served as aide to General Barnard, 
rendering especially valuable service in connection with the siege of 
Yorktown, but during the campaign was i)rostrated b}' fever. The 
following winter he accompanied General Banks's expedition to 
New Orleans, and was made chief topographical engineer of the De- 
partment of the Gulf; a })Osition which he filled till the s})ring of 
ISbo, when he was commissioned colonel of the First Connecticut 
Heavy Artillery Regiment dating from .January 10. \n Mai'ch fol- 
lowing he joined the regiment in the defenses of Washington, and 
till th(; spi'ing of 1864 remained in command of a brigade on the 
south sitle of the Potomac. In April of that year he was directed 
to organize the formidable siege train of the Army of the Potomac, 
with which he reported to CJeneral Hunt, chief of artillery, soon 
after the siege of Petersburg began. Colonel Abbot remained in 
command of this train till the close of the war, except when tem- 
porarily serving as chief of artillery of the Fort Fisher expedition, 
and after the close of hostilities was from the 10th of May to the 



876 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

13th of July, 1865, chief of artillery of the Department of Virginia. 
He was mustered out of the volunteer service with his regiment on 
the 25th of September following and resumed his position in the 
regular army, where he has since remained actively and honorably 
engaged in the Engineer Department. He was brevetted on the loth 
of March, 1865, major general of volunteers and brigadier general 
in the United States Army, and on the 12th of October, 1886, 
attained the full rank of colonel of enaineers. 



Brevet Brijjadier General William S. Abert 

Of Washington, D. C, was at the opening of the war a lieutenant of 
United States Artillery, stationed at Fort Monroe, Va. In 1861 he 
was appointed captain in the Sixth United States Cavalry, his regi- 
ment forming part of the cavalry reserve of the Army of the Potomac 
at the opening of the Peninsular campaign. After doing some effi- 
cient work at the head of his squadron in tiie early battles of that 
campaign, Captain Abert was assigned to duty on the staff of General 
McClellan, where he served till that officer was relieved from the 
command of the Army of the Potomac, November 7, 1862. He 
was then made assistant inspector general on the staff of General 
Nathaniel P. Banks, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of volun- 
teers, — a position which he admirably filled during the service of 
his chief in the Department of the Gulf. On the 16th of Novem- 
ber, 1864, he was commissioned colonel of the Third Massachusetts 
Heavy Artillery Volunteers, and served as such, being located in 
the defenses of Washington, till the muster out of his regiment, 
September 18, 1865. He received the brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers dating from March 13, 1865, and in June, 1867, was 
made major of the Seventh United States Cavalry, with the brevet 
of lieutenant colonel in the regular line. He was then on duty at 
Galveston, Tex., where he died on the 25th of August, 1867, at 
the early age of 31. 

Brevet Brigadier General Charles Francis Adams, Jr., 

Of Quincy was mustered as first lieutenant of Company H, First 
Massachusetts Cavalry, on the 19th of December, 1861, having pre- 
viously served as a private and warrant officer in the state militia. 
He saw varied service with that regiment till the middle of July, 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 877 

1864, gettinu- a promotion to cai)tain on the 80th of ()('tol)er. 1862. 
During a portion of this time he was in command of a squadron of 
the regiment detached for duty at the head-quarters of General 
Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac. He was commis- 
sioned lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry July 15, 
1864, and on the resignation of Colonel Russell was made colonel 
dating from February 15, 1865. Soon after the fall of Petersburg 
his health, which had suffered severely from malarial affection, en- 
tirely broke down, and in May he was sent home an invalid. On this 
account he resigned and was mustered out Augustl, but diil not re- 
cover his health for many months. His brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers dated from ^larch 13. 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General Thomas J. C. Amory 

Of Boston was at the opening of hostilities a captain in the United 
■States Army, having graduated from the Military Academy at AVest 
Point in 1851, after which he had been for ten years in active ser- 
vice in all portions of the West, taking part in the Utah expedition 
of 1854. Early in 1861 he returned to Massachusetts and for some 
time as mustering officer assisted in the organization of the earlier 
regiments from his native state. Later he was granted permission 
to take a commission in the volunteer service and was designated 
by C4overnor Andrew as colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment. He 
commanded that organization almost from the time of its reaching 
Baltimore till it was ordered to North Carolina, and on arriving 
there he was at once placed in command of a brigade in General 
Foster's division, and continued to act in that capacity till he was 
designated, early in 1864, as commander of the sub-district of Beau- 
fort. The scourge of yellow fever which in the early autumn of 
that year swept over the district numbered among its victims both 
Colonel Amory and his wife, the latter, who was sharing garrison 
life with him, dying a few days before her husband. His death oc- 
curred on the 7th of October, and his brevet, given in recognition of 
his faithful and intrepid service, dated from the day of his decease. 



Brevet Brigadier Geueral John F. Anderson 

Of Boston was. mustered as first lieutenant of the Twenty-first Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment September 2, 1861, and was the first adjutant 



STS MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

of that reo'imcnt. On the oro'anization at Annapolis of the North 
Carolina Expedition, he was ai)j)ointcd an aide-de-camj) on the staff 
of General Barnside, with whom he served at Roanoke. lie was 
afterward transferred to the stafi' of General John G. Foster, with 
wliom lie remained during the war. When his chief organized tlie 
Eighteenth Army Corps he was made senior aide, with the rank of 
major, and was adjutant general of the Department of the Ohio 
while General Foster was its commander, with head-quarters at 
Knoxville, Tenn. When the latter took command of the Depart- 
ment of the South, Major Anderson became chief of staff, and 
when General Sherman reached Savannah on his " March to the 
Sea," Anderson was detailed to carry his dispatches to General 
Grant at Washington. At the close of the war he was brevetted 
through the various grades up to brigadier general of volunteers, 
the latter dating from the 2d of April, I860. 



Brevet Major General Georg'e L. Andrews 

Of Boston was a graduate of West Point in 1851, standing at the 
head of his class and receiving the brevet of second lieutenant in 
the Engineer Corps. His first duty was as assistant to Colonel 
Thayer, in charge of the construction of Fort Warren in Boston 
Harbor, where he remained three years, when he was sent to West 
Point as assistant professor of Engineering, etc. After one year 
there he resigned his commission and returned to civil life, though 
for three years from 1857 in the employ of the United States Gov- 
ernment as civil engineer. At the outbreak of the war he assisted 
earnestly in the organizing of the Second Regiment Massachusetts 
Volunteers, of which he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, suc- 
ceeding to the colonelcy on the promotion of Colonel Gordon in 
June, 1862. He was made brigadier general November 9 following 
and assigned to duty under General Banks, then at New York pre- 
paring for his Louisiana campaign. After the sailing of his chief 
for New Orleans, General Andrews remained for a time in charge 
of the rendezvous at New York, and with the final detachment of 
troops reached New Orleans February 11, 18G3. At the organiza- 
tion of the Nineteenth Corps he was assigned to the command of 
the First Bi-igado, Third Division, on the 21st of Fqbruary, but on 
the Gth of March was appointed chief of staff to General Banks, in 



GEN Eh A L OFFICERS. S7!> 

which capacity he served till after the fall of Port Hudson, when he 
was designated to organize the colored troops in the department, 
rendering valuable service till the close of the war. He received 
the brevet of major general of volunteers March 2(), 1865, for his 
services in the campaign against Molnle, and was honorably dis- 
charged the national service August 24 of that year, but February 
28, 1871, was appointed professor at West Point Academy, where 
he still remains. 

Major General Natliauiel P. Banks, 

Ex-Governor of Massachusetts, was among the first to offer his 
sword to the imperiled national government, and was made major 
general of volunteers to date from May 16, 1861, with CJenerals 




Major (Ieneral N. P. Hanks. 

John A. Dix and Benjamin F. Butler. He was first assigned to 
the command of the Department of Annai)olis, with head-(iuarters 
at Baltimore, succeeding (General Cadwaladcr on the 10th of June. 
One of his first acts was to arrest Marshal Kane, chief of the Balti- 
more police, putting in his place till the appointment ofa loyal cit- 
izen to the office Colonel John R. Kenlv of the First Marvland 



880 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Regiment. The Board of Police Commissioners were also soon 
after arrested for disloyal conduct and held as prisoners of war, 
being sent to Fort TVarren in Boston Harbor. These energetic 
measures brought the city permanently back to its loyalty, so that 
the secession spirit did not again assert itself. The United States 
troops which had been temporarily put on duty in various parts of 
the city were withdrawn to their camps as soon as the civil rule 
was firmly established, and on the 27th of July General Banks 
succeeded General Patterson in the command of the Department 
of the Shenandoah. For some six months his forces simply held 
the Maryland shore of the Potomac from Darnestown to Williams- 
port, with an occasional sally across the river, but during February, 
1862, Harper's Ferry was occupied in force, and toward the close 
of the month General Banks moved his head-quarters across the 
river, pressing " Stonewall " Jackson, the Confederate commander 
opposed to him, far up the Shenandoah Valley. Banks with a con- 
siderable part of his corps was soon after detached for operations 
nearer Washington, in co-operation with McClellan's movements 
on the Peninsula. Shields's Division, having fallen back to near 
Kernstown, was attacked by Jackson on the 23d of March. The 
Confederates being defeated and again driven up the valley. Banks 
was ordered back and moved in pursuit as far as Harrisonburg, 
where the two armies confronted each other and maneuvered for 
some time. Before the close of May, however. Banks was outgeli- 
eraled by Jackson and forced to fall swiftly back to the Potomac, 
not only abandoning the important valley to the enemy, but setting- 
Jackson free to join Lee before Richmond and work havoc with 
the plans of General McClellan in that quarter. The retreat was 
conducted with great skill and success, but that fact did little to 
lighten the popular depression at the disaster to the Union arms. 

xibout a month later Banks's Corps, which had hitherto been 
known as the Fifth, was made a part of the Army of Virginia 
under General Pope and designated as the Second Corjjs. It was 
ordered to Little Baltimore, and thence took part in the operations 
of the ill-fated army with which it was identified. General Banks 
with his corps fought the sharp battle of Cedar Mountain on the 
9th of August, in which he gallantly contested a largely superior 
number of the enemy. He continued to serve under Pope till that 
officer was succeeded by General McClellan as commander of the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. xsi 

combined Union, armies, when lie was relieved from command of 
the corps and presently began preparations for the " Banks Exj)edi- 
tion" to New Orleans. The general sailed for Louisiana early in 
December, 1862, and on the 16th relieved General Butler in com- 
mand of the Department of the Gulf. Some 15,000 troojjs, mostly 
nine-months' men, accompanied or followed Banks to his new field, 
so that the early spring fV)und him in command of some 30,000 
men, organized in four divisions and known as the Nineteenth 
Corps. With this force it was intended that he should assist Gen- 
eral Grant in opening the Mississippi and subdue the armed rcljel- 
lion in Louisiana and Texas. Before moving in force against Port 
Hudson, Banks on the 10th of April at the head of 17,000 men 
marched from Brashear City against the Confederates under Gen- 
eral Richai'd Taylor, driving him from Fort Bisland and marching 
up the Teche and Atchafalaya, scattering every Confederate force as 
far as Alexandria on the Red river. He then moved against Port 
Hudson, opening the siege the latter part of May, 1863, and receiv- 
ing the surrender July 9, just in time to dispatch a portion of his 
victorious troops down the river to deal with Taylor, who had reor- 
ganized his forces and was threatening Donaldsonville and other 
points in the rear of New Orleans. The Confederates were driven 
back to Opelousas, after which no important movements occurred 
in Louisiana till the opening of the sjjring campaign of 1864. The 
nine-months' men of Banks's army having gone home soon after 
the fall of Port Hudson, their places were filled in a manner by 
colored regiments organized from the ex-slaves and other negroes 
of the vicinity. On the 26th of October, 1863, General J^anks with 
6,000 men under the immediate command of General N. J. T. Dana-, 
supported by a naval force, sailed for Brazos Santiago on the Rio 
Grande, where a landing was effected and within a month most of 
the important posts on the Texas coast had been recovered to the 
national government. Having accomplished all that his force 
permitted. General Banks in person returned to New Orleans and 
prepared for the Red River expedition, which was undertaken ])y 
order of General Halleck instead of the movement against Galves- 
ton which would have better pleased Banks. The result i)roved a 
miserable failure, as General Banks had foreseen. The combined 
expedition failed to reach Shreveport, its first oljjective point. 
Banks's advance was met and defeated at Sabine Cross Roads bv a 



882 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

superior Confederate force on the 8th of April, ^nd fell back to 
Pleasant Grove, where by aid of reinforcements the enemy were in 
turn defeated near night of the same day. Banks then fell back 
to Pleasant Hill, Avhere another battle was fought on the 9th, the 
Confederates being again repulsed. General Banks then desired 
to resume the march to Shreveport, but after careful consideration 
it was deemed impracticable and the retrograde move was con- 
tinued, the vessels of the co-operating fleet being rescued with great 
difficulty owing to the lovv water, and both army and navy being 
much annoyed by the enemy. The battle of Cane River was fought 
on the 23d of April, and was the last serious engagement during 
the retreat, though it was not till the 20th of May that the army 
crossed the Atchafalaya. General Banks was then relieved by 
General E. R. S. Canby, and was not again in active command dur- 
ing the war. General Banks was a modest, earnest, intensely 
patriotic officer, and while some of his military acts were unfortu- 
nate, others were eminently successful, and the failure of the Red 
River attempt cannot justly be charged against him, since he 
undertook it under protest. He was mustered out of service 
August 24, 1865. 

Brevet Major General John G. Barnard 

Was a native of Sheffield, where he was born in 1815, and gradu- 
ated from the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1833, 
His service was almost exclusively in the engineering department, 
and from 1835 to 1852 was on the Gulf Coast, engaged on fortifi- 
cations and harbor improvements. He took part in the Mexican 
war, and was twice brevetted for distinguished services. He was 
then occupied in various engineering duties, the last being in New 
York harbor, where the opening of the rebellion in 1861 found him. 
He was chief engineer of the army under General McDowell, hav- 
ing attained the rank of major, and under General McClellan was 
chief engineer in charge of the fortifications of Washington, being 
commissioned brigadier general of volunteers from the 23d of Sep- 
tember, 1861. He accompanied the Army of the Potomac on the 
Peninsular campaign and was in charge of its engineering opera- 
tions, returning after the unfortunate close of the campaign to the 
defenses of Washington. He retained that position till the promo- 
tion of Grant to the lieutenant generalship, when he was made 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



883 



entrineer in chief of armies in the field, in which ca])acity he served 
on General Grant's staff till the close of the war. He received the 
brevet of major treneral in the reirular line datinu' from March 13, 
1865, and on the 15th of January, 1800, was mustered out of the 
volunteer service. Resuming his duties in the Engineer Corps, he 
served until his retirement, having attained the rank of colonel, 
and died at Detroit, Mich., May 14, 1882. General Barnard wns 




X 



m. 



Brevet Major Hrnhral J G. Barnard. 



an author of note, publishing several volumes of imj) u'tance on 
topics connected with his profession, and received the degree of 
A. M. from the University of Alabama in 1838, as well as that of 
LL. I), from Yale College in 1864. 



Brevet Major General James Barnes 

Of Springfield graduated at the Military Academy, "West Point, in 
the class of 1829. He passed a year there as assistant instructor, 
took part in the Black Hawk expedition of 1832, and during the 
nullification controversy soon after was stationed in Charleston 



884 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



harbor. He then returned to West Point as assistant instructor 
and served three years, resigning his commission in 1836. He be- 
came noted as a civil engineer and a builder of railroads, and was 
engaged in large business enterprises when the war broke out. But 
neither his financial interests nor his advancing years and the com- 
forts of home life could stand between this pure-minded patriot and 
the service of his country, and at the age of 55, on the 26th of July, 
1861, he was commissioned colonel of the Eighteenth Massachusetts 
Volunteers. He commanded his fine regiment with signal ability 




Brevet Major General James Barnes. 

till after the. close of the Peninsular campaign, when he succeeded 
to the command of Martindale's Brigade of the Fifth Corps, and 
dating from the 29th of November, 1862, was promoted to brigadier 
general of volunteers. He was in command of the brigade during 
the Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville campaigns, and 
at Gettysburg had risen to command the First Division, Fifth Corps. 
Leading his forces to the relief of the Union left near the close of 
the second day's battle, he was wounded and did not again return 
to active duty in the field. After the battle he was placed in charge 
of the defenses of Norfolk, Va., and vicinity, and in succession of 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



S85 



St. Mary's District and the encampment of Confederate prisoners 
at Point Lookout, Md., where he remained till the close of the war, 
receiving the brevet of major general of volunteers from March 13, 
1865. He remained in commission till January 15, 18G6, when he 
was mustered out and returned to his home, but never regained his 
health, dying there on the 12th of February, 1869. 



Brevet Major General William F. Bartlett 

Of Winthrop left Harvard College during his junior year to serve 
his country, his first experience being as a member of the Fouith 
Battalion, M. A'. M., which for a month from April 25, 1861, gar- 




Brevet Major General William F. Bartlett. 

risoned Fort Independence in Boston Harbor. Directly afterward 
he was offered and accepted a commission in the Twentieth Regi- 
ment, then being formed, and on the 10th of July became its sen- 
ior captain. In the battle of Ball's Bluff, Captain Bartlett led 
the first detachment of his regiment which crossed the river, and 
was last to leave the field when the l)attle was lost, but succeeded 



886 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

in rescuing all of his command and many others by means of a 
small boat. On the 24th of April, 1862, during the siege of York- 
town, he was wounded in the Rnee by a Confederate sharpshooter, 
necessitating the amputation of his leg. Early in September fol- 
lowing he took command of Camp Briggs at Pittsfield, where 
the Forty-ninth Regiment was being recruited and on the 12th 
of November was commissioned colonel of that organization. Dur- 
ing the encampment of his command on Long Island he was at 
times placed in charge of several regiments, winning high com- 
mendation for his qualities as a commander. Joining General 
Banks in Louisiana, he led his regiment ably till the charge of May 
27, 1863, on the hostile works at Port Hudson. Being obliged to 
accompany his mfcn on horseback, — being the only mounted officer 
on the field, — he received two wounds, one in his remaining leg and 
a badly shattered left wrist. By these wounds he was disabled till 
long after the expiration of the term of service of his regiment; 
but as soon as he was able began to raise the Fifty-seventh (Vet- 
eran) Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel to date 
from August 17, 1863. This regiment was not filled till late in the 
■winter following, but it joined the Ninth Corps in season for the 
opening of the 1864 campaign, suffering terribly in the battle of 
the Wilderness, Colonel Bartlett himself being disabled by a wound 
in the head. Before he was sufficiently recovered to return to the 
field he received the well-earned promotion to a brigadier-general- 
ship, his commission dating from June 20, 1864, and on the 23d of 
July he assumed command of the First Brigade. First Division, 
Ninth Corps, which included the Fifty-seventh and several other 
Massachusetts regiments. One week later he led his command into 
the horrible death-tra}) at '' the Crater," where it remained, fighting 
stubbornly across the works, till the closing in of the enemy on the 
flanks rendered further resistance but madness, when the remnant 
of the gallant band surrendered to General Mahone. General Bart- 
lett was removed to Danville, N. C, where he was for a long time 
very severely ill, barely escaping death and never recovering his 
health fully. He was finally exchanged, reaching Baltimore on the 
26th of September. He recovered very slowly from the great de- 
bilitation of his illness, but on the 19th of June, 1865, assumed 
command of the First Division, Ninth Corps, which he retained till 
the breaking up of that organization on the 14th of July. He had 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 887 

meantime received the brevet of major general, datinu" from ^March 13, 
I8G0, and was granted six months' leave of absence, most of which he 
spent in Europe. General Bartlett was mustered out of service 
July 18, 18GG ,and subsequently engaged in business; Init his health 
gradually failed and he died at his home in Pittstield, Decem- 
ber 17, 1876. 

Brevet Brigadier General James L. Bates 

Of \Veymouth v.as in the leather trade in Boston at the opening of 
the war, but promptly joined those in his own town who were en- 
gaged in raising a company for the Twelfth ( Wel)ster) Regiment, 
and was elected and commissioned its captain. In this capacity he 
served with marked ability till the 5th of August, 1862, when he 
was commissioned major of the Thirty-third Massachusetts Volun- 
teers. Following the death of Colonel Webster, General Hartsuff 
recommended Major Bates for the vacant colonelcy of the Twelfth ; 
he was commissioned dating from the oth of Se])tember, and on the 
21st took command of what remained of that regiment after its Ijloody 
experiences at Antietam. From the 18th of May, 1864, to the close 
of his regiment's term of service he was in command of the bri- 
gade, handling it in a masterly manner, and during the movement 
of the army from Spottsylvania obtained information which led to 
an entire change of movement of the Union army, for which he 
received special thanks in General Orders. Returning home with 
his regiment he was mustered out as colonel July 8, 1864, but Con- 
gress very tardily in December, 1868, gave him the well-deserved 
brevet of brigadier general "for gallant and meritorious service in 
the war." He sei'ved as Commander of the Department of Massa- 
chusetts, Grand Army of the Republic, in 1870 and died Novem- 
ber 11, 1875. 

Brevet Brigadier General William Blaisdell, 

A native of New Hampshire, enlisted in the Fourth United States 
Infantry in 1833 and served in the regular army for 16 years. He 
shared in the Indian and Mexican wars, in the latter holding a 
position on the staff of General Scott, and being wounded while 
charging a battery. On his discharge from the army he was ap- 
pointed inspector in the Boston Custom House, where the ojiening 
of the war found him. He was offered bv General Scott a commis- 



!S8S 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



sion as captain in the regular army, but decided instead to enter 
the volunteer service, which he did as lieutenant colonel of the 
Eleventh Massachusetts Regiment, to which position he was mus- 
tered June 13, 1861. On the resignation of Colonel Clark, October 
11 following, he succeeded to the colonelcy, which rank he held dur- 
ing the remainder of his service. In the autumn of 1802 he for a 




Brevet Brig. Gen. William Blaisdell. 

time commanded a provisional brigade at Warrenton, but on the ad- 
vance of the Army of the Potomac toward Fredericksburg in Novem- 
ber returned to his regiment, with which his fortunes were thence- 
forth principally associated. He was killed in front of Petersburg 
on the 23d of June, 1864, while temporarily in command of the 
" Corcoran Legion," and his brevet of brigadier general of volunteers 
dated from the day of his gallant death. His body was brought home 
and received honored burial at Alexandria, N. H., his native town. 



Brevet IJriiyadier General Samuel Breck. 

A native of Middleboro and a representative of one of the oldest 
Massachusetts families, was in the United States Army and an assist- 
ant professor at West Point when the civil war began. Pie graduated 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



S89 



in the class of 1855, was commissioned second lieutenant of the 
First Artillery and entered service in Florida, where he was em- 
ployed in the last war against the Seminole Indians. Afterward, 
from 185G to 1860, he was stationed at various forts on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and from the latter date to Deeemljcr 3, 1801, was 
at the Military Academy, having been promoted to first lieutenant. 
He then took the position of assistant adjutant general on the staff 
of General McDowell, wdiich he I'ctaincd till the 30th of June. 1802, 




Hrbvht BKir;. Gen. Samuel Brkck. 



serving the Army of the Totomac in the defenses of Washington, 
in the First Army Corps, in the Department of the Rappahannock, 
and the expedition to the Shenandoah Valley in May and June, 
1802. On the 2d of July he took a position as assistant in the 
adjutant general's oftice at Washington, where he served during the 
remainder of the war, in charge of " rolls, returns, books, Ijlanks 
and business pertaining to the enlisted men of the regular and 
volunteer forces," and the like. He was commissioned captain 
November 29, 1801 ; major May 23, 1802, and was successively 
brevetted lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general in tlie 
regular army, the two latter being bestowed March 13, 1865, " for 



890 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



diligent, faithful and meritorious service in the adjutant general's 
department during the rebellion." He is still in active service as 
assistant adjutant general with the rank of lieutenant colonel. 



Brigadier General Henry S. Briggrs, 

Son of Governor George N. Briggs, was a lawyer at Pittsfield at 
the opening of the war and was captain of the Allen Guards of 
that town. Tendering the services of his command, he was sum- 
moned from an important law case at Boston to join the Eighth 




Brig. Gen. Henrv S. Briggs. 



Regiment under the first call, and met his company at Springfield 
en route to Washington. From this service he was discharged 
June 10, 1861, to be commissioned colonel of the Tenth Regiment, 
which he commanded up to the battle of Fair Oaks, where he was 
severely wounded while bravely fighting his regiment against supe- 
rior numbers. His commission as brigadier dated from the 17th 
of June, 1862, and September 10 he established a camp of instruc- 
tion for a brigade of fresh troops at Arlington Hights. About the 
close of the month he was sent in charge of 15 new regiments to 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 801 

reinforce the army under General McClcllan, himself taking com- 
mand of the Second JJrigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps. Before 
the movement of the Army of the Potomac, however, his imperfect 
recovery obliged him to again rctnrn to Masssachusctts. During 
the following winter he was assigned a command with head-([uarters 
at lialtimorc extending from Fi-ederick to Annapolis, a part of 
General Schenck's Middle Department. During the retreat of Lee 
from Gettysburg, General Isriggs joined the Army of the Potomac 
with reinforcements and for a short time held a command in the 
First Corps. In August, 1863, he was placed in charge of a ren- 
dezvous for drafted and enlisted men at Alexandria, where he re- 
mained till July, 1804 ; afterward serving on general court-martial 
at Washington till December 6, 1865, when he was finally mustered 
out, after four and a half years of devoted service. General Briggs 
died at his home in Pittsficld September 23, 1887. 



Brevet Brigadier General Horace Brooks 

Was a son of Massachusetts, from which he entered West Point 
Military Academy July 1, 1831, being appointed through the appli- 
cation of General Lafayette. He graduated in the class of 1835, 
receiving the brevet of second lieutenant, Second United States 
Artillery, and at once entered active service. Before the chjse of 
the year he received a commission as second and was brevetted 
lirst lieutenant for gallant conduct against the Florida Indians. 
During the Mexican war he was twice brevetted, the last being as 
lieutenant colonel, he having already attained the rank of captain, 
which he held till the opening of the civil war, which found him in 
command of the light battery school at Fort Leavenworth. His 
command was removed to Fort McIIenry, near Baltimore, which 
he })rocceded to put in order, and on the 22d of February, 1861, 
passed his companies in review before President Buchanan — the 
event causing much excitement. Soon after he was placed in com- 
mand of a steamer sailing with sealed orders which proved to be for 
Fort Pickens, Pensacola, where with the two companies under his 
command he arrived April 21, and the next day took part in the 
council of war which was held to- determine whether the fort should 
be held or surrendered. After the Mason and Slidell capture he 
was sent to the Tortugas to make preparations there f(U- whatever 



892 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



might result. Being relieved by a volunteer regiment he was ordered 
to Ohio as superintendent of the recruiting service and mustering 
and disbursing officer for the United States, taking with him a mill- 
ion dollars. During 1861 he had been promoted successively to 
major and lieutenant colonel, and on the 1st of August, 1863, he 
was made colonel of the Fourth United States Artillery and was 



# 



I / 













Brevet Brig, Gen. Horace Brooks. 

transferred to the defenses of Washington, where he was on duty 
at the time of General Early's threatened attack the following 
summer. He received the brevet of brigadier general in the United 
States Army to date from the 13th of March, 1865, for meritorious 
services during the war, and remained colonel of the Fourth Artil- 
lery till the 10th of January, 1877, when he was placed on the re- 
tired list after almost 46 years in the service of his country. 



Brevet Brigadier General Sidney Burbank, 

A son of Massachusetts and a graduate of the Military Academy 
at West Point in the class of 1829, was on graduation commis- 
sioned second lieutenant in the First Infantry, and for 30 years 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 893 

served principally in garrison, frontier and recruitino; duty. He 
took part in the Black Hawk and Florida wars with the Indians, 
and was for nearly four years assistant instructor at the Military 
Academy. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Thir- 
teenth Retiular Infantry, May 14, 1861, and colonel of the Second 
Infantry Septeml)or 1(3, 1862. In the spring of 18<)3 he entered 
the field in command of one of the regular brigades of the Fifth 
Corps, having up to that time been engaged in recruiting service. 
He served in this capacity at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; in 
the last-named his command — Second Brigade, Second Division, 
Fifth Corps — rendering brilliant service at the cost of one-half its 
numbers. He successfully commanded the First Brigade of Regu- 
lars till January, 1864, when he took charge of the camp for drafted 
men at Columbus, 0., remaining till midsummer, when with his 
regiment he was stationed at Newport Barracks, Ky., where he 
remained till the close of the war. His brevet dated from March 
13, 1865, and was conferred " for gallant and meritorious service at 
the battle of Gettysburg." General Burljank died at Newport, Ivy., 
December 7, 1882. 

Major General Benjamin F. Bntler, 

Of Lowell, was when the rebellion broke out engaged in the prac- 
tice of law at Boston. He had long been identified with the militia 
of the State and at that time was a brigadier general, ranking 
third, in the state organization. He was also a noted democratic 
politician and had taken a prominent part in the Charleston con- 
vention of the previous April. When Sumter was fired upon and 
Massachusetts Avas called on for two regiments, the requisition 
being speedily enlarged to include four regiments and a brigade com- 
mander. General Butler, though not the ranking brigadier, obtained 
the appointment and at once set out, accom|)anying the Eighth 
Regiment by way of Springfield and New York to Fhiladelphia, 
where on the 19th of April, 1861, news was received of the not in 
Baltimore during the passage of the Sixth Massachusetts, the clos- 
ing of railroad and telegraphic communication and the cutting off 
of Washington from the loyal states. After a night of consulta- 
tion and investigation, General Butler decided to join forces with 
the Seventh New York Regiment, then on its way under command 
of Colonel Lefferts, and move by way of Annapolis. Colonel 



S!)4 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



Lefferts declining to join in the enterprise, General Butler with the 
Eighth Regiment took cars to Perryville, where he boarded the 
ferryboat Maryland and steamed to Annapolis. There a landing 
was made on the 21st, the United States school-ship Constitution 
was rescued from the danger of capture to which she had been for 
some time exposed and sent to New York with a detachment of 
the Eighth aboard, while the rest of the regiment landed and pre- 
pared to open the railroad to Annapolis Junction and thus restore 
communication with Washin2;tom. Before the able artisans had 




Major General Benj. F. Butler. 



completed the task of repairing the railroad, bridges and rolling 
stock, an order from General Scott, commander-in-chief, directed 
General Butler to remain at Annapolis in command, and for some 
time the valiant general was occupied in receiving and forwarding by 
the route which he had opened the thousands of troops that came 
pouring in from the loyal states in response to the President's call. 
General Butler then went to Washington for a conference with 
General Scott and other authorities in regard to the course to be 
pursued, the result of which was that on the 4th of May he moved 
two regiments, including the Sixth Massachusetts, and a battery to 



GENERAL OFFICERS. siC) 

Relay House, i few miles fi'<»in Baltimore, — all these points bciiiu- 
within the Department of Aiinajiolis of which he had l)een made 
commander. From Relay House, on the evening of May 13, Gen- 
eral Butler l)acked a railroad train containing a considerable part 
of his force to the city of Baltimore, and under cover of a heavy 
thunder storm took possession of Federal Mill, almost unobserved, 
whence on the following moining ho issued a })roclamatlon announc- 
ing his pur{)Oses. This occupation of Baltimore displeased (General 
Scott, however, and on the IrJth the troops were withdrawn to 
Relay House and General Cadwalader succeeded to the command. 
General Butler on reporting at Washington was commissioned a 
major general of volunteers — the first commission of that grade 
issued — and was made commander of the Department of Virginia, 
embracing the country within bO miles of Fortress Monroe, with 
head-(puirters at that stronghold. This command he held till the 
18th of August, the most important event during the time in a 
military way being the expedition against the Confederates under 
General Magruder on the night of June 9 and the skirmish — for 
battle it can hardly be called — at Great ]]ethel the next day. He 
was then relieved of the command of the department. General 
John E. "Wool being his successor. 

Being assigned to no other field of usefulness, General Butler 
asked one at the hands of General Wool, and for a time commanded 
the troops encamped outside the fort. He had already arranged 
an exi)cdition for the capture of the Confederate forts at Hatteras 
Inlet, and that being about to sail he accompanied it and received 
the surrender of the fortifications. Having provided for the per- 
manent occupation of that post by the United States government, 
General Butler repaired to Washington and obtained authority to 
recruit six regiments in New England for an expedition, the order 
bearing date of Sei»tember 10, 1861. In his zeal to fill the regi- 
ments he became involved in a serious quarrel with (xovernor 
Andrew over the two from Massachusetts ; but in the early part of 
the winter following the organizations were completed and after 
much deliberation New Orleans was selected as the objective point. 
Arrangements having been made for the co-operation of a naval 
force under Captain Farragut, General Butler and his command of 
about 15,000 men sailed for Ship Island, off the Mississipj)i coast, 
which was made the rendezvous for the expedition. The forces 



896 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

were ready March 25, 1862, but the fleet did not get across the bar 
at the mouth of the Mississippi river till April 16, when the attack 
on Forts St. Philip and Jackson, the running of the batteries by a 
portion of the war vessels, the destruction of the Confederate fleet, 
the surrender of New Orleans, followed by that of the forts, and the 
establishment of General Butler at the Crescent City succeeded 
rapidly. The vigorous measures of the commander for the preser- 
vation of peace, his charitable steps for the relief of suffering and 
in furnishing labor for the unemployed, his sanitary care for the 
health of the troops and the citizens, were all characteristic of the 
man's unflagging energy. From May 1 to December 15 he com- 
manded the Department of the Gulf, with head-quarters at New 
Orleans, when he was relieved by General Banks. 

General Butler was not immediately assigned to a command, but 
in December, 1863, he succeeded General Foster in command of 
the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, with head-quarters 
at Fortress Monroe, the Department including the state of North 
Carolina and that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock river 
and cast of the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad. General 
Butler's first important enterprise after assuming his new com- 
mand was an attempt to capture Richmond by the dash of a light 
column under General Wistar, aided by a diversion on the part of 
the Army of the Potomac, early in February, 1864, l)ut the attempt 
came to naught. The Army of the James was meantime organized, 
consisting of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps and a force of cavalry, 
with which General Butler operated against Richmond and Peters- 
burg during the following spring and summer in support of and 
often in active co-operation with the Army of the Potomac. During 
the autumn a great piece of engineering work was accomplished by 
the colored soldiers of the army in the digging of the Dutch Gap 
Canal, which ])y cutting off a considerable Ijend in the James river 
would it was hoped avoid several strong Confederate fortifications 
and allow the approach of Union war vessels nearer to Richmond. 
The bulkhead of earth was blown out on the 1st of January, 1865, 
but the result was a failure. At the presidential election of 1864, 
General Butler was ordered to New York to keep the peace, and on 
his return took part in the operations against Fort Fisher, the main 
defense of Wilmington, N. C. Preliminary to the combined naval 
and military attack, a vessel loaded with 215 tons of powder was 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 897 

run near to the fort and exploded, in llic li()}ie of demolisliinir the 
fortifications, though the result ])r()ved the effect to be very insiunifi- 
cant. General Butler commanded the land forces intended to act 
in connection witli the ])()\vert'ul tlcet of Admiral Porter, and on the 
25th of December had landed a jiortion of them, when the weather 
becoming so rough as to prevent further operations, and hearing 
that hostile reinforcements were near, the general felt justilied in 
re-embarking his troops and temporarily abandoning the attempt. 
This result was a great disappointment to the country and especially 
to General Grant, who relieved General Butler of his command. 
He was succeeded in the command of the Department and the Army 
of the James by General E. 0. C. Ord, and did not again take the 
field during the war, resigning his commission November 30, 18G5. 



Brevet Brigadier General Sumner Carruth 

Was one of the original captains of the First Massachusetts Regi- 
ment, enlisting from Chelsea, and served with that regiment till the 
battle of Fair Oaks, when he was severely wounded in the arm and 
returned to Massachusetts where he was commissioned major of the 
Thirty-lifth Regiment, which he commanded at Antietam, where he 
was wounded in the neck, having previously been advanced to the 
rank of lieutenant colonel. On the 14th of November, at Faucjuier 
White Sulphur Springs, having crossed the Rappahannock in search 
of food, Lieutenant Colonel Carruth was captured by a scouting party 
of the enemy, but was exchanged and rejoined his regiment at New- 
port News, accompanying it to Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi, 
being commissioned colonel A])ril 25, 1863. Though sufl'ering 
much from ill-health during subsequent campaigns. Colonel Carruth 
when able to take the field Avas often in command of his brigade, 
and at the reorganization of the Ninth Corps for the campaign of 
1864 he was appointed to command the First Brigade, First Divis- 
ion, composed of four regiments of Massachusetts soldiers and two 
of Regulars. After this he was not much with the regiment till the 
closing days of its service, after it became a part of General Potters 
Division and Colonel Curtin's Brigade, when he again took charge 
of the Thirty-fifth and returned with it to Massachusetts at the 
close of the war, his brevet of bricradier treneral of volunteers dating 
from April 2, I860. 



898 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Breret Brigadier Gleueral Samuel E. Chamberlain 

Of Cambridge had seen active military service previous to the war 
of the rebellion, having enlisted in the First United States Dragoons 
in 1846, before reaching the age of 16. He took part in many of 
the principal engagements in Mexico, and afterward served with 
a company of Rangers employed by the governor of Durango in 
suppressing Apache outrages in Arizona. In the fall of 1853 he was 
a member of Walker's expedition for the conquest of Lower Cali- 
fornia, and took part in three actions which resulted. With this 







BRn\ET Brig. Gen, S. E. Chamberlain. 

experience he was well qualified to receive the commission of lirst 
lieutenant of Company C, Third Massachusetts Militia, which was 
given him when that regiment with others was called on April 17, 
1861, for three months' service of the national government. He 
commanded his company during a part of its term, and when the 
regiment returned to Massachusetts he enlisted as a private in the 
First Massachusetts Cavalry, but was commissioned captain Novem- 
ber 25, 1861. He became major October 30, 1862, and lieutenant 
colonel March 5, 1864. He was commissioned colonel to date 
from the 30th of September following, but was not mustered to 



I 

^. r 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 81H) 

that rank. While servino; with the rc^imont lie took part in 35 
engagements, besides numerous cavalry demonstrations, and was 
seven times wounded — at Poolesville (captured), Kelly's Ford 
(severely), Brandy Station, St. Mary's Church, Malvern Hill, 
Reams Station and Boydtown Plank Road. During the winter of 
1862 and spring of 18G3 he was chief of staff to (Jeni'ral W. W. 
Averell till wounded at Kelly's Ford, and in the winter of 18(!4 
commanded Camj) Parole at Auna])olis. He was mustered out at 
the final discharge of the regiment, July 28, 1865, but was at once 
commissioned colonel of the Fifth ^lassachusetts Cavalry, then 
stationed in Texas, joined the command and served with it till its 
muster out at the close of October, 1865. He received the brevet 
of brigadier general to date from the 24th of February, 1865, for 
gallant and meritorious conduct in covering the retreat of Gregg's 
Division of cavalry at the disastrous battle of St. Mary's Church. 
In 1866 he Avas appointed assistant quartermaster general with the 
rank of colonel on the staff of Governor Bullock ; in 1871 was ap- 
pointed warden of the state-prison of Massachusetts, held the posi- 
tion for ten vears and resitrncd in 1S81. 



Brevet Brigadier General Thomas E. Chickering 

Of Boston was for many years previous to the war a vahiablc officer 
in the Massachusetts Militia, at one time commanding the New 
England (niards. He was made colonel of the Forty-lirst Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers, with commission dating from Sejjtcmber 15, 
1862, and left the state with his command November 5 following to 
join the expedition of General Banks for Louisiana. Apart from 
his duties with the regiment, he was fre(|uently assigned to responsi- 
ble positions of wider scope. Early in March, I860, ho connuanded 
an expedition from Baton Rouge for the destruction of bridges over 
the Comite river, and returning from the successful prosecution of 
this object was placed in command of the post at Baton Rouge 
while the bulk of the ai-my under (ieneral Banks made a demon- 
stration to the rear of Port Hudson. During the movement of 
Banks's army through the interior of Louisiana he was successively 
military governor of Opelousas and connnandant of the military 
depot at Barre's Landing. On the ITtli of June, his regiment was 
transformed into the Third Massachusetts Cavalrv and assiirned to 



900 



MASSACHUSETTS IN Tilt: WAB. 



the brigade of General Grierson, engaged in outpost and scouting 
duty in connection with the various movements of the Army of the 
Gulf. Colonel Chickering resigned his commission on the 1st of 




Brevet Brig. Gen T. E. Chickering. 



September, 1864, and received the brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers from the 13th of March, 1865. He died at his home in 
Boston on the 14th of February, 1871. 



Brevet Brig-adier General Robert E. Clary, 

A native of Springfield, was appointed from Massachusetts to the 
military academy at West Point in 1823, graduating July 1, 1828, 
when he was commissioned second lieutenant of the First Infantry. 
He served in various portions of the country, rising through the 
successive grades till the opening of the rebellion found him a staff 
major and chief quartermaster of the department of Utah. His 
service was principally in the quartermaster's department, and he 
was chief quartermaster of the Department of West Virginia from 
November, 1861, to July, 1862, then of the Army of Virginia under 



GENERAL OFFICERS. !MH 

General Pope ; then of the Department of the Northwest to the 20th 
of March, 18G3. He then served in the (luurtormaster general's 
othce at Washington till August 24, 18G4, when he was placed in 
charge of the Memphis depot, where he remained till the close of 
the war. He Avas commissioned lieutenant colonel in the regular 
line April 15, 1864, colonel July 20, 18t»G, and was retired, being 
over 62 years of age, on the 22d of February, 1869. He was brevetted 
brigadier general on the 13tli of March, 18t)5, on account of faithful 
and meritorious services during the rebellion. 



Brevet Brigadier General William Cogswell 

Left his law office at Salem to raise a company for the Second Regi- 
ment, and entered the service May 24, 1861, as captain in that 
organization, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel October 23, 
1862, and on the 6th of June following being ])romoted to the 
colonelcy. He commanded the regiment most of the time from An- 
tictam to Atlanta, and was post commandant at the latter place. At 
Savannah on the loth of December following, he received the brevet 
of brigadier general of volunteers and a month later was assigned 
to the command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth 
Corps. He led his command through the Carolinas, rendering valu- 
able service at the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, and was 
mustered out of service June 25, 1865. 



Brevet Major General Cyrus B. Comstock 

Was honi in Massachusetts in 1831, entered the Military Academy 
at West Point at the age of 20 and graduated in 1855, receiving 
during the autumn of that year a commission as second lieutenant 
of Engineers. During the next four years he was engaged in the 
ordinary duties of his rank, and from 1859 to 1861 was an assist- 
ant instructor at West Point, being commissioned first lieutenant 
July 1, 1860. While Washington was being fortified during the 
latter part of 18r»l and the following winter, he served efficiently 
under General Barnard, the chief engineer, as he did in the Penin- 
sular campaign of 1862, and at South Mountain and Antietam. Dur- 
ing the winter and spring following he was chief engineer of the 
Army of the Potomac, but early in 1863 was transferred to the De- 



902 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



partment of the Tennessee and as chief engineer of the Army of 
the Tennessee took part in the siege of Vicksburg, for which he 
received the brevet of major, having in March been commissioned 
captain. On the 19th of November he was made assistant inspector 
general of the Department of the Mississippi, with the rank of 
lieutenant colonel of vohmteers, which he held till the 28th of 
March, 1864, when he was made a member of Lieutenant General 
Grant's staff, being for some two years senior aide. In this position 
he rendered valuable service, receiving the brevet of lieutenant 




" 


i>=^9?^ 


" ' '' 



Brevet Major General C. Comstock. 



colonel for the ]mrt taken in the battle of the Wilderness. He was 
chief engineer of the Fort Fisher expedition of 1865, winning there 
the brevet of colonel ; and was senior engineer of the operations 
of General Canby against Mobile, where he obtained the additional 
brevet of brigadier general. United States Army. He also received 
in the volunteer service the brevets of colonel and brigadier gen- 
eral for gallant and meritorious services in the capture of Fort 
Fisher, and of majoi' general for his part in the campaign against 
Mobile, the three Fort Fisher brevets dating from the 15th of Janu- 
ary and that of major general from the 26th of ]\Iarch, 1865. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. '•»<« 

After the close of the war he remained on the staff of the general 
of the army till May 3, 1870, when he returned to duty in the engi- 
neer department. He is a meml)er of the National Academy of 
Sciences, of the Permanent Board of i-liiiiiueers, and President of 
the ^Mississippi River Commission, and was author of the rejjort on 
the Primary Triangulation of the United States Lake Survey. 



Major (lieiUM-al Darius N. Couch, 

Native of New York, was appointed from that state to the Military 
Academy at West Point in 1842, graduating four years later and 
being made brevet second lieutenant of the Fourth Artillery. In 




Majok General Darii's N Couch. 

The war with Mexico he received a commission as second and brevet 
as llrst lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct at the Ijattle 
of Buena Yista. Subsequently he was in garrison at Fortress Mon- 
roe, Fort Pickens and at Key West Barracks, where he was in 
command, and took part in the Seminole war of 1849-50, winning 
the commendation of the Secretary of War for his promptness in 
moving his command up the east coast of Florida for the protec- 



904 MASSACHUSETTS IJ^ THE WAR. 

tion of the settlers. Resigning from Fort Leavenworth, Kan., in 
1855, he located at Taunton three years later, and was engaged in 
the manufacture of copper sheathing when the war broke out. 
Offering his services to Governor Andrew, he was authorized to 
raise the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, was commissioned its 
colonel and accompanied it to Washington. Taking command of 
the brigade of which his regiment formed a part, he received the 
commission of brigadier general of volunteers dating from May 
17, 1861, continuing in command during the fall and winter at 
Brightwood in the northern defenses of Washington. In the 
organization of the Army of the Potomac for the Peninsular cam- 
paign in the spring of 1862, General Couch was given command of 
a division of the Fourth Corps, holding the left of the Union line 
during the siege of Yorktown and in the subsequent campaign 
rendering signal service at the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, 
Glendale and Malvern Hill. Moving his division to Alexandria in 
support of Pope's retreat from Manassas, he joined in the Mary- 
land campaign which succeeded it, having again the left of the 
army and consequently taking no active part in the battle of An- 
tietam. Having been commissioned major general of volunteers 
dating from July 4, 1862, he was in October given command of the 
Second Corps at Harper's Ferry. At Fredericksburg his corps 
bore the brunt of the fight, losing over 4000 ofiicers and men in 
the attempt to carry the enemy's works on the bights above the 
city. The same corps, under his command at Chancellorsville lost 
more than 2000, attesting the earnest and deadly nature of its 
work. Soon after the battle General Couch was obliged by ill- 
health to forego an active command, though his name was at the 
time under consideration by the President as the successor to 
Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac. Declining to 
be considered himself. General Couch suggested to Mr. Lincoln 
the name' of General Meade as being best fitted for the responsil)le 
place — a suggestion which was some time later acted upon. In 
June, 1863, the Department of the Susquehanna was created and 
placed under command of General Couch, with head-quarters at 
Harrisburg, and he was instructed to raise and organize a force of 
militia to resist the invasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederates 
■ under Lee. Considering the limited time and all elements of the 
material at hand, much ability was displayed by General Couch in 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 005 

this field, while the defeat of the invaders at Gettysburg assured 
to the loyal states immunity from future irruptions in force. Tiie 
department was continued under the same command, however, till 
November, 1864, when General Couch was directed to report to 
General Thomas at Nashville, then besieged by Hood's army. On 
reaching the city General Couch was assigned by Thomas to the 
command of the Fourth Corps, but that arrangement not meeting 
the approval of the Washington authorities he was given command 
of the Second Division, Twenty -third Corps. In the battle of 
Nashville which soon followed this division bore an honorable part, 
operating against the enemy's left, and cai)turing guns and pris- 
oners. During the winter the corps, commanded by General Scho- 
ficld, was transferred by way of Washington to North Carolina. 
Couch's Division started from Wilmiugton on the 6th of March, 
1865, to effect a junction with the rest of the corps under Schofield 
advancing from Newborn, the point of junction being Kinston and 
the destination Goldsboro. This march of the Second Division 
was made with such celerity, notwithstanding some formidable 
obstacles, that the enemy who had successfully attacked Scholield 
were compelled to retire, leaving that officer's route to Kinston 
open. ()n the 25th of March General Couch took position at Mos- 
ley Hall, midway between Kinston and (Joldsboro, to protect supply 
trains ruuning from Kinston to (Jeneral Sherman's lu'ad-([uarters 
at Goldsboro. The plan adopted by General Couch in this impor- 
tant duty was so perfect that not a train carrying stores to the 
needy troo))s was attacked. Instead of undertaking to closely 
guard the 30 miles of railway, he kept the enemy, who lay on his 
Hank, under constant alarm by daily pushing bodies of troops in 
their direction, adopting daily a different route, thus keeping the 
entire Confederate force constantly on the alert for their own 
safety. The war being finished. General Couch, having served ably 
and faithfully in whatever station he had been placed, offered his 
resignation, which was accepted June 9, 1865. At the deposit of 
the Imttle-flags of the returned regiments at the State House, Dec- 
ember 22, 1865, where they are still sacredly preserved, General 
Couch, with General Edward W. Iliucks as chief of staff', com- 
numded the column of veterans representing nearly every command 
which went from the state, as they proudly bore the tattered stand- 
ards to their final resting place. 



906 MASSACHUSErrS IN THE WAR. 

Brigadier General Robert Cowdin, 

Of Boston, was colonel of the First Massachusetts Regiment of 
Massachusetts Militia when the war broke out, and on his com- 
mand being reorganized for the three-years' service he retained the 
rank, leading his regiment through its earlier experiences, includ- 
ing the battle of Blackburn's Ford. In October following, as sen- 
ior colonel he took command of the brigade, which was ordered to 
duty on the Maryland shore of the Potomac below Washington, 
which command he retained till February 17. 1862, when he re- 
turned to the regiment and with it shared the experiences of the 
Peninsular and Manassas campaigns. Again taking command of 
the brigade (Grover's), on the 1st of September, Colonel Cowdin 
retained that position during the month, when he received from the 
President the appointment of brigadier general for distinguished 
conduct at the battle of Williamsburg. Reporting to Washington 
for orders, he was assigned to the Second Brigade of Abercrombie's 
Division, located near Upton's Hill, Va., with which he served till 
the adjournment of Congress on the 4th of March, 1863, when, 
that body having failed to confirm his appointment, his commission 
expired, he returned to Massachusetts and did not again enter the 
field. General Cowdin died of cancer of the stomach, July 9, 1874. 



Brevet Brigadier General Charles H. Crane, M. D., 

Born in Rhode Island in 1825, graduated from Yale College in 1844 
and fruni the Medical Department of Harvard University in 1847. 
He was approved for medical service in the United States Army a 
few months later, and early in 1848 joined the army in Mexico, as 
assistant surgeon. He served later on the Atlantic Coast, in Flor- 
ida and on the Pacific Coast till 1856, rendering valuable service 
during the Indian troubles there. He was then for more than two 
years a member of an examining board, and at the outbreak of the 
rebellion was on duty at army head-quarters. He was made full 
surgeon on the 21st of May, 1861, and was on duty at Key West 
and in the Department of the South till September, 1863, when he 
entered the surgeon general's office at Washington. Dating from 
the 13th of March, 1865, he was brevetted lieutenant colonel, and 
brigadier general in the regular army in appreciation of his serv- 
ices. He was afterward medical director of the Department of the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



907 



Sou-th, was made colonel and assistant surucon jreneral July 28, 
1806, and on the 3d of July, 1882, was promoted to be surgeon 





Surgeon General Charles H. Crane. 



general of the United States Army — a position which he had filled 
much of the time during his lesser rank. He died at Washington 
on the 10th of October, 1883. 



Brevet Major General George H. Crosman 

Was appointed from his native Massachusetts to the Military Acad- 
emy at West Point in 1819 and graduated four years later, when 
he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Sixth United States 
Infantry. He served in various portions of the country, largely in 
the commissary or quartermaster departments, taking part in the 
Black Hawk war of 1832, and in the Indian war of 1836-7 served 
as chief quartermaster. He also held the same rank in the occu- 
pation of Texas preceding the Mexican wai-, and was hrovettcd 
major for gallant service at the battle of Palo Alto. His duties 
were thenceforth entirely connected with the quartermaster's de- 



908 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 



partment, at St. Louis and in the department of Utah till the fall 
of 1860. During the rebellion he served as chief quartermaster of 
the Department of Pennsylvania and the Shenandoah from April 
29 to August 24, 1861, being afterward depot quartermaster at 




Brevet Major General George H. Crosman. 

Philadelphia till after the close of the war. He attained to the 
rank of colonel February 26, 1863, and March 18, 1865, was bre- 
vetted brigadier general and major general, United States Army, 
for "faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion." He 
was retired July 26, 1866, being over 62 years of age, and died at 
Philadelphia May 28, 1882. 



BrcTet Brigadier General Caspar Crowninsliield 

Of Boston entered the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers as cap- 
tain, his commission dating from July 10, 1861. He served with 
that regiment but a short time, being commissioned captain in the 
First Massachusetts Cavalry on the 25th of November. After 
serving with the First till the following summer, he was commis- 
sioned senior major of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry and led 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 5109 

the first detachment of five comiianies ot that resriment which loft 
the state on the 12th of Fcbniaiy, 1868, his commission datini-- from 
the 30th of Januaiy. With this l)attalion he served on the Viruinia 
Peninsula till ordered to the vicinity of \V:isliin<>'tun to join the rest 
of the reuMment under Colonel Lowell; but as the latter most of the 
time commanded a brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Russell was ab- 
sent, Major Crowninshield was much of the time commanding offi- 
cer of the Second till the close of the war. fie was ))romoted to 
lieutenant colonel March 1, 1864, and on the death of Colonel Low- 
ell, October 21 of that year, he succeeded to the colonelcy. He led 
the brigade of which his regiment formed a part in the final grand 
charge at Cedar Creek, and in subse(iuent o])crations, and thence- 
forth to the close of the war he was sometimes at the head of his 
regiment and sometimes had a larger command. After the sur- 
render of the Confederate armies, his regiment being encamped 
within the Washington defenses and the muster out of the volun- 
teer army being in progress, he resigned his commission on the 
IGtli of June, 1865, anlicipating by about a month the return to 
Massachusetts of his couimand. His brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers dated, as did so many others, from March 13, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General James A. Ciiniiiugliam 

Of Gloucester was mustered into the national service November 18, 
1861, as first lieutenant of Company D, First Battalion Massachu- 
setts Infantry, having previously seen service with the state militia. 
His company formed part of the garrison of Fort Warren in Bos- 
ton Harbor, and when the battalion was enlarged from four com- 
panies to six he was made captain of Comijany F, serving with this 
rank, the battalion having been enlarged to the Thirty-second Regi- 
ment, until the summer of 1864, when by successive promotions he 
was advanced to lieutenant colonel, dating from July 30, 1864. 
Colonel Edmands being disaljled at the battle of Peebles Farm, 
September 30, Lieutenant Colonel Cunningham thenceforth com- 
manded the regiment during the remainder of its term of service. 
On the morning of April 2, 1865, in command of a l)rigade of skir- 
mishers, he i)ushed his way through from the Five Forks battle-field 
to the Southside Railroad, where he made large captures of Con- 
federates and army stores. For this brilliant achievement he ro- 



910 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

ceived the brevet of brigadier general dating from April 1. On the 
morning of the 9th he met the first flag of truce heralding the sur- 
render of Lee's army. He \Yas mustered out of service with his regi- 
ment on the 29th of June, and undel* Governor Andrew's successors 
he was for many years the efficient adjutant general of the state. 



Brevet Brigadier General Arthur R. Curtis 

Of Boston was commissioned second lieutenant in the Twentieth 
Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers from the 25th of November, 
1861, and first lieutenant from the 16th of January following. As 
such he served through the campaigns of 1862, being wounded in 
the leg at Fredericksburg. His promotion to captain dated from 
the 14th of December, 1862, and with that rank he served till the 
spring of 1864. The casualties in the battle of the Wilderness, 
May 6, left him senior officer on duty, and he commanded the regi- 
ment for 12 days, being badly wounded and made prisoner on the 
18th before Spottsylvania. Recovering and being exchanged, he 
returned to the Twentieth on the 12th of January, 1865, having 
been promoted to major May 7 and lieutenant colonel June 20, 
1864. He commanded the regiment during the movements of the 
spring of 1865 and till the 29th of May, when the war being ended 
and the army assembled near Washington, he resigned his com- 
mission. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from 
the 13th of March, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General Greely S. Curtis 

Of Boston was one of the enthusiastic leaders in the formation of 
the famous Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, with which 
he entered the service as captain of Company B, May 24, 1861. 
He served in that capacity till the following autumn, when he was 
commissioned major of the First Massachusetts Cavalry, October 
31, and led the first battalion of that arm of the service which left 
after the opening of the war. In May following he commanded 
the regiment in the James Island expedition against Charleston 
and on the return of Colonel Williams to the regular army was 
made lieutenant colonel dating from October 30, 1862. He was 
again in command of the reuimcnt at Kelly's Ford on the 17th of 



GENERAL OFFICE US. 



911 



March, 1863, and till after the battle of Gettysburg. Disability 
from ill-health caused his resignation March 4, 1864, after a little 
less than three years' faithful service. His brevet of brigadier gen- 
eral of volunteers dated from Mai-ch 13, 1865. 



Breyet Brij^adier General Nelson H. Daris, 

U. S. A., was at the ojiening of the war a ca])tain in the .Second 
United States Infantry, having been appointed to tbe ]\Iilitary 
Academy from Massachusetts, graduating in 1845 and serving in 
the Mexican war with distinction, winninu' a brevet. He was com- 




Bkevet I'.RK. Hbn. Nelson H Davis. 

missioned colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment Septem- 
ber 4, 1861, but served in that capacity loss than three months, dur- 
ing which time he did much to bring his connuand to a high state 
of etliciency. Resigning his commission as colonel November 18, 
he was appointed inspector general on the statf of General Sumner, 
and retained that position till after the siege of Yorktown the fol- 
lowing spring, when he was assigned to duty at General McClellan's 
head-quarters. Being relieved at his own request after the acces- 



912 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

sion of General Burnside to the command in November followin<^, 
he was soon after sent to Tennessee to make investigations in Gen- 
eral Rosecrans's army. Returning- to Washington, he was at the. 
request of General Hooker assigned to duty at head-quarters of the 
Army of the Potomac, where he served till October following, win- 
ning the brevet of lieutenant colonel in the regular army for gallant 
conduct at Gettysburg. In October, 1863, he was assigned to duty 
under General Carleton in the Department of New Mexico, with 
head-quarters at Santa Fe, and in fighting the Apaches in Arizona 
the following year won the rank of colonel. Dating from the loth 
of March, 1865, he received the brevet of brigadier general in the 
regular army, but continued on duty in the Department of New 
Mexico till the summer of 1867. From tliat time General Davis 
served at head-quarters of the various departments or under the 
direct orders of the Secretary of War till on the death of General 
D. B. Sacket, inspector general of the army, General Davis was on 
the 8th of March, 1885, appointed to the vacancy, with the rank of 
brigadier general. This position he filled till the 20th of September 
following, when he was placed on the retired list by the operation 
of law, after 40 years of honorable and active service. 



Brevet Major General Charles Devens, Jr., 

A lawyer of Worcester, was not identified with the militia service 
at the outbreak of the rebellion, but promptly accepted the com- 
mand of the Third Battalion of Rifles with the rank of major, leav- 
ing unfinished a case on which he was engaged in the Supreme 
Court, He was ordered on the 20th of April to set out with his 
command for the endangered capital, and that evening left Worces- 
ter for W^ashington by way of Ne^ York and Annapolis. From 
the latter city he was ordered to Fort McHenry at Baltimore, the 
presence of his command assuring the safety of that stronghold 
and no doubt doing much toward the reten'ion of Maryland to the 
Union. Before the term of service of the battalion expired Major 
Devens was on the 15th of July, 1861, commissioned as colonel of 
the Fifteenth Regiment, then being recruited at Worcester, and with 
that organization he went to the front for the second time. Being 
stationed with his regiment at Poolesville, Md., late in August, 
Colonel Devens was sent across the Potomac on the night of the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



'.ii;; 



20th of October, with instructions to find and break up a supi)oscd 
Confederate camp on the Yiririnia side. The result was the dis- 
astrous battle of Ball's Bluff, in wliich (he re<riment lost heavily. 
Colonel Devens, who was sliuhtly wounded, only escapinir by swini- 
niing' across the river, assisted by some of his soldiers. With the 
o])ening- of the Peninsular campaign he was commissioned a Ijriga- 
dier general, dating from April 15, 1862, and on the -M of May 
took command of the Third Bri<jado of Couch's Division of Kevcs's 







Urevet Maj. Gen. Chakles Devens, Jr. 



(Fourth) Corps. At the battle of Fair Oaks, on the 31st of May, 
he received a bullet wound which disabled him for some two months. 
He resumed the command of the brigade July 2(i, and retained it 
till the following spring, being at times in command of the division 
during the absence of (ieneral Couch. At the battle of Fredericks- 
burg he volunteered to lead the passage of the Rappahannock at 
the lower or " Franklin " bridges ; which was done without loss or 
serious resistance, the brigade holding the hostile shore unsupported 
during the night which followed. He also volunteered to cover the 
recrossing after the close of the battle, and did so with equal credit, 



914 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

his command, then known as the Second Brigade, Third Division. 
Sixth Corps, consisting of the Seventh, Tenth and Thij^ty-seventh 
Massachusetts Regiments, Second Rhode Island and Thirty-sixth 
New York. On the 21st of April, 18G3, he bade farewell to the 
brigade, having been assigned to the command of the First Division, 
Eleventh Corps, which he commanded at the battle of Chancellors- 
ville. While striving to rally his command during the rout of May 
2, he was severely wounded in the foot. After the Draft riots of 
the following July, General Devens, not being able to return to 
active duty in the field, was assigned to command the Massachu- 
setts draft rendezvous, in Boston Harbor, where he remained till 
the following spring, when he rejoined the army in the field, taking 
a command in the Eighteenth Corps at the special request of Gen- 
eral W. F. Smith, its commander, and having part in the engage- 
ments at Port Walthal, Arrowfield Church, etc., under General But- 
ler, then operating from Bermuda Hundred in co-operation with the 
campaign of the Army of the Potomac. When, a little later, 
three divisions were sent under General Smith to join the latter 
army. General Devens commanded one of them — a provisional 
division of three brigades from the Tenth Corps. With this he 
fought bravely at Cold Harbor, but was soon afterward prostrated 
by rheumatic fever, serving during convalescence as president of a 
military commission for the trial of various classes of offenders, 
and when recovered was assigned by General Ord to the command 
of the First Division, Eighteenth Corps. At the reorganization of 
the Army of the James he took command of the Third Division, 
Twenty -Fourth Corps, — the first organization to enter the city of 
Richmond on the 3d of April, 1865, from which day Devens's bre- 
vet of major general of volunteers "' for gallantry and good con- 
duct " was dated, at the request of General Grant. He remained 
with this division till the corps was mustered out of service, when 
he was appointed to the command of the Northeast Military District 
of Virginia, and at the end of August was ordered to the command 
of the Military Division of Charleston, embracing the eastern sec- 
tion of South Carolina, where he remained till the summer of 1866, 
when he was mustered out after more than five years of very honor- 
able service. He served as Attorney General of the United States 
in President Hayes's cabinet, being reappointed afterward to the su- 
preme judicial l)ench of Massachusetts, from which he had resigucd. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



915 



Brevet Brigadier General Arthur F. Dererenx 

Of Salem was at the begiiininj^ of the war cai)taiii of the Salem 
Light Infantry, a Zouave organization of high repute attached to 
the Seventh Regiment, Massachusetts Militia. When the Eighth 
Regiment was sent out on the 18th of April, 1861, for three months' 
service, Captain Devereux's company was attached to that regiment 
as Company J. On the arrival of the Eighth at Annapolis on the 
morning of the 21st, Captain Devereux with his own conijiany and 
some other soldiers from the regiment was j)laced in charge of the 




BRKVEr Bku. Gen. A. F. Devereux, 



frigate Constitution, which was sent to New York. In a special 
order issued at the time, General Butler said : I have authorized 
Ca})tain Devereux to obtain supplies and transportation for himself 
and men wherever he may deem ])roper and the faith and credit of 
the state of Massachusetts are pledged for the jiayment thereof." 
Two days after the muster out of the Eighth, Captain Devereux was 
commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Nineteenth Regiment, and 
on the promotion of Colonel Hincks to a brigadier generalship Deve- 
reux was made colonel, dating from November 29, 1862. As such 



910 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. 

he served till the earl}^ sprin<r of 18G4, when he resigned, on the 
2Tth of February. At the battle of Gettysburg, at the critical 
moment of the third day, when General Pickett's Division of Con- 
federates seemed on the point of breaking the Union line. Colonel 
Devereux obtained of General Hancock permission to put his regi- 
ment into action. His men met the head of Pickett's column breast 
to breast, fighting so closely that the bearer of the Massachusetts 
state flag knocked down Avith his flag staff a Virginia color sergeant 
and took his flag. On the surrender of Pickett's men, Colonel Deve- 
reux had on his arm four colors wrested from the enemy, for which 
he received ofiicial receipts. After the battle he was sent to Mas- 
sachusetts for duty during the draft, and was in command of the 
garrison at the draft rendezvous on Long Island till November, when 
he returned to the army and took command of the Second Brigade, 
Second Division, Second Corps. At Mine Run he was selected to 
lead the forlorn hope in the attempt to turn the Confederate right, but 
the assault was not ordered. His resignation was due to imperative 
family considerations, and was reluctantly tendered. He was 
wounded at Antietam and at the Second Bull Run, and received 
the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from March 13, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General Charles A. R. Bimon 

Of Salem enlisted as a private in Company J, Eighth Massachusetts 
Volunteer Militia, April 17, 1861, and served with it during the 
three months for which it was called into service, the company being 
one of those which boarded the United States frigate Constitution, 
anchored off Annapolis, and escorted her to a place of safety in 
New York harbor. Being mustered out August 1, following, Mr. 
Dimon gave his energies to the organization of the " Eastern Bay 
State Regiment," afterward the Thirtieth Massachusetts, serving 
as adjutant under direction of General Butler and being formally 
commissioned and mustered to that position February 20, 1862. 
In September following he was attached to the staff of Colonel N. 
A. M. Dudley, commanding a brigade, but on the 20th of October 
was commissioned major of .the Second Louisiana Volunteers, a 
white regiment recruited in that state. While adjutant of the 
Thirtieth he took part in the various movements of that command, 
including the operations at the bend opposite Vicksburg, the battle 



GENERAL OFFICEliS. HIT 

of Baton Rouge, etc., and as major of the Louisianians engaged in 
the battle of I'hiins Store, May 10, 18G3, the first reconnaissance 
against Port Hudson five days later, volunteered to lead "the for- 
lorn hope" at the first storming of the works there May 27, and 
also took part in the second assault a few weeks later. On the 1st 
of April, 1864, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the First 
United States Volunteers, a regiment which he was largely iustni- 
mcntal in recruiting from the Confederate prisoners at Point Look- 
out, ;Md. Four months later he was made colonel of the regiment, 
and during August commanded the expedition to Carrituck Sound 
and Sulfolk, Va. Colonel Dimon with his regiment was ordered to 
Dakota in the fall of 1864, on the breaking out of Indian hostilities 
there, and in the discharge of his duties marched six comj)anies of 
his regiment some 600 miles through Dakota territory, built Fort 
Rice on the Missouri river and was in command of the three posts 
of troops stationed from the mouth of the Yellowstone river to 
Fort Rice. The hostile Indians were fought during the winter, but 
the severity of the service is shown by the fact that while he lost 
46 men in action, 86 were lost from scurvy. The following spring 
he was sent by General Pope, commanding the dei)artment, to 
Washington to consult with Secretary Stanton as to the pulicy to be 
pursued toward the Indians, and on his return rode on horseback from 
Kansas City to Fort Rice, 850 miles through a wild, barren country, 
the last 500 miles being made in nine days. A treaty was made with 
the Indians during the summer, and November 27, 1865, General 
Dimon was mustered out of the military sei'vice of the United States 
at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. His brevet rank dated from March 13, 
1865, for "gallant and meritorious services during the war." 



Brevet Brigadier General Alouzo G. Draper 

Of Lynn was mustered into the United States service as captain 
of Company C, Fourteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, July 5, 1861. 
After the regiment had been changed to the First Heavy Artillery 
he was, on the 16th of January, 1863, commissioned major, and 
served in that cajjacity till the 2d of August of that year, when he 
was made colonel of the Second North Carolina \'olunteers (col- 
ored). After serving for a time in North Carolina the regiment 
was transferred \o the Army of the James. Colonel Draper was 



918 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



much of the time in command of the brigade of which his regi- 
ment formed a part, which under General Ord was the First Bri- 
gade, First Division, Twenty-fifth Army Corps. He received his 
brevet to date from October 28, 1864, on account of gallant ser- 
vices rendered in the battle of that date at Fair Oaks during a de- 
monstration of the Army of the James against Richmond. After 
the close of the war he remained in service and died on the 3d of 
September, 1865, from an accidental gunshot wound. 



Brevet Brigadier General William F. Draper 

Of Milford began to serve his country as a private in the Twenty- 
fifth Regiment September 9, 1861, receiving the commission of 








4 






Brevet Bkig. Gbn. William F. Draper. 



second lieutenant October 11, and that of first lieutenant April 15, 
1862. He served with the Signal Corps in North Carolina till the 
formation of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, when he was made captain 
of its Company F, August 12, 1862 ; he was promoted to major 
August 17, 1863, and from the 10th of October following was in 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



019 



command of the regiment with u brief exception diirinu" April, 
1864, till the Gth of May of that }'ear, when he was severely wounded 
in the Wilderness. His commission as lieutenant colonel dated 
lr(jm that day, and on the lOtli of August, having recovered suffi- 
ciently, he resumed the command, which he held till the 12th of 
October, when having completed three years of faithful service he 
retired to private life, receiving the brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers to date from March lo, 1865, "for gallaut and meritori- 
ous services in the field durinu' the war." 



Brevet Brij^adier dieueral Nathan A, M. Dudley 

Of Roxbury was in early life identiiied with the militia ol his state, 
and on the od of March, 1855, was couimissioned lirst licutemmt 




Brf.vet Brig. Gen. N. A .M. Uudlkv. 



of Company E, Tenth United States Infantry, with which he served 
during the next two years in the Indian troubles on the western 
frontier, winning commendation for gallantry at the battle of Blue 
Water, in the fall of 1855, and in other encounters. In the fall of 
1856 he marched with his company from Fort Laramie to Fort 



920 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Snelling in Minnesota, across an unexplored portion of Indian Ter- 
ritory. Going thence to Fort Leavenworth, Lieutenant Dudley with 
his company formed part of the Utah expedition of 1857, which 
failing in its attempt to reach the Mormon settlement passed the 
winter on Black's Fork, being for more than five months on half 
rations without salt. Utah was reached in the spring of 1858, and 
on the return of the expedition at the breaking out of the civil war 
Company E under Lieutenant Dudley formed the rear guard of the 
column. On the 7th of May, 1861, he was made captain, remaining 
on duty at Washington till the 5th of February, 1862, when he was " 
granted leave of absence to accept the colonelcy of the Thirtieth 
Massachusetts E,egiment, taking part in General Butler's New 
Orleans expedition. He was assigned to command the city, after 
its occupation, and was for a time a member of the commission to 
trv persons accused of high crimes and misdemeanors. Early in 
June he commanded an expedition from Baton Rouge into the in- 
terior, and was Avith his regiment in the demonstration against 
Vicksburg in July. At the battle of Baton Rouge, August 5, he 
commanded the right wing of the Union army, and after the fall of 
General Williams directed all movements on the field. He was 
brevetted major in the regular army for "gallant conduct" on this 
occasion. Afterward he was in command of Camp Parapet at Car- 
rollton and Camp Williams at New Orleans, and in December was 
appointed inspector general of the Department of the Gulf, which 
he held till early in the spring of 1863, when he was assigned to 
the command of the Third Brigade of Augur's First Division sta- 
tioned at Baton Rouge. Prior to the Port Hudson siege, he suc- 
cessfully conducted an expedition up the Mississippi to open com- 
munication with Commodore Farragut, then on the river above 
Port Hudson. During the campaign against the latter place, he 
was in command of his brigade with several batteries of artillery, 
being under daily fire till the surrender of the stronghold. With 
his brigade he immediately embarked and sailed down the river to 
Donaldsonville, where he landed and at once moved against the 
Confederates in that vicinity, bringing on the engagement of Cox's 
Plantation. Being recalled in order to avoid a general battle, the 
brigade was sent to Baton Rouge, Colonel Dudley being put in com- 
mand of the defenses of that place till relieved by General William 
B. Franklin. After again serving for a time as inspector general 



GEXEUAL OFFICERS. 921 

of the department, he was once more i^laced in command of the 
Third Brigade, First Division, which had hecn reorganized, but in 
preparation for the Red River campaign of 18G4 he organized the 
Fourth Cavalry Brigade, which he ably commanded in that dis- 
astrous enterprise. On the 20th of April he was relieved and 
ordered to New Orleans to organize a cavalry force for the Mobile 
campaign, but after the transfer of a portion of the Nineteenth 
Corps to the Shenandoah Valley he was at his own recpiest relieved 
from duty in the Department of the Gulf and ordered to rejjort to 
General Emory. On reaching Washington he was again assigned 
to the command of his former brigade, with which he served during 
the fall and early winter, being brevctted brigadier general of volun- 
teers January 19, 1865. Early in February he was ordered to re- 
port to Major General Thomas, commanding the Department of the 
Cumberland, and was placed in command of the 9,000 trooj)S at 
Tullahoma, Tenn., which jjosition he held till the close of the war. 
Subsequently he served as commissioner of the Freedman's IJureau; 
was in command of the District of Yicksburg, and later served 
under General Canby in Texas. He was afterward military super- 
intendent of public buildings in that department. On the re- 
organization of the United States Army, in 1870, General Dudley 
was assigned to duty as major of the Third Cavalry, and rendered 
valuable service in the far West, being on the 6th of June, 1885, 
promoted to the colonelcy of the First Cavalry, with head-quarters 
at Fort Custer, Montana, Avhere he was stationed till his retirement 
in 1889. General Dudley's official record shows that he has over 
ninety days under fire, not- including minor skirmishes. He has 
served in every state and territory except Alaska. He received five 
brevets during the war for gallant and meritorious services, three 
of them in the regular armv. 



Brevet Brigadier General Thomas H. Dunbani, Jr., 

Of Boston was a traveling salesman at the beginning of the war, 
and heard of the firing on Sumter while in Vermont. He hastened 
to Boston, assisted in raising a company of volunteers "for the 
war," and on the 13th of June, 1801, was mustered as a private of 
Company F, Eleventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. Bein^r 
soon after promoted a corporal, he was on the battle-lield of Bull 



922 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

Run, July 21, made a sergeant of his company, and on the same 
field, August 28, 1862, he was advanced from first sergeant to ser- 
geant major of tlie regiment. Commissioned as second lieutenant 
February 6, 1863, he received his first severe wound in action at 
Chancellorsville. On the loth of September following he was pro- 
moted to first lieutenant, was again badly wounded at the Wilder- 
ness while in command of .his company, was commissioned captain 
June 16, 1864, commanded a company for a short time, but owing 
to his wounds was detached as assistant adjutant general of the 
Third Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps, which position he 
held until the following February. Being made major to date from 
October 6, 1864, he commanded the Eleventh Massachusetts Battal- 
ion through the latter portion of its service, being commissioned 
colonel but unable to be mustered on account of the insufficient 
numbers of his command. He was breveted brigadier general of 
volunteers from March 13, 1865, for special services in front of 
Petersburg, accompanied the remnant of his regiment home and 
with them was mustered out July 14, 1865. 



Brigadier General William Dwig-ht 

Was born at Springfield in 1831, entered a military school at West 
Point, N. Y., at the age of 15 and was afterward at the Military 
Academy there, which he left in 1853 before graduation, and entered 
manufacturing business at Boston, being located afterward at Phila- 
delphia. When the war broke out he offered his services to the 
United States, and on the 14th of May, 1861, was commissioned 
captain of the Fourteenth regular infantry. On the formation o'f the 
Seventieth Regiment New York Volunteers, Colonel Daniel E. Sick- 
les, Captain Dwight was made its lieutenant colonel, being promoted 
to colonel when Sickles was advanced to brigadier general in Sep- 
tember, 1861. Colonel Dwight entered the Peninsular campaign 
at the head of his regiment, fighting with great gallantry at the bat- 
tle of Williamsburg, where he received three wounds, being disabled 
and made prisoner, but was left in hospital at Williamsburg on 
parole. Being duly exchanged, he was on recovery made brigadier 
general of volunteers dating from the 29th of November, 1862, and 
soon afterward joined the forces under General Banks in Louisiana. 
On the organization of the Nineteenth Army Corps he was assigned 



GENERAL OFFICFJRS. 923 

to the command of the First Brigade, Fourth Division, in which 
capaeity he rendered vahiablc service in the operations ])reHminary 
to the siege of Port Hudson and in those directed against the strong- 
hohl itself. He served on the commission to settle the terms of 
surrender, and at the Red River campaign of the following spring 
he succeeded Cleneral Charles P. Stone as chief of staff to (Jeneral 
Banks. In July following when a portion of the Nineteenth Corps 
was ordered to Washington in consequence of the raid against the 
national capital liy General Early, General Dwight accompanied the 
troops in command of the First Division, which command he held 
during the operations in the Shenandoah valley of the summer and 
autumn. He continued in the service till the 15th of January, 
1866, when he was mustered out after almost five years of highly 
honorable duty. General D wight died at Boston, April 22, 1888. 



Brevet Brigadier General Joseph Gashing Edmands 

Of Newton was a member of the Massachusetts Militia previous to 
the war, enlisted with the Twenty-fourth Regiment at its organiza- 
tion and was mustered as first sergeant of Company K, October 4, 
1861, at the age of 19. He accomjjanied this regiment to the field, 
but his health failing, he was sent home the next summer on invalid 
furlough, and interested himself in recruiting Company K, Thirty- 
second Regiment, of which he was commissioned captain. With 
this command he joined the regiment then in the field near Alexan- 
dria, Va., September 3, 1862, and on the 29th of December follow- 
ing was promoted to major. On the 16th of December^ 1863, while 
located on the outskirts of the Army of the Potomac, he was capt- 
ured by a raiding party of Confederates, and taken to Lil)by Pris(jn 
at Richmond, where he remained until the Tth of March, 1864, when 
he was paroled. Having been exchanged he joined the Thirty- 
second on the 10th of May, and a few weeks later, by the death of 
Colonel Prescott and the resignation of Lieutenant Colonel Stei)hen- 
son, he became senior officer commanding, and was commissioned 
colonel dating from the 80th of June. In the charge on Fort McRae 
at the battle of Peebles Farm, September 30, he received a severe 
wound in the right leg and returned home, remaining there until 
the 27th of November, when, with the wound still unhealed, he re- 
turned to duty. He also received wounds at Gettysburg on the 3d 



924 



MASSAGTIUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



of July, 1863, and in front of Petersburg July 19, 1864. He was 
mustered out July 1, 1865, having received the brevet of brigadier 
general of volunteers, "for meritorious conduct in the field," from 
March 13 of that year. His health was permanently broken by 
his wounds and hardships and he died of consumption resulting 
therefrom in 1881. 

Brevet Major General Oliver Edwards 

Of Springfield entered the service as adjutant of the Tenth Regi- 
ment, but was soon detailed as senior aide on the staff of General 
D. N. Couch commanding the division, in which capacity he served 




Brevet Major Geneka!. Oliver Eiavards 



with distinction till early August, 1862, when he was commissioned 
major and directed to organize the Thirty-seventh Regiment, of which 
he was made colonel. He served in that capacity till May 9, 1864, 
when he was given command of his brigade, which he retained till 
the 6th of July, when the remnants of the brigade were transferred 
to the 'J'hird Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps, of which Edwards 
was ii-iven the command. With this force he fought at Fort Stevens 



GENERAL OFFICERS. <J2.J 

and Opc(iiiaii in Ihe campaign against Early. At the latter battle 
he connnanded the division after the death of General Russell and 
the wounding of (Jeneral Upton, and in recognition of his services 
on that occasion he was made post commandant at Winchester with 
his brigade and some other troops as garrison. This position he 
retained for some time after the return of the Sixth Corps to 
Petersburg to rejoin the Army of the Potomac, and was offered by 
General Sheridan the ))osition of provost marshal general on his 
staff; but Edwards preferred the command of his old brigade, to 
which, at his special request, he was returned in February, iHiJo. 
In the assault of April 2 on the lines at Petersburg his brigade took 
an important part, being the first to break through the Confederate 
works, and next morning General Edwards received from the mavor 
of Petersburg the surrender of the city, very soon after its evacua- 
tion by General Lee. For his services at this time he received the 
commission of brigadier general to date from May 19, having been 
brevetted for his gallantry at Opequan ; and in the sharp fight at 
Sailor's Creek April G he won the brevet of major general of vol- 
unteers. On the 15th of January, 18G6, he was honorably dis- 
charged from the United States service. 



Brifjadicr Geueral Henry L. Eustis 

Was a graduate of West Point in the class of 1842, standing 
at the head of his class, (of which Rol)ert E. Lee, the Con- 
federate commander, was a member,) and served in the Engineer 
Corps" as a lieutenant till the fall of 1849. The opening of the 
war found him a professor in the Lawrence Scientific School at 
Cambridge, Mass. lie was commissioned colonel of the Tenth 
Regiment August 15, 18<)2, vice Colonel Henry S. Briggs, pro- 
moted, and during the battle of Salem Church, May 3, 18G3, 
took command of his brigade as senior colonel, Colonel Browne, 
the acting brigadier, being severely wounded. This command he 
retained till the 9th of May, 18G4, when he was transferred to 
the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps. His commission 
as brigadier general dated from September 12, 1863. He resigned 
from the service June 27, 1864, and returned to his professor- 
ship, which had been held for him, and in which he continued 
till his death in January, 1885. 



926 MASSACHUSETTS ly THENAR. 

Brevet Brig'adiei' General Charles Everett 

Of ]-)Os1on was instrumental in the formation of the Sixth Massa- 
chusetts Light Battery, of which he was commissioned captain on 
the 20th of January, 18G2. He accompanied the battery to New 
Orleans and remained its commander till the Gth of September fol- 
lowing, when he was transferred to the Second Louisiana Volun- 
teers, an organization of white men recruited in and about New 
Orleans, of which he was made lieutenant colonel. His services 
were thenceforth with that regiment, of which he became colonel, 
serving till the close of the war and receiving the brevet of brigadier 
general of volunteers to date from the 13th of March, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General William 0. Fiske 

Of Lowell entered the service April 15, 1861, as clerk to General 
Butler when the latter responded to the call of the general govern- 




Brevet Brig. Gen William O. Fiske. 



ment for a brigadier general to accompany the Massachusetts militia 
then called into service. After reaching Annapolis he was made 
confidential clerk and private messenger and served in that capacity 



GENERAL OFFICERS. {»27 

till General Butler returned to Massachusetts as commander oi the 
Department of New England to recruit six reiriments for .special 
service. At the capture of ITatteras Inlet Clerk Fiskc; swam ashore 
from the fleet with dispatches for the commander of the land forces 
— a i)iecc of heroism which received M'ide notice and ])raisc. On 
the establishment of the rendezvous at Camp Chase, Lowrll. he was 
given a jdace in the commissary department, and was later named 
by General Butler for a lieutenancy, but was not commissioned by 
the governor. At Shi}) Island he was promoted t(j captain and 
made commissary of subsistence to General Shepley, .serving for a 
portion of the time in that capacity while that olllicer was militarv 
commander of Louisiana. When General Butler received authority 
to raise recruits in the Dei)artment of the Gulf, Captain Fiske was 
made quartermaster and commissary at United States Barracks in 
New Orleans, and was soon after advanced to major of the first 
(white) Louisiana Regiment. That command took part in nearly 
all the battles Avhich followed in the department, Major Fiske being 
wounded in the leg at Irish Bend, April 12, 18<)3. The colonid of 
the regiment having been killed in the same engagement. Fiske was 
promoted to the vacancy and eomnianded his regiment till the close 
of the war, except during a portion of the Bed River camf)aign in 
the spring of 18G4, when he was in command of the brigade. His 
brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. On being mustered out 
of service, July 12, 1865, he returned to Lowell and engaged in l»usi- 
ness, where he died February 2, 1886. 



Brevet Brig'adier General Jones Frankle 

Of Haverhill assisted in the organization of the Fourteenth Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, with which he served as captain at Fort War- 
ren, but was not mustered with it, transferring his sword to the 
Seventeenth, of which he was commissioned major August 1, 18t)l. 
He served with that rank for nearly two years in North Carolina, 
being upon the staff of General Foster as inspector of the depart- 
ment ; he was provost marshal on the Tarboro and Goldsboro ex- 
peditions, and was engaged in the construction of several of the 
Newbern forts, in addition to his duty with the regiment. ( )n the 
13th of May, 1863, he was commissioned colonel of the Second 
Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and was for a time in command of 



928 



MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 



Foi't Xorfolk, Virginia. On tlio 1st of January following he was 
placed in command of the defenses of Ncwbern, and was in com- 
mand of the District of Newbern during the yellow fever epidemic 
of the autumn of 1864. In October he was made military gover- 
nor of Plymouth, X. C, and while there commanded the expeditions 




Brevet Bkic,. Gen. Jones Franklb. 

to Colerain and Hamilton, N. C. After the capture of Wilming- 
ton, early in 1865, he was placed in command of the defenses of 
the Cape Fear river, and was thus during nearly the entire term of 
his service on detached duty which demanded much military and 
executive ability. He was mustered out with his regiment on the 
3d of September, 1865, and from that date received the brevet rank 
of brigadier of volunteers. 



Brevet Brig^adier General Arthur A. Goodell 

Of Worcester entered the service April 19, 1861, as sergeant major 
in the Third Battalion of Rifles, serving for three months and re- 
turning as adjutant. At the organization of the Thirty -sixth Regi- 
ment, in the summer of 1862, he was commissioned captain of Com- 



GENEllAL OFFK KRS. 



pany C, Aut^ust 16,])rom()ted iiiiijor .Januarv "J'J toUowinu:, and lieu- 
tenant colonel Julv 81. From that time he commanded the rejri- 
ment till October 10, when he received a severe wound at the battle 
of Blue Springs, Tenn. Returning' to the regiment on the 1st of 




Brevet IJrig. Gen. Arthur A. Goodell. 

April, 1864, he resumed the command for a short time, but being 
incapable of active service in the field resigned May 5 of the same 
year, subsequently receiving the brevet of l^rigadier general to date 
from March 13, 1865, "for galhint and meritorious conduct in the 
Held during the war." General (Joodell died at Worcester on his 
43d birthday, June 30, 1882. 



Brevet Briijadier (jeneral William Gates 

Was at the opening of tlu^ war of the rebellion the oldest living 
Massachusetts graduate of West Point on the rolls of the United 
States Army, having entered the military academy March 2, 1801, 
and graduated March 6, 1806, when he received a commission as 
second lieutenant in the regiment of artillerists. He served during 
the war of 1812 as acting adjutant of the regiment of light artillery, 



930 MASSACHUSETTS ly THE WAR. 

being promoted captain March 3, 1813, and on the reorganization 
of the army, Jnne 1, 1821, was transferred to the Second Artillery. 
He was on duty, in Charleston Harbor during the threatened nulli- 
fication of 1832-3 ; was engaged in the the Indian War in Florida 
from 1836 to 1838, and in the war with Mexico, 1816-8, as governor 
of Tampico. He had then attained the rank of colonel of the 
Third Artillery, dating from October 13, 1845, which he held up to 
the outbreak of the rebellion. He had then been on waiting orders 
from 1854, and was on leave of absence until 1863, when on the 1st 
of June he was retired from active service, "having been borne on 
the army register more than 45 years." He did not, however, with- 
hold his sword in the time of his country's need, but was during 
1863-4 in command of Fort Trumbull near New London, Ct., and 
for the two years following of Fort Constitution, at Portsmouth 
Harbor, New Hampshire. He was brevetted brigadier general 
United States army, March 13, 1865, " for long and faithful services 
in the army." General Gates died at New York October 7, 1868. 



Brevet Major General Oliver P. Gooding 

Of Indiana, while not a resident of Massachusetts, ably filled for 
three years the position of colonel of the Thirty-first Massachu- 
setts Volunteers. He was graduated at West Point in the class of 
1858 and attached to the Fourth United States Infantry as brevet 
second lieutenant, being promoted in February, 1859, to second 
lieutenant in the Tenth Infantry. He shared in the Utah Expedi- 
tion of that and the following years under General Albert Sidney 
Johnston, and with a portion of his regiment was on duty in the 
defenses of Washington from October, 1861, as a part of General 
Sykes's command of regulars. Being then first lieutenant in the 
regular service, he was on the 8th of February, 1862, commissioned 
colonel of the Thirty-first Massachusetts with which he accompanied 
General Butler to Ship Island and thence to New Orleans. During 
that year he served at New Orleans and Fort Jackson, but about 
the beginning of 1863, General Banks having taken command of 
the department with an increased force. Colonel Gooding was placed 
in command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth 
Corps. This brigade he commanded during the year, its designa- 
tion being changed 'after the cajjture of Port Hudson to Second 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 031 

Brigade, First Division, lii the winter followiniJ, Colonel (Joodini*- 
was appointed to the connnand of the Fifth Briuade of the Cavalry 
Division, Department of the Culf, and served with that or<!:anization 
during- the Red River campaign, heing in command of the division 
for a short time and of the hrigade until November followintr, when 
the Thirty-first Regiment being reduced to a battalion bv the ex- 
piration of its original term of enlistment, he was mustered out of 
the volunteer service. During the winter of 18t)4-5 he served at 
Xew Orleans on inspection duty, and March 20, 1865, as captain in 
the Tenth United States Infantry, resigned, his commission. He 
received the brevet rank of brigadier general and als(j that of major 
general of volunteers from the loth of March of that year, "■for 
gallant conduct in the assault cm the enemy's works at Port Hudson 
in 1863, and gallant and distinguished conduct throughout the Red 
River campaign in 1864." 



Brevet Major General Georj?e H. Gordon 

Graduated from West Point in 1846 and with the brevet rank of 
second lieutenant in the Mounted Rifles went at once into service 
in the Mexican war. He took part in all of General Scott's battles, 
was twice wounded and received the brevet of first lieutenant. He 
afterward served with his regiment in Oregon, on the frontier, and 
for a year in the coast survey, resigning his commission of first lieu- 
tenant in October, 1854. Entering the legal profession at Boston he 
served till the fii'ing on Fort Sumter, when he gave his energies to 
the formation of the Second Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, 
of which he was commissioned colonel. At Cedar Mountain, on 
Pope's retreat and at Antietam he commanded the Third Brigade, 
First Division, Twelfth Corps, with signal ability, his commission 
as brigadier general dating from June 12, 1862. Relinquishing this 
command on account of failing health, he was later placed in com- 
mand of a division in Southern Virginia, having part in the defense 
of Suffolk when besieged by the Confederate Longstreet, and in the 
movements of the Union forces against Richmond from that direc- 
tion under General Dix. Joining the Army of the Potomac during 
the pursuit of Lee from Gettysburg, his division was soon after 
ordered to assist General Gilmore in his operations on the South 
Carolina coast, where he remained till July, 1864. (Joiug then to 



932 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



the Gulf, he operated on tlio Mississippi in keeping (){)en communi- 
cation with General .Steele in Arkansas and later under General 
Granger in the operations against Mobile. During the following 
winter he was selected by General Grant for llie command of the 




I'.REVF.T MaJ. Gli.N. GEOKGE H. GoKDON. 

District of East A'irginia, witli huad-fpiarters at Norfolk, vtiiere he 
remained till the giving way of his health in 1865, being mustered 
out April 24 of that year, two weeks after the date of his brevet of 
major general. General Gordon died sudd(!nly at his home in 
Framingham, August 31, 1880, aged Cd. 



Brevet Bris^adier Geneml Patrick Jl. Ouiney 

Of Boston was commissioned on the 11th of June, 1861, as captain 
of Company D, Meagher Guard, Ninth Massachusetts Volunteers. 
He was pi'omoted to major on the 24th of Octoljer, and to lieuten- 
ant colonel on the 28th of Januaiy, 18<)2. Colonel Cass of the 
Ninth being nioi-tally wounded at the l)attle of Gaines ]\Iills, Li(!U- 
tenant Cfjionel (Juiney succeeded to the command of the regimeuL, 



a EX ERA L OFFK 'EUS. 



033 



of which he was commissioned colonel July :2('i, 18t)2. He served 
in that capacity till the battle of the Wilderness, May 0, 18(J4, wiien 




Brevet Brig. Gen. Patrick R. Guiney. 



he was wounded in tiie face and temjtorarily disabled. He was mus- 
tered out of service with hi.s command June 21 followinir, and re- 
ceived the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dating from 
the 13th of March, I860. 



Brevet Brig-adier General Edward N. Uallowell 

Of Medford was engaticd in mercantile pursuits at the ojiening of 
the war and saw his first military service on the staff of General 
John C. Fremont in Missouri in 1861. On the lllh of January, 
1862, he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Twentieth Mas- 
sachusetts, and was advanced tofirstlieutenantXovcml)er 12 follow- 
ing. On the 6th of ;^^arch, 1863, he was discharged for promotion, 
being made captain in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored) 
Regiment, then being formed, and when the regiment was fully 
organized he became its major, dnting from A))ril 17. The lieutcn- 



934 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ant colonel being transferred to the Fifty-fifth, Major Hallowell was 
in due course promoted to the vacancy, to date from May 31, and 
in leading the left wing of the regiment in its charge upon Fort 
Wagner, July 18, was seriously wounded. Colonel Shaw being killed 
at the same time, Hallowell was promoted to the colonelcy, and 
when his wounds were healed took command of the regiment. In 
the autumn of 1864 he was in command of the post on Morris 
Island, from which in the early part of December he went to com- 
mand the Second Brigade, of which his regiment formed a part. 
During most of the time thereafter he was acting brigadier, render- 
ing distinguished service during General Potter's raid into the in- 
terior of South Carolina in April, 1865. He was mustered out with 
his regiment August 20 following, his brevet of brigadier general 
dating from June 27, 1865. General Hallowell died at his home in 
West Medford, July 26, 1871, being at the time a member of Gov- 
ernor Claflin's militarv staff. 



Brevet Brigadier General Alfred S. Hartwell 

Of Natick, who had graduated at Harvard College in 1858, was at 
the outbreak of the rebellion a teacher at Washington University, 
St. Louis, Mo, Recognizing at once his duty as a patriot, he entered 
the Third Regiment Missouri Reserve Corps and served as a cor- 
poral under the three-months' call of April, 1861. Returning to his 
native state, he joined Company F of the Forty-fourth Regiment, 
nine-months' troops, of which during September, 1862, he was com- 
missioned first lieutenant and served in that capacity till commis- 
sioned captain in the Fifty-fourth Regiment, March 31, 1863. He 
did not accompany that regiment to the field, however, but assisted 
in the organization of the Fifty-fifth, of which he was made lieu- 
tenant colonel May 30. On the resignation of Colonel Hallowell 
he was advanced to the vacancy, dating from November 3, 1863. 
At the battle of James Island, July 2, 1864, Colonel Hartwell had 
command of a brigade, and on the 13th of that month he was 
placed in command of the post of Folly Island and did not there- 
after for more than a few days return to the command of his regi- 
ment, being again appointed to the command of a brigade just pre- 
vious to the battle of Honey Hill. In that engagement he was 
wounded and had his horse killed under him wiiile chnrginn- the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 00.") 

eiunny's Avorks at the head ut his li-oops. He was extricated witli 
dit'lieulty l)y some of liis soldiers and while heini>- borne from the 
lield received two additional wounds. For his L^ailanti-y on this oc- 
casion he received the brevet of bri«zadier iicneral, datinj^ fi-om De- 
ceinl)er 30, 18()4. In January following, having recovered suffi- 
ciently from his wounds, li»' was placed on special duty at Hilton 
Head; but a few days later he was again at the head of his brigade 
making incursions into the coasts in the vicinity, and thus engaged 
he was active till the surrender of the Confederate armies ended 
active hostilities. He was afterward with his brigade encamjied at 
Summerville and Orangeburg, remaining at the latter ])lace during 
the smnmer of 1865, and though accompanying his favorite Fifty- 
fifth Regiment to Massachusetts at its muster out, he remained in 
the service till the P.d of Ai)ril, 18fi6. 



Brevet liriK'adier Ueueral (»eorj?e 1'. lliiwkes 

Of Templeton served with honor in the Twenty-first Regiment, befng 
one of the captains at the organization of that command, promoted 
to major September 2, 18t>2, and to lieutenant colonel in Ht^cembei' 
following. After the resignation of Colonel Clark, in April, 18(»:J, 
he conmianded the regiment in its varied service, with which his 
history was identical, until July 3, 1864. when failing health re- 
<]uired his resignation. Probably the most noteworthy military 
event in his expeinence was the recapture of the Union skirmish 
line during the siege of Knoxville, when Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes 
admirably directed with perfect success a charge of two regiments 
placed under his command. His brevet of brigadier general of 
volimteci-s dated from March 13, 18<'»">. 



Brevet Major (>eiierttl Joseph Hayes 

Of lioston was commissioned major of the Eighteenth ^lassaehusetts 
Regiment at its organization, Jtdy 26, 1861, and on the promotion 
of Lieutenant Colonel Ingraham succeeded to the vacancy, his ad- 
vancement dating from the 25th of August, 1862. He became 
colonel of the regiment on the promotion of Colonel ]>arnes to 
brigadier general, November 29, 1862, and on the 1st of Septem- 
ber, 1863, to^)k eonnnand of the First J]rigade, First Division, Fifth 



!«0 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Corps, which he held till the reorganization of the Army of the 
Potomac for the campaign of 1864. He then returned to the com- 
mand of his regiment, and gallantly led it in the battle of the 
Wilderness, where he received a severe wound in the head during 
the lighting of the first day. He was commissioned brigadier gen- 
eral of volunteers from the 12th of IMay, 18()4, and on recovering 
from his wound Avas assigned to the command of a brigade in 
Ayers's Division of the Fifth Corps. At the battle of Weldon E ail- 
road, Auf,;ust 21, 18(34, lie was taken prisoner and was not again in 
active command in the field, being mustered out on the 24th of 
August, 18<)5. Plis brevet of major general of volunteers dated 
from March 18, iSHr). 

lirevet Brig-adier General Criiy Y. Henrj^ 

Represented JMassachusetts only as the colonel of her Fortieth Regi- 
ment. He was born in Indian Territory, being the son of Major 
William S. Henry of the United States Army, was appointed from 
the state of New York to the military academy, graduating in 1861. 
At the battle of Bull Run he was an aide on the staff of General 
McDowell, winning complimentary mention, and sul)sequently serv- 
ing in the Department of the South. He commanded a batteiy at 
the battle of Pocotaligo, S. C, and took part in the operations on 
Folly Island, commanding batteries during all the operations against 
Forts Wagner and Gregg. In November, 1863, he took command 
of the Fortieth Massachusetts Regiment, and when, two months 
later, that regiment took the field as mounted infantry he was given 
command of the Light Brigade, including his own regiment, a bat- 
talion of cavalry and a battery of artillery. With this command 
he took an important part in the battle of Olustee, Fla., and in 
numerous skirmishes. When the bi'igade was broken up in April, 
1864, he accompanied his regiment to Virginia and was from that 
time to the surrender of Lee in command of a brigade in the Array 
of the James, his commands being successively the First Brigade, 
Second Division, Tenth Corps; First Brigade, Third Division, Eight- 
eenth Coi-ps ; and Third Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fourth 
Corps. In the various operations against Petersburg and Richmond, 
including the battle of Cold Hnrbor, he commanded with marked 
ability, receiving the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from 
October 28, 1864. He also received brevets in the regular line 



GENER A L O FFICER 8. 



937 



"for gallant and meritorious services" at Pocotalifro, Olustee, in 
front of Petersburg and during the war, giving him the brevet rank 
of colonel. Following the surrender of Lee, he was transferred to 
the plains, where he has since rendered imjtortant service, being 
transferred to the Ninth Cavalry in 18<!r>. During the winter of 
1874-5 he was badly frozen in an exj)edition into the lllack Hills, 
and the following June at the battle of Rosebud, Montana, with 
Sitting Bull's tribe, he was shot througii the face, losing the sight 
of his left eye. 

Brevet Major General Edward W. Hiiicks 

Of Lynn had been for years a eaj)al)le offieer in the Massachusetts 
Militia, and when the Eighth Regiment was ealled for three months' 




N, 



Bkevbt .Maj GiiN. Edwaku W. Hincks. 



service after the firing upon Fort Sumter, he went to iho fi-ont as 
its lieutenant colonel. l*revious to this, anticipating the coming of 
war, he had jicrsonally visited Washington and asked to be com- 
missioned in the regular army. His request received favorable con- 



938 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

sideration, and on the 26th of April, 1861, he was commissioned 
second lieutenant in the Second United States Cavalry ; but re- 
signed on the 4th of June foUowinu', that he might devote himself 
to the volunteer troops. On the 16th of May he was promoted to 
the colonelcy of the Eighth, Colonel Munroe having resigned, and 
with it he served till the 1st of August when it was mustered out. 
Two days later he was commissioned colonel of the Nineteenth 
Massachusetts Regiment, then being organized under the three- 
years' call, and led that worthy organization to the field. At the 
battle of Ball's Bluff, he was in command of the Union forces on 
Harrison's Island during and succeeding the engagement. In the 
Peninsular campaign of the following spring he was severely 
wounded at the battle of Glendale ; and while not fully recovered, 
rejoined his regiment in time to take command of the brigade at 
the Second Bull Run, though not engaged. At Antietam, where 
his masterly handling of his regiment won great praise, he was 
again wounded, his right arm being shattered, and he was also shot 
through the body. These injuries were expected to prove fatal, but 
he finally rallied and in March, 1863, having been commissioned 
brigadier general of volunteers dating from the 29th of November, 
1862, he was ordered to report to the adjutant general at Washing- 
ton for light duty. For some three months he was engaged on a 
court martial, and late in June was ordered to New Hampshire, in 
connection with the draft and other duties, after which he served as 
chief mustering and disbursing officer and in command of the draft 
and recruiting rendezvous at Concord till jVIarch, 1864, when after 
repeated requests to be sent to the field he was assigned to the com- 
mand of the District of St. Mary's and the camp of prisoners of 
war at Point Lookout, Md. About the last of April he was as- 
signed to command the Third Division, Eighteenth Corps (colored 
troops) of the Army of the James, and for three months remained 
in the field at the head of his division, taking valiant part in the 
operations against Petersburg. Early in July he was ordered back 
to command the District of St. Mary's, but on reaching Point Look- 
out was ordered to the defenses of Washington, that city being 
then threatened by the raid of General Early. Soon after, he was 
made" president of a court-martial, which sat for some two months, 
when he was placed in command of the depot for recruits and 
drafted men and the camp for prisoners of war at Hart's Island in 



GESERAL OFFICERS. \m 

New York Harbor. He remained there until the l^t of February, 
1865, when lie was ordered to the city of New York as provost mar- 
shal general, superintendent of recruiting- service and chief muster- 
ing and disbursing olhcer of the United States for the Eastern 
Division of New York, He was later transferred to the same duties 
at Harrisburg, Pa., for the Western Division of Pennsylvania, to 
which the Eastern Division was subsequently added, where he en- 
forced the last draft in that state, remaining till the close of the 
war. On the 30th of June, 18G5, he resigned his commission as 
brigadier general of volunteers, and on the 28th of July, 1866, was 
commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Fortieth United States In- 
fantry, having early in that month been appointed governor of the 
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. The latter position 
he resigned on the 6th of March following, when he was ordered to 
duty as })rovost marshal general of the Second Military District, 
comprising North and South Carolina. This position he held during 
the reconstruction period, and afterward was in command of the 
Twenty-lifth United States infantry in North Carolina and at New 
Orleans, having been transferred to that regiment March 15, ISliO. 
In May, 1870, he marched with his regiment to the Mexican frontier 
in Texas, and remained there till the 15th of December, when he 
was retired with the rank of colonel on account of wounds received 
in the line of duty. On the 9th of March, 1872, he was again ap- 
pointed governor of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers at 
Hampton, Ya., and January 1, 1873, was transferred to the Home 
at Milwaukee, Wis., from which he resigned on the 15th of October, 
1880. Dating from the 2d of Mai-ch, 1867, General Hincks received 
the brevets of colonel and-brigadier general in the regular army for 
"gallant and meritorious services" at Antietam and in the assault 
on Petersburg, respectively; and from the 13th of March, 1865, the 
brevet of major general of volunteers. Few men gave to the coun- 
try more varied and honorable service or suffered more severely 
than did Ceneral Hincks. 



Major General Joseph Hooker, 

Born in the town of Iladley, was appointed to the military academy 
at West Point from Massachusetts, and graduated with the class of 
1837, being commissioned second lieutenant in the First United 



•J40 



MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 



States Artillery. He served in the Florida war during that and 
the following years, after which he was stationed at various points 
on the Canadian frontier during the boundary controversy, with the 
rank of first lieutenant. From 1840 to 1851 he was on staff duty, 
this period including the Mexican war, where he was assistant ad- 
jutant general of Major General Pillow's Division, in which capacity 
he displayed great heroism and military talent, receiving brevets in 




Maj. Gen. Jo.-^eph Hooker. 



the regular order up to and including that of lieutenant colonel, with 
the commission of captain from the 29th of October, 1848. The 
following year he went to the Pacific Coast as assistant adjutant 
general of that military division, and after two and a half years of 
service was granted leave of absence from November 24, 1851, to 
February 21, 1853, Avhen he resigned from the army. For five 
years following he was a farmer in the Sonoma Valley of California, 
then superintendent of military roads in Oregon, and at the out- 
break of the rebellion was colonel of a regiment of California 
Militia. Hastening to Washington he offered his services to the 
government and was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers 



GE.VERAL OFFICERS. 041 

May 17, 1861, and at the ori^aiiization of the Army of the Potomac 
after the battle uf Bull Run was placed in command of a briirade 
and soon afterward of a division. With this he uuarded the lower 
Potomac during- the winter following-, and in the si)ring of 1862 
toolc the field at the head of the Second Division, Third Corps. 
With this division he fought the desperate battle of Williamsburg 
almost unsupported, and in recognition of his gallantry was com- 
missioned major general of volunteers from that date. He fought 
with his division during the Peninsular Campaign and at the second 
Bull Run, after which he was placed in command of the First Corps 
of the Army of the Potomac under (Jcueral McClellan. With this 
corps he opened the battle of the Antietam with his accustomed 
inipetnosity, but was himself wounded and liis command was routed. 
Rejoining the army November 10, he commanded the Fifth Army 
Corps and latiM- the center grand division, composed of the Fifth 
and Third ('orps. This was his command at the battle of Frederieks- 
•bnrg, but his troops being used principally in reserve and in support 
of other divisions his personal part in that battle was not marked. 
On the 26th of January, 1863, lie succeeded General Burnside in 
command of the Army of the Potomac, fought the battle of Chan- 
cellorsville. May 1-6, and engaged in the strategic movement north- 
ward a month later, during which he displayed a very masterly gen- 
eralship in protecting the national ca|)ital from the Confederate 
army, for which he received the following winter the thanks of Con- 
gress. Owing to some misunderstanding with tlie authorities at 
Washington, he resigned the coiiiiuand of the army June 28, and 
was on waiting orders till Se{)teniber 24. when he was placed in 
command of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps and transferred to 
the Department of the Cumberland. There he was engaged in the 
various actions about Chattanooga, fighting the remarkable l)attle 
of Lookout Mountain, November 24, and taking part in the subse- 
quent engagements in the vicinity. General Hooker bore a faithful 
and gallant part in all the battles and actions of the following year 
until the 30th of July, 1864, when the siege of Atlanta was in 
progress. At that time the death of General McPherson, who had 
succeeded General Thomas in command of the Army of the Cum- 
berland, created a vacancy to which Hooker felt that he was 
entitled, and on General Howard being a|)i)ointed he asked to be re- 
lieved from the command of his corps. The request was granted 



942 MASSACHirSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and he was placed on waiting- orders till September ::8, when he was 
given command of the Northern Department, with head-quarters at 
Cincinnati, where he remained till the close of the war, being sub- 
sequently in command of the Department of the East, with head- 
quarters at New York, till the 1st of September, 1866, when he was 
mustered out of the volunteer service. He had been commissioned 
brigadier general in the Regular Army September 20, 1862, and 
brevet major general March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious 
services at the battle of Chattanooga," and died at Garden City, L. 
I., October 31, 1879, having been on the retired list from 1868. 



Brevet Brig-adier General Timothy Ingraham 

Of New Bedford was among the first to e^Jter and the last to leave 
the service of the national government in the volunteer ranks. 
Though 50 years of age when the rebellion opened, he was elected 
and served as captain of Company L, Third Regiment, for the three- 
months' term. He was then commissioned lieutenant colonel of 
the Eighteenth Regiment, dating from July 26, 1861, holding that 
rank till August 18, 1862, when he was made colonel of the Thirty- 
eighth Regiment, of which he took command at Baltimore early in 
September. That regiment formed a part of the expedition to 
Louisiana under General Banks, and soon after going into camp at 
Carrollton Colonel Ingraham was assigned to the command of the 
Third Brigade and afterward to that of the First Brigade, Third 
Division, Nineteenth Corps. With that command he served during 
a part of the Teche campaign, in the spring of 1863, but his health 
proving unequal to active service in the field, he was transferred to 
Washington, D. C, where he served as provost marshal for more 
than two years from September, 1863, being retained by special 
order after the expiration of his term of service. He was mus- 
tered out on the 3d of October, 1865, his bi-evet dating from the 
day previous, and died at Boston Highlands February 26, 1876. 



Brevet Brig'adier Geuerul Horatio Jenkins, Jr., 

Of Chelsea served as a private in Company I, Fifth Regiment of 
Militia during its three-months' term from April 19, to July 31, 
1861, and on the formation of the Fortieth Regiment the follow- 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



^m 



ing summer went into camp as (irst Tu'iitenant, Imt on the or«raniza- 
tion of the reirimcnt was commissioned captain, scrvinir with Com- 
pany H, his commission dating from the 12th of August. He was pro- 
moted to major from the 20th of April, 1864, and thenceforth was 
much of the time in command of the regiment. From the 2d of 
June following he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, vice Mar- 
shall killed in action, and on the 4th of Fel)ruarv, ISd"), was trans- 
ferred to the Fourth Cavalrv with the same rank. He was with 




Brevet Brig. Gen. Horatio Jenkins, Jr 



the detachment of that regiment which made so gallant a fight at 
High Uridge, Va., on the 6th of April, where he was wounded and 
was brevetted colonel for especial gallantry in that action. He was 
thereafter in command of the regiment to the close of its service, 
Colonel Washburn having been fatally wounded. Following the 
death of the latter, Lieutenant Colonel Jenkins was made colonel, 
to which rank he had already been advanced by brevet, his com- 
mission dating from April 23. His brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers dated from March 13, 1865. After the surnMidrr of 
Lee he remained in command of the Fouith Cavah-v, which gathered 



944 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

at Richmond, Va., and in addition to his regular duties served on 
courts-martial and on a commission to examine otiticers from the 
volunteer service desirous of entering the regular army. He was 
mustered out with his regiment November 14, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General Thomas D. Johns 

Of Pennsylvania, and a graduate of West Point, was commissioned 
colonel of th'e Seventh Massachusetts Regiment February 22, 1863, 
holding the command till the close of the regiment's term and its 
muster out June 27, 1864, and being thus entitled to mention among 
the soldiers, of Massachusetts, though not a resident of the state. 
During the time that he held the commission he was generally in 
command of the regiment, the notable event in his career being at 
the capture of Marye's Hights, May 3, 1863, when he commanded 
one of the storming columns, composed of his own regiment and 
the Thirty-sixth New York. Colonel Johns was severely wounded 
while ascending the hill, but his command pressed on, and routed 
the enemy. His brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. He died 
in New York in 1884. 



Brevet Brigadier General Edward F. Jones 

Of Pepperell was a valued officer of the Massachusetts militia long 
before the beginning of the civil war, and when that event occurred 
was colonel of the Sixth Regiment. The promptness with which 
he responded with his command when the lirst call was made for 
troops, and the story of the tragic march through Baltimore and 
the triumphant arrival at Washington brought the name of Colonel 
Jones and his organization prominently into history. Immediately 
after returning from (his first term of service Colonel Jones re- 
cruited the Tw^enty-sixth Regiment, a three-years' organization, 
which was largely the outgrowth of the Sixth, from which it drew 
most of its officers. Colonel Jones accompanied this regiment to 
Ship Island, where it remained till the operations against New 
Orleans in A])ril, 1862, when his command by penetrating the bayous 
and marshes and obtaining a position in the rear of Forts St. Philip 
and Jackson contributed materially to the fall of those strongholds. 
The Twenty -sixth Regiment formed the garrison for the forts for 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



sonic weeks, Colonel Jones I)einu- in inunediiite command, but soon 
after the transfer of the reuiment to New Orleans he resigned his 
commission and returned to JMassachusetts. He received the brevet 
of brigadier general of volunteers from March 13, 18G5. 



Major General Erasmus Dar^viii Keyes, 

Born in Brimlield in 1810, was appointed from Maine to the Military 
Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1832 and was 
commissioned in the Third United Slates Artillery, being located in 
Charleston (S. C.) liarl)or during the nuUilication troubles which 
continued durinu- the next vcar or two. He was an aide on the stall' 




Mai. Gen. \L I). Kkves. 

of General Scott for four years from 1837, and from that time till 
the outbreak of the rebellion his time was divitled between several 
lines of service, lie was instructor at West Point from 1844 till 
1848, served on the frontier at various times, and was General 
Scott's military secretary during 18G0 and till after the firing on 
Fort Sumter. He was commissioned colonel of the Eleventh United 
States Infantry on the 14th of May, 18G1, three days later was made 



946 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

brigadier general of volunteers, and was lor a time engaged at Bos- 
ton and New York in the raising, equipping and forwarding of 
troops. He returned to Washington early in July, however, and 
at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, was in command of the First 
Brigade, First Division of General McDowcirs army. His brigade 
fought valiantly till the general retreat obliged it to move from the 
field. In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the 
campaign of 1862, General Keyes was made commander of the 
Fourth Corps, and was commissioned major general of volunteers 
from the 5th of May. He shared in the operations against York- 
town, and after the battle of Williamsburg led the advance up the 
Peninsula. It was upon his corps that the weight of the Confeder- 
ate attack fell at Fair Oaks or Seven Pines on the 31st of May, and 
for his gallant part in the battle he received the brevet of brigadier 
general in the United States Army. His corps having suffered 
severely, it was placed in reserve, and led the movement to the 
James river during the last days of June, one of its divisions being 
among the Union troops actively engaged at the battle of Malvern 
Hill. On the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to Alexan- 
dria, in co-operation with General Pope's campaign, in August, 1862, 
Couch's Division only went to the new field, Keyes with the re- 
mainder of the corps being left in command at Yorktown. He re- 
mained there till the following summer, directing various recon- 
naissances, some of them resulting in skirmishes and slight engage- 
ments, and in the temporary absence of General Dix he was in 
command of the Department of Virginia. From July, 1863, he 
was on the board for retiring army officers till the 6th of May, 1864, 
when he resigned his commissions and returned to civil life. 



Brevet Brigadier General John W. Kimball 

Of Fitchburg entered the service as major of the Fifteenth Regi- 
ment, taking an honorable part in the battle of Ball's Bluff, and 
serving in that capacity till the opening of the Peninsular campaign 
in the spring of 1862. Colonel Devens being then made brigadier 
general and Lieutenant Colonel Ward (absent from wounds) suc- 
ceeding to the colonelcy, Major Kimball became lieutenant colonel 
and took command of the regiment, leading it ably through the Pe- 
ninsular campaign, during the movement northward, in connection 



GENERAL OFFICERS. >M1 

^^■hh General Pope's campaign, and at the battle of Antietam, where 
the regiment sustained severe loss. November 12, l8»iL', he was 
commissioned colonel of the Fifty-third Regiment, and j()inin<' his 
new command at New York accompanied it to Louisiana, where ho 
well sustained his reputation, making the Fifty-third one of the most 
elVicient of the short-term regiments. After the fall of Port Hud- 
sou and the return of his command, Colonel Kimball was appointed 
sujierintendent of recruiting for Worcester county, with head- 
(juarters at Worcester, and in the spring of 18G4 was tendered the 
colonelcy of the Fifty -seventh Regiment, which he was compelled 
to decline on account of the state of his health, which had been im- 
j)aired by the exposure at Port Hudson, lie had also been proiYered 
the command of the Thirty-sixth Regiment during the summer of 

1862, but the War Department then declined to release him from 
the command of the Fifteenth. After the close of the war he was 
for some years ])ension agent at Fitchburg, till that office was con- 
solidated with the one at Boston. His brevet rank dates from 
March 13, 1805. 

Brevet Brigadier General William S. King: 

Was })iominent in recruiting at Roxbury Company K of the Thirty- 
lit'th Regiment, of which he was commissioned captain dating from 
August 4, 1862. At Antietam he succeeded to the command of the 
regiment after the wounding of Lieutenant Colonel Carruth and 
was himself Avounded in seven places and borne from the field, but 
survived and rejoined the command as major on the 8th of April, 

1863, He was soon after commissioned lieutenant colonel and 
served as chief of staff of the Second Division, Ninth Cor|)S, till 
July 1, when he was appointed Provost Marshal (leneral of Ken- 
tucky and in August military commandant of the District of Lex- 
ington. This position he held till early April, 1864, when he was 
recalled to Massachusetts as suj)erintendent of recruiting service, 
in which he was engaged till the formation of the Fourth Regiment 
of Heavy Artillery by the consolidation of 12 unattached companies 
which had been sent to the Washington defenses during .*^ei)tember, 

1864, when on the 14th of November he was commissioned its 
colonel and served with it till mustered out June 17,1865. His 
brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. General King died at 
Roxbury June 29, 1882. 



948 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



Brevet Brij^adier General Ralph W. Kirkhain, 

A native of Springfield, graduated at West Point in tlie class of 
1842, being brevetted second lieutenant of the Second Infantry, and 
in February following receiving a commission as second lieutenant 
in the Sixth Infantry. He served as adjutant of that regiment dur- 
ing the war with Mexico, being brevetted first lieutenant and cap- 
tain for gallant conduct, and was wounded at the battle of Molino 
Del Rey. In the interval between the Mexican war and the rebel- 
lion he served at various posts as assistant adjutant general or 




Brevki- Bkig. Gen. K. W, Kjkkham. 



quartermaster, and in the spring of 1861 was stationed at Foit 
Walla Walla in Washington Territory with the rank of captain. 
He was chief quartermaster of the Department of the Pacific from 
August 31, 1861, to June 27, 1865, and of the Department of Cali- 
fornia from that time onward. He received the commission of 
major February 26, 1863, and from the 13th of March, 1865, brevets 
of lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general "for faithful 
and meritorious servies in the quartermaster's department during 
the rebellion." He resigned his commission February 11, 1870. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



'.>4!> 



Brigadier General Frederick W. Lander 

Of Salem had been in the employ of the United States government 
some eight or nine years as an engineer at the l)i-ea!<ing ont of the 
war. Xaturallv of an adventurous and fearless sr)irit, and havinsr 
been educated at a military school, his experience in making six 
surveys across the continent from tlie ^lississippi i-iver to California, 
one of which extended to Washington Territory, had litted him for 
l)rilliant service to his country. Late in March, 18(')1, he was sent 




Brig. Gun. 1- ki;ui;kilK W. Landbk. 



as a confidential agent of the government to Texas; but fmding 
that nothing could be effected toward holding that state for the 
Union he hurried back to Washington to await the crisis, at once 
offering his service to General Scott, "anywhere, at auy time." 
Being a friend of General McClcllau, Lander on the former taking 
command in West Virginia, volunteered to serve on his staff as an 
aide-de-camp, with the rank of colonel, and in that capacity accom- 
•panied Colonel Dumont's column to Philippi on the night of .Tune 
2, leading a reconnaissance in front of the main body, i)ostin<r (he 



950 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

artillery, then making a connection with Colonel Kelley's column, 
riding into the enemy's ranks and taking prisoner a man who had 
shot Colonel Kclley. At the battle of Rich Mountain, July 11, he 
led General Rosecrans's column into action, winning additional 
compliments from all his superior officers for bravery and ability. 
He was made a brigadier general of volunteers dating from May 
17, 1861, and assigned to the command of the Second Brigade of 
General Stone's Division or *•' Corps of Observation." The duties 
of that position were not, however, sufficiently exciting to suit his 
nature, and he Avas in Washington, where he had just completed 
arrangements for the opening of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
along the upper Potomac, when news was received of the battle 
of Ball's Bluff, in which a portion of his brigade had taken part. 
Hastening to the scene he was on the following day wounded 
in the leg during a skirmish. Before recovering entirely from the 
wound he proceeded to the Upper Potomac and took command of a 
division of troops under General Banks, covering the region from 
Hancock to Cumberland, with his principal force and headquarters 
most of the time at Camp Chase, near Paw Paw Tunnel on the 
Virginia side of the river. His management of the command dur- 
ing the whiter was faultless, checking every demonstration by the 
enemv, and on the 14th of February, 1862, he led a column against 
Bloomery Gap, where Colonel Sencendiver commanded a brigade 
of Virginia militia. General Lander with a few hundred cavalry, 
his infantry being in the rear, charged the partially surprised Con- 
federates, captured over 60, including several officers, and put the 
last organized force in his front to rout. In making his report of 
the engagement, General Lander asked to be relieved, on account 
of failing health, but the request was not heeded. On the 2d of 
March he received orders to report with his command at once to 
Martinsburg, and began preparations for the march, when his ill- 
ness took a congestive form and he died suddenly. His body was 
taken to Salem and buried with high honors. 



Brevet Brigadier General William H. Lawrence 

Of Boston, who had been for several years a member of the Boston 
Fusileers, attaining the rank of first lieutenant, was commissioned 
as first lieutenant and adjutant of the First Massachusetts Regi- 



GENERAL OFFICE IIS. 



051 



ment, May 25, 1861, and went to the front in that capacity, hut 
served only till the 2.3d of Ang-ust, 1801, wlien he was assi^-ned to 
the staff of General Joseph Hooker, then commandinj^ the hri;2:ade 
of which the First Regiment formed a part. In his position of 
aide-de-camp he developed marked qualities of military genius which 
endeared him to his gallant chief, and he retained the ))osition 




Brevet Brig. Gen. William H Lawrence. 



throughout the war and for some time subsequently, holding during 
most of the time the commission of major, and receiving from the 2d 
of April, 1865, the brevets of lieutenant colonel, colonel and briga- 
dier general of volunteers, for gallant service at the battles of Antie- 
tam. Lookout Mountain and Peach Tree Creek respectively. He 
also served for a time after the Avar on the staff of General But- 
ler. He was twice wounded in action, and died November 28, 
1874, aged 40 years. 

Brevet Brigadier General Horace C. Lee 

Was city clerk and treasurer of Springfield at the breaking out of 
the rebellion, and his eminent military capacities, by which ho had 
several years before risen to the rank of colonel and acting brigadier 



952 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



in the state militia, made it desirable that his services should be 
secured for his country. On the 23d of August, 1861, he was offered 
the lieutenant colonelcy of the Twenty-tirst Regiment, then being 
formed, and went to Boston to accept it, when he was given authority 
to raise in Western ]\Iassachusetts one of five regiments which had 
just been authorized. This he did, and on the 20th of September 
was commissioned colonel of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, forming 
a part of the Burnside expedition to North Carolina. He ably com- 




ir-f ■>' 



Brevet Brig. Gen. Horace C, Lee. 



manded the regiment at the battles of Roanoke Island and Newbern 
and till July 4, 1862, when he took command of the brigade, lead- 
ing it in the Trenton, Tarboro and Goldsboro expeditions and win- 
ning praise for the able handling of his troops in repulsing General 
Clingman's attack, at the latter place. He was recommended by 
General Foster for promotion to the rank of brigadier, but the com- 
mission was not granted on account of the number already given to 
Massachusetts officers. On the departure of General Burnside he 
was appointed provost marsbal general of North Carolina and later 
of the Department of Virginia and North -Carolina, and acted in 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 953 

that capacity till the office was abolished by Creneral Butler in Janu- 
ary, 1864. He then served upon connnissinns and courts-martial 
till the opening of the campaign in May iullowinii-, when he re- 
sumed command of his regiment, leading it at Walthal Junction, 
Arrowficld Ciiurch and Drewry's Bluff. In the latter engagement 
he was made prisoner, with a large portion of his command, and 
was confined at Libby Prison and at Macon, Ga. From the latter 
place he was removed June 10, and with many other Union ollicers 
placed under the fire of the F'cderal batteries at Charleston, S. C. 
Being exchanged on the 2d of August, 1864, he went north on a 
month's furlough, but returned to Fortress Monroe in time to inter- 
cept his regiment, then under orders for North Carolina, and pro- 
cured the return to Massachusetts of those whose time was about 
to cx|)irc. He was mustered out with them, September 27, 1864, 
and for meritorious service received a well-deserved brevet of bi-iga- 
dier general of volunteers, dating from March 13, 1865. He then 
served four years in the Boston Custom House and 12 yeai-s as 
postmaster of S|)ringfield, dying June 22, 1884, soon after vacat- 
ing the latter ottice. 

Brevet Brigadier General William Baymond Lee 

Of Roxbury was a student at the Military Academy at West Point, 
of the class of which Jefferson Davis was a member. He, however, 
left his military studies to become a civil engineer, and was later 
superintendent of the Boston and Providence Railroad. When the 
rebellion broke out his patriotism led him to tender his services to 
Governor Andrew in connection with the raising and sending forth 
of volunteers, tliough he was then 54 years of age. Assisted by an 
able corps of younger men. lie raised the Twentieth Massachusetts 
Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel, dating from .July 
1, 1861. Taking his command to Washington as soon as it was 
organized, he was assigned to duty on the Potomac near Poolesville 
•and with the larger part of his regiment shared in the disastrous 
battle of Ball's Bluff on the 21st of October, 1861, where he was 
made prisoner of war. While in captivity at Richmond he was 
selected with others to be held as a hostage for the lives of Con- 
federate privateers in the hands of the national governmf^nt, and 
during this time he was quartered in the common county prison at 
Richmond with his unfortunate fellow-hostages. Being exchanged 



954 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

the following spring, he rejoined his command before Yorktown, 
leading it gallantly at the battle of Fair Oaks. At the battle of 
Nelson's Farm or Glendale he was in command of three regiments 
of his brigade, and while holding an advanced position he received 
severe injuries by a horse falling upon him. Returning to Massa- 
chusetts to recover from his accident, he was during the early part 
of August in command of Camp Briggs at Pittsfield where the 
Thirty-seventh Regiment was beginning to gather; but he was 
again in the lield at the head of his regiment in time for the Antie- 
tam campaign, and commanded the Twentieth in its unfortunate 
experience during the battle of the 17th of September, 1862. It 
soon became evident that Colonel Lee was physically incapable of 
enduring the exposures of active campaigning, after the hardships 
through which he had already passed, and on the 17th of December, 
1862, after another period of absence from his regiment, he reluct- 
antly resigned his commission and was not again actively engaged 
in military duties. Witl> many others, he received the brevet of 
brigadier general of volunteers dating from the 13th of March, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General William S. Lincoln 

Of "Worcester became lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-fourth Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment at its organization in the summer of 1862, 
being in command of Camp John E. Wool during the gathering 
of the recruits for the Thirty-fourth and other regiments. After 
reaching Washington he was much of the time in command of the 
regiment, owing to the assignment of Colonel Wells to other duties, 
and during the stay near Harper's Ferry was at times in command 
of a brigade. At the disastrous battle of New Market he was 
severely wounded and made a prisoner. Being taken to Harrison- 
burg, after passing some time in the hospital there Colonel Lincoln 
with a single companion managed to escape one night when he was 
about to be sent further south, and after great suffering and a 
variety of adventures finally reached the Union lines at Cumber- 
land. Returning to Massachusetts he gradually recovered and late 
in November returned to the army near Winchester, though with 
wounds s^ill unhealed, having been promoted to colonel vice Wells, 
killed in action. Being unfitted for active duty in the field, Colonel 
Lincoln was assigned to detached duty at Cumberland, where he 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 9r,r> 

remahu'd throuuh the winter and early spring, rejoining Ids regi- 
ment near Richmond after the surrender ol" Lee. He was then as- 
signed to the command of the brigade — First Brigade, Independent 




Brevet Buio. Gen. William S. Lincdln. 

Division, Twenty-fonrth Cor{)S — which lie lield till June lo, 1865, 
when he returned to the command of the regiment, and accom- 
panied it to Massachusetts for muster out, his brevet as brigadier 
general dating from June 23 of that year. He died at Worcester, 
November 8, 1889, aged 78. 



Brevet 3Iajor General Charles (i. Loring^ 

Of Ijoston was nominated by (lovernor Andrew for a commission 
on the staff of General Burnside, then organizing the North Caro- 
lina Expedition. Reporting at Annapolis in December, 18*51, he 
was assigned to duty as quartermaster, with the rank of cajitain; 
and when Burnside's fleet was shattered by the storm at Hatteras 
Inlet, he was dispatched to New York to charter a steamship and 
load it with naval supplies of all kinds. On the taking of Newliern 
he was i)laced in charge of transfujrtation by sea and all naval re- 



956 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

pairs, and later in charge of the railroads of the department. On 
the organization of the Ninth Corps, in July, 1862, he was made 
assistant inspector general with the rank of lieutenant colonel, but 
owing to illness could not join the corps in the field till September. 
When General Burnside succeeded McClellan in command of the 
Army of the Potomac, Colonel Loring was assigned to duty at 
head-quarters, serving there during the Fredericksburg campaign 
and for some weeks under General Hooker. He was then at Gen- 
eral Burnside's request transferred to staff duty with the latter at 
head-quarters ^Department of the Ohio. In May, 1863, Loring was 
sent by Burnside to General Eosecrans at Murfreesboro with verbal 
instructions (communication being too hazardous to intrust any. 
thing of importance to pa])er) to arrange for a joint advance upon 
Knoxville and East Tennessee. Rosecrans conferred with General 
Thomas, indorsed a plan suggested by the latter, and the advance 
was planned ; but on the day after Burnside took the field to carry 
it out the Ninth Corps was ordered to the assistance of Grant at 
Vicksburg. Later in the season Burnside entered Knoxville, where 
he was besieged by the Confederate General Longstreet, and during 
the siege it was Loring's duty twice a day to make a tour of the 
lines to observe the movements and purpose of the enemy. During 
the campaign of 1864 he continued on Burnside's staff, and at the 
Battle of the Crater, July 30, volunteered to accompany the leading 
division into the demolished Confederate works. After the retire- 
ment of Burnside, Colonel Loring served on the staff of General 
Park till the close of the war. He was brevetted colonel August 
1, 1864, "-for gallant and meritorious conduct at the battles of the 
Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Bethesda Church and during the 
operations before Petersburg, Va.," brigadier general of the same 
date "for the campaign in East Tennessee and at the siege of Knox- 
ville," and major general July 17,1865, for general service, though 
the recommendation of his commander was for the affair of the Mine. 



Brigadier General Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., 

Of Boston, was engaged in the management of iron-works at Cum 
berland, Md., when the Sixth Massachusetts were assaulted at Balti- 
more. Hastening at once to that city and finding railroad com- 
munication cut off, Mr. Lowell made his way on foot to Washington 



GENERAL OFFICE US. «»:,T 

where he applied for a commission of the lowest r;iuk in tlic rcirulai- 
artillery, awaiting which he busied iiinisclf in the interests of Mas- 
sachusetts troops and in assisting- the national govci-nnicnt in other 
ways. I'.istead of the position for which he iiad applied, he was 
offered and accepted a caj)taincy in the Sixth United States Cavalry, 
devoting himself enthusiastically to that arm of the service. In tliis 
capacity he served through the Peninsuhir cam|)aign with distinc- 
tion, and after the battle of Malvein Hill Ijecamc a member of Gen- 
eral McClellan's staff. At the battle of the Antietam he displayed 
great gallantry in checking the retreat of General Sedgwick's Divis- 
ion at a critical moment, in recognition of which he was detailed 
by McClellan to convey to President Lincoln at Washington the 39 
battle flags captured from the Confederates during the battle. In 
November following he was returned to Massachusetts to recruit 
and organize the Second Regiment of Cavalry, with which he re- 
ported at Washington in May, 18<33, and with head-ipiarters at 
Vienna was put in command of the cavalry of the department. 
For more than a year he hold this responsil)le command, jx'iietrating 
all the surrounding country and not only protecting the Union lines 
from the annoyance of guerrilla bands, but driving the latter from 
their chosen haunts. When in the summer of 18(»4 General Early 
abandoned his threatening movement against Washington and 
started in retreat, Colonel Lowell with the Second hung upon his 
rear tdl the Confederates undertook with a strong force to crush 
the persistent regiment. At Rockville a sharp engagement came 
off, the head of Lowell's coliunn being thrown into confusion; but 
the command was halted and dismounted and repelled several de- 
termined charges of the enemy in vastly superior numbers. When 
Sheridan took command of the department Colonel Lowell was 
given a brigade comjjosed of his own regiment and the dismounted 
cavalry of the dej)artnient gathered in temporary organization, with 
which he took an active part in all the subsecpient operations in and 
about the Shenandoah VaUey. On the :26th of August Colonel 
Lowell so distinguished himself in an attack u|)on the Confederate 
infantry out})Osts that with his regiment he was transferred to the 
Reserve Brigade of cavalry and artillery, consisting mostly of 
United States Regulars, of which he took command. With this 
brigade he did noble service at the Ijattle of the 0|)e(pian, Septem- 
ber 19, making near the close of the fight a magnillceut charge with 



mS MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

some 600 of his command upon an intrenched infantry line of the 
enemy, routing them in confusion and capturing two pieces of artil- 
lery. In the brilliant cavalry fight of the 9th of October, in which 
the enemy was defeated and driven 20 miles, from Woodstock to 
Mount Jackson, Lowell led the advance of General Merritt's Divis- 
ion against the Confederate force commanded by Lomax, winaing 
victory almost without loss, the engagement being familiarly known 
as "The Woodstock Races." At the opening of the battle of Cedar 
Creek, October 19,1864, Lowell's Brigade was posted on the Union 
right, which position it held till relieved by infantry, when it was 
moved to the extreme left, a half-mile or so to the north of Middle- 
town. Here dismounting his men and gaining the cover of a stone- 
wall, Lowell checked the victorious advance of the enemy and re- 
pulsed several determined efforts to drive his little band from its 
position. In three determined charges he led his men against the 
Confederates, having his horse shot under him during the third, — 
the 13th horse thus lost during the campaign of three months. At 
the same time he received a severe contusion from a spent ball^ 
causing dangerous internal hemorrhage and the loss of his voice: 
yet he refused to leave the field, saying he wished to lead in the 
final charge, and when it was ordered at 3 o'clock ho was lifted to 
his horse and rode to the front. His determined troopers cheered 
their dying chief and obeyed his whispered commands as though 
his voice still rang over the field ; but as the line swept forward he 
was again struck down with a bullet through the chest. He still 
desired to be and was carried forward till assured that victory was 
won, when he was taken to Middletown, where he died the following 
morning in his 30th year. It is no disparagement of others to say 
that Massachusetts sent to the front no more brilliant and worthy 
officer than Colonel Lowell. His commission as brigadier general 
was signed at Washington on the day that his mortal wound was 
received, and was on the way to camp when he died. His star was 
bravely won, though never worn. 



Brevet Brigradier General Luke Lyman 

Of Northampton entered the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts Regi- 
ment as lieutenant colonel at the time of its formation, being 37 
years of age. He had for many years been identified with the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



0">() 



Northainptcm Artillery Company, a militia infantry orjranization of 
hiuh rank, of which he had been connnander. At the outbreak of 
the war he became by request military instructor at Amherst Col- 
lege, rendering valuable servii-(> and infusing the students with mili- 
tary zeal. During his service witli the regiment he was nuich of 
the time its commanding oflicer, Colonel Lee l)eing acting brigadier, 
and led it through the Tarboro, Goldsboro, (Jum Swamp and Wise 
Forks ex})criences, and was with it at the siege of Little NVashiug- 




Brevet IJkig. Gen. Lukr Lyman. 



ton,N. C. There he was for some months in command of the post ; 
a responsible position, as he had not only the military sujjcrvision 
but as well was charged with the promotion of legitimate trade and 
suppression of the illicit traflic with the rebel population which 
many on both sides of the lines attempted to conduct on account 
of the great profits accompanying success. He resigned on th§ 
27th of May, 1863, and received the brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers from the 13th of March, 18G5. General Lyman was 
a worthy olticer, pojjular with all classes, from the private soldier 



960 ifASSACIIUSErrS IN THE WAR. 

of his regiment to the governor of the state, who at his resignation 
expressed the belief that '' it would be a great loss to the regiment 
to lose so able and faithful an officer." He died at Montreal, 

November 12, 1889. 

Brevet Majttr General Gfeorg-e K. Macy 

Of Nantucket went to the front as first lieutenant of Company I, 
Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, his commission 
dating from the 10th of July, 1861, and after the battle of Ball's 
Bluff he was advanced to a captaincy, being commissioned Novem- 
ber 8. Serving continuously with his regiment, he was jM-omoted 
to major December 18, 18(32, and to lieutenant colonel May 1 fol- 
lowing. At the battle of Gettysburg he was severely wounded, 
necessitating the amputation of a hand, and on the death of Colonel 
Revere, July 5, he was commissioned colonel. Returning to the 
regiment about the middle of October ensuing, he commanded it, 
save when temporarily absent, till the battle of the Wilderness. In 
that engagement, on the 6th of May, he was wounded in the leg, 
and did not again return to the Twentieth. On recovering he was 
placed in command of the provost guard at head-quarters of the 
Army of the Potomac, whei'e he served till the close of the war, 
being mustered out July 27, 1865, with the brevet of major general 
of volunteers from March 13 of that year. He died at his home in 
Boston, February 13, 1875, from an accidentally self-infHcted pistol- 
shot wound. 

Brevet Major General Randolph B. Marcy? 

Born in the town of Greenwich in 1812, graduated at the Military 
Academy at West Point in the class of 1832, and received the bre- 
vet of second lieutenant of the Fifth Infantry. He attained by 
regular promotion the rank of captain May 18, 1846, and served as 
such in the Mexican war. lie also saw some service in the Seminole 
war in Florida. He was promoted to major and paymaster August 
22, 1859, and on the 9th of August, 1861, to colcnel and inspector 
general in chief of the United States Army, which position ho lield 
during the entire rebellion. He served in this capacity on the staff 
of General McClcllan till the latter was relieved from command in 
the autunm of 1862, and was in all the battles Avliere McClcllan 
commanded. He was twice during the war commissioned brigadier 



GENERAL OFFICERS. -Hil 

general of volunteers — September 28, 18<)1, and September 13, 
18G2, — but in eaeh case the eonmiission expired with the adjourn- 
ment of the congressional session. At the close of the war he re- 
ceived the brevet rank of brigadier general and also of major gen- 
eral in the regular line, datinti' from March 18, iSd."), and continuin"- 
in the inspection department of the army was on the I'Jth of De- 
cember, 1878, commissioned brigadier general. He was retired on 
the 2d of January, 1881, at his own reipiest after more than 42 
years' service, and died at his home in Orange, X. J., on the 22d of 
November, 1887. 

Brevet Brigadier General Napoleon B. McLaughlen 

Was a native of A'crmont, entering the United States Army from 
New York May 27, 1850, as private in Comi)any F, Second Dra- 
goons, and rising by regular promotion through the various non- 
commissioned grades was on the 27th of March, iStJl, commissioned 
second lieutenant in the First United States Cavalry; first lieuten- 
ant of the Fourth Cavalry on the 3d of May following, and captain 
on the 17th of July, 18<)2. At the request of Governor Andrew 
he was made colonel of the First Massachusetts Volunteers from 
the 1st of October following, and ably connnanded that regiment 
during the remainder of its service, till the muster out. May 28, 
1864. He received brevets in the regular line "for gallant and 
meritorious services" at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where his 
regiment did noble work. After a brief respite from the volunteer 
service he was again commissioned colonel of a Massachusetts regi- 
ment — this time the Fifty seventh — with rank dating from Decem- 
l)er, 1862. This made him senior colonel of the lu'igade to which 
tlie Fifty-seventh was attached — First Brigade, First Division, Ninth 
Army Corps — and on rei)orting for duty, September 14, 1864, he 
took command of the brigade, succeeding General W. F. Bartlett 
who had l)cen taken prisoner at the ill-starred l)attle of the Crater, 
some weeks before. He was brevetted brigadier general of volun- 
teers from September 30, 1864, the date of the battle of Pdplar 
Grove Church, in which his command took a {jrominent part, and 
colonel and brigadier general of the regular ai-my from the 13th nf 
March, 1865; the former rank for gallant services during the attack 
on Fort Stedman, March 25 of that year, and the second for like 
services in the field during the war. In the Fort Stedman affair, 



DoJ MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

after repulsing the Confederates to the right of the fort with his 
brigade, he entered the fort, not knowing that it had been tempora- 
rily captured by the enemy's bold dash, and was himself made 
prisoner; but his term of confinement was short owing to the speedy 
termination of the war. Returning to his captaincy in the regular 
line, he was made major of the Tenth Cavalry May 17, 1876, and 
was retired as such on the 26th of June, 1882, at his own request, 
having faithfully served his government for more than 32 years. 
He died of apoplexy at his home in New York City on the 28th of 
January, 1887, in the 65th year of his age, and his remains were 
buried at Worcester, N. Y. 



Major General Nelson A. Miles 

Of Roxbury began his brilliant military career as first lieutenant of 
Company E, Twenty-second Massachusetts Regiment, with commis- 
sion dated October 1, 1861. Soon after reaching Washington with 
the regiment, he secured an appointment on the staff of General 
Casey, which he retained from the 7th of November till the close 
of March, 1862. He was then commissioned lieutenant colonel 
of the Sixty-first New York Regiment, being promoted on the 30th 
of September following to colonel. At the battle of Chancellors- 
ville, in command of his regiment, he rendered valuable service in 
preventing a flank movement of the enemy by way of Mott Run, 
and while gallantly fighting his command was shot through the 
body. Recovering, he entered the campaign of 1864 in command 
of the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, of which his 
regiment formed a part, fighting valiantly at Spottsylvania and re- 
ceiving in recognition the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers 
from that date — May 12, 1864. In the subsequent operations of 
the Army of the Potomac his brigade was ever at the front, and 
soon after the investment of Petersburg he was promoted to the 
command of the division. This he held to the close of the war, 
handling it everywhere in the most gallant manner. He received 
the brevet of major general of volunteers August 25, 1864, and 
was commissioned full major general of volunteers on the 21st of 
October, 1865., remaining in the volunteer service until the 1st of 
September, 1866 ; he was then mustered out, and a few days later 
vi'ns commii-sioned colonel of the Fortieth United States Regulars. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



Ofti 



He was subsequently transferred to the Fifth Rccfimcnt, and on the 
14th of December, 1880, was promoted to brifradicr <!:encral, with 
the brevet of major general in the regular line, his ])resunt rank. 



Brevet Brijjadier General Albert Ordway 

Of Cambridge, a graduate of Harvard, was a private soldier in the 
ranks of the New England Guards at the opening of tho war. On 
the organization of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment ho 




Brevkt Brig. Gen. Aldert Ordwav. 



was commissioned first lieutenant September 2, 1861, in Comi)any 
G. He succeeded Lieutenant Anderson as adjutant of the regiment, 
acting as such during the campaigns of 1862, and in December of 
that year became aide-de-camp on the staff of General Henry 
Prince, commanding the Fifth Division, Eighteenth Corps. He 
served there till July, 1868, when he was ordered to the Army of 
the Potomac and took a place on the staff of the Second Division, 
Third Corps, rejoining his regiment at St. Augustine, Fia., in 
November of that year. The regiment being ordered to Virginia 



904 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. 



the followinis: spring, he was detailed as ordnance officer o£ the First 
Division, Tenth Corps, and served till July, when he was granted 
sick leave. He returned to the command of his regiment in No- 
vemher, having been promoted captain June 1, 1864, major Septem- 
ber 14, and lieutenant colonel November 15. After the fall of 
Richmond his regiment was ordered on duty in that city, and June 
9, 1865, he was made provost marshal of the Department of Vir- 
ginia — a responsible position which he ably filled. He was mus- 
tered out February 10, 1866, the brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers from March 13, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General Francis A. Osborn 

Of Boston was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Twenty- 
fourth Massachusetts Regiment at its organization, August 31, 1861, 










Brevet Brig. Gen. Francis A. Osborn. 



and succeeded to the colonelcy on the promotion of Colonel Steven- 
son, December 28, 1862. He was in command of the regiment 
from April, 1862, except when on detached service, and led the 



aE.XKHAL OFFICERS. 965 

chart,nng party which captiii-cd an important rifle-pit in front of 
Fort Wagner, on Morris ishuul, August 26, 1803. Shortly after he 
was selected, in coniinaud of his own regiment and another, to at- 
tempt the cai)ture by assault (jf Fort Sumter, hut owing to the dilh- 
cultics of the ground was unable to embark his troops till after a 
futile attempt had been made by the navy, demonstrating that the 
fort could not be carried in that manner. Early*in October he was 
placed in command of the post of St. Augustine, Fla., and remained 
there till the middle of February, when he was transferred to com- 
mand the jjost of Jacksonville, Fla. In May he resumed command 
of his i-egiment, which became a part of the Army of the James. 
During August and September, 18(J4, he commanded a brigade of 
the Second Division, Tenth Cor|)s. Receiving leave of absence on 
the 16th of October, he did not again join the regiment in the field, 
being mustered out by exi)iration of service on the 13th of Novem- 
ber, 1864. He was given the brevet of brigadier general of volun- 
teers from the 13th of March, 1865. 



Brevet Major General Ciiarles J. Paiue 

Of Boston began his service as captain of Company I, Twenty- 
second Massachusetts Volunteers, being commissioned (^cto])er 1, 
1861, and serving as such till the 16th of January, 1862. when he 
resigned his commission and joined the Eastern Bay State Regiment 
(afterward the Thirtieth ^Massachusetts) of General Butler's ex- 
pedition as it touched at Fortress Monroe on its way south. He 
was selected by CJcneral Butler as major of the Thirtieth, and acted 
as such until the regimental ol'licers were commissioned by Governor 
Andrew. He was not conlirmed in the expected office, and con- 
sequently took a i)lace on ButleFs staff for a time, when he was 
commissioned colonel of the Second Louisiana (Loyal) Regiment, 
September, 1862. During the siege of l*ort Hudson Colonel i'aine 
was in command of a brigade, but served generally with his regi- 
ment till the spring of 1864 when he joined General Butler, then 
in command of the Army of the James, as volunteer aide-de-camp, 
and in that capacity took part in the battle of Drewry's Bluff. He 
was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers on the 4th of 
July, 1864, and took command of the Third Division (colored), 
Eigliteenth Corps. With this division he took part in the battle 



mj MASSACHUSETTS IJV THE WAR. 

of Newmarket Hights, on the north side of the James river, Sep 
tember 28, and with his division — then a part of the Twenty-fifth 
Corps — assisted in the capture of Fort Fisher in January following. 
His division became a part of General Terry's command, known as 
the Tenth Corps, from that time, and joined in the operations 
against Wilminu'ton and in the advance to Goldsboro to meet Gen- 
eral Sherman's victorious army. After the close of the war Gen- 
eral Paine was for some time in command of the military district 
of Beaufort, being mustered out on the 15th of January, 1866. 
His brevet of major general of volunteers dated from January 15, 
1865, being conferred in recognition of his services at Fort Fisher. 



Brevet Brigadier General Francis W. Palfrey 

Of Boston, a graduate of Harvard College, was in the spring of 
1861 a second lieutenant in the Fourth Battalion, M. V. M., and as 
such took part in the garrisoning of Fort Independence from the 
25th of April to the 25th of May of that year. He then assisted 
in raising and organizing the Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts 
Volunteers, of which he was commissioned lieutenant colonel from 
the 1st of July. He served as second in command of the regiment 
till the battle of Ball's Bluff, when Colonel Lee being captured he 
commanded the regiment during the fall and winter and until near 
the termination of the siege of Yorktown early in May following, 
when Colonel Lee returned to duty. At the battle of Nelson's 
Farm, June 30, he was again in command of the Twentieth, and 
though wounded there continued to lead the regiment to the close of 
the Peninsular campaign. He was again second in command at the 
battle of the Antietam, where he was very severely wounded in the 
shoulder by a grape shot, in consequence of which he resigned his com- 
mission on the 13th of April, 1863, having been promoted to the rank 
of colonel from the 18th of December, 1862. He was brevetted 
brigadier general ]\[arch 13, 1865, and died at Cannes, France, 
December 5, 1889. 

Brevet Brigadier General Henry L. Patten 

Of Cambridge was one of Harvard's patriotic sons who gave his 
life for his country. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the 
Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment, November 25, 1861, joirjing the 



GENERAL OFFK'Elis. 967 

command in the field subsequent to its sad experiences at Ball's 
lUuff. Ho was promoted first lieutenant October 1, 1862, ciijjtain 
May 1, 1803, and major June 20, 18(14. During this time he was 
wounded at Nelson's Farm, June 30, 18G2, and twice at Gettysburg:, 
July 3, 1863. At Spottsylvania, on the 18th of May, he became by 
the fortunes of war the senior oOicer present for dutv with the rec;!- 
ment and assumed command, which he exercised in a most able 
manner. At the battle of Weldon Railroad the Twentieth under 
his command checked the success of the Confederate column and 
changed the fortunes of the day, for which he was warmly comjili- 
mentcd by his superior oflticcrs. At Deep Bottom, on the 16th of 
August following, he was wounded in the leg, necessitating am|)uta- 
tion. He was sent to Philadelj)hia for hosjjital treatment, where he 
died on the 10th of September, — from which date his brevet of 
brigadier ueneral of volunteers was conferred. 



Brevet Brijjadier General Charles L. Peirson 

Of Salem entered the service as first lieutenant and adjutant ol' the 
Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, and served in that capacity till 
the battle of Ball's Bluff, October 21,1861, when he was made j)risoner 
and he was held as such at Richmond for some months. After being 
exchanged he rejoined his regiment in the field, and served with it 
on the staffs of Brigadier General N. J. T. Dana and ^lajor Gen- 
eral John Sedgwick, through all McClellan's battles before Rich- 
mond, until the retirement of the Army of the Potomac to Harrison's 
Landing. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Thirty- 
ninth Massachusetts Regiment August 30, 1862. Accompanyinur 
that organization to the front, he was once more returned to th" 
scene of his former experiences on the upper Potomac, and remained 
in that vicinity till after the l)attle of Gettysburg, the following 
summer, having during a portion of the time been in command of 
the Thirty-ninth. The regiment then joined the First Corps and 
served with it till the spring of 1864, when it was made part of the 
Fifth Corps and entered upon the campaign of that year. Lieuten- 
ant Colonel Peirson was wounded by a shell at Spottsylvania on the 
10th of ;May, but after an absence of a month returned to duty. 
Colonel Davis being killed before Petersburg on the 11th of July, 
1864, the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieutenant 



968 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



Colonel Pcirson and his commission as colonel was issued, but owing 
to the absence of the mustering officer he had not been mustered 
to that rank when, at the battle of the Weldon Railroad, August 
18 following, he was very severely wounded, and not being able to 
return to duty within six months was by the operation of a General 
Order of the War Department declared mustered out from the 4th 
of January, 1865. He was deservedly brevetted brigadier general 
of volunteers from March 13, 1865. 



Brevet Brij^tulier General Josi.Wi Pickett 
Of Worcester gave his first service to his country as first lieutenant 
of Compan}' A of Major Devens's battalion of riflemen, with whicli 
he went to Fort McHenry in May, 1861, and returned in August 




Brevet LSrig. Gen. Josiah Pickett. 



following. He then interested himself in the enlistment of the 
Twenty-fifth Regiment, in which he was commissioned captain of 
Company A, October 12, 1861. On the resignation of Major Mc- 
Cafferty he was promoted to the vacancy, dating from March 20, 
1862, being from that time frequently in command of the regiment. 



GESERAL OFFICERS. WJ 

His couimission as colonel bore date of October 20. 1802, and must 
of the subsequent notable service of the Twenty-lifth was under his 
direction. At the disastrous battle of Drewry's Blufl", May 10, 18t54, 
his was the only regiment of Heckman's Briirade not jjractically 
destroyed, and gathering the remains of the other retriments with 
his own, Colonel Pickett bravely beat back the exultant foe and 
saved the right of the Union line from further disaster. He re- 
tained the colonelcy till the 10th of January, 1805, when he was 
mustered out, and from the 13th of March following received the 
brevet of brigadier general of volunteer's "for gallant and meritori- 
ous services during the war, especially at the battle of Cold Harbor 
where severely wounded." 



Brig.i(lier General Joseph B. Pluuinier 

Was a native of Massachusetts, from which he was ajjpointed to the 
Military Academy at West Point, entering in 1837 and graduating 
July 1, 1841, when he was commissioned second lieutenant in the 
First Regiment, United States Infantry. During the Mexican war he 
was in garrison at Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico. He attained 
the rank of captain in the First Regiment May 1, 1852, and most 
of his service was at the various stations in Texas, though the open- 
ing of the rebellion found him at Leavenworth, Kan. He was 
prominently engaged in the early operations in Missouri, commnn<l- 
ing a battalion of three comjianies of regulars and one comjiany of 
riile recruits in the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1801, where 
he was wounded. After the retreat of the Union forces to RoUa 
he was commissioned colonel of the Eleventh Missouri volunteers 
and placed in command of the station at Cajie Girardeau, Mo., 
though his commission was not for some time confirmed. On the 
18th of October he led an expedition against a body of Confederates 
at Frederickstown under General Jeff Thompson, whom he defeated 
and pursued for 22 miles. For his part in this action he was highly 
complimented by General Grant, then in command of the District 
of Southeastern Missouri, as he had been by General Fremont for 
his services in the battle of Wilson's Creek. He also received the 
commission of brigadier general of volunteers dating from October 
22. 1801. He remained with his Fifth Brigade in command of the 
post at Cape Girardeau till al)Out the 1st of Maieh, 1802, when he 



970 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

joined the Army of the Mississippi, General Pope commanding, and 
in command of the Fifth Division shared in the operations against 
New Madrid, being located at Point Pleasant, Mo., where he suc- 
cessfully opposed the efforts of the Confederates to land and gain 
possession of that point, thus rendering important assistance to the 
operations of General Pope against Island No. 10. After the evacu- 
ation of the latter place, General Plummer took part in the expedi- 
tion against Fort Pillow in April, and the campaign against Corinth 
and the operations and engagements connected therewith occupying 
the two months following. During this time he was generally in 
command of a division of the left wing of the army, displaying his 
excellent military judgment and skill. While yet engaged in these 
operations he sickened and died near Corinth on the 9th of August, 
1862, at the age of 43. 

Breyet Brigadier General Carroll H. Potter 

A native of Rhode Island, was appointed to the Military Academy 
at West Point from Massachusetts July 1, 1855, but remained there 
only till the 15th of January, 1857. He was commissioned captain 
and assistant adjutant general of volunteers on the 21st of October, 
1861, and saw his first active duty in the field in the Peninsular 
campaign of the following spring, when he served on the staff of 
•General Jameson, winning high commendation for gallantry in 
several battles. He was subsequently chief of staff to Generals 
Robinson, Stoneman, Heintzelman and others, being promoted to 
major on the 25th of February, 1865, and his brevet of brigadier 
general of volunteers, "for meritorious services during the war," 
dated from the 13th of March following. On the 27th of the same 
month he was commissioned colonel of the Sixth United States Vol- 
unteer Infantry, serving as such till the 10th of October, 1866, when 
he was honorably mustered out. He had meantime been commis- 
sioned first lieutenant in the Eighteenth Regular Infantry from the 
28th of July, and was promoted to captain March 20, 1870, which 
rank he still holds. 

Brevet Brigadier Greneral George L. Prescott 
Of Concord responded to the first call of his country as captain of 
Company G, E'ifth Regiment, with which he served from the 19th 
of April, 1861, when the regiment was called into the field, till the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



1»71 



31st of July. At the organization of the First Battalion <tf Massa- 
chusetts Infantry for the garrisoning- of Fort Warron, Cii|)tiiin I'res- 
cott recruited a company at Concord which was mustered into ser- 
vice November 15, 1861, as Comjjany 15. When this battalion alter 
takinff the field the following summer became fully organized as the 
Thirty-second Regiment, Captain Prcscott was made its lieutenant 
colonel, dating from August 13, 1862, and on the resignation of 
Colonel Parker at the close of the year, Prescott succeeded to tin; 




Brevet Brig Obn. Gbokije L. HhBbCoi r. 



colonelcy. He was not present at the battle of Chanccllorsville, but 
returning to duty soon after was assiu-n<'<l with his regiment to guard 
the railroad from Acquia Creek, comnumded the Thirty -second at 
the battle of Gettysburg and at the opening of the 1864 campaign. 
In the attack on the Confederate position at Laurel ITiil, in front 
of Spottsylvania, May VI, he commanded the Second Brigade, First 
Division, Fifth Corps, and in the same capacity, on the 18th of June 
following, in the attack upon the Petersburg defenses, he received a 
wound from which he died the following day. ( )n the groimd which 
was gained by the charge a fort was built bearing his name, and his 



972 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 



heroism ^Yas indorsed by the brevet of brigadier general of volun- 
teers dating from the day when his death-wound was received. 



Brevet Brig<idier General Samuel M. Quincy 

Of Boston entered the service as captain of Company E, Second 
Massachusetts Regiment, and as such was severely wounded at 
Cedar Mountain, fell into the hands of the enemy and was taken to 
Libby Prison, from which he was paroled in October following but 




Brevet Brig Gbn Samuel M Quincy. 



was unable to rejoin his regiment till March 6, 1863, when he iiocame 
its colonel, his commission dating from the 9th of November pre- 
vious. He commanded the regiment in the Chancellorsville cam- 
paign, but being unable to endure active service in the field resigned 
and on the 20th of October Avas commissioned lieutenant colonel of 
the Seventy-third United States Colored Troops and detailed as in- 
spector on the staff of General Andrews at Port Hudson. In the 
following May he was transferred to the Ninety-sixth Colored Regi- 
ment, from which on the 13th of March, 1865, he received the brevet 



GENERAL OFFICERS. <)73 

of brigadier general, lie became coluuel ul" the Eighty-first Colored 
Regiment January 5, 1866, but was soon afterward mustered out of 
the service, having been for a time military mayor of the city of 
New Orleans. General Quincy died March 24, 1887, at Keene, N. H., 
whither he had gone from his Boston home for medical treatment. 



Brevet Biig:adier General S. Tyler Read 

Of Boston organized the First Unattached Company of Massachu- 
setts Cavalry, or Mounted Rifle Rangers, in the autumn of 18(U. of 
which he was commissioned captain on the 20th of Fel)ruary fol- 
lowing, the company forming a i)ortion of General Butler's expedi- 
tion against New Orleans. Captain Read remained in command of 
his company, doing valuable service in difi'erent portions of the De- 
partment of the Gulf, till the 13th of August, 1863. Some two 
months previous to that time his company, with the two other in- 
dependent cavalry conijjanies from Massachusetts, was attached to 
the Forty-first Massachusetts Regiment, which was then transformed 
into the Third Cavalry Regiment, and Captain Read received a 
well-earned promotion to the rank of major. This position he held 
till the e.Kpiration of his term of enlistment, November 1. 1864, 
when he was mustered out, having taken part in nearly all the opera- 
tions of his comjtany and regiment during the three years of con- 
stant and arduous duty. Jn recognition of his services lie received 
the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers, dating from the 13th 
of March, 1865. 

Brevet Brigadier General Paul J. Revere 

Of Boston, a graduate of Harvard University, entered the service 
as major of the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers, his commis- 
sion being dated July 1, 1861. As such he accompanied his regi- 
ment to Washington and thence to the upper Potomac. In the bat- 
tle of Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861, he was wounded in the leg and 
made prisoner, being confined at first in Libby Prison and afterward 
being one of seven Federal officers made hostages for the lives of 
Confederate privatecrsmen held by the United States government 
on the charge of ]iiracy. For three months he was with his fellow- 
hostages confined in a wretched cell of Henrico county jail. He 
was paroled on the 22d of February, 1862, and being exchanged 



974 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

May 2 rejoined his regiment before Yorktown. He was detached 
from the Twentieth shortly before the battle of Antietam, and beini: 
commissioned lieutenant colonel took the position of assistant in- 
spector general on the staff of General Sumner, commanding the 
Second Army Corps. He was wounded at the battle of Antietam 
and was at home on leave till the following spring, when he was 
commissioned colonel of the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment 
and joined it some time before the battle of Gettysburg. In that 
engagement he was mortally wounded at evening of the 2d of July, 
dying from liis injuries on the 5th, his brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers dating from the day of receiving his fatal wound. 
Among her fallen sons, Massachusetts had to mourn none truer or 
braver than Colonel Revere. 



Brevet Major General David A. Russell 

Of Salem, N. Y., though not a j-esident of Massachusetts, is entitled 
to record among the heroic sons of the Old Bay State from his able 
services in command of her Seventh Regiment. At the opening of 
the war he was a captain in the Eighth United States Infantry, hav- 
ing been appointed to West Point from New York — his native state — 
in 1841 and graduating in 1845. He was commissioned colonel of 
the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment January 31, 1862, and in Gen- 
eva! McClcllan's advance up the Peninsula from Williamsburg to 
Fair Oaks, Colonel Russell was in command of the skii-mish line, 
handling it with eminent ability; being fitted for the service by his 
previous training in Indian warfare. When the change of base to 
the James river was decided on, it was Colonel Russell with his 
Seventh Regiment that preceded the advance guard, feeling the way 
carefully thi'ough a strange region. Following the battle of Fred- 
ericksburg he was ])laced in command of the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Sixth Corps, receiving the commission of brigadier gen- 
eral of volunteers to date from November 29, 1862. In the severe 
fight of the Sixth Corps at Salem Church on the 3d of May, 1863, 
Russell's Brigade was among the first troops engaged, and fought 
heroically during the entire action. In the skirmishing and maneu- 
vering preliminary to the Gettysburg campaign his brigade had 
its full share, as it had in all the movements that followed during that 
important summer. One of the most brilliant of the able general's 



GENERAL OFFICEHS. 075 

militfiiy acts was the assault and cajttui-c of the Confedei-ato works 
at Rappahannock Station, November 7, 1863. General Russell was 
then in temporary command of the division, but when the assault 
was ordered he charucd at the head of his own britrade and was one 
of the first over the parapet. In the battle of the Wilderness, Rus- 
sell's Brigade received and repulsed a strong attack soon after going 
into position. At Spottsylvania, when General Wright succeeded 
the fallen Sedgwick in the command of the Sixth Corps, General 
Russell took Wright's former place in command of the First Divis- 
ion, liolding it till his death. As a division commander Russell did 
notable work during the remainder of the engagement at Spottsyl- 
vania, on the movement to and at Cold Harbor, before Petersburg 
and at Washington in meeting and rej)elling the advance of Earlv's 
troops at Fort Stevens. Proceeding thence to the Shenandoah Val- 
ley, General Russell had his full share of the arduous duties which 
followed till the battle of the Opequan, September 19. In the early 
part of that engagement his division was in reserve; but it was 
called into action by the peril to the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps 
soon after. Throwing his command into position, and leading them 
forward with great bravery. General Russell turned the tide of bat- 
tle and began to drive back the lately trium})hant foe. In this 
movement he received a severe bullet wound in the left breast, but 
gave no heed to it, not even mentioning the fact to a member of his 
staff. A few minutes later, while dii'ccting the forward sweep of 
his battalions, he was struck by a fragment of shell which passed 
through his body, inflicting a wound from which he died after a few 
minutes of great suffering. In recognition of his ability he received 
the brevets of major general, both of volunteers and in the regular 
army, dating from the day of his death. 



Brevet Brisradier Geueral Henry S. Russell 

Of Boston had just graduated from Harvard College and entered 
upon meicantile pursuits at the beginning of the war. Having had 
some experience in the Fourth Battalion, "New England Guards," 
he was on the organization of the Second Massachusetts Volunteers 
commissioned lirst lieutenant of Company G, May 28, 1801, and on 
ilie 13th of December of the same year was promoted to captain. 
At the battle of Cedar ^lountain, August 0, 1862, he was taken 



976 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

prisoner, and after being exchanged was commissioned lieutenant 
colonel of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry from January 22, 18G3. 
This commission he held till the 5th of April, 1864, when he was 
made colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, and after reaching 
Washington with that regiment he was for a time assigned to the 
command of a provisional brigade of colored troops at Camp Casey ; 
but on the 13th of May was ordered with his regiment to City Point 
and joined General Hincks's Division of the Eighteenth Corps, the 
regiment serving as infantry. In the advance against Petersburg, 
June 15, Colonel Russell was wounded, rejoining the regiment .Sep- 
tember 30 at Point Lookout, Md., where it was engaged in guarding 
Confederate prisoners of war. Colonel Russell retained the com- 
mand till February 14, 18(35, when he resigned. His l)revet of 
brigadier general dated from March 13, 18G5. 



Brevet Brigadier General Horace Binney Sargent 

Of West Roxbury was senior aide on the staff of Governor An- 
drew at the opening of the war, having previously served for two 
years on the staff of Governor Banks, and having had military ex- 
perience with the Boston Cadets running back to 1843, the year of 
his graduation at Harvard College. He retained his staff position 
till the following autumn when the voice of duty called him to the 
field and he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the First Mas- 
sachusetts Cavalry from October 12, 1861. Accompanying the regi- 
ment to iho South Carolina coast the ensuing winter, he served there 
till the larger part of the command was ordered to Virginia in 
August, 1862, his health being seriously affected by fever during 
the time. The return of Colonel Williams to the regular army ad- 
vanced Lieutenant Colonel Sargent to the full colonelcy of the regi- 
ment dating from the 30tli of October, 1862, and he retained that 
rank till the close of his service. He was much of the time in 
command of the First Brigade, Second Division, of the cavalry 
cor])S of the Army of the Potomac, having a full share of the ad- 
venturous duties devolving upon a capable cavalry commander. On 
the 12th of October, 1863, he was ordered to report to General 
Banks, commanding the Department of the Gulf, who had offered 
him the position of " chief of cavalry." During the delay of Colonel 
Sargent's transfer, however, the position was filled, and declining 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



977 



other positions whicli were ])roffere(l he accompanied General Banks 
on his Rio (Jrande expedition, but before it was over an attaclc of 
fever compelled his return to New Orleans. From that time he 
served as assistant to General Charles P. Stone, Banks's chief of 
staff, till the openinur of the sprint^ campaiun of 18<)4. The chief 
of cavalry being ill, he volunteered at the request of officers of liiLih 




Brevet Brig. Gen. Horace B. Sargent. 



standinu' in the dej)artment to act as aide on the staff of General 
Mower at the action of Henderson Hills or Bayou Rapides, March 
21, 1864. In that engagement he was severely wounded, and re- 
ceived for his distinguished services the brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers. While helpless in hospital he Avas again offered the 
position of chief of cavalry, but being wholly disabled he was dis- 
charged September 29, 18G4. 



Brevet Major Oeueral Riifus Saxtou 

Was one of the sons of Massachusetts whom the opening of the war 
found in active service in the United States Army. A native of 
Greenfield, graduating from the Military Academy in 1849 and 



UTN 



3IASSACH[TSETTS IN THE WAR. 



entering the Third Artillery as brevet second lieutenant, he served 
during that and the following year in the Florida war, after which 
he was for two years in Texas as acting assistant quartermaster. 
In 1853-4 he was chief quartermaster of the Northern Pacific ex- 
ploration and survey and commanded an expedition which starting 
from the mouth of the Columbia river crossed the continent by a 
route never before traversed by white men, and almost on the pres- 
ent line of the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 1859 he was assigned 
to West Point as assistant instructor in military tactics, and the 




'^ %^%}^'i(hf/^'i^-iy^f 



Brevet Maj. Gen. Ruius Saxton. 



spring of 1861 found him advanced to the regular rank of captain. 
At the first call for volunteers he served as major of a Missouri 
regiment and was appointed colonel, but w^as not allowed by the 
War Department to accept. He was quartermaster on the staff of 
General Lyon during the latter's Missouri campaign, and filled a like 
place on the staff of General McClellan during his West Virginia 
campaign. When in the fall of that year Senator Wilson organized 
the Twenty-second Massachusetts Regiment, Captain Saxton was 
offered the colonelcy, but the War Department again declined to 



GENERAL OFFICERS. !»7'.t 

allow of his acceptance He was chief quartermaster of General 
Sherman's expedition to Port Royal in the autunni of 1801, his ves- 
sels with supplies for a six-months' siege passing safely through a 
very severe storm off the North Carolina coast, and Captain Saxton 
receiving high praise from his superior officers for his efficient ser- 
vice. He was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers April 
15, 1862, and for a time held command at Harper's Ferry, receiving 
June 17 the thanks of the War Department for his defense of that 
place against General Jackson. He had already been assi.L'ned to 
duty in the Department of the South, where in July following he 
became Military Governor of the department, in which position he 
served with eminent ability till January , 1866. His duties were multi- 
tudinous and important. In addition to organizing the late slaves 
into military commands, both for labor and for active service as vol- 
unteer soldiers, schools for the freedmen were established, superin- 
tendents of plantations appointed, the ripe cotton was gathered from 
the abandoned estates and in succeeding seasons millions of dollars 
Avorth of crops were raised by the freedmen under his direction, 
while thousands of the blacks were employed in the army and navy 
of the United States. Of these the First South Carolina, com- 
manded by Colonel T. W. Higginson, was the first ex-slave regiment 
mustered into service. General Saxton's jurisdiction extended over 
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Under an order issued by 
General W. T. Sherman January 16, 1865, General Saxton settled 
40,000 freedmen on the islands south of Charleston, the abandoned 
rice fields along the rivers and in the country bordering St. Johns 
river in Florida. Under President Johnson, General Saxton was 
notified that it would relieve the government from an embarrassing 
position if he would quietly dispossess these colored people of the 
lands which had been bestowed upon them, that the former owners 
might again be put in possession. His high sense of honor revolted 
at the idea of thus breaking faith with the conliding and helpless 
blacks, and he declined without positive orders to do so. He was 
thereupon relieved of his command and on the loth of January, 
1866, was honoral)ly mustered out of the volunteer service, resum- 
ing his duties in the quartermaster's department of the regular 
line, where he has since remained. He received the brevet of major 
general of volunteers January 12, 1865, and of brigadier general 
in the regular army the 9th of April following. 



980 MASSACHUSErrS IN THE WAR. 

Brig^adier General Isaac F. Shepavd, 

A native of South Natick and a graduate of Harvard College, was 
for some years identified with the militia organizations in the city 
of Boston. He served in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1859, 
but the opening of the war found him in Missouri, where he be- 
came senior aide on the staff of General Nathaniel Lyon, whom he 
served faithfully and very acceptal)ly till the latter fell in battle in 
August, 1861. Captain Shepard was then commissioned colonel of 
the Third Missouri Regiment, succeeding Colonel Franz Sigel pro- 
moted, and led the organization in various military movements in 
that part of the country with marked ability. He was commissioned 
brigadier general of volunteers dating from the 27th of October, 
1863, but the commission expired on the 4th of July, 1864. He 
remained in Missouri, devoting himself to journalism and tilling 
various public oihces, being consul to China under four presidents. 
He then returned to Bellingham in his native state, where he died 
August 25, 1889. 

Brevet Brigadier General Thomas Slierwin, Jr., 

Of Dedham, a graduate of Harvard College in 1860, was com- 
missioned first lieutenant in the Twenty -second Massachusetts 
Regiment on the 1st of October, 1861, and was made adjutant 
before the regiment left for the field. On the death of Colonel 
Gove and the consequent promotions he was advanced to the 
rank of major dating from the 24th of June, 1862, and the 
resignation of Colonel Griswold the following autumn brought 
him the lieutenant colonelcy from the 27th of October. With 
the latter rank he rejoined the regiment soon after the battle 
of Antietam, having been wounded and captured at the battle 
of Gaines Mills and subsequently in Confederate prisons. He 
retained the rank of lieutenant colonel till mustered out with the 
regiment at the expiration of its term of service, October 16, 
1864; but during much of that time he w^as in command of the 
regiment and sometimes of the brigade, the last three months 
of his service being as inspector general on the staff of General 
Griflln, commanding the First Division, Fifth Corps. His brevet 
of brigadier general of volunteers dated from March 13, 1865, and 
he also received the brevet of colonel for gallantry at the battle 
of Peebles Farm. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



081 



Brevet Itrisradier (General Augustus B. R. Spra^iic 

Of Worcester was coiumissioncd captain of the Worcester City 
Guards, Company A, Third Battalion of Rifles, April 17, 1861, and 
in response to the Prcsiilent's first call for troops entered the mili- 
tary service of the United States on the 20th of April. Early in 
July the commander of the hattalion, Major Charles Devens, Jr., 
having been commissioned colonel of the Fifteenth Massachusetts 
Regiment, Captain Sprague as senior olTicer commanded the bat- 
talion till its muster out on the od of August. Identifying himself 




Brevet Rrig. Gbn. A. P>. R. Si-rague. 



at once with the organization of the Twenty -fifth Regiment, he 
was commissioned its lieutenant colonel on the 9th of September, 
and at his request a dozen of those who had served with him in the 
battalion were given commissions in the Twenty-fifth. With this 
regiment he served till November 11, 18(32, participating in its bat- 
tles and skirmishes and was ollicially reported for "bravery and 
efficiency" in the engagements at Roanoke Island and Newbern. 
He was then commissioned colonel of the Fifty-first Massachusetts, 
and by special request of General Foster, commanding the depart- 



!)82 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ment, Colonel Sprague with his new command returned to the North 
Carolina field. General Lee having moved north from Richmond, 
Colonel Sprague's regiment, with others, left Newbern June 24, 
1863, for Fortress Monroe, went to White House on the Pamunkey 
and thence back to Fortress Monroe for transportation to Massachu- 
setts, its term of service having expired. But on learning that 
General Lee's army was north of the Potomac, Colonel Sprague at 
once offered his regiment for further duty, serving from the 1st to 
the 17th of July at Baltimore, Maryland Hights, and with the Army 
of the Potomac. Within a month of the muster out of the Fifty- 
first Regiment, Colonel Sprague was requested by Governor Andrew 
to raise and command the Fifty-seventh Regiment, but family sick- 
ness prevented his acceptance of the offer. On the 1st of February, 
1804, he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Second Massa- 
chusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, serving in Virginia and North 
Carolina, commanding the regiment in its field service in the spring 
of 1865, and was discharged with it at Gallop's Island September 
20, 1865, previous to which he was commissioned by Governor An- 
drew colonel of the regiment. He served three years and nine 
months, and Congress gave him the brevet rank of brigadier general 
of volunteers, dating from March 13, 1865, " for gallant and meri- 
torious service durins; the war." 



Brevet Brigadier General Lntlier Stephenson, Jr., 

Of Hingham was identified with the state militia previous to the war 
and accompanied the Fourth Regiment during its three-months' ser- 
vice as captain of Company I. While on this service he made the 
first reconnaissance of the war in command of two companies, pre- 
vious to the battle of Big Bethel. He also served on the first court- 
martial convened in the volunteer service. Being mustered out July 
22, 1861, he soon set about the organization of a company for a 
longer term of service, and on the 14th of November was mustered 
as captain of Company A, First Battalion of j\Iassachusetts Infantry, 
his command becoming part of the garrison at Fort Warren. When 
the battalion was developed into the Thirty-second Regiment, Cap- 
tain Stephenson became major, dating from August 13, 1862, and 
on the 29th of December he was |)romoted to lieutenant colonel. 
During the early history of his regiment he often commanded it, as 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



9a3 



he did throusrh the caini)aigu under (ieueral Pope and the Chanccl- 
lorsville campaign; alter which, with the left wing of the regiment 
he for some time guarded the hridgc at Potomac Creek. At Gettys- 
burg, while in temporary command of the regiment, he was badly 
wounded by being shot 1h rough the face, fie was on duty again in 






I 




^■■ 



-^ 



Brevet Bkig. Gbn. Luthbr Stephenson, Tr. 



time for the 1864 campaign, and commanded the regiment from the 
opening of the battles before Spottsylvania to Petersburg, when 
having been twice slightly wounded and being troubled by his former 
wounds, he resigned on the 28th of June, 1864. He received the 
brevet of brigadier general of volunteers "for bravery and meri- 
torious conduct in the camj)aign against Richmond, Va.," dating 
from March 13, 1865. 



Brevet Briaradier General Hazard Steveus, 

The son of Major General Isaac 1. Stevens, was born in Rhode Island, 
and at the age of 12 accompanied his father on an expedition from 
the Pacific coast to the ^lissouri river for the making of treaties and 
exploration of the wilderness, the journey lasting some nine months 
and covering over 2,000 miles of horseback travel. On one occa- 



984 



MASSACHUSETTS IN TEE WAR. 



sion, sent on an emergency with dispatches to the Blackfeet Indians, 
accompanied only by an Indian guide, the youth traveled 150 miles 
in 30^ hours and successfully executed his mission. After three 
years of similar exciting experiences, he returned East and studied 
at Chauncy Hall School in Boston, entering Harvard College in 
1860. Leaving his Looks, he enlisted September 6, 1861, in the 
Sixty-ninth New York Regiment, then serving near Washington, of 
which his father had been commissioned colonel, and on the 19th 




Brevet Brig. Gen. Hazard Stevens. 



was made adjutant. A month later ho was promoted to captain and 
assistant adjutant general of volunteers, particijiating in the Hilton 
Head expedition and the subse(i[uent operations on the South Carolina 
coast. As assistant adjutant general of the First Division, Ninth 
Corps, he made the campaign under General Pope Ihe following 
summer, and at the battle of Chantilly, where his honored falher 
was killed, he was twice severely wounded. Recovering in time to 
share in the Fredericksburg battle on the staff of General Getty, he 
also participated in the siege of Suffolk, Ya., the following spring, 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



085 



winning especial commendation. After a futile attempt to raise a 
regiment of loyal Yiruinians, he returned to duty on the staff of 
General Getty, commanding the Second Division, Sixth Coi'ps, where 
he served through the Wilderness campaign and till the close of the 
war, participating in all the remarkable experiences of that organi- 
zation, lie was brcvetted lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier 
general of volunteers for gallant services in the campaign from the 
Wilderness to Petcrsl)urg, in the battles in the Shenandoah Valley, 
and at the capture of Petersburg respectively, the latter dating 
from April 2, 1865. 

Major General Isaac lujjalls Stevens, 
A native of North Andover and appointed from Massachusetts to 
the Military Academy, graduated July 1, 1839, at the head of his 







Maj. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens. 



class, and was commissioned second lieutenant of Engineers. He 
was engaged in various engineering duties on the New England 
coast previous to the Mexican war, in which he took an honorable 
part, being severely wounded in the capture of the city of Mexico 



986 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

and receiving the brevets of captain and major — his actual rank at 
the time being first lieutenant. He was engaged in various duties 
in New England, Georgia and at Washington till March 16, 1853, 
when he resigned from the army, being appointed governor of Wash- 
ington Territory and commissioner of Indian affairs, serving as such 
with much distinction from 1853 to 1857, and then for four years 
was delegate from that territory to the United States House of Rep- 
resentatives. At the outbreak of the rebellion he patriotically offered 
his sword in the cause of his country, and on the 10th of August 
assumed command of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment, whose 
first colonel had been killed at Bull Run. On the 28th of September 
he was commissioned brigadier general of vokmteers, and com- 
manded a brigade in the Port Royal expedition which sailed in Octo- 
ber. He rendered valuable service in the Department of the South, 
being in command of the Union troops engaged at Port Royal Ferry, 
S. C, on the 1st of January, 1862, and later of a division in the 
same department, taking part in the actions of Stono River and 
Secessionville, in June of the same year. He was commissioned 
major general of volunteers July 4, 1862, and in command of his 
division was transferred to Newport News, where he joined the 
Ninth Corps under General Reno, his troops composing the First 
Division. He shared actively in the campaign under General 
Pope, fighting gallantly at the battle of Manassas or the Second 
Bull Run, where his horse was killed under him. He withdrew his 
division from that disastrous field in perfect order, though with a 
loss of nearly half his command. The day following the battle he 
was placed in command of the rear guard of the army and took 
post between Bull Run and Centerville. On the 1st of September, 
hearing that a force of the enemy was threatening the flank of the 
army and the only route of retreat, he marched in that direction 
with his own division, closely followed by Reno's of the same corps, 
when he suddenly encountered the Confederate skirmishers. His 
own skirmish line was at once thrown forward, driving back that of 
the enemy and locating the position of their main force behind a 
rail fence in the edge of a thick wood.' General Stevens at once 
formed his division in column of assault and moved forward to the 
attack. Half the distance had been made when a terrible fire from 
the foe staggered the leading regiments. The general sprang for- 
ward on foot, grasped the flag of the Seventy-ninth New York Rcgi- 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 987 

ment, whose color sergeant was wounded, and liinisclf led the 
charge. His linos went forward hravely, threw down the obsti'uc- 
tion and routed the foe temporarily at that point ; hut as the fatal 
fence was reached, General Stevens was struck in the temple by a 
l)ullot and fell dead, still grasping the colors of his former regiment. 
Thus nobly died at the age of 44, while his country sadly needed 
his services, one of her bravest and ablest soldiers. 



Brevet Brigadier General Robert II. Stevenson 

Of Boston was the first major of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts 
Regiment, being commissioned September 2, 1861, and was ])ro- 
moted lieutenant colonel December 28, 1862, having been wounded at 
the battle of Newbern, N. C, March 14, 1862. His duty was such as 
naturally pertained to his command in the regiment till the 0th of 
July, 1863, when he was left in command of a detachment of four 
companies of the regiment on Seabrook Island, where they per- 
formed very severe and exhausting duty till the 21st, when they re- 
joined the regiment on Morris Island. Lieutenant Colonel Steven- 
son was then detailed on duty connected with the raising of troops 
by draft and otherwise, after which he returned to the regiment 
and served with it till the 31st of May, 1864, when he resigned his 
commission. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volun- 
teers from March 13, 1866. 



Brigadier General Thomas G. Stevenson 

Of Boston was in the winter of 1860-61 orderly sergeant of the Now 
England (iuards, a favorite militia company of Boston. Another 
company being formed to constitute a battalion under that name 
he was chosen captain of one company, and while the command was 
serving as garrison for Fort Indei)endence in Boston Harbor he was 
promoted major. The battalion being developed into the Twenty- 
fourth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers late in the summer of 
1861, he was commissioned colonel and took his regiment to North 
Carolina as a portion of the Burnside expedition. A few weeks after 
the battle of Newbern, in which he won commendation for his 
soldierly qualities. Colonel Stevenson was assigned to the command 
of a brigade in General Foster's division, which he ably held during 



988 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 



the remainder of the year, being commissioned brigadier general of 
volunteers December 26, 1862. He accompanied General Foster to 
South Carolina in January following, and commanded a brigade in 
the operations of 1863 against Charleston. He occupied Seabrook 
Island from the 28th of March to the 9th of July, when his troops 
were transferred to Morris Island. In April, 1864, he was relieved 
from duty with the Tenth Corps and reported to General Burnside 
at Annapolis, Ayhere he was placed in command of the First Divis- 
ion of the Ninth Corps. lie fought his division bravely at the bat- 




Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson. 



tie of the Wilderness, May 6, wlu^n it was under the direction of 
General Hancock, commanding the Union left, and moved with it to 
Spottsylvania. On the morning of the 10th of May his division was 
directed to make a reconnaissance from the Union left toward the 
Court House, which was most gallantly done, the lines of the 
Ninth Corps being established close to those of the Confederates 
on the Fredericksburg road ; but in doing so General Stevenson 
was killed by a musket shot. In his death an exceptionally brave, 
high-minded and capable officer was lost to the service. He was 
buried at Mount Auburn cemetery. 



GESERAL OFFICERS. 989 

Brigadier Genoral Charles P. Stone 

Was born at Greenlield and educated at tlie academies of Western 
Massachusetts, entering West Point in Isll and irraduating in due 
course. He remained tliei-e as aetinti: assistant professor of ethics 
till the Mexican war, in which he took part, receiving the brevets 
of first lieutenant and captain for gallant conduct at Molina del Rev 
and Chapultepec. From 1851 to 1856 he served on the Pacific coast 
as chief of ordnance, when he resigned but remained on the Pacific 
shore till 18G0. lie then came east and offered his services to the 
national government in February of the following yeai-, apprehend- 
ing the a])proaching outbreak. He Avas made captain in the regular 
army, organized and diilled the District of Columbia militia, dis- 
playing such ability that he was commissioned colonel of the Four- 
teenth United States Infantry dating from May 14, 18i>l, and three 
days later was made brigadier general. He commanded a brigade 
under General Banks till the 11th of August, when with six regi- 
ments, a battery of light artillery and a eom[)any of cavalry he was 
ordered to watch the Potomac from Great Falls to Point of Rocks, 
with head-quarters at Poolesville. It was a part of this force, or 
"Corps of Observation," as it was known, which fought the disas- 
trous battle of Ball's Bluff. He was arrested by order of the secre- 
tary of Avar on the 9th of February, 1862, and confined at Fort 
Lafayette, New York, till the following August, when without any 
explanation being given for his long and unjust confinement he 
was released. This great wrong to a brave and |)atriotic olficer was 
never explained to him or the public. No charges were ever pre- 
ferred against General Stone, nor was any attention given to his 
repeated demands for explanation and trial. He was not assigned 
to duty till the 9th of M;iv, 1863, when he was ordered to report to 
General Banks, commanding the De!»artment of the (Julf, where 
he served through the siege of Port Hudson, being later made chief 
of staff to General Banks and acting in that capacity till his com- 
mander was relieved after the Red River campaign, when he resigned, 
dating from the 4th of Ajjril, 1864. In 1869 he became chief of 
staff to the Khedive of Egypt, and served brilliantly as such for 13 
years, making a wonderful metamorphosis of the array of that coun- 
try, of which he was virtually commander. Returning then to his 
own country he lived near or at New York till his death in January, 
1887, at the age of 64, his remains being buried at West Point. 



990 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Major General George C. Strong 

Was a graduate of West Point Military Academy in the class of 
1867, having been appointed from Western Massachusetts, and was 
the author of " Cadet Life at West Point." At the opening of the 
war he was first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department of the 
United States Army. He served on the staff of General McDowell 
at Bull Run and of General Fremont late in the summer, and in 
September, 1861, was invited by General B. F. Butler, to become 
his chief of staff and assistant adjutant general, with the rank of 
major. This position he held till the spring of 1863, accompany- 
ing. General Butler to New Orleans, and with him returning to New 
York after the Department of the Gulf was turned over to General 
Banks. While in that department Major Strong commanded two 
expeditions into the interior with much success ; in one to Poncha- 
toula. La., September 15, 1862, he captured the head-quarters of the 
Confederate General Jeff Thompson, including his sword and spurs, 
the former presented to him by friends in Memphis. On the recom- 
mendation of General Butler, Strong was commissioned brigadier 
general of volunteers from November 29, 1862. Although broken 
in health, he found inaction unbearable, and applied for active duty, 
being assigned to command a brigade under General Gilmore in the 
operations against Charleston. Landing with his brigade on Morris 
Island July 10, he led a charge against Fort Wagner next morning, 
which was repulsed. In the desperate attack of the 18th the post 
of honor was again given to his brigade, and again he was found 
leading his troops gallantly to almost certain death. At the para- 
pet of the hostile works he received a severe wound in the thigh, 
was carried to the rear and sent to New York ; but his enfeebled 
condition proved fatal and on the 30th he died from lockjaw, and 
was buried in Greenwood Cemetery. Shortly before his death he was 
nominated by President Lincoln as major general of volunteers, dat- 
ing from July 18, 1863, in recognition of his heroism at Wagner. 



Major General Edwin Vose Sumner, 
Born in 1797 at Boston and educated at the Milton Academy, entered 
the United States Army as second lieutenant of infantry at the age of 
22. He served in the Black Hawk war in 1832 and was commissioned 
captain of dragoons the following year, serving on the frontier with 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



091 



distinction till 1838, lie was then made instructor in the cavalry 
school at Carlisle, Pa., but returned to active service in the Mexican 
war with the rank of major, and won much distinction as a cavalry 
commander. He was governor of the Territory of New Mexico from 
1851 to 1853, and later was engaged in Indian warfare, and was on 
duty in Kansas during the troubles of 1858. In March, 1861, having 
been promoted to brigadier general in the regular army, he Avas sent 
to relieve General Albert Sydnev Johnston in command of the De- 




\ 




Maj. Gen. Edwin V. Sumnur 



partment of the Pacific; but the opening of the war of the rebellion 
called for his return, and he was summoned to a more active field. 
During the winter of 1861-2 he was placed in command of a 
division of troops in the defenses of Washington, and in the organi- 
zation of the Army of the Potomac for the campaign of 1862 he 
was made commander of the Second Corps of three divisions. With 
two of his divisions he made a reconnaissance into Virginia in 
March, pressing the enemy back across the Rappahannock river. 
One division of his corps accompanied General McClellan to the 
Peninsula, and when early in April Sumner followed with the other 



992 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

divisions, he was given the command of the left wing of the army 
operating against Yorktown, comprising his own corps and the 
Fourth. When Yorktown was evacuated he commanded the troops 
which followed the retiring Confederates and fought the sanguinary 
battle of Williamsburg. His opportune arrival at the head of two 
divisions upon the battle-field of Fair Oaks in the afternoon of the 
31st of May turned the tide of battle in favor of the Union arms; 
and he was in command at the actions at Peach Orchard, Savage 
Station and Glendale, and a portion of his troops were engaged at 
Malvern Hill. His corps was moved to Centerville after the un- 
fortunate second battle of Bull Run, taking position between that 
place and Chantilly, but was not in action. On the advance of 
McClellan into Maryland General Sumner commanded the center of 
the army, compi-ising his own corps and the Twelfth under General 
Mansfield, and these organizations fought well and suffered terribly 
at Antietam. On the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac 
under General Burnside, Sumner commanded the right grand divis- 
ion, composed of the Second and Ninth Corps. With this he reached 
the Rappahannock opposite Fredericksburg on the 17th of Novem- 
ber, 1862, but as the ponton bridges for crossing the river had not 
arrived, and he was not allowed to ford the stream with his com- 
mand, there was no alternative but to wait — which he did for nearly 
four weeks before the preparations for the movement across the 
river were completed. His grand division was the one which led 
the crossing when the bridges were built on the 11th of December, 
and it bore the brunt of the ill-starred battle which ensued, suffer- 
ing a loss of 5,161. The valor displayed by officers and men was 
of the most heroic sort; but the result of the battle was so un- 
satisfactory and the feeling among prominent officers of the army so 
bitter that General Sumner asked to be relieved from his command. 
This was done by the President on the 25th of January, 1863, and 
on the 10th of March following he was assigned to command the 
Department of the Missouri, While on his way to his new post of 
duty he sickened, dying on the 21st of March, 1863, at Syracuse, 
N. Y,, at the age of 66. General Sumner received the rank of 
major general of volunteei's from July 4, 1862, and a brevet rank 
of the same grade in the regular army from May 31, 1862. He was 
twice wounded during the Seven Days' battles on the Peninsula, 
and again at Antietam, though not disabled. 



GESKHAL OFFWliliS. 993 

Brevet Brifjradier (veiieral Syhauus Thayer, 

A native of Bniintree, graduated at Darlniouth College in 1807, 
entered the Military Academy at West Point the following year, 
being ajypointed from his native state, and 11 montlis later graduated 
third in his class, being commissioned second lieutenant in the Cor[)S 
of p]ngineers February 23, 1808. During the war of 1812 he was 
engaged in various capacities and in nearly all the different fields of 
operation, and for two years after the close of that war was in Europe 
studying the matter of fortiTications. From 1817 to 1833 he was 
superintendent of the Military Academy, and at the close of his 
term there was for more than 20 years engaged in works of great 
interest to his native state, being superintending engineer of the con- 
struction of Forts Warren, Independence and Winthrop in Boston 
Harbor. This duty continued till 1843, after which he was for nine 
years engaged on the sea walls of the same harbor. At the close 
of this work he received leave of absence on account of ill health, 
and did not again resume active duty. He held the commission 
of lieutenant colonel of engineers from July 7, 1838, till the 3d of 
May, 1863, when he v.as commissioned colonel, was on the 31st 
brevetted brigadier general United States Army for long and faith- 
ful service, and on the 1st of June was retired from the active list, 
"having been borne on the army register more than 45 years." 
General Thayer died at South Braintree September 7, 1872. 



Brevet Brigadier General William S. Tiltoii 

Of Boston was a member of a mercantile firm at the outbreak of 
the war, and at once rclin(iuished bright business })rospects to serve 
his country, entering the Twenty-second Massachusetts at its forma- 
tion in September, 1861. as first lieutenant and adjutant, for which 
position he had been well qualitied by membcrshij) of the Indepen- 
dent Cadets of Boston and by diligent study of military text-books. 
At the completion of the regiment's organization, October 4, he was 
commissioned major, and served with that rank till the battle of 
Gaines Mill, June 27, 1862, where he was wounded and taken 
prisoner. After six weeks in Libby Prison he was paroled and came 
home. Upon newspaper intelligence of his exchange he rejoined 
his regiment and marched in command of it to the l)attle of Antie- 
tam, commanding also at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville: at 



<I94 



MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAli. 



the latter being the first on the field and the last to leave, his regi- 
ment leading the advance and forming the infantry rear guard. He 
had received the commission of colonel, dating from October 17, 
1862, and soon after Chancellorsville was put in command of the 
First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps, which he retained during 
the Gettysburg campaign and till the reorganization of the Army 
of the Potomac in the spring of 1864, when by the breaking up of 
the brigade he was temporarily returned to the command of the 




Brevet Brig. Gen. William S. Tilton. 



Twenty-second Regiment. This command was held till the 18th of 
June, when in the movement against the works before Petersburg 
Colonel Tilton was placed in command of a brigade of Griffin's 
First Division of the Fifth Corps. This brigade he commanded 
during the summer, having the advance at the movement of the 
corps against the Weldon Railroad and its capture, August 19, 1864. 
Early in October the term of service of the regiment expired, and 
Colonel Tilton returned with it to Massachusetts and was mustered 
out on the 17th. He had early in the campaign of 1864 been recom- 
mended by General Grant for commission as brigadier general, but 



G K\ KR A L () Fll ( :Eh' >'. 



0!)5 



the number of brigadiers allowed by law IxMUir iill»Ml lio could not 
be commissioned, consequently serving during almost half of his 
three years as a brigade commander with the pay and rank of a 
colonel. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from 
the 9th of September, 1864, and Avas most honorably earned. In 
September, 1869, General Tilton was appointed superintendent of 
the Soldiers' Home at Togus, Me., which ])osition he filled with great 
credit till his resignation in 1882. He died at his home in Xewton- 
ville, March 23, 1889. _ _ 

Brevet Major General Zealous H. Tower 

Was born in Cohasset, ]\[ass., January 12, 1819. After a three- 
years' course of studies at the English High School in Boston he 
was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point 




Brevet Maj. Gkn. 2. B. Tower. 



in 1837, was graduated at the head of his class July 1, 1841, and 
commissioned second lieutenant. Corps of Engineers. His first 
year's service was at Washington, P. C, the second as assistant 
professor of engineering, and thence till the war with Mexico he 
was engaged in the construction of the defenses of Hampton Roads, 



996 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

Va. In Mexico he served with much distinction, led General Riley's 
column of attack at Contreras, was wounded at the storming of 
Chapultepec, and with the commission of first lieutenant attained 
to the hrevet of major for gallant and meritorious services. Com- 
missioned captain July 1, 1855, he served till the opening of the 
rebellion in the construction of various harbor and sea-coast works, 
in travel abroad and on special duty in Washington. During the 
first year of the war, while stationed at Fort Pickens, Fla., he was 
promoted to major in the Corps of Engineers for his services as 
chief engineer of the defenses, received the brevet of lieutenant 
colonel, and dating from November 23, 1861, was commissioned 
brigadier general of volunteers. General Tower returned to Wash- 
ington in June, 1862, and was assigned to the command of the 
Second Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps, of the Army of 
Virginia under General Pope, and took part in the various engage- 
ments of the campaign which ended with the defeat of the Union 
arms at Manassas, August 30, 1862, where he was severely wounded. 
Owing to his wound he was absent on leave till June, 1864, and 
from July till September was superintendent of the Military 
Academy. From September 28, 1864, to June, 1865, he was chief 
engineer of the defenses at Nashville, serving on the staff of Gen- 
eral Thomas during the battle of December 15 and 16. At the 
same time he was acting as inspector general of fortifications of 
the Military Division of the Mississippi, and after the close of the 
war was a member of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications and 
Harbor and River Improvements from 1867 till 1880 when4ie was 
assigned as the president of the Board and served until January, 
1883, the date of his retirement from active service. For gallant and 
meritorious services he received brevets of brigadier general and 
major general in the United States Army from March 13, 1865, and 
of major general of volunteers from the 12th of June, 1865. He 
was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866, and on 
the 13th of January, 1874, was commissioned colonel of engineers 
in the regular line. 

Brevet Major General Edward D. Towusend, U. S. A., 

Was born at Boston, received his education at the Latin School of 
that city and at Harvard College, being a])pointed to the Military 
Academy at West Point which he entered July 1, 1833. Graduat- 



GEN i: HAL OFFfCEIiS. 097 

ing four years iule'r, lie was commissioned second lieutenant ol tlic 
Second United States Artillery ; and was appointed adjutant of the 
regiment in July, 1838, a position which he held for more than 
eight years with rank of first lieutenant. He was apjiointed hrevct 
ca{)tain and assistant adjutant general in August, 1840, and was ad- 
vanced to the full rank of cajjtain of artillery in April, 1848. He 
was promoted brevet major and assistant adjutant general in July, 
1852. For some years j)revious fo the outbreak of the war he was 
on duty in California and in the adjutant generars oflice of the War 
Department. In April, 1861, the then adjuiant general resigned and 
went south, which promoted Colonel Loren/.o Thomas from chief 
of staff for General Scott to be adjutant general of the army, and 
Major Townsend, being commissioned lieutenant colonel, took the 
place on General Scott's staff, being next in rank. He was com- 
missioned full colonel in August of that year, and < n the retirement 
of General Scott in November repo)'ted for duty to General AIc- 
Clellan and was again ordered to the adjutant general's ollice as 
chief assistant. In the spring of 180-3 General Thomas was ordered 
on detached duty, placing Colonel Townsend in charge of the office. 
This extremely responsible position he held to the close of the war. 
and thereafter till General Thonuis was retired, when on the 22d 
of February, 1869, he was commissioned hi-igadier general and form- 
ally appointed to the ofhce he had so long lilled. He was retired 
on the 1 ')th of June, 1880, being over 62 years of age and having 
served his country continuously for almost 47 years. He received 
the bi-evet of brigadier general in the regular army September 24, 
18()4, "for meritorious and faithful services during the war," and 
that of major general from March 13,1865, " for faithful, merito- 
rious and distinguished services in the adjutant general's depart- 
ment during the war." 

Brevet Major General Adin B. Uiulerwood, 

A graduate of Brown University and the Harvard Law School, was 
engaged in the practice of law in Boston at the outl)reak of the re- 
bellion. He at once gave his energies to the formation of the 
Second Regiment, in which he was commissioned captain and with 
which he served till July, 1862, when he was made major of the 
Thirty-third Regiment, then being organized, and went into service 
as its lieutenant colonel, being commissioned colonel A])ril 3, 1863. 



998 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. 

He led the regiment bravely at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and 
under Hooker at Wauhatchie, where he was very severely wounded, 
so that his life was despaired of. For his gallantry in this action 
he was at the request of General Hooker commissioned brigadier 
general, and on recovering sufficiently was made president of a 




\ 



1^ 



-rr, ^^^^^^^^V 



Brevet Maj. Gen. A. B. Underwood. 



military commission at Wasliington. Dating from the 13th of 
March, 1865, he was brevetted major general of volunteers, and on 
the 1st of September ensuing his resignation was accepted and he 
was appointed by the President surveyor in the Custom House at 
Boston, where he served for 21 years. He died at Boston, Janu- 
ary 14, 1888. 



Brevet Brigadier General Charles F. Walcott 

Of Boston was commissioned a captain in the Twenty-first Regiment 
on its organization, and served in that rank, much of the time dis- 
charging the duties of a field officer, from August 21, 1861, till 
April 23, 1863, when he resigned his commission. On the 16th 
of ^Iny, 1864, he was commissioned captain of the Twelfth Unat- 



GEN Eli AL O FEWER S. 



!»09 



tached liit'antrv Company of Cainl)ridgc (00 days), serving in that 
capacity from the 16th day of May to the 15th of August, 1864. 
On the formation of the Sixty-first Regiment Captain Walcott was 
given its command, being commissioned lieutenant colonel Septem- 
ber 22, 1864, and leaving the state for duty on the Tth of October 
with the first battalion of five companies, lie was made colonel 
November and commanded the regiment till the close of the war 
with much ability. For gallant conduct at the storming of Peters- 
burg, April 2, 1865, he received the brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers, dating from April 9. General "Walcott died suddenly 
June 12, 1887. _ __ 

Brevet Brigadier General Francis A. Walker 

Of North iJrookfield enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment, Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, and was mustei-cd as sergeant major of the regi- 




Bkbvbt Brig. Gem Francis A. W..i.kbr. 



ment August 1, 1861. He went into the field in that capacity, being 
subsequently commissioned second lieutenant of Company K, but 
was never mustered to that rank. He was instead commissioned 



1000 2IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

captain and assistant adjutant general on the 14th of Septeml)er, 
1861, and assigned to duty on (ho staff of General Darius N. Coucli, 
then commanding a brigade of the Army of the Potomac. He re- 
mained on General Couch's staff till the battle of Chancellorsville, 
when he was severely wounded, having been promoted major August 
11, 1862, and lieutenant C(donel January 1, 1863. Returning to 
duty at Second Cor])s head-quarters in August, 1863, he served under 
Generals Warren and Hancock for about a year, being taken prisoner 
by the Confederates at the battle of Reams Station, August 25, 
1864. On the 6th of October he was paroled from Libby Prison, 
being sick, and on the 12th of January, 1865, resigned his commis- 
sion on account of disabilities incurred in prison. Dating from the 
13th of March following, he was brevetted colonel " for gallantry 
and good conduct during the campaign of 1864," and 1)rigadier 
general of volunteers "for gallantry and good conduct and severe 
wounds at Chancellorsville."' 



Brevet Bris'adier General George Hull Ward 

Of Worcester was at the opening of the war a brigadier general of 
the Massachusetts Militia, — an accomplished and skillful officer. 
Being disappointed in the hope that his entire brigade might be 
called into service, he gave his fine energies to the work of recruit- 
ing the Fifteenth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, being in 
command of the camp at Worcester during the organization, and 
accejjting the commission of lieutenant colonel of the regiment July 
24, 1861. Acconi|)anying the I'cgiment to the field, and taking part 
in its first disastrous battle at Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861, ho suf- 
fered the loss of a leg. Returning to his home in January, he ap- 
plied for duty as soon as he had recovered sufficiently, and for 
nearly a year w^as in charge of recruiting camps at Worcester and 
elsewhere, rendering valuable service. Early in 1863, though still 
suffering from an imperfectly healed wound, he returned to the 
front and resumed command of the Fifteenth Regiment, of which 
he had been commissioned colonel on the promotion of Colonel 
Devens to a brigadiership April 29, 1862. On the march to Gettys- 
burg Colonel Ward was in command of the brigade to which his 
regiment was attached, but being relieved on reaching the field he 
returned to the Fifteenth and li'allantly led it forward to the Emmitts- 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 



1001 



l)urg road lu support (jf the imporilcd Third Corps, late in the 
afternoon of July 2, 1863. The disaster to that corps necessitating:- a 




liKEVE'i bKici. Gen. Geokge H Wakd. 



chan<rc in the jiosition of his rciiinient, he was in the act of movinsr it 
toward the rear when ho foil niorlally wounded, dyinji,' in a few hours. 
In reco<inition of his eminent worth he received the hrevet raid< of 
briiiadier general of volunteers datinii' from the dav of his death. 



Brovet Brij^adier General Liuiiis H. Warren 

Of Charlestown was a member of the Harvard Law 8cho 1 at the 
opening of the civil war, having graduated from Princeton CoUcge 
in 1860. On his graduation from the Law School he was admitted 
to the Bar of Massachusetts, hut feeling that Ins country demanded 
his services he enlisted in the summer of 1862 and before leaving 
the state was commissioned second lieutenant of Company 1, Thirty- 
second Massachusetts Regiment, dating from July 31. On the 14th 
of December following he was promoted to first lieutenant, and dur- 
ing the winter of 1863-4 served on court-martial as judge advocate. 
In ^larch following he was appointed major of the Thirty-eighth 



1002 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. 

United States Colored Troops, then being organized at Norfolk, Va., 
and later became lieutenant colonel of the same regiment. The 
command formed a part of the Eigliteenth Corps till the organiza- 
tion of the Twenty-fifth, composed exclusively of colored troops, 
when it went into the new corps. It had part in the operations 
against Petersburg and Richmond, and was among the first troops 
to enter the latter city at its fall, being probably the first colored 
re'giment to do so. Colonel Warren was often in command of the 
brigade, and was brevetted brigadier general from March 13, 1865. 
In command of the regiment General Warren accompanied General 
Sheridan to Texas to watch the operations of Maximilian and the 
French in Mexico, being stationed at Brownsville, Brazos Santiago 
and Indianola, most of the time in command of the brigade, and in the 
fall of 1866 commandant of the district of Indianola and San 
Antonio. He was mustered out of the volunteer service February 
22, 1867, but had previously been appointed first lieutenant and 
afterward captain in the Thirty-ninth United States Infantry, though 
he never served with the regiment. He wa§ aide and inspector on 
the staff of Major General Robert C. Buchanan, commanding the 
Department of Louisiana and Texas, and served with him during 
the reconstruction period, 1867-9, and in that capacity was called 
upon to depose the military mayor of New Orleans in 1868 and in- 
stalled the mayor elected under the new constitution of the state. 
He was also adjutant general of the Freedman's Bureau of that state. 
He resigned his commission December 31, 1870, having been bre- 
vetted lieutenant colonel in the regular service, and removed to Phila- 
delphia, where he entered upon the practice of his ])rofession. 



Brevet Brigadier General Francis Washburn 

Of Lancaster left his studies in Germany upon hearing of the civil 
war in his own country, and returned to offer his services in any 
manner in which they might be required. His first posiiion was 
that of second lieutenant in the Fir^t Massachusetts Cavalry, which 
he accepted on the organization of the command, winning steady 
and highly honorable advancement. This commission dated from 
December 26, 1861. He was promoted to first lieutenant on the 7th 
of March following, and at the formation of the Second Regiment 
of Cavalry he was on the 26th of January, 1863, made one of the 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 1003 

original captains of that CDinniand. After a year's service in that; 
regiment he received the commission of lieutenant colonel in tli(3 
Fourth Cavalry, accompanied that organization into the (ield and 
, served with distinction. On the resignation of Cohjnel Rand he was 
advanced to the vacancy February 4, 1865. On the retreat of the 
Confederate army under General Lee from Petersljurg, Colonel 
Washburn with three companies of his regiment accompanied the 
head-quarters of the Army of the James to Burkesville, reaching 
there on the night of April 5. Next morning with two infantry 
regiments he was sent to High Bridge, over which it was feared the 
enemy might escape, and in the desperate fight which ensued witli 
a vastly superior force of the enemy, Colonel Washburn, while gal- 
lantly leading his handful of cavali-y to a fresh charge after having 
twice broken through the opposing lines, was shot in the heatl while 
engaged in a sword light with a Confederate officer. After having 
fallen from his horse he was struck in the head with a sal)er, and 
remained in the hands of the enemy, who held him a prisoner for 
two days, giving no care to his wounds. After the surrender of 
Lee he received every attention that surgical skill could bestow, but 
died from his wounds on the 22d. As a trilling mark of appreeia. 
tion of his gallant conduct, he was brevetted brigadier general to 
date from tlie dav of bis last mau'uificent light. 



Brevet Brigadier General Ansel D. Wass 

Of Boston left the counting-room at the first call for volunteers and 
went to the front as first lieutenant of Company K, Sixth Regi- 
ment, in April, 1861. Returning at the close of the three-months' 
service of that command, he was immediately commissioned cajjtain 
of the "-Tiger Fire Zouaves," Company K, Nineteenth Regiment, on 
the 22d of August, 1861, holding the command till July 1, 1862. 
when he was promoted to major, but on the 6th of September was 
made lieutenant colonel of the Forty-first Regiment — afterward the 
Third Cavalry. Accom))anying that regiment to Louisiana, he 
served with it till the 31st of January, 1863, when he resigned, and 
wris on the 23d of May commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 
Nineteenth. He was wounded at the battle of (iettysburg, where 
the regiment distinguished itself, and again at Bristoe Station, Octo- 
ber 14 following, where he was in command of the brigade. He 



1004 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE ]VAR. 

was made colonel of the regiment from February 28, 1864, and held 
that commission till the Nineteenth were mustered out at the ex- 
piration of the term of service, July 28, 1864. Within a week he 
was made colonel of the Sixtieth Regiment, then being enlisted for 
100 days; and with his new command reported to Washington early 
in August, being stationed at Indianapolis, Ind., during the term of 
enlistnlent. As the regiment was about to return to Massachusetts 
it received from Governor Morton the hearty thanks of the state of 
Indiana for its service, with the eulogistic compliments of that ex- 
ecutive. It was as colonel of the Sixtieth that General Wass received 
his brevet rank, dating from March 13, 1865. Although suffering 
in health from his long service, General Wass would not sheathe 
his sword so long as his country demanded his further efforts, and 
on the 2d of March, 1865, he was commissioned colonel of the Sixty- 
second Regiment, then being recruited. Before the command was 
filled, however, or had been mustered, the collapse of the rebellion 
removed the necessity for its organization, and the companies which 
had been enlisted were dismissed. After some months spent in re- 
gaining his broken health. General Wass entered the Boston Custom 
House, where he remained till 1878, when he became a confirmed in- 
valid. He died at his home in Boston on the 24tli of Januarv. 1889. 



Brevet Brigadier Geueral Stephen Minot Weld, Jr., 

Of West Roxbury began his service as volunteer aide-de-camp on 
the staff of General Horatio G. Wright, commanding a brigade 
in the Port Royal ex})edition, which sailed from Annapolis late in 
October, 1861. Returning north during the following winter he was 
commissioned second lieutenant in the Eighteenth Massachusetts 
Volunteers January 24, 1862, and was assigned to duty on the staff 
of General Fitz John Porter. He served in that capacity with dis- 
tinction, winning complimentary mention froni General Porter for 
gallantry and ability during the siege of Yorktown nnd ;it the bat- 
tle of Gaines Mill. Near the close of the latter action, June 27, 
1862, Lieutenant Weld was cajttuied and taken to Libby Prison at 
Richmond, where he remained for six weeks, when he was ex- 
changed and rejoined General Porter at Harrison's Landing. His 
staff duty with that officer continued duiing the campaign under 
General Pope and that of Antietam under General McClellan. On 



i 



GENERAL OFFICERS. MC 

the 24th of October he was conimissioued first lieutenant and served 
on the staff of General IJcnham till after the battle of Chan- 
cellorsville. At Gettysburg he was on the stafl' of General Rey- 
nolds, commanding the First Corps, and after that ollicer's death 
he served his successor, General John Newton, in the same capacity. 
He had been promoted to the rank of captain, dating from the 4th 
of May, 1863, and on the 22d of July was commissioned lieuteniint 
colonel of the Fifty-sixth Massachusetts (First Veteran) Regiment, 
the organization of which had been begun. With that rank he went 
to the front in the sirring of 1864, and the killing of his superioi-. 
Colonel Griswold, at the battle of the Wilderness devolved upon 
him the command of the regiment, of which he was commissioned 
colonel, dating from that time. Colonel Weld w^as in command of 
the brigade during the action before Petersburg on the 17th of June, 
and in the disastrous battle of the Crater, July 30, with a scoi-e of 
his men, he was for the second time made a j)risoner, being sent to 
Columbia, S. C. He was held there till the 15th of December, when 
he was paroled, and on the 31st of I\Iarch, 1865, he was regularly 
exchanged, rejoining his regiment before Petersburg on the 4th of 
April. He served with it till the command was mustered out, July 
12, 1865, receiving at the age of 23 the brevet of brigadier general 
of volunteers, dating from the 13th of March, 1865. 



Brevet Brigadier General George I). Wells 

Of Boston entered the service as lieutenant colonel of the First Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment at its formation, in which position he served 
with distinguished ability and gallantry, sharing the fortunes of that 
regiment till the close of the Peninsular campaign. He was in 
conunand of the Union skirmish line at the battle of Blackburn's 
Ford, and subsequently in Ihe presence of Colonel Cowdin was in 
command of the regiment. He was commissioned colonel of the 
Thirty-fourth Massachusetts July 11, 1862, and led that regiment 
into the field ; but though retaining his commission as its colonel 
he was really in immediate command of the regiment but little. On 
the 9th of Septembin- he took command of the brigade to which his 
regiment was assigned, and a few days later was })laced in command 
of Fort Lyon. There he remained till the following January, when 
he returned to the command of the Thirty -fourth. l)ut in July the 



1000 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

regiment was ordered to Harper's Ferry when he again became acting 
brigadier, and till the following spring he was variously engaged in 
court-martial duty or the command of some post or brigade, frequent 
changes being made in the forces in that vicinity at that time. In 
the December expedition up the Valley in co-operation with Averell's 
cavalry, Colonel Wells commanded the column. Near the last of 
April, 1864, he returned temporarily to the regiment and commanded 
it in the severe fight at New Market the following month and at 
Piedmont in June, soon after which he was made commander of 
the First Brigade, First Division of the Army of West Virginia, 
of which his regiment became part. In this capacity Colonel 
Wells served till his death, through the Lynchburg expedition under 
Hunter and the desperate retreat by way of the Kanawha valley, in 
the battles of Snicker's Ferry, the Opequan and Fisher's Hill. On 
the 13th of October, in the affair variously known as the battle of 
Tom's Brook, Stickney Farm and Cedar Creek, he was mortally 
wounded and fell into the hands of the enemy, dying before he 
could be conveyed from the field. His body was sent within the 
Union lines the following day under a flag of truce. His brevet of 
brigadier general of volunteers reached camp after his death, bear- 
ing date October 12, 1864. 



Major General Amiel W. Whipple, 

Born at Greenwich and appointed from. Massachusetts to the Mili- 
tary Academy at West Point, graduated in the class of 1841 and 
was commissioned second lieutenant of the First Artillery, but later 
in the year was transferred to the Topographical Engineers, with 
which branch of the service he was engaged in the survey of the 
boundary line between the United States and the British possessions 
from 1844 to 1847, and that with Mexico during the five years fol- 
lowing. He was in command of the party engaged 1853-5 in the 
exploration for a railroad route from the Mississippi river to the 
Pacific Ocean, and was the author of the report of the survey. 
Having risen to the rank of captain, he served principally in and 
about Florida till the war broke out, when he was at his own re- 
quest transferred to the defenses of Washington and was appointed 
chief topographical engineer on the staff of General McDowell, 
serving with the Army of the Potomac in the Bull Run campaign, 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 1(X»7 

and in the battle was noticeable for coolness, intrepidity and darint^. 
lie was then attached to the staff of General MeClellan, but after 
the opening of the Peninsnlar campaiirn was appointed a brigadier 
general of volunteers, recalled and assigned to the defenses of 
Washington south of the Potomac, his command extending from 
Fort Lyon near Alexandria to Forts Ethan Allen and Marcy near 
Chain Bridge. On the 10th of October, 1862, he took the field at 
the head of the Third Division. Third Corps, which he ably com- 




Maj. Gen. Amiel W. Whij-i'Le. 

manded in the movement into Virginia and along the base of the 
lUue Ridge, in the operations against the retiring Confederate Army 
of Northern Virginia, as well as in the Fredericksburg and Chan- 
cellorsville camj)aigns and l)attles. At the latter, on the 3d 
of May, 1863, while gallantly fighting his division, he was mortally 
wounded and taken to Washington, where he died on the 7th, at 
the age of 46. He was commissioned major general of volunteers 
from the 6th, and also received the brevet of colonel in the regular 
line for gallant and meritorious services at Fredericksl)urg, fol- 
lowed by those of brigadier general and major general. United 



1008 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

States Army, fur like services at the battle of Chancellorsville 
and during the rebellion. In his death the nation lost an able, 
conscientious and accomplished officer, and Massachusetts an 
honored son. .__ 

Brevet Brigadier General Charles A. Whittier 

Of Boston, a graduate of Harvard University, was commissioned 
second lieutenant of Company A, Twentieth Regiment Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, at its organization, took part in the battle of Ball's 
Bluff as such, and was advanced to first lieutenant on the 26th of 
November following. Serving through the Peninsular campaign 
with his regiment, he was about the 1st of September, 1862, at- 
tached to the staff of General John Sedgwick, then commanding a 
division of the Second Army Corps, and served with that officer 
till his death at Spottsylvania, May 9, 1864, being at his side when 
the fatal wound was received. He continued on the staff of Sedg- 
wick's successor, General H. G. Wright, and after the close of the 
war accompanied General Halleck to San Francisco, where he was 
special inspector of the military division of the Pacific from Septem- 
ber, 1865, to June, 1869. Afterward he served for a short time in 
the division of the South, resigning on the 8th of August, 1870, 
after having served his country for nine years and one month. He 
was promoted to captain November 12, 1862; in the early part of 
1865 was advanced to major and lieutenant colonel of volunteers 
(assistant adjutant general), and the brevet of brigadier general of 
volunteers was conferred dating from the 9th of April of that year. 



Brigadier General Edward A. Wild 

Of Brookline was a graduate of Harvard College and a physician by 
profession, having served as such in the Crimean war. He entered 
the service as captain of Company A, First Massachusetts Regiment, 
serving efficiently in that capacity till the summer of 1862 and re- 
ceiving a severe wound in the arm in one of the battles on the Pen- 
insula. While recovering he was comnaissioned major of the 
Thirty-second Regiment with which he did not serve, however, being 
placed in command of Camp Stanton at Lynnfield, where the final 
companies of that regiment with other troops rendezvoused, and on 
the organization of the Thirty-fifth Regiment he was made its 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 1009 

colonel, Au,i::iist 11, 18G2. Leading his ri'«:im('nt at once into the 
Held, he received a wound at the battle of South Mountain, Septem- 
ber 14, which necessitated the amputation of his left arm and in- 
capacitated him for some time from active service in the Held. On 
the 24tli of April, 18G3, he was commissioned briuadier general of 
volunteers, and proceeding to North Carolina set about the organiza- 
tion of a brigade of colored troojjs, — a line of work to which he de- 
voted himself with great earnestness. During the summer he went 
with his Ijrigade to the South Carolina islands and engacrcd in the 



^■- /^% 




Brig. Gen. Edward A. Wild. 

siege operations against Fort Wagner. Pic did not long remain, but 
leaving his soldiers there returned with his staff to North Carolina 
and raised more negro troops. In the early jjart of the year 1864 
he was for three months or more in command of the district of 
Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va., his duties embracing the civil gov- 
ernment of the two cities. He had previously been in command of 
all the colored troops being gathered in that district, and when the 
s]»ring campaign opened was placed in charge of Fort Powhatan 
and Wilson's Wharf, commanding the colored troops forming the 
Union forces at the l)attle at the latter place, May 24. He after- 



1010 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 

ward took part in the operations against Petersburg, and when the 
Twenty-fifth Corps was formed, composed entirely of colored troops, 
about the first of December, 1864, he was for a time in command 
of the First Division. Later in the month, with a body of white 
troops taken from the North Carolina defenses, he made an expedi- 
tion from Albemarle Sound up the Roanoke river; after which he 
again commanded the division till relieved by General Kautz, some 
two months later, when he resumed command of the First Brigade. 
After the fall of Richmond the brigade was moved to Petersburg 
and from there was soon dispersed. General Wild went into the 
Freedman's Bureau, having charge of Georgia under General Sax- 
ton, and after several months spent thus he was mustered out 
January 15, 1866. 

Brevet Brigadier General Robert Williams 

Of Virginia was at the opening of the war a first lieutenant in the 
regular army, and during the ensuing summer was promoted to 
captain, serving as assistant adjutant general. Being an accom- 
plished cavalry officer, he was commissioned colonel of the First 
Massachusetts Cavalry, October 7, 1861, which command he retained 
until late the following October, serving in the Department of the 
South till August, 1862, and commanding one or mere of the ex- 
peditions which moved against the enemy in that vicinity during the 
time. He then joined the Army of the Potomac with portions of 
two battalions of his regiment, and accompanied it during the An- 
tietam campaign. He had meantime been promoted to major in 
the regular service, and October 29, 1862, returned to duty there as 
assistant adjutant general, in which line of service he remained till 
after the close of the war. He received the brevet of brigadier gen- 
eral in the United States Armv to date from March 13, 1865. 



NDEX 



BATTLES, ETC. 

Altlio, r-IO. Gettysbiirtr. 100. KT.. 170. l'.«. 200. 213, 229, 243, 
Alexaiulria. La.. 771. 2.58, 2C0, 2ri8, 301, 319, SW, 120. In;, .500, .500. 812, 

Antii-t:uii. 12V. 225, 2:39, 2.50, 208, 310, a37, -IC:! KW, 804. 

410. .")-".!. S28, 803. Cileiulale, 105, 25.5. 2CC, 297, 315. 

AriMWiield Church. 36G, 3S0, 411. Gluhe Tavern. 728. 

Arthur's Swamp, 752. Goklshoro, 140. 1.53. 270. 387, 407, Ii2(i. (W'.t. 

Aslilaiid. 750. Gum Swainp. 1,55. 409. 040. 

Atlanta, 130. Ilaiinver Court House, 191. 

Avi-rvHboro. i;i3. .505. Hatcher's Kun. 218. 308, 523, 573. 81'.i. 

BairA lUulT. 30. 110. 221, 252, 2»1, 312. IleiKKTsou's Hill, 770. 

Batihelth'r's ertek, 278. Hitrh Briilfre. 779. 

l^atoii I{out,'c. 4.5.5. 792, 803, 818. Hdiicv Hill. 079. 688. 

Battory tiretrn. 523. , Huiluofs I'lantation, 474. 

liavlur".'! Farm. 782. * .lacksdii. .549. 

Bcichor's Mills, 752. .Tac-kson Cross Koads, 021. 

BciitoMvillo. !:■«. 505. . James Tshmd. OSO. 

Bt ilnsda ( huri-h, 233, 343, a50, 447, 694, 814, a53. Keinsaw ."Mountain. ,504. 

Beverlv Ford. 499, 740. Kinstou. 139. 1.52. 27(i. ;i8(i, 6:i5. 

Biir Bethel. 144. Kiioxville, siofje. 311. 441. .502. 536. 

Blaekburn's Ford, 101. Koek's Plantation. 458. (>49, 053. 

Blackwater. WtS. 823. La ?'ourehe Crossing, 390. 

Blount '.s Creek. 140, 277. Laurel Hill, 179, 195, 204, 233, 240, 290, 350, 489, 
lilue Sprimrs. 444. ,5.50. .594, 800. 

Bovdtown riank Koad, 217, 308, 702, 841. Loeust (irove. 213, 270. 

Bovkin's :Mills. OSO. Lvnehhurfr. 516. 

Bri'stoe's Station. 100. 200. 302. 865. Malvern Hill. 105, 192. 199, 25.5, .3.50, 752, 810. 

Bull l^m, 101. 150, 160, 190. 209. M:irve's Hiirhts. 175, 201. 

Cane Kiver. 583. Miclianies\ille. 191. 

Carrion Crow Bayou, 794. Mine Run. 110. 178, 194. 213, 2.'», 201, 321, 428, TM. 

Carsville, 105. Missionarv Kidjre. 502. 

Cedar Creek. 400, 402, .521, 580, 703, 773. Mobile, siege, 477. 790, 807, 825. 857. 

Cedar Mountain, 120, 22;;. Mount .laekson. 118. 
Ch.ineellorsville, 108. 123. 105. 193. 212. 228. 241. Mount /.ion Cluweh. 701. 

208. 287. 319. 42.5, 4K5. 4!'9. 707 Kewbern. 331. 301. .373. 405. 

Cliantillv. KlO. 121. .334. 422. New Hope Church, 129, 748. 

Charlrs ( itv Cross Hoads. 787. New Market. 513, 
Cold Hai lior. 180. 205. 21.5. 202. 305. .323. 308. 390. Newtown. 118. 

414. 430. 4911. 5.58. .570. (WO. 707. 712. 727. 839. North .\nna. 195, 215. 243. 247. 305, :K '., .YjO, 489. 
DabiK'V's >nils, 493, 600. .5:iS. .5.57, .59.5. 094, 700. 712, 839. 

Dallas. .504. Oak Grove, 104. 210, 206, 296, 

Deserted House, 104. Olustee, 008. 677. 

Dinwiddle Court House. 4^3, 705. Opetman. H'M. 401, 519, 572, 585, 772. 

Dr.'wrv's Bluff. 307, 379, 390, 412, 609. Peach 'lYee Creek. 130. 

Dun.au's Bun. 728. Peebles Farm. 292. 345. 491, 5-10, 095, 702, 713. 

Dunn's Farm. 3S9. 411. Pegrram Farm. .5(». 

Fair Daks. 171. 199. 254, 315. Petersburir. 205. 21.5. 2.34, 344. .3.57. 311. 41.5. 4.31. 
Fisher's Hill. 402. 520. 447. 4'.H). 5.59. .574. .597. 010. 6!M. 700. 70S-9, 712, 

Five Forks. 765. 720, 727. 800, K31. 839, !M5, 853. 

Fort r.island. 146, 470. 570. 009. Piedmotit, 515. 

Fort stedman. 449, 703, 714. 846,' 854. Plains Store. 4.57, 647. C52. 

Fort Stevens. 859. Plvnunith. 139. 

Fort Waii-ner. 5.5. 377, 67.5. I'(".ole.sville. 745. 
Fre.leiieksburs:, 107. 174. 103. 201. 212, 220. 240. Pojilar Spring Church, 709. 

257, 2iW. 280, 299. 317, 338, 352, -124, 441, 484, .531. Port Hudson, siege. 45,'-. 470. 580. 64S .52, (CiO, 

.515. 5(!5. 787. StPJ. Oiv.. (i7(). 792. K)5. 819, 850. 

Frout Boval. 118. Port Walthall. aS9. 

Gain s Mill. 19-..'. 349, 438, 798, 810. Uappahannook Station, 177, 303, 289, »>;. 

Gainsville, 007, 778. Uawles Mills. (Bl. 

Galvesti>n, 618. Bi>ams station, tiff!, 324. !32. 840. 



1U12 



INDEX. 



Resaca. 129, 503. 

Kipoii. 511. 

I{oaiK>ke Island, 30, 330, 301, S7-2, .384, 404. 

Rofkville, 761. 

.Sabine Cross Roads, 473, 770, 794. 

Sailor's Creek, 574. 

Salem Church. 124. 175, 201, 566. 

Savage's Station. lO."). 315, 438. 

Secessionvillc. 420. ()74. * 

Second Bull Run, 100, 121, 193, 211, 224, 2.38, 207, 

284, 334, 422. 
Shady Grove Church, 291. 
Shepherdstown, 285. 
Snicker's Gap, 745. 
Snicker's Ferry, 517. 
South Mountain, 224, 528, 828. 
Southv^rest Creek, 370, 418. 
Spottsvlvania, 112, 179, 195, 204, 215, 232, 202, 271, 

304, 322, 343, 430, 537, 550, 569, 694, 099, 712, 72(;, 

853, 807. 
etravv'ben-y Plains, 380, 4.32. 
Summit Point, 572. 
The Angle, 112, 204, 215, 429, 5G9. 



Thp Crater, .344, 448, 539, 695, 701, 708, 713. 

Todd's Tavern. 240. 750. 

Tom"s Brook, .521. 763. 

Totoputomy, 272, 490, 853. 

Trauter's C'reek, 374. 

Vickslnirg, siege, 443, 455, 534, 548, 791, 818. 

Wanhatchie, 501. 

W;iviicsli(u-o. 702. 

Wfldon l;;iih-oad, 262,292, 345,4.31, 491, 539, .597, 

095, 702, 727, 801. 
Whitehall, 139. 152. 276, 363, 631, 635. 
White Oak Road, 001. 
White Oak Swamp, 438. 
WUderness, 111, 179, 194, 203, 214, 231, »16, 262, 

271, 289, .303, 322, 342, 355, 429, 488. 554, 568. 59.3, 

693, 099, 700, 711. 800. 838. 
WiUiamstaurg. 103, 170, 198, 210. 
AVinchester, 118. 
Wise's Forks. 279, 392. 
Yellow Bayou, 474, 771. 
Yellow Tavern, 7.50. 
Yorktown. siege, 103, 198, 210, 254, 283, 296, 314, 



SUBJECTS. 



Agencies, 22, 29, 36. 

Allotment system, 37. 

Andrew Sharp-shooters, 862. 

Annapolis. Md., 183. 

Austrian rifles, 139, 185. 

Baltimore riot, 9, 19, 32, 159, 182. 

Banking houses, 17. 

" Banks scare," 47, 118. 

Barefoot soldiers, 222, 363, 507, 728. 

Blain's Cross Roads. 445, 536,|552. 

Boston Harbor. 18, 21, 23, 62. 

Bounty, 70, 74, 672, 821. 

Burn side expedition, 30. 

Calls fur troops, 7,^25, 27, 4&-9, 68-9, 72. 

Celebrations, 5. 

Chambersbm-g burnt, 461, 518. 

CharlestowTi navy-yard, 16, 82. 

Christian Commission, 70. 

Coast defense. 22, 40-7, 62,',74. 

Colored soldiers, 15, 52, 56,;75, 672. 

Corcoran Legion, 216. 

Darien Inirnt, 074. 

Deposit of flags. S3. 

Desertions, 131, 700, 1 848, 851. 

Dipk)matic service, 94. 

Draft, 05. 

Draft riots, 66, 110, 127, 567, 033, 8^1. 

Educating the blacks, 60. 

Elections: 1860, 1 ; 1861, 45 ; 1862, 51 ; 1803, 70 ; 

1804, 79 ; 1805, 83. 
Emancipation, 44, 52, .59, 79. 
Enfield rifles, 23, 543, .577, 083. 
Examining board, 29. 
Excelsior brigade. 214. 
Fu-st to arrive, 8, 31, 142-3, 157, K,l, 181, .348. .394. 

481, 690, 861. 
Foreigners, 75, 403, 540. 
Fort McIIenrv. 801. 
Fort Smnter, 378, 684. 
Freedmen, 59. 
Gettysburg cemetery, 72. 
Gosport navy-yai'd. 1.37. 
(Jovernors appealed to, 4. 
Governor's messages, 11, 45, 71, 79, 83. 
Gum Swamp. 388, 408. 
Harvard students. 31. 
Hattcras Inlet. 329. 360. 372, 384, 403, 466. 
Hospital t;are, 23, 36, 50, 70, 
Iri.sh regiments, 20, 31, 189, 419, 424. 438, 645. 
Legislative measures, 6, 12, 40, 63, 71-2. 



Legislature, special sessions, 11, 71. 

Lincoln, death of. 81. 

Lousiana Tigers, 500. 

Loyalty, expressions of, 16, 43, 50, 78. 

Maine, action of, 4. 

March to the sea, 131, 504. 

]\larvland. action of. 32. 46. 

Mason and Slidell. 35. 480. 

Masonic lodge, 116, 3.55. 

Militia, 4, 6, 8, 27. 49, 73, 138, 144, 219. 

Mounted rifles, 615. 767. 

Mozart regiment, 31. 39, 82. 

Na\ al enlistments, 32, 49, 08. 

New Etm'land, department of, 41. 

New England Guards, 18, 30, 371. 

New Orleans expedition, 40, 394. 

North Carolina expedition, 40, 47. 

Nm-ses, 70. 

Organizations sent, 81, 

Palmetto Shari)-sliooters, 341. 

Peace commission, 3. 

" People's " party, .50. 

Petition to Congress, 3, 

Political conventions, 43, 50, 69, 78. 

Potomac, blockade of. 102. 

Prisoners of war, 35, 78, 150, 480. 595, 002, 709, 

723, 729, 732, 747. 
QuantrcH's band. 771. 
Recruiting- stopped, 47. 
Red i;i\cr campaign, 472. 
Re-enllstmcnts, (is. 
Regimental liands, 20. 
Richmond, fall of. 01, 80, 135. 
Sabine Pass exjiedition. 4.58. 
Sanitary Commission. 20, 76-7. 
Savannah, 132, .505, .587. 
Secret plotters. 717. 
Slave aiU'tion, .533. 
Soldiers' (aniilics. 14, 19, 37,56. 
South Carolina's secession, 1. 
Spencer rifles, 571-2. 
Springfield armory, 22, 82. 
Suffolk, Va., 164, 605. 
Sumter, fall of, 7, 
Surrender of Lee, 81. 
Tarboro expedition. 386, 407. 
Tarl^oro expcHlituni. 802, 867'. 
Texan expedition, 397. 458. 
Thanksgiving dinners. 76, 102, 110, 131, 483, 565. 
Treason, ai'rests for, 18. 



INDEX. 



nn:\ 



Union Coast Onanl. 31. 

liiitfil Statrs. relations with, 21, 38, 40, i". 

Vi'tt'i-an n iriincnts. G8, 092. 

War c'xijcnsi's, 7'J, 82. 



Wa-sliinirton. .\. i ., ir>4, 278, 374, 4()8, <»,'. 
Wwipon.x, 21-2. 329. .'571. 8C2. K(J7. 
Yellow fevir, 41(j, 7:i2. 



TROOPS OF OTHER STATES. 



Connecticut : 1st H. A., 510 ; 5th, 115. 135. 238; 

(ith, (i 75 : 7th, 420 ; 0th. 304. 390. 454, 702 ; 10th, 

185, 3(50, 872, 403. CS). (17(; : lUli. a'W. :W8; 12t.h. 

454,810; i:jtli. 772; l.Mh, 417 ; lSrh,5Ifl; lOth, 

510 : 20th, 505 ; 21st, 5;i0, (509 ; 22a, 004 ; 24th, 

(-.14. mi. 
Delaware: 1st, 2C5. 
Illiiioi!*: 2d cav., 472, 477, 769; 8th cav., 859: 

12tlM'av., 757. 
Indiana: 11th. 772; 12th, 11.5. 110, ' 220, 237 : 

13rh. 1(12; 10th. 11.5. llii, 221. 237: 20th, 2(i5 : 

21st, 394, 454, 408, 817 ; 37th, 117, 120, 125-C. 
Iowa: 22d, 772. 
Louisiana: 1st cav., 477; 2d, 457, 650; Isteng., 

020, 819 ; 2(1 eiii,'.. (>44. 
Maine : 2d. 2S2. :>»7 ; 0th, 075 ; 11th, 379 ; 12th. 

;iOS, 4.54, 01 1. (itU ; 1.3th. 400 ; 14th, :iS9 ; lOth, 

224, 2^12, 245, .592 ; 19th, 202, 303 ; 20th, 289. 

543, 008; 21st, 040. G52 ; 23d. 591, 835 ; 28th, 396 ; 

29tli, 4(K). 
Mirvland: 1st. 118, 238; lstcav..762; 2a, 340; 

::!d; 312, 449 ; 8d (.av., 474 ; 5th, 415 ; 9th, 511 ; 

lOth. 511 ; 19th. (;2H. 
MiclilLrm: 1st, 2<J9. 2S:i 2.S9 ; 2d, 101 ; 3d, 101 ; 

4tli, 100, 3.V). 481. 4:il : 0th, 304. 4.54, 408 ; 7th, 

20-^>. 2(4. 303; Ktli. 420. 540; lOlh, 289, 312, 315; 

17tli. .547; 27th. .547. 
:\Iiiii\esi.ta : 1st. 150. 208, 253, 207-8, S&i. 
Mississippi: 11th, 122. 
No.v llamijshire: 2d cav.. 700 ; 2d, 102, 209, 

20.5, 1)11 ; 3d. (575 ; 0th. 275. ;i02; 8th, 472 ; lOtli; 

;^o.5, 410; nth, mr, 5;3o, 500 ; 12th, 2i:i, 200 ; 

13th, 305; 14th. 398, 591. SiU; 16th, 14.5-0. 

Ni'W Jersey : 1st cav., 740 ; 5th, 111, 271 ; 0th. 
Ill, 271 ; ■7tli, 111, 271 ; 8tli. 111. 271 ; 9th, 1.52, 
270, 280, S-JO, .Siu, 389; lUh. 212. 208, 271, 509 ; 
13th. 121, 122. 1;M; 39th. 540. 

New York : 1st cav., 513 ; 2d cav.. 477. .559 ; .3d 
cav., 275-6, 410 ; 3d II. A.. 28ii; 4th, 190 ; 5th, 
II. A., .510; 10th. 143; 12th, 101 ; i:ith. 1(50,282, 
317; 13th cav., 7.50; tltli. 101. 449, 4S\ ; Kith 
cav., 7.59 ; 17th, 28;^ ; 19th, 1 15 ; 20th, 205 ; 2.5th, 
347; 2.5th cav., 702; 26th 220 ; 2(ith cav., 784, 
28th, 115; 34th. 2.53. 803; 36th, 109. 175, 197, 
200, 505 ; 41st, 190, 282, 317 ; 42d, 2.53, 202. 3a3, 
314; 44th, 289 ; 4rth. (58^1 ; 4Sth, (575 ; 51st. 329, 
.334, 527, .540, 554, 700; .50th. 377; 50th. 202; 
303; 0:3.1. 424. 1:58: 09th, 424,4.38: 75th. 398, 
819 ; 791 h. 421, 410 ; Sl.st, .364 ; 82d, 2.53, 2.58. 202, 
30.3, 863; 8-3d, 2. "2 3, 232, 236; 8Sth. 421. 4:38 ; 
89th, 415; 90th, 4(50; 01st. 004, (570; 92(1.(509; 
94th, 242. 592. 97th, 22li, 598 ; 98th, 364: 09th, 
265; 100th, :379; 103d. 6S6; 104th. 242. 24.5, .592 ; 
107th, 121, 1.32; UOth, 145; 112t.h. 162; 11.31h, 
162 ; H4th, 400, 819 ; 110th. 460, 046, 052 ; 120th, 



214, 509; 12.5th, 805; 138th, 471, .582: 131st 
772; 132d, 105, 278; I:j4th, 498; i:i(ith, 49m ; 
139th, 388; 143d, 1:15; 114th. V,Xi); 1.5:3d, 460; 
1.50th, 4(59. 57s. .582, 6(W : 1.58tli. ia5 ; 1.59th. 772; 
160tli, 819 ; l(51.st, 4.57, (5.5ti : 162d. 145 ; 174th, 
457, 65(5 ; 175th, 469, 578, 582, 668 ; 176th, .582; 
179th, 540. 

North I'.irolina : 1st, 408, 684 ; 7lh. 405; 12th, 
277 ; a3d, -Sm ; 47th, :308 ; 57th. 7ti3. 

Ohio : 3th cav., 749 ; 2.5tli. 6.S8 ; .f,.->tli. 409 ; 7.3d, 
498 ; 116th, 512 ; 123d, 512 ; 152tl, 510 ; 157th, 
167; 1.59tli. 188; 161st, 510. 

Pennsylvania: 1st cav.. 749; 4th, 150, 308; llth, 
22.3, 238, 242, 598; llth cav., •.'65, 757; 19th, 
226; 23d, 571 ; 26th, 102. 2o!», 213, 2t3\ 271; 
29th, 117, 2:36; 30th, 221 ; :3;3(1, 170; 45th. .540; 
544, 5.54, 70(5; 40th, 11.5, 13.5, 2.3S ; 4Sth, ;340, 
540, .5.54, 703; 49th, .571; 51st, 329, ;33l, .527; 
52d, 376; .5.5th, .3(58; .58th, 1.5.5, 000; 02<1, l9l, 
355, 481 ; (56th, 221 ; 71st, 2.53; 76tli, 675; 82<l, 
571 ; 83d, 280; 84th, 111, 213, 2(59; 85th, .36.3, 
377 ; 88th, 598 ; 90tii, .593 ; 97th, 377, 670 ; 100th, 
342, 449, .544 ; 104th. .376 : 107th. 242. 592 ; 115th, 
111, 271 ; 116th, 4iM; llSth, 380. 289, 351, 5(50; 
119th, .571 ; 1.30th, 226 ; 145th, 440 ; 155th, 493 ; 
173d, 510; lasth, 609; 193d. 1.S8. 

Rhode I.sland : l.st cav., .591 ; 2d. 169, 170, 172, 
174, 197, 5(55. .570 ; 4th. 3(55. 410, 540 ; 5th, 185, 
.376, 6:30 ; 7tli. 010-1, ,554. 70<5 ; llth. (504. 

South Carolina : 2d, 670, 23d, 363, 412 ; 25th, 
3.S9, 412 ; 27th, 292. 412. 

Tennessee : 26th, 506. 

V. S.: 3d. 676 ; 4th. 537. 693. 711 ; 10th, .5.37, 693, 
711 ; 26th, 679, 0.87; a3d, 0,80, 0,8(5; 102d, 079, 

Vermont: 1st, 143; 3d, 204; 7th, 4.54; 8th, 
819 ; 10th, 590, 8:15. 

Vir;,'inia : 1st, 413 ; 2d. .572 : 7th, 413 ; 14th, 
301 ; 15th, 004 ; 19th, .301 ; .5;3tl, 301 ; .57th, 301. 

West Virfrinia : 12th, 514. 

Wisconsin: ;3d. 117, 119. 120. 125-(5, 1.33, 236; 
4th, :394, 4.54, 468. C^^O. 790 ; 26th, 505 ; 5th, .571. 

Batteries— C!a.: 13, Sumter Art., 816. Me.: 1st, 
45^1, 819 ; 5th, 425, .572. Md.: 2d. 340. N. Y.: 
A. .3d, 417; 10th, 813; B. llth. 831. (^ llth, 
8:31 ; 1.5th, 812, 8.30 ; 24th, 6.38, 059. Ohio : 11, 
1st, 8.31 ; 8th, 840. Penn.: 1st, 221 ; D, 1st, 
590. K. I.: A, 115, 296; 4th, 810. U. .S.: A, 
l.st, 819; B, 1st, (507; I, 1st, r.O, 208 ; L, 1st. 
8.50; 4th, 105; 5th, .512, 789, a31. Arnold's 
647; Belwr's, 15:3. 631, 639; Dun-ells. :3:37. 
548 ; Durvea's, ,580 ; Kdwards's. 102 ; Gra- 
ham's, 3:34; Hall's, 228: liidei>endent, 812, 
8.30 ; Kevstone. 844 ; Kirbv's.2.55: MoiTisou's, 
386 ; Pettit's, 438 ; Willistou's 566. 



Abbott, Edward G., 114, 120. 
Abbott. Ilenrv L., :312. .319, '322. 
Abbott, James G., 145. 
Abbott, JosiahCi., 44. 
Abbott, Oramel G., 654. 
Abbott, Samuel L., 29. 
Abbott, Willi.am H., 731. 
Abert, William S., 734. 



NAMES. 

Adams. Alfred W., 100. 
Adams. Charles Franei.^. 90. 95. 
Adams. Charles F.. Jr.. 743. 78:3. 
Adams, Charles H.. Jr.. 2.5^i. 
Adams. Edelbert P.. 7:i8. 
Adams, Edward II.. 782. 
Adams, Francis W., 6.5-<. 
Adams, George F., 496. 



Adams, Henry S., 513. 
Adams. John (i.. 869. 
Adams. J. Webb. 8.34. fU2. 
Adams. Tlu.mas II., 4;3J. 
A<lams. WahUi. 29. 
A'lams, WaiTcn W., 716. 
Adaui.s, Zabdiel B..7.5«).781-2-.3. 
Ad im.s, Z. B.16.S, 173, 479, 693. 



1014 



INDEX. 



Ahern, John, 420. 
Aitchesou, John S., 402. 
Albee, Eugene A, 60.3. 
Alclen, Ilh-am C, 14?^. 
Alcleu, John E, 868. 
Alden, Leonard C, 689, 684. 
Aklen, S. Augustus, 834. 
Aldrich, Levi L., 692. 
Aldiich, Moses A., 622. 
Aldridge, William H., 710. 
Alexander, Wm. B., 136, 359. 
Alfred, Caroline, 61. 
Allan, Charles E., 781. 
Allanson, John S., 731. 
Allen, Albert G., 184. 
Allen, Charles, 3. 
Allen, Charles F., 143, 570. 58.5. 
Allen, Charles G., 514, 667. 
Allen, Daniel S., 613. 
AUen, David, 220, 231. 
Allen, Edward D., 136. 
Allen, Eugene A., 564-5, 568. 
Allen, George D., 609. 811. 
Allen, John A. P., 734-5. 
Allen, Pickering, 768 
Allen, Thomas O., 161. 
Allen, William C, 208-9. 
Allen, William H., 3d, 139. 
AUen, W. Irving. 467, 476. 
AUev, John B., 91. 
Alley, Leander F., 318. 
Allyn, WiUiam B., 817-8, 820. 
Almy, Allen, 706. 
Almy, Pardon, Jr., 282, 285. 
Almy, Sanford, 281. 
Alvord, Henry E., 756. 
Ames, Cakes, 4, 89. 
Ames, T. Edward, 543. 
Ammidon, M., 508, 514, 521. 
Amory, Charles, 28. 
Amory, Charles B., 371. 
Amory, Thomas J. C, 28, 161. 

274, 280, 362, 6-^6. 
Amory, William A.. 264, 731. 
Anderson, John, 698, 781. 
Anderson, John F., 371. 
Andrew, Gov., 1, 33, 50, 53, 67. 
Andrews, Elisha A., 467. 
Andrews, Emory P., 467. 
Andrews, George L., 57, 113, 

117, 118, 123. 
Andrews, Joseph, 24. 
Andrews, Kobert R., 716. 
Andrews, Samuel, 18, 24. 
Andrews, Stephen H., 525. 
Annable, Thomas H., 393. 
Appleton, J. W. M.. 673, 676-7. 
Appleton, Nathan, 813-4-5. 
Appleton, Snmuel, 220. 
Applctiin, Thniiias L., 673. 
Appleton, William, 90. 
Appleton, /I'lio A., 734. 
Armitai;-e, Thomas R., 834, 837. 
Arnold, (.'all 1)11., 25i). 
Arnold, Charles A., 623. 
Ashley, J. F., 169, 170; do. 668. 
Ashley, William A., 204. 
Aspinwall, Col. Thomas, 17. 
Athertoii, Edwin D., 667. 
Atherton, James IL, 738. 
Atkins, Kawlins T., 693. 
Atkinson, Benjamin C, 249. 
Attwood, C. G., 382, 386,1860. 
Atwood, Thf)nias B., 359. 
Austin, Albert S., 100. 
Austin, George F.. 182. 371. 
Austin, Joseph, 4fe0, 735. 
Avery, Edward. 43. • 
Avery, John, 638. 
Ayer, Joseph C, 281. 
Ayres, Charles L., 738, 868. 



Babbidge, Charles, 157, 393. 
Babbitt, Pliny H., 607. 
Babbitt, Warren M., 682. 
ij.ibeock, George L., 629. 
Babo, Alois, 312. 
Babsoii, Fitz J., 359, 870. 
Baehe, Robert, 182, 467, 473. 
Bacheller, Jeremiah C. 184, 869. 
Bacon, Andrew Jr., 738. 
Bacon, Henry, 507, 514. 
Bacon, James L., 196. 
Bacon, Joseph A., 166. 
Bacon, William B., 236, 508. 
Badger, Algernon S. 394. 
Bailey, Andrew J., 156. 
Bailey, Davis W., 618. 
Bailey, Edwin, 184. 
Bailey, Edwin C, 43. 
Bailey, George G., Jr., 731. 
Bailey, George H., 670. 
Bailey, Goldsmith F., 92. • 
Bailey, Peter S., 402. 
Bailey, S. Henrv, 543. 
Bailey, Walter C., 151. 
Baker, E. D.,282. 
Baker, Fisher A., 282. 
Baker, Jacob M., 6.59. 
Baker, John A., 818, 820. 
Baker, John I., 4. 
Baker, Joseph I., 777, 779. 
Baker, Otis A., 139, 869. 
Baldwin, Aaron C, 870. 
Baldwin, C. B., 100, 106, 110, 111. 
Baldwin, James H., 526, 734. 
Baldwin, Joel S., 6.58. 
Baldwin, JohnD., 92. 
Baldwin, Josiah A., 756. 
Ball, Benjamin A., 734. 
Ball, George S., 327, 335, 339. 
Ball, Warren J., 756. 
Ballou, Alphonzo A., 664. 
Ballon, George W., 621-2. 
Bancroft, Ambrose, 480. 
Bancroft, George C, 603, 610. 
Bancroft, Robert B., 274. 
Bancroft, Sidney C, 274. 
Bangs, George P., 114. 
Banks, Gardner. 265, 267-8, 270. 
Banks, Hiram B., 267. 
Banks, N. P., 2, 17, 57, 92, 118. 
Barber, Henry D., 467. 
Bard well, Charles S., 573. 
Barker, Charles, 327, 698. 
Barker, George. 182. 4.53. 
Barker, George T., 719. 
Barker, James H. , 542. 
Barker, Stephen, 249. 
Barker, Thaddeus L., 542-3, 546, 

6.58-9, 561. 
Barlow, Francis C, 499. 
Barnard, Benjamin F., 360, 710, 
Barnard, George M., Jr., 281. 
Barnard, James M., 372. 
Barnes, George F., 151, 156. 
Barnes, George W., 142, 479. 
Barnes James, 28, 281, 284, 350 
Barnes John G., 655, 869. 
Barnes, Jos. H., 31, 435-6, 449. 
Barney, Martin V., 775. 
Barnfleld, Thomas P., 710. 
liarr, Robert G., 161, 103. 
Barrett, Alexander. 419, 422. 
Bai'rett, (ieorge IL, 667. 
Barrett, T,a^\Tence P., 419. 
Barrett, ^Meholas J., 419, 423. 
BaiTcIt, llieliard, 643. 
Ban-elt. William F.,402. 
Barri, Thomas O., 118-9. 
Barrows, ImIwIu, 144. 
Barrow s, William E., 293. 
Barrows, William H., 487. 



Barry, George M., 293. 

Barstow, Elijah W., 735. 

Bar.stow, Nathaniel S., 371,379. 

Bartholomew Nelson. 251, 253. 

Bartholomew, Walter G., 402-3, 
409, 413, 416, 418. 

Bartlett, A. W., 181, 525, 530. 

Bartlett, Amos, 252. 

Bartlett, B. F., 419; do. 018-9. 

Bartlett, Charles E. A., 162. 

Bartlett, Edwin R., 205. 

Bartlett, George W., 401. 

Bartlett, J. J., 289, 492. 

Bartlett, W. F., 68, 312, 314,4-18, 
538, 650, 695, 697, 699. 701. 

Bartlett, William H., 145-6. 

Barton, Clara, 76. 

Barton, Fred, 197. 

Barton, Frederick A. 190. 

Barton, George E., 658. 697. 

Barton, James. 136, 138. 

Barton, Theodore A., 138, 705. 

Basoom, George, 658, 860. 

Bass, William, 106. 

Bassett, Charles H., 166. 

Bassett, Isaac C. , 573. 

Bassett, James, 649. 

Batchelder, Charles J.. 768. 

Batchelder, Cyrus T., 614. 

Batchelder, George A, , 347. 

Batchelder, Geo. W., 293, 298. 

Batchelder, Greenleaf W., 743. 

Batchelder, Moulton, 166. 

Batchelder, N. Walter, 235, 256. 

Bates, Charles H., 359. 

Bates, George H.. 622. 

Bates, Henry B„ 742. 

Bates, Henry S.. 625 

Bates, J. L., 220, 225, 233, 496. 49S. 

Bates, John W., 738. 

Bates, Joseph N., 251. 

Bates, Moses, 43, 69. 

Bates, Samuel, lo9. 

Battles, Oscar A., 667 

Baxter, Charles W., 69.0 

Baxter, Henrv, 228, 232. 598. 

Baxter, Jedediah H . 219. 

Baxter, Joseph H., 357. 
Baxter, Orson O , 777. 
Baxter, Samuel, 293. 
Baxter, W. Quincy, 737. 
Beach, Erasmus D., 1. 
Beal, George L., 460. 
Beal. Melvin, 158, 161. 
Beaman, Samuel B., 668. 
Bean, James W., 824. 
Bean, Samuel A., 711-2. 
Beaumont, Walter P., 735. 
Becker, Mai'tin F., 682. 
Becker. Theodore J., 673. 
Beckwith, Allen W., 812. 
Beckwith, Henrv A., 336. 
Beckwith, Ifobert S., 318. 
Belcher, Allen F., 776. 
Bell, tlames B., 371. 
Bell. Luther v., 207, 209 
Bellen, Henry J., 646 
Bemis. Frederic A., 336 
Bemis, J. Orlando. 658, 737. 
Benham, Henry W., 618. 
Benham, William II., 396. 
Bennett, George IL, 576. 
Bennett, Harlan P., 220. 
Bennett, Joseph II., 197. 
Beimett, William K., 218. 
Benson, Frederick L., 346. 
Benson, Samuel W.. 824. 
Bent, F. Edward, 716. 
Bent, Luther S., 292 
Bent, Samuel A., 43,5. 
Berry, Abram II. 187, f60. 



INDEX. 



1015 



BeiTs', Samuel C... MO. 
BeiTV, Thonias 11 . IWi. 
BeiTV. William, 8G3. 
H«'ssfv, Mcl-ritt B , 383 
Bibliv, (iedi-L'e A., 4SI0 
Bicktord, Si-lwyn E., 161. 
l?icknoIl, L. Kiuerson, 863-4-5. 
Bidwoll, Edwin C, 467-8. 
Bii^flow, Edniuiul E.. 603. 
I'.iirclow, (ieoi-Ke W.. 197. 
Iiiirt'li)\v, .lames K.. '^07. 
I!i-clc.\v, Jolm. 7!H), 8^>i), 83:3. 
I'.iLrrli.w, I.utber II.. 6.%. 
I'.i:;rli)\v, ]M()Scs E., 868. 
r,i-.'l(.\v, W. 11.. 4^9. 
Hiliini;s, Ilom-v P., 6(>4. 
r.illniirs, ,J<isoi)li E.. 148. 
r.iiiu'hain, Samuel K., 731, 7:i8. 
lUnl, Ivlward L.. 643. 
Bird, -lohu E., '.i^i. 
Bird, Lewis J.. 862. 
Bird, William 11., 639. 
Birire. lleiirv W., 3i)8. 
P.i^lic.p, Edward P.. 294. 
l!i»rll, Edwin C. 664. 
I'.ixhv, Oliver J., 735. 
r.lark, Patrick W., 189. 
niack, William E., 145. 
I'.laikmer. Eli T.. .'j'=3. 
niaikmer, .luhii. 64-?. 
lUarkmer, William P., 336. 
I'.laikwtll. Samuel H., 663. 
I'.la^dcii. Edward P. 635. 
Kl.i-deii. (Jci.r-e, 743, 756, 760. 
r.lais, N. 1'. A.. 300. 
Blaisdrll. William. 207, 216,3!;7. 
lilaisdell, William H.. 158. 
Itlake, Edward. Jr.. ,526. 
lilake, George W., 11.3. 
r.liike, James H., .Tr., 629. 
Blake, Pehw W.. 811. 813^. 
r.lake, William II.. 543. 
IJIaiii, Samuel J.. 642. 
Blan.li, Ivltrar M.. 782. 
Blauihard. All.rrt 11.. Ol.i. 
Blamliard, ('adwallader().;453. 
Blanehard, ('. A.. 535, 538-9. 
Blaueliard, Ira. 220. 
Blanehard, James A.. 740-1. 
Blaiidiii, Siniei)i\ Ci., 705. 
Blanev. Alexander. 419. 
Blasland, Edward B . 497 
Blatrhtunl, Beniamin F., 731. 
Bliss, (;e(.r!re L.. 064, 066 
Bliss. William, 564. 
Bliss, /eha F.. 168. 
Bliss, Zenas P.. ZTA. 706. 
Bludtrctt, Silas P.. 1,58,393. 
Blond, Andrew. 394. 
Blood, Caleb, 497. 
Blood, O.xford R., 160. 
Blood, Samuel (J , 161. 
Boardmaii. Francis. 182. 
Bo-le, Archibald, 275. 
Bond, Amos.'402. 
Bond, llenrv W., 323. 
Bond, Xelson F , 467. 
Boiul, William L ,667. 
Bond. William S.. 634. 
Boiiiiev, Isaac II , 145, 147. 
Bouncy, Setb, 393. 
Booth, (ieorire. Jr.. 833. 
Booth, (Jeorsrc W., 844.5. 
Borden, Thomas. I.. 8li9. 
Bosson. Charles P . Jr.. 017. 
Bottume, Elizabeth II . 61. 
Boucher. Michael, 217. 
Bourne, Robert T.. 3-8. 
Boutwcll, Geo. S.. 3. 21. 89, 95 
Bonve, Edward T.. 480, 777. 
Bowden, Nicholas, 182 



Bowden, Thoma.i (; , 207. 209. 
Bowditch, Charles P., («<3, 782. 
Bowditch, Ilcmy P., 781. 
Bowditch, Natlianiel, 743, 746. 
Bowe, Tiiomas. 623. 
Bowen, Daniel !>:., 603. 
Boweii, Milton !{., 743. 
Bowers, Charles, 149, 480. 
Bowers, Charles E., 784. 
Bowker, tJeorge M., 401. 
Bowler, fJeorKC. 637. 
Bowles, Albert (J. , 767. 
Bt)wles, Jolm ('., 085. 
Bowman, 11., 351, .-i07-8, 542, .VI9. 
Bowman, Sanniel M., 697, 701. 
Boyd, Francis E., 614, 737, 739. 
Boyd, Isaac II., 393, 309. 
Boyd, John F.,480. 
Boyd, JohuT, 149, 151. 
Boyle, Hugh P.. 419, 425. 
Boylston, Ileiu-y L., 603. 
Boynton, David, 655, 717. 
Boynton, Isaac A.. 249. 
Boynton, Winthrop P., 68.3, 688. 
Brackett, Edward A., 743. 
Brackett, Levi C., 419. 
Bradbury, William. 635. 
Braden, Ilenrv S , 435. 
Bradford, Ansel K , 663. 
Bradl'ord, Pelham, 827. 
Bradish, Harrison F.. 659. 
Bradlee, David II., 235 
Bradlee, Sanuu-1 J.. 7i.5, 853. 
Bradh^v, Lcverett, 249. 
Bradlev, Luther J., 403. 
Bradstreet, John P.. 655. 
Bradt, James (;., 893. 
Bradv, Charles, 436. 
Brad.y, James. Jr., 304. 
Brajrdon, George, 734-5. 
Brastow, (i.'orgeO.. 149. 
Breed, Bownuui B. . 181. 
Breed, (Jeorge T.. 84.5. 
Brennan, John 11., 419. 
Brewster, E. A. P.. 183. 359. :WX 
Brewster, Hemv B., 6.50. 
Brewster, Oliver A.. 6(13. 
Brewstir, William R.. 314. 
Bridge Wat.son M-..(ir3 
Bridgham, Charles E.. 673. 
Bridgnum, ICdward. 561. 
Bridgman, Elliott C.,4(i7. 
Bridirman, Malcolm, 664. 
Brigirs, Chester W., 87i). 
Britfics. Ilemv S.. 26, 170, 182, 
186, 19S, 199, .564, 591, 641, 661. 
Brigffs, Henrv W.. 139. 
Brigg.s, Janu^s W^, 629. 
BriiiKS, Joseiih B.. 802, 806. 
Brigirs, Moses. 166. 
BriiTL's, Oliver F.,393. 
Briggs, William II. II., 4t)2. 
Brig-s, William J.. 14.". 
Briiins. William S.. 138. 
Brigham, Alfred W . 7.3". 
Briuham, A/.el P . 307. 
Brigham, F^phraim H.. . '' '. 
Briirham, Jolm L , 743. 
Brigham, William C , 6C^. 
Brighiim, William F , .543. 
Briirht, Samuel. 8.56. 
BroiisiUi. David. 637. 
Brooks, Fre<Ierick. I)., n3i . 
Brooks, (ieorge393. 
Brooks. .Toll 11. Jr.. .337. 
Brothersoii. Joseph C., 776. 
Brown, A. R.. 43. 
Brown, Ben.iiimin V . 667. 
Brown, Chiirles M.. 718. 
Brown, Dai'iel F., 346. 
Brown, Da\id F.. 274. 



Brown, David L., 15(j, 236 
Brown, FIdward .\., iVti, 667. 
Brown, Fraru'is !•'., (545. 
Brown, Fred T., 6.30. 
Brown, (Jeorge F., 369. 
Brown, Ilemy C..859. 
Brown, Horace, 731. 
Brown, James, 496, 498. 
Brown, James R.. 607. 
Brown, John It., 3t;.5. 
Bi-own, Joseiih M., 7.".5. 
Brown, J. Stewart. 058. 
Brown, Orlando. 381. 4*5. 
Brown, Robert B , 114, 1.31, 1:14. 
Brown, RiJiert B,, 4.5.3. 
Brown, <;nrdon S., 4.53. 
Brown, W illiam I!...5!K>; do. 719. 
Brown, William M.. 40i,4ti.3. 
Brown, William ()., 883. 
Brown. Williams. .490 4!I8.0(*}. 
Browne, A. i;., Jr., 14. 39. 40. 
Browne, A. P. 6('3. 60r. C(i8. 
Browne, Charles 1)., 426, 449. 
Browne, Henry W., 468. 
Browne, W. II„ 174. 5, 301. 
ISrowinng, (JeorgeF'., 113. 
I!rue(>, Frank. 817. 830-1. 
lirvan. Timothv AL, Jr., 319. 
Hrvant. H.. 543." 
P.rv.int. Henrv. .311. 
Hneklev. Florence, 419. 
Buddinv:ton. John W., 663. 
Buflington, James 89 
Buffum, Amos, H83, .51:), ,5,59. 
Bmrbee, Samuel 11. 3^3. 
I'.MJlir I, .Vii'ielina M.. M. 
Bull. II I Aiuiii- M.,6]. 
Bullork, Alexander II , 15. 4.5, 

71 79. R3. .338, ;iK5, 508. 
Bullock, Jcs.se D.. 168, 173. 
Bullock, I'r.served. 776. 
Bullo.k, W. W., 3J, 4.53, 454. 450. 
Bump, William E., Jr.. 142. 
Bumpus, Cephas C . 142,480,735. 
Bum|)us, F^clgar L.. 503. 
Bumpus, Evi'rett C. 73.5. 
Humstead Nathaniel W.. 634. 
Bunker, David T., 614 772. 
I'.urbank, Eh-azer I{. 187. 
liurbank, Elisha. M. 219.23.5. 
I'.mhank, William II. 151,708. 
l',uHicek, John P., 613. 
Burditt. James A. 188. 
Burke, Timothy, 190. 
Burlingame, Aiison, 9.5. 
Buridiain, Simeon A., 735. 
Burnham. Walter. 161. 
Burns Aliehael. 375. 
Burpee Pierson.T. K..668. 
Burrage, Hem-y S. .543. .501. 
Barrage, Jo.m'IiIi P. .5) '3. 
Btniell, Charles B . 617. 
Burrell. I. S.. 74 617.610 622-3. 
Burrell, John P.. 617. 
Burrell, ^lartin Jr , 017. 
P.unvll, Oliver r36 
Burrill, David B . 2.3.3. 
Biurill, (ieorge C. 711-2. 
Bnrrill Hadlev P. 8C9. 
Burt, John B. 168. 
Bnrt Josepli, Jr., 643 
Bmt. Mas..n W. 847, 353. 
Bmt, William I.., 21. 
Bush, Andrew L.,.5f>4. 
Bush, FVancis Jr. 03<». 
Hush, (ieoir'c. S;.3.5, 241. 
Hnss. Eli.-iha (J. 2.-«. 
Bull r. B. F.. 1, 8,89. .57, 182. 
Untler Horace M.. 743. 
Butler Lafayette, 188. 507. 
Kuttors, John W , 207. 



1016 



INDEX. 



Buttrlck. Harriet, 01. 
Buttrick. II H. 149, 643, 711. 
Buxton, St-tb S , 249, 724. 
Byrnes. Uieliard, 424. 431 
Cabot, Charles F.. 312, 318. 
Cabot, Edward C. 629. 
Cabot Le^vis 743, 756, 775, 779. 
Cabot, S Jr. 29. 
Cabot. Stephen. 66. 739, 741. 
Cadwell. William H , 716. 
Cady Oeorse L.. 161. 
Cahill, T. W.,390 457. 
Caldwell John A., 777. 
Caldwell, Lewis P., 727. 
Caleff, Ceora'e W.. 208. 
CaUender, Charles. 642. 
Camp, Samuel 401 405. 
C'ampbell, Andrew. 2d, 637. 
Campbell, Charles A., 603. 
Campbell, George S.. 382. 
Campbell, John B., 394. 
Campbell, John M.. 847-9, 
Chandler. William L., 99. 
Canedv, Bessy, 61. 
Canfleld, Charles T., 542, 557. 
Capen, Henry, 312. 
Capron, Luther, Jr., 658. 
Caraher, A. P., 419. 4^, 429. 
Carey, John, 189, 192. 
Carg'ill. Thomas M., 798, 800. 
Carleton, Edward, 610. 
Carleton, John. 419. 
Carll, Erastus B., 114. 
Carpenter, Charles O., 698. 
Carpenter, James R.. 731. 
Can-, Joseph B., 106. 212, 268. 
Carroll, Charles, 726. 
Carroll, Charles W.. 282, 285. 
Can-oil, Howard, 724. 
Carruth, Francis W., 100. 
Carruth, Russell, 068. 
Carruth, (Snmner. 100, 525, 527, 

530, 533, .537, 098, 711. 
Carruth. W. AV., 142, 817-8, 820. 
Carsley, William. W., 168. 
Car.son, Robert C, 37. 
Carter, Harriet L.. 61. 
Carter, John IL, 777. 
Cartwrig-ht, Edward G., 735. 
Cartwriylit. G. W., 119,421-2,433, 
Cai-twrii^lit, James W., 692. 
<'arv, .Joseph S.. 235. 
Cary, Richard, 114. 120. 
Cary, William H., 236. 
Case, James H., 743, 777. 
Cash, M'illiam, 182. 
Caskin, Phikna, 01. 
Cass, Jonathan, 003. 
Cass, Thomas, 20, 189, 192. 
Caswell, Adin W.. 402. 
Caswell, Joseph !S., 182. 
Cate, Thomas J., 1.^8. 
Caufy, Edward, 393. 
Center, Addison, 182, 359. 
Chadl)ouriie. lienjamin F., 158. 
Chadliourne, (Jeorfi-e, (i24. 
Chadwiek, John C., 293. 
Chaffee, Samuel J.. 051. 
Chaffin, Alfred, 542. 
Chalmers, James ('., 563. 
ChanilK-iiain. Abial (J., 100. 
Chamlx'i'hiiii, C. >I., 11)G. 
Chaml)ri-lain. Kdwin ISl., 847. 
Chanihcrlain, John F. E., 7'35. 
Cliam'i rlaiu. Perrv 1).. 28(). 
Chanilicrliiin, Roliert 11., 710. 
Clrnnlicrlain. Samuel E., 136-7. 

74.', 715-0. 719. 7S3. 
Chambeilain. William D., 436. 
Chambers. John G., 149, 3,59, 

362-3, 365. 307. 



Champney, Frederick W., 187. 
Chamjiney, Jonas A., 564. 
Champney, W. A., 56i. 
Chandler." Charles L., 99, 105. 
Chandlei-, Charles L., 508, 607-8, 

698, 700. 
Chandler, Charles P.. 99. 
Chandler, Edward A., 182. 
Chandler, Frederick, 718-9. 
Chandler, Theophilus P., 3. 
Chandley, George B.. 564. 
Channell, Alfred M., 274. 
Chapin, E, P.. 646, 651. 
Chapiu, Frederick A., 731. 
Chapin, Samuel, 852. 
Chapman, Andrew, 781. 
Chapman, C. Hem-y, 589. 
Chapman, W. H., 158, 393, 400. 
Chase, At B., 614. 
Chase, Charles E., 738. 
Chase, Constantine, 735. 
Chase, David M., 197. 
Chase, Heman, 709. ■ 
Chase, Joseph, 716. 
Chase, Lucy, 61. 
Chase, Martha H.. 61. 
Chase, Sarah E., 61. 
Chauncey, C. R.. 508, 514. 
Cheever, Hem-y A., 278. 
Cheever, Tracy P., 525. 
Cheney, E. Dexter. 697, 701. 
Cheney, Ednah D., 61. 
Cheslev, Benjamin F., 274, 711. 
Chick, John S., 716, 737. 
Chlckering, T. E., 013, 769, 772. 
Chickering, William, 776. 
Chllds, James M., 698-9. 
Childs, William T., 166. 
Chipmaii, Andrew A., 738. 
Chipman, Charles, 4.35-0, 448. 
Chipman, George A., 166. 
Chipman, George L., .543. 
Chipman, James F., 497. 
Chipman, James L., 589. 
Chipman, John II., 710. 
Chittenden, Albert A., 160. 
Choate. Rufus, 114. 
Christ, B. C, 441. 
Chul)l)ock, Francis E, R., 407. 
Church, John H., 14.5. 
Church, -loscph, 710. 
Churchill, <'liarlcs E., 139, 70.5. 
Churchill, Josei)h M.. 634, 870. 
Chute, Kicbard II.. 711 
Claffcv, Thomas. 299. 
Claftliii. William, 2. 
Clapp, Ch.-nining, 742, 
Ciapp, Lewis, 004. 
Cl.ipi), Thomas W., 190. 
Clark, Albert W.. ,525. 
f :lark, Chester, 220. 
Clark, Dixwcll II., 870. 
Clark. Edward L., 219. 
Clark, p:dwin C, 402, 063. 
Clark. Elisha P., 474. 
tnark, Enoch J., 151. 
Clark, E. S., 1.58. 393, 396, 399. 
Clark, (Jeorge D., 063. 
Clark. George. Jr„ 26, 207, 209. 
Clark, (Jeorge W., 278 ; do. 050, 
Clark. Harry, 182. 
Clark, Hiram E. W.. 756, 782. 
Clink, IIoniceL.. 731. 
Clark, James W., 004. 
Clark, Jolmson, 130. 
Clark, Jouiis B.. 359, 309. 
Clark, Leach. 046. 
Clark, Linus E., 719. 
Clark, Luther A., 003. 
Clark, Nathan. 09 
Clark, Kandoph iSL, 713. 



Clark, Robert F.. 371. 
Clark, Willanl, 3H2. 
C'lark, William A.. 207. 
Clark, William F.. 403. 
Clark, William IL. 330, 344. 
Clark. William L.. 280. 
Clark, W. S., .327, 330, 332. 339. 
Clarke, Albert G., 4. 
Clarke, Charles A., 719. 
Clarke, Jas. Freeman, 44, 114. 
Clarke. Rouse R.. 507. 
Clarke, Thomas W., 435, 449. 
Clarke, \\illiam F.. 453. 
Cleaveland, John P., 4,53, 459. 
Clement, Moses V., 249. 
Clement, Oscar H., 805. 
Clifford, John IL, 45 ; do. 197. 
Clifford, Joseph C, 617. 
Clough, Andrew J., 667. 
Clough, Edgar, 379. 
Cobb. ChaiTes K., 479. 
Cobb, William L., 507. 
Cobb, WiUiam S.. 139. 
Coburn, Charles IL, 101. 
Cobm-n, Harry N., 014. 
Cobm-n, Hirain S., 017. 
Coburn, Josiah W., 054. 
Coburn, William C.. 292. 
Cochrane, Frederick. 654, 710. 
Cochrane, William F., 430. 
Codman, Charles R., 634. 870. 
Coe, Edward L. 697, 700. 
Coe. Isaac II.. 737. 
Coffin, Frederick J.. 184. 
Coffin, Herbert C, 693. 
Coffin, Jared, 629. 
Coffin, John N., 156, 827. 
Coffin, Samuel. 046. 
Coggswell, John D., 018. 
Cogswell, (Jeorge B., 435, 4.39. 
Cogswell, William, 114, 123-6, 

128, 131-2, .505; do. 054. 
Cogswell, William L., 347. 
Col burn, Charles H., 208. 
Colburn, Joseph, 2.30, 710, 713-4. 
Colby, Eben T., 144. 
Colbv. William P., 278. 
Colcgate. William A.. 1.51. 
Coleman, Horace U., 659. 
Colesworthv, D. C, Jr.. 625. 
CoUamore, John A., 630. 
Colliimore, Theodore, 161. 
Colliiig\vood,JohnB., 4.35-6,443. 
Collin-wood, Jos. W.. 282,286. 
Collins, Xathan W., 182, 525. 
Collis./'harles II. T.. 720. 
Colnuin, Ednnind C., 166. 
Colman, Peirv. 149, .589. 
Colt. Thomas (i.. 503. 
Colton, Kdward S., 731, 737. 
Comee, Anson S., 858. 
Comerford. John A., 014, 775. 
Comsett. >b>ses W., 710. 
Conant, Charles ()., 346. 
Coney, John S., 0.54. 
Conklin, George H.. 737. 
Conn, Charles K., 599. 
Conner, Henry C, 346, 7.37. 
Conner, James, 622. 
Converse, Charles S., 151, 156 
Converse, James W.. 643. 
Conwell. Hussell II., 037, 731. 
Cook, Alliert W., 09S. 
f;ook, Asa M., 9, 785. 897. 
Cook, B. F., 220, 22.5. 230. 2^3-4. 
Cook, Fi-ancis C. 038. 
Cook, Frank A.. 407, 471. 
Cook, Frank II. . 022. 
Cook, Ira H.. 017. 
Cook, Jacol)B . 781. 
Cook, Jerenuah R., 453. 



INDEX. 



1017 



Cook. John n.. 698. 
Cook, John L., 327. 
Cook, T. Washburn, 734-.'). 
Cook, William, 734. 
Cooke, Charles Z., '.)9. 
Cooke, (Jeorge E.. .569. 
Cooke, John S., 3',i3. 
Coolev, Horace K., 402. 
(•,,olev, John J., 4a>. 
Coolev, >'. Saxton, (538. 
CooleV. AVDliani H., .508. 
C.ioliik'o. Chirlcs, 331. 
(ooinhs, Eirt;ar H., 415. 
(doinl)S, Jusejih M., 16(5. 
Cooper, Joseph J., 5!I0, COl. 
Cootev, I'hilip J., 156. 
CoiH'laiid. Cliarles l)., 139, 706. 
CoiM'hnKl. (;.-or^'e W., 692. 
Copelaiid, Hiram W., 220. 
Copiland, K. Morri.s, 113. 
Corlilii, Frank S., 2.">2, 2.')7. 
conlwell, William, 241. 
Core.v, James. ()(i7. 
< 'orh'-w, William R., 436. 
Cottintr, Charles, 710. 
Cottiiig, Edward P., 658. 
<'ottle, Edmund, 145. 
Couch 1). X., 2(), 8:1 168, 197. 
Coulter, Kichard, r)!l2, 598. 
Coupe. William, 745. 
Covenev, Je»eniiah W.. 419. 
Cowdiii". Ifolurt, 2(;. 99. 2t19, 604. 
Cowdiu, l.'oliert J.. (i!l2, (i94. 
Cowdin, William II., 617. 
Cowdry. Arthur W., 174. 
(Owen. Jonathan E.. 767-9. 
Cowie, William P.. 99. 
Cox, Charles (J., 601, 611, 784. 
Cox, James, 706. 
Cov. Alonzo, 207, 218. 
Cralts. Jose))h. 151. 
Craibe, Charles L., Jr., 156. 
Craiu'. (ieorjre E., 235. 
craiir, Lcwellvn L.. 158. 
Cram. ( harles C, 820. 
Crandall, H. Hurr, 718. 
Crane. .)ohn P., 347. 
Crane, William D., 683, 688. 
Cranston. Thonnis A., 738, 869. 
Crawley, John H., 694. 
Creasy, (Jeorfje, 181. 
Creasy, William I., 8,59. 
Crehoie. Charles !•'., 5(k^, 
Critchctt. (icorjre F.. S2;J-4. 
Crocker, Aujrustus, 144, 
Crocker, (;eorj;e E., 435. 
Crocker. Hem-y H., 756. 
Croff, John F.,"8(;9. 
Cromack, Jos. C, 29.3, 300, 35.5. 
Crosby. (ieor«e L., 156. 
Cross.' Henrv M., 710. 
Cross, Iv'obeit M., ,54.3. 
Crossnian. Pobert. 139 ; 5d, 70,5. 
Crowidl, (Jeorire M., 16(). 
Ci-owlev. Jlorence C., 151. 
Crowley. Timothy .\., 4,53, 456. 
Crowninshield, B. F., 22. 
Crowninshield, l?en.i. W., 743. 
Crowninshield, Casjiar, 65, 312, 

742, 7.55. 7(;0. 763 4, 766. 
Crowninshield, Francis, 3. 
Cudworth. Warren H.. 99. 
Ciunminirs. Ariel 1.. 617, 619. 
Cumniiuirs. (;ilbei't. Jr., 658. 
Cununinirs. l.ueius, 844. 
Cumston. .James S., 629. 
Cundv. William 11.. 604. 
Cunniff, Martin, (Wi. 
Cuiuiiiiirham, Charles A.. 731. 
Cunnin^'ham, J. A., 480. 490,494. 
(.'urrier, Charles, 151, 156. 



Currier, James W., 615. 
Currier, ,lohii J., IkI3. 
Currier, John ()., (Mti. 
Currier. Simeon P., 208, 735. 
Curry, Samuel. 419. 
Curtin, Jo)m J.. 540, 5.55. 
Cm-tis. .Vrtluir U.. 322, 324, .'326. 
Curtis, Franklin, 143. 
Curtis, (i. S.. 11 J. 742, 745, 749. 
Curtis. Hall. 371. 731. 
Curtis. II. Pelham. 743. 
Cushinjr, ilraincrd. 71(i. 
('ushinj;, .lames W., •I(i7, 697,701. 
CiLshinj;, John. l(;s-9. 
Cusliinji, Eyman F. W., 738, 
Cushiii-^, l.ysandcr F.. 220. 225. 
Cuslimai), Austin S.. 1.36. 642. 
Cushman, Itichard P., 249. 
Cutler. Charles B.. .507. 
Cutter, Calvin. :ii7. ;«4. 
Cutter, Charles P.. IM. 
Cutter, .Mi.ss Carrie E., .3;^1. 
Cutter, Eben P., 717. 
Cutter, John C., 543. 
Dabney, Charles W.. 629. 
Dabnev, Lewis S.. 7">6. 
IJafitrctt, Henry '1'., 77(1, 
Daland. .Iohn.372. 
Dale, Wm. J., 14, 2;^ 28, 29, 77. 
Daley, William. 382, .391. 
Dallas. Alexander J.. 265. 269. 
Dallas, Horatio N.. 282. 781. 
Dalton, Charles, II., 22,29. 
Dalton, .lohn C., 29. 
Dalton, .Joseph A., 6a3,607, 871. 
Dame, Lorin L., 856. 
Dame, Luther, 868. 
Damrell. William S , 247. 
Dana. Alfred C., 99. 
l)ana, David D., 735. 
Dana, David, Jr., 249, 724. 
Dana. N. J. T., 313. 
Dane, Heiu-y C., 614. 
Danforth, licnrv F., 149, 003, 
Daniels, AllMrtE., 719. 
Daniels, (iram ille W., 150. 
Daniels, John L., 719, 
Daniels, Henry W., .543, 556. 
Daniels, Robert S., 151. 
Daniels, William P., 6.55. 
Darliii!,', (ieorjre S., 467. 
Darlinu'. J. Homer, 658. 
Darraioii, James R., 265, 2(')7. 
Dashiell. .\ltrcd H., Jr., 697, 
Davidson, Henry, 802-3. 
Davies. Henry E.. 749, 
Davies, Henry T., 743. 
Da vi.s Albert A., 250, 720. 
Davi.s, Albert R., 281. 
Davis, Alonzo P., 328. 
Davis Austin. 543. 
Davis, Henjamin, .3.56. 
Davis. Charles A., 617, 622. 
Davis, Charl. s W., :i27, .340, 345. 
Davis, Daniil W.. 151, 156. 
Dayis, E. J.. 47.3. 771. 
Davis, Elisha L.. 161. 
Davis, Francis E., 870. 
Davis, (Jcorirc E., 1.58, 393. 
Davis, {;eort,'c F., 776, 780. 
Davis, (ieortrc H., 220. 
Davis. Ceorjre P.. 618.' 
Davis, (ieortrc R., 184. 
Davis, Isaac. 43. 
Davis, John H.. 207. 
Davis. John J.. 1!«. 
Davis, Jonas R., 34.5. 
Davis, Jonathan W., 1.39. 
Davis, .Joseph. 4.53. 
Da\is, Nelson H., 169. 
Davis, Phineas A., 82?. 824. 



I);n is, P. .'Stearns, .5«9. .597. 
Davis, Widter S., :il7. 
Davis, William W.. 435. 
Davis. William W. H.. .376. 
Da\o|, Bradford D.. 869. 
Dawes. Hemy L.. 43. 89. 93. 
D.iwson, Thomas. 705. 
Day, Beniamin, 249. 
Day, Charles <)., 312. 
Dav, Edwin E.. 197, 199. 
Day, (Jcorire H., KI2. 
Day, Hannibal. 47. 
Da.v, Jo.seph M., 7.5. 603, CiMi. 
Day, Luther, 274, 27S. 
Dean, Bradley. 61 1. 
Dean, (ieorp- J., 149. 
Dean, John iM., 1.36. 
Dearborn, (has. A., Jr., 479,4JiJ. 
Dearin-r, Hem-y L., 251. 
Decker, J-fford :M., I'.hi. 2(H), (Ka. 
DeCosta, ]!enj;imiii F., 148,281, 
Dei;an, Henry ]).. 6.54. 
D(Mion, ,\rthur. 227. 
Deland, Edwaivl F., (i35. 
Delano, Charles, 9.3. 
DeLord, Charh's H., 207. 
DeMerritt, D.avid A., 7.56. 
Demiiif.', ]5urton II. , (ttl, 0,5:j. 
Demi)Scy, James, 521. 
Dennis. Leonard (J., 604, 868. 
Dennison, Ami ]{ , 402. 
Denny, Edward W.. 731, 
Dciniv, (JeoiKO P., (,.34. 
Denny, James H., 7.31. 
Denny, Josc])h W., 158, .383. 
Derby, (Jeorse, 359. 
Derby, Jost^th. Jr.. 1140, 
D.-rby, Richa?<l. 2.-.2, 2.57. 
Desiardines, (harli s B., 169. 
IHA'ecchl, Aehille, 829. 
Devens, ('has., Jr., 9, 28. 50. 69, 
170-2, 174. 199. 251. 2.54, .5(>1,860. 
Devens, Edward F., 860. 
Deverenx, Arthur F., 182, 203. 

29S, m). ;i03. 

Devereux, Charles U., 294. 
Devine, James, 419. 
Devon, Andrew J., 822-3. 
Dewey, Edwin S., 697. 
DeWitt, Reubi n, 6.38. 
DcWolf, Oscar C., 742, 755. 
Dew.son. Fiancis A.. (i34. 
Dexter. Beniamin F.. 673. 718. 
Dickerman, (icorirc M., 393. 
Dickinson, Daniel ^i. E., 9'.t. 
Di<'kinson. Edward, 44. 
Di<-kv. William. 737. 
Dike, John 11., 1.5S-9. 
Dilliiidiam, Robert A., 809, 810. 
Dillon, James W.. 151. 
Dinnnock, Justin E., 479. 
Dimon. (harles A. K., 453. 
Dix, Dorothea L., 19. 
Dixon, (.'eorijc S.. 688. 
Doane. Elisha, 497, .504. 
Doane, Henn*, 625. 
Doild, Albert, 860. 
Dodd, ( harle.s, WiO. 
Do<ld, (;eorj.'e W., (;.">'<. 
Dodtre, Daniel J., .56.3. 
DodiTi'. James (i. C, 294, 718. 
Doherlv, James, 698, 7(»3. 
Dohcrty, William W., 189 
Dolan, Dennis A., 52(i. 
Dolan, Philip. 7™. 
Dolan, Thomas, KiS. 
Dolliver, William IL, 7*5. 
Donaldsoi, David M., 574. 
Donath, Herman, .3ol. 
Donnelly, Hugh, 564. 
Donovan, Matthew, 265, 269. 



1018 



INDEX. 



Donovan, Patrick J., 718. 
Dooley, Peter. 564. 
Dorman, William B., 710. 
Dorr, Henry 6., 776. 
Dorr, John, 716. 
Doten, Charles C, 136, 576, 
Doten. Samuel H., 436. 
Doty, Albert, 701. 
Douglass, Frederick, 54, 81 
Douglas, Lewis H., 673. 
Dow, Albert P., 145. 
Downs, Moses, Jr., 156. 
Drake, George C, 220. 
Drake, Ira, 142, 145. 
Draper, Alonzo G., 249, 724. 
Draper, Frank S., 643. 
Draper, James D., 148, 655. 
Draper, James P., 480. 
Draper, William F., 382, 543, 

550, 555, 559, 561. 
Dreher, Ferdinand, 311, 318. 
Drennan, James M., 383. 
Dresser, Edson T., 651, 697, 701. 
Drew, Arthur L., 249. 
Drew, Caleb, 149, 151. 
Drew, Charles E., 394. 
Drew, Charles H., 282. 
Drew, Stephen W., 189. 
DriscoU, Cornelius F., 735 
Driver, Stephen P., 859. 
Drurv, William P., 719. 
Druckrell. WiUiam J., 719. 
Dudley, Albion M., 709. 
Dudley, Nathan A. M., 452, 464. 

647, (356, 769. 
Dunbar, Melzar, 207. 
Diincan, SamueLW., 655. 
Duncan, Timothy M., 618. 
I'unham, John, 136. 
Dunham, Thomas H., 218. 
Dunlap. Jame-s, 710, 713. 
Dunn, Horace S.. 347, 352. 
Dunn, Martin, 870. 
Dunn, Moncena, 293, 303. 
Dunn, Valentine M., 797, 799. 
Dunnmg, John F., 158, 347, 350. 
Dupee, John, 157. 
Duran, Luther B., 869. 
Durgin', Horace W., 645. 
DuriVage, Henry A., 767-8. 
Dutton, George W., 190, 193. 
Dwight, Henry ('., 401. 
Dwight, Thomas, 113. 
Dwight. Wilder, 113, 119, 123. 
Dwinnell, Benjamin D., 658. 
Dyer, David H., 168-9, 869, 870. 
Dyer, Fordvce A., 731, 733. 
Dyer, J. Franklin, 293. 
Dyke, Edward C, 576. 
Eager, Charles H., 251. 
Earle, Anthony, 719. 
Eastman, Ezekiel. 394. 
Eaton, Solomon K., 139. 
Ea\TS, Charles G. A., 278. 
Eddy, Darius P., 617. 
Eddy, Jesse P., 168. 
Eddy, Samuel S., 622, 658. 
Edgell, John D., 668. 
Edgcrton, Oliver P., 663. 
Edmands, J. C. 480, 484, 490,492. 
Edmands, Thomas P., 372, 381. 
Edson, Charles P., 281. 
Edson, Daniel, Jr.. 168. 
Edson, John II., 742, 744. 
Edwards, rlnirles L., 564. 
Kdwards, (Jcorge W., 655. 
Edwards, Henrv, 38. 
Edwards. Oliver, 179, 196, 563. 
Edwards. Samuel P.. 663. 
Eggleston, Melville, 722. 
Eigenbrodt, Charles S., 756, 7'63. 



Eldridge, Elisha, Jr., 870. 
Eldridge, Simeon N., 719. 
Elder, Josiah L., 611. 
Eliot, Thomas D., 70, 89. 
Ellenwood, E. H., 158, Kil, 869. 
EUingwood, Lyman E., 25^ 
Elliott, Richard A., 453. 
Ellis, Jacob M., 796. 
Ellis, James M., 144. 
Ellis, Johnson J., 401. 
Ellis, Joshua J., 56.3, 566. 
EUis, Samuel C, 635. 
Ellison, Lowell, 161. 
Elwell, Andrew, 181, 183, 359, 

362-3. 369. 
Elwell, Charles W., 508. 
Ely, Charles IT., 037. 
Emerson, Adams, 453. 
Emer.sou, John D., 166. 
Emerson, John W., 618, 
Emery, Cyrus E., 781. 
Emery, Moses J., 158, 420. 
Emery, William, 382, 
Emilio, Luis P., 673, 676. 
Emmerton, Charles S., 359. 
Emmerton. George R., 359. 
Emmons, J. Frank, 634. 
Emory, Edward P., 542. 
Emory, James A., 732. 
Eppeiidorff, Mas, 809. 
Erickson, Christopher, 829, 830. 
Estabrook, James E., 4.53, 860. 
Estabrooks, Henrv L., 393. 
Eustis, Henry L., 175, 179, 200. 
Eustis, William T , 3d, 151. 
Evans, Alvln A., 867. 
Evans, George S., 268. 
Evans, George W^. , 827. 
Evans, John'W., 869. 
Everett, Charles, 817-8. 
Everett, Edward, 25, 78, 80, 220, 
Everett, Edward P., 731. 
Everett, Walter, 149. 151. 
Ewer, B., Jr., 139, 705, 708. 
Fairbanks, George O., Jr., 870. 
Fan-banks, James P., 507. 
Fairchild, Edward B.. 507. 
Parnham, Orrin L., 727. 
Parnsworth, Addison, 421. 
Farnsworth, George B., 781. 
Parnsworth, Luther H., 156. 
Parquhar, P. U., 736. 
Farr, A. B.. 150, 393, 396. 400, 620. 
Farrar, Wm. E , 166, 822, 824. 
Parson, James, 453, 496. 
Parwell, Miles, 100, 719. 
ParweU, William E., 207. 
Faxon, William L., 142, 479. 
Fay, Alfred P.. 453. 
Pay, Charles, 637 
Pay, Parwell P., 667. 
Pav, Prank B., 38. 
Pay, J. S .241 
Pav, William H., 7.37, 869. 
Pay, Wilson W., 692. 
Payerweatlier, George T., 738. 
Fearing, Ilawkes, Jr., 142. 
Pears, George L., 188. 
Fears, Samuel. 184. 
Federhen, Jacob. 786, 789. 
Fellows. AlI)ertG.,693. 
Fellows. John P.. 274, 278, 280. 
Felt in. Saiiuiel M., 182. 
Fenncllv, IMchard J., 166. 
Ferguson. Thomas T., 1.56. 
Ferrero, Edward. 332, 5J7. 
Ferris, John J . 3ai 
Ferris, Marsh S., 453. 
Ferry, O. S. , 162. 
Person, Rodney C, 161. 
Pessenden, Anson D., 667. 



Field, Benjamin F., -Jr., 6.30. 
Field, Frederick K , 3-16. 
Field, Freeman, 479 
Field, George W., 710. 
Field, Jonathan E , 71. 79. 
Field, Joseph P., 6.37, 731. 
Pifleld, William A., 711, 822-3. 
Files, Robert 1., 755. 
Pinnegan, Harry, 453. 
Finney, Albert t.. 576 
Fish, Obed M .731. 
Fisher, George A.. 3.59, 782. 
Fisher, George J .»70. 
Fisher, J. Davenport, 782. 
pisher, Louise, 61. 
Fisher, Theodore W., 629, 722. 
Fisher, William W., 169. 
Fiske, Alonzo B., 869. 
Fiske, Eben W., 236. 
Fiske, Edward A., 4.53. 
Fiske, George A., Jr., 614. 
Fiske, Henry B., 698. 
Piske, John W , 705, 709. 
Fiske, Joseph E., 7'31. 
Pitch, J. Arthm-, 611. 
Fitzgerald, Edward, 189. 
Fitzgerald, Gerald. 124, 219. 
Fitzhugh, Robert H., 831. 
Fitzpatrick, Edmund H., 430 
Pitzpatrick. W. H., 837. 
Plagg, Algernon 8., 564. 
Flagg, Cassander. 264. 
Plagg, Samuel, 382. 
Flaherty, Nicholas C, 195. 
Fleming, James 431 433 
Fletcher Aaron S., 1.58 161. 
Fletcher, George A., 693. 
Fletcher, Joel W., 328. 
Fletcher, John W., 625. 
Fletcher, Stephen R., 894. 
Flynn, William H.. 419, 422. 
Foley, John, 710. 
Foley, John H. 236 731. 
Polger, Isaac H. 706. 
Fohansbee, Albert S. 158-9, 161. 
Pollansl^ee, Joseph 569. 
Follett, Dexter II. 797. 
Follett William IL, 799 800. 
Fojsom, Charles A. 371. 
Folsom Charles W.. 311. 
Forbes, Frank II. 629. 
Forbes, John M., 4, 22. 6.3. 
Forbes, Nathan, 139. 
Forbes, William H.. 742, 755-6, 

761. 764, 766. 
Forehand, Walter. 252. 
Ford, Augustus, 622. 
Pordham, E. H.. 467. 473, 476. 
Pon-est Frederic I). 282. 
Poss, t;harles IL. 383 
Poss, Thomas J., 78.5. 
Foster, Albert P 382. 
Foster, Charles 148 
Poster, Charles P.. 869. 
Foster, Charles L.. 642. 
Foster, Daniel, 496. 
Poster, Daniel B.. 651. 
Foster, Dwi.ght. 4 21 44, 78. 
Foster, Enoch J. 161. 
Foster, George W . 829. 
Foster Henrv C. 617. 
Poster, J. (;. .360 872, aS3 403 
Foster, John M.. 151. 
Foster Joseph C., 871 
Foster, Nathaniel II. 38:^. 
Foster, Robert S jI!2. 
Foster, Sarah E. 61. 
Poster Theo. S. 327 .330, 332. 
Poster, Thomas W.. 271. 
Poster. WardL., 168. 
Powle, WiUiam B., Jr. G24. 



' 



INDEX. 



lOl'J 



Fowler. Ezekiel GS3. 
Fowler, James H . 405. 
Fowler, Mary A.. CI. 
Fowler, Walter S. 150. 
Fox. C. B.. 23(5, (ita (iK4. 691, 750. 
Fox, llem-y P.. 508, ."514. 
Fox, Horace, 1C8 9. 
Fox, James A., 235 
Fox, J. S 4.53. 
Fox. Thomas B.. 120, 131. 
Foye, John W.. 207. 
Francis Frettrick A., 050. 
Francis, Humphrey A. 130. 
Francis, James, 114, 128, 131. 
P>ankle J.. 274, 27'8, 730. 732. 
Franklin, W. B., 150 208. 
Frawley Peter, O. C. 040. 
Frazer, JohnD. 328 330. 
Frazer, William A., 184. 
Fi-eeman, Hartwell W.. 004. 
Freeman, William T., 068. 
French, Adams E.. .^^H. 
French, Charles W., 789. 
Frendi, Daniel F.. 092. 
French, Edward B., r 8:). 
French, Jonas H., 4X,-Z. 
French, N.. Jr , 143, 479. 481. 
French, Nathaniel W., 054,057. 
French, Waircn. 022. 
Fi'oman, Alfred, 781. 
Fi-ost, Beniamin W.. 394. 
Frost, Edwin K. 230. 
Fi-ost, William !S.. l.'il. 136. 
Frothintrham, lYank E.. 014. 
Fi'othinffham, Pichard 44 
Frothinfrham. Ward ». 711. 
Fuller, Andrew L. ;.'."d. 
Fuller, Arthm- B. , 204 268. 
Fuller, Charles E.. l.")G. 
Fuller, (^-eorjre E.. 401 : do 022. 
Fuller, Gustavus A., 402. 
Fuller, n. A.. 433. 
Fuller, Isaac P., 142 
B'uller, James (4.. 340 
Fuller, J. Milton, 504. 
Fuller Josiah C. 480. 
Fuller, M. Autrustus. 156. 
Fuller, N. P.. 274, 731. 7:«. 
Fuller, A\'arren A , 770. 
Gaffnev, John L.. 190. 563. 
(Jauc, i)anielP.. 496,498. 
Gallai,'her, James E.. 189 
Gallouije, Isaac F., 274 278. 
Galucia. Warren B., 692. 
Gidvin, Ed^-ard I.. 622. 
Gamble. ^^ i Ilia m. 859. 
Gammell, All)ert M., 208, 218. 
Gammell, Sereno D., 738 
Gammons. John G. 8t9. 
Gamwell, Harlow 7.5.5. 
Gannett, Wyllys. 6a3. 
Gardiner, Stephen D., 184, 717. 
Gardner, Anna, 01. 
Gardner, (Jeorge W., .371, 380. 
Gardner, Harrison 034. 
Gardner, William II., 4.53. 
Gardner, ^\ illiam W. 781. 
Garev, Andrew J. 73S 
Garlilnd. James W., 827. 
Garlick, C harlcs H. 0.50. 
Garlick, Peuben L.. 004. 
GaiTison. (ieor;re T., 683 
Garvin, Paul C.,0.'^8. 
Gatchell. Moses W.. 2.52-3. 
Gault. Samuel. .577 .579. 
Gavlord. (ieorfre H.. 29 
Gavlord Noah IM . 2:^.5 240. 
Geiray. Joseph W.. 737. 
George, Alliei-t. 852. 
Georfre, Edwin B.. 737 
George, James W. -197, 092. 



Gertz, William H.. -180. 
Giblis. Misba J.. 7;K 
Giblis, John I!., 99. 
C;ibl)s. John R. 311. 
Gibl)s, Joseiih 139. 
Gibbs, William. 743. 
Gibs )n, Jaiiics. 710. 
Gibson, William, 526. 
Giddings, Edward L., 004. 
Gilford, Fred'k S.. 136. 629, 735, 
Gifford, George A\'., 108. 
Gilford Tliomas J.,809, 870. 
Gifford, William :M., 014. 775. 
Gill)reth, Samuel G , 805-0. 
Giles, Eleazer, 182,808. 
Giles, Joseph J. 589. 
Gillillan, Thomas' 037, 710. 
Gill, Elijah B., Jr., 10i\ 102. 
Gilman, Ai, 755. 
Gilman, Francis L , 782. 
Gilman, James E., 024. 
Gilmore, Gthoniel, 108. 
Gihuore, Patrick S., 371. 
Gilmore. N\'illiam E., .382. 
Gird, Jost>i)li W.. 543, 697, 099. 
Glass, William, 249, 
Gleason, Jo.seph II., 860. 
Gleason, William, 802-.3. 
Glidden, Jasper A., 772. 
Glidden, Joseph H., IdO. 
Glover, Alfred R., 067, 071 
Goddard, Benjamin F., 166. 
Goddard, H. P.. 251. 
Goddard, .John D. B.. 770, 780. 
Goddard, Jcsepb !M.. 2,51. 
(Joddard, Lewis \V., 190. 
Goff. William C. 1.50. 
Goldsmitli. Sandford K.. 711. 
Goldthwait. Joseph A., 3.59. 
Gooch, Daniel W..91. 
Goocli, Xathan G.. 809. 
G.xjdale. Cyrus W.. 402, 400. 
(Joodale, Joshua C. . .359. 
Goodell, Arthur A., 543, 540, 

549, .5,50, 554, 800. 
Goodell, John B., 658. 
Goodhue. Jc)hn M.. 383 800. 
Gooding, OliverP .407. 476,068. 
Goodnow, Edgar W., 777. 
Goodrich, Alolizo E.. .508. 56.5. 
Goodrich, George E., 508. 
Goodrich, John Z . 3. 
Goodwin, Francis E.. 382. 
Goodwin, Fi'ank. 0.s3, 737. 
Goodwin, John A.. 2. 
Goodwin, J.. Jr.. 181 359. 361. 
Goodwin, John L., 69b. 
Goodwin, Lebaron, 14,5. 
Goodwin, Ri.hard ("., 114, 120. 
Goodwin, Thomas ^\"., 274. 
Goodwin, William 3d, 187, 8"0. 
Gordon, G. H.. 20. 113. 119, 12:J. 
Gordon. (;eorge W,, 350. 
Gordcm, John. 083. 
Gordon, Leonard 208-9 7:». 
Gordon, Timothv. 143. 
Gore Henry W." 49i!. ' 
Gorham, fieorge W., 637, 749 
Gorham, J Martin. 018. 
Gorman, Willis A , 253. 
Goss. Charles. »M. 
Gould. Augustus !., 618. 
Gould, Ezra P.. 711. 713-4. 
Gould, Cleorge F , 738. 
(J.-uld, Joseph F . 144 
Gould. J. P, 23.5.246.710-1.713. 
Gould. L\Tnan W.. 614. 
Gouldie, Peter T.. 218. 
Gove. Jesse A., 3-7, 349. 
Gove, ^Vesley A , 014. 
Grace, James W.. 0T3. 



Graft.ni J Inger.'*oll, 134. 
Gregg, Isaac 1'.. 719. 
Grauam, Edward. 720. 
Graham, .lames. ;i9l. 
Graham, .Malrulm 2<i7. 
(;raham. William W.. .5S9, 599. 
Grammcr, William T. 151, 156. 
Graiiet, ch-ment, 'Mi. 708. 
Granger, lirownell, 2<i7 
(iranger, David A., 217. 
Granger. Heiwv 11.. 8:i4. 841. 
Granger. KeedB., 189. 
Grant, Charles E., 682. 
Grant, Elihu, 139. 
Grant, Frcderi( k, 731. 
Graves, Cvrus E., 490. 
(Jravts, Samuel ('., IK-t, 870. 
Grav. Albert Z., 7;6. 
Gray, Alfred (J., 023. 
Grav, G'eorge C, 802-3. 
Grav, John C, Jr., C14. 
Gray, Pobert A., 50.3. 
Gray, William IL. 158, .393. 
Grayson, John. 781. 
Greelev, Jere A.. 27 L 731. 
Green, Chester W., l(i8-9. 
Green, Hugh M., 4. 
Green, James F., 151. 
Green, James S., .V27. 
tireen, Jerennali E., 2.52-3. 
(ireen, Milbrey. 787, 812 
Green, Samuel A.. 99. 371. 
Green, Stephen E.,731. 
Greene, (Jeorge S, 119; do. 097. 
Greene, J. Dnrell. 148-9. 
Greene, William B. 28. 219. 724. 
(ireenlcaf, IlaH'crt S.. 003. 
Greenleaf, .lolm K , 037. 
Greenleaf, Joseph K.. 793. 
G"eenleaf, Westover. 362. 
Gregg, .Miss .b sie. 630. 
Griffin, Charles. 4hl. 
Griffin, Charles M , 827-8. 
Griffin. Thomas P., 507. 
Griffith, Thomas B.. 138. 
(Crimes, David ¥... (S7. 
Grimes. Samuel W., 100. 
Griswold, Charles E., »10, 3.50, 

352, 692-3 
Griswold, John M.. 629. 
Griswold, Whiting, 78. 
Grosvenor, Sil;is N.. 448. 
Grout, J. William. 251 2.53. 
Grover, C., 10.3, 210. 591, 614. 
(irush, .loseph S..K56. 
Guild, Amasa. 292. 
(Juinev, Patrick P , 189, 191, 193. 
Gunn. Xeil K.. 108. 
Gurdsdorff. Curt. 782. 
Ha<-ket. Ephraim. 810. 
Hadilock. Charles. 18-1. 
Hadley, John W. 101 
Haines, Samuel W.. .525. 
Hair, Charles N.. ^37. 
Hale, Enos P.. ^7. 
Hale, (ienrge F.. 643. 
Hale, Henrv A.. 2.<4. 
Hale. William M.. 168: do. 735. 
Halev. John P.. 462. 
HaliV. William ]).. 274, 278. 
Hall.Afred J.. 161 
Hall, Alvin E.. 142, 282. 
Hall, .Vrlhur. 274. 
Hall, K.lward P., 39.3. 
Hall, Edward II.. 029. 
Hall. (Jeorge B.. K*9. 
Hall. Jam. s A., 8.58. 
Hall. James IL. 99. 
Hall. James W., 607, 869. 
HmII, John. 145. 
Hdl, torman J. 299,86.". 



1020 



INDEX. 



Hall, Richard B.. 790, 793. 
Hall. Theron K., S27. 
Hallett, Be)i.1amin F.. 25. 
Hallett, Joseph L., 467. 
Hallgreen, Ueiirv J . <334. 
Hallowell, Edward N., 073,676. 
Hallowell, Norwood P., 54, 55, 

312, 672, 0S2. 684. 
Hallowell, William P.. 683. 
Hamblett, Samuel H.. 85. 
Hamilton, A. L., 1.58, 161, 869 
Hamilton. Lufius M., 220. 
Hamilton, Robert, 480. 4b9. 
Hamilton, Robert J., 683, 685. 
Hamilton. William, 731. 
Hamlin, Charles H. J., 821, &49, 

850-1. 
Hammond, Daniel W., 359. 
Hammond, Fi'ankliuD.,705,708. 
Hammond, John S., 27.5, 
Hammond, Philip N., 847-8. 
Hancock, James B., 286. 
Handler, Aaron C, 161. 
Handy, Daniel G., 220. 
Hanley, C. T., 187-8, 723. 
Hanlev. Patrick T., 189. 191, 193. 
Haiiley, Thomas J., 188. 
Hanover, George B., 635. 
Hanson, John W., 161. 
Hap^ood, John H., 804, 806. 
Harding, Henry A., 618. 
Hardy, Alpheus H., 634. 
Hardy, John, -3). 
Harkness, E. A., 382. 658, 860. 
Harley, William H.. 7(i(J-7. 
Harlow, Augustine, 236 
Harlow, F. P., 169, 173, 175, 570. 
Harlow, Joseph S., 136. 
Harlow, Sylvauus R.. 311. 
Harlow, William T.. .327, 3-39. 
Harman, Thomas L., 683. 
Harmon, Alpheus K.. 220. 
Harper, William H., 604. 
Harrington, Cahin N , 658. 
Harrington, Frederick A., 143. 
Harrinuton, Henry. 218. 
Harrington, John, 151. 
Harrington, Otis N . 834, 837. 
Harrington, Samuel, .383. 
Harris, John S., 212. 
Harris. Stejihen S.. 643. 
Harris William. Jr., 614. 
Harrison, Samuel, 677, 
Harrow, William. 258. 
Hart, Carlos A., 143, .360. 
Hart, James W., 158, 161. 
Hut, Samuel C, 359. 737. 
Hart, ThunuisB.. 719. 730. 
Hartley, Hem-y, 110. 
Hartnett, William J., 616. 
Hartranft, J. P., 5^3. 
Hartsuff, George L., 232, 225. 
Ilartwell, Alfred S., 630, 679, 

082, 084 088. 
Ilartwell, C(>phas H., 822-3-4. 
Hartwell, Sanniel C, 576. 
Harvie, Robert B., 651. 
Harvey, Fredei-ick. 589. 
Haskell, Alfred. 151. 
Haskell, John H., 182. 
Haskell, Peter H,, 207, 731. 
Haskins, P^jihraim H.. Jr., 709. 
Haskins, I'rial .M.. 870. 
Hassall, Robert. 0.54. 
Hastings, Charles W , 220,233. 
Hastings, C. S,. .543. 549. 
Hastings, Joseph W., 335, 498. 
Hatcli, Augustus, 525. .539, . 
Hatch, Bejijarain F.. 643. 
Hatch, Winsor 2d, 781. , 
Haven, (iilbert. 181. 



Haven. S. F. Jr., 251. 2.57. 
Haviland. Thomas P' 219. 
Hawcs, John A., 139. 
Hawes, Marcus M.. 114. 
Hawes, Massena, B., 534. 
Hawkes, Esther H., 61. 
Hawkes, George P., 337, 335, 

339, 341, 344, 
Hawley, Charles P., 623. 
Havden, Frank W., 784. 
Haydcn, Joel, 4, 50. 
Hayden, Joseph L., 564. 
Hayden, Lester M.. 467. 
Hayes, Elias W., 739. 
Hayes, Frank. 208. 
Hayes, Joseph, 281, 285, 287, 290. 
Hayes. Martin. 6.55., 
Haynes, Daniel J.. 352. 
Hays, Alexander. 844. 
Hayward, Eben T., 738. 
Hayward, George, 39. 
Hayward, Henry J., 870. 
Hayward, J. McLean, 219. 
Ha>T\'ard, Linus E., 706. 
Hajnft'ard, Nathan, 311. 
Heard, J. Theodore, 235. 
Heath, Charles E., 097. 
Heath, Christopher S., 849. 
Heath, Frederick A., 785. 
Heath, Horace, 637. 
Heath, William H., 131. 
Hebert, Thomas, 184. 
Hecker, Richard. 682. 
Heckman, C A.. 364. 367. 
Hedges, Gamaliel. 182. 
Heine, William. 078. 
Heintzelman, Rush B., 617. 
Hempstead, Henry E . 435, 4-11. 
Henfleld, Amos, 249. 614. 
Hennard. Joseph. 311. 
Hennessey, Edward. 311. 
Henry, Gecn-ge E. 100. 
Henry, Guy V., 606. 
Hepworth, George P., 642. 
Herbert, Thomas, 735. 
Herchenroeder, John. 3H. 
Herrick, Moses S., 182-3. 
Hervev, James W., 014 
Hewins, William G., 282, 287. 
Heymer, John C, 710, 732. 
Heywood, Charles P., 738. 
Heywood, Eben T., 337. 
Hibbard, Lansing E., 333. 
Hibbert, Joseph, Jr., 99. 
Hichborn, Alexander, 320. 
Hickley, Henry S., 7'81. 
Hickox. Chauncey. 187. 
Hicks. George A.. 251, 860. 
Hii;t;-ins, lieniamin F., 849. 
Hiy-yiiis, William P. 734. 
Higgiiisun, Francis L., 673, 782. 
Higginson. Henry L., 114, 743, 

744. 754. 
Higginsoii, Robert M., 781. 
Hiaginson, T. W., .57. 6.58. 
Hight. ( 'harles M., 733. 
Hildreth, .Joseph A.. .576. 
Hill, iMlwin h'.. 114, 089. 
Hill, Jame.s .5u2. 
Hill, James A.. 797. 
Hill, John K., 297. 
Hill, William. .536. 532. 
Hill, William B.. 336. 
Hillard. Ceoi'ge S., 115. 
Hillbduni. .\lpheus J..869. 
Hillniaii, Heriah T.. 710. 
Hillman, John R.. 663. 
Hillman. Ifuwland L., 731. 
Hills, J.iseph S.. 271. 
Hills, RufusD..743. 
Iliitcm. Francis W., 26,5. 



Hilton John H.. 775. 
Hineklev, Samuel B., 706. 
Hineklev. M'allace, 029. 731. 
Hincks, Edward W., 28, 58, 181, 

183, 393, 397-8, 300. 
Hinds, William H. H., 264, 497. 
Hinds, WilUam H. W., 274, 278. 
Hinks, Elisha A., 293. 
Hitchcock, Alfred. 36. 
Hitchcock, Alfred O.. 698. 
Hitchcock, Thomas B., 617. 
Hitchings. Edward, 603. 
Hoadley, J. C, 64. 
Hoai', E. Rockwood, 21. 
Hobbs, Cyrus, 655. 
Hobbs, Horace. 659. 
Hobbs. John, 3.59. 
Hodgdon. Lucian A., 793. 
Hodge, William D , 196. 
Hodges, Almon D., 622. 
Hodges, Arthur. .576. 
Hodges, Gamaliel 525. 
Hodges, George F.. 148, 281, 285. 
Hodges, J., Jr., 293, 654, 710. 713. 
Hodges, R. M., 39 
Hodges, William T.. 614. 780. 
Hodgkins, William H., 543. 
Hodsdon, Alonzo J.. 622. 
Holbrook, Andrew J., 151. 
Holbrook, Charles L,. 624. 
Holbrook, Elisha S., 436. 
Holbrook, Hem-y C, 337. 
Holbrook, Horatio N.. 149. 
Holbrook, Wilder 8 , .543. 
Holbrook. William, 196. 
Holden, Daniel, 508. 
Holden, Newell K.. 2.52 
Holland, James, 743, 749. 
Holland, William. 424. 
Hollis, Abijah, 634, 093. 
Hollis, Charles D., 697. 
Hollis, Galen, 734 
Hollis. M\Ton W., 145. 
Hollister, Edward P . 467, 697-S. 
Holman, David E., lO.S-9. 
Holmau, (ieorge F., 108. 756. 
Holman, S. Atherton, 168. 
Holmes, Albert B., .33.5. 
Holmes, Alexander S., 136. 
Holmes, Charles H.. 736. 
Holmes, Christopher C, 870. 
Holmes, Frederick, 577, .581. 
Holmes, Henry T., 655. 
Holmes, Oliver W . Jr.. 311. 
Holmes, Otis W., 543. 559. 
Holmes, P. Marion, 543, 552. 
Holmes. William F., 145, 147. 
Holt, Alfred F., 4.53. 
Holt, Charles v.. 777. 
Holt. Harrison, 083. 
Holt, Horace. 249. 724. 
Honuin, Conrad 450. 
Homans, George H . 6.3.5. 
Homans, William H.. 673. 
Homer, Charles W., 268. 
Homer. George H.. 1.56. 
Hood, F:ibridge G., .535. 
Hooker, Anson P.. 393, 396. 
Hooper, Arthur. 138. 
Hooper, Charles H., 371, 377, 

379. .380, 381. 
Hooper, I. H.. 2.52, 257, 259, 728. 
Hooper, Henry N., 677. 
HouiHT, 1!. W.. 29. 
Hnoiiri', SanuK'l. 91. 
Hooper, William 1).. 0:30. 
Hopkins, Amos L., 754. 
Hopkins, Archibald. 504. 574. 
Hopkins, Edward P . 7.50. 
Hopkins. James W.. '■^37. 
Hopkins, Orrin L. 468. 



INDEX. 



JO-'l 



Ilopkin?. Wm. S. B., -1(37-9, 473. 
K(ppi)in. Henry. P., 7H1. 
hdiiDii, t'liarles P , 114 
Ilortoii, i:vcrett S.. M2, 705. 
Hortt.n, ,)ivvi\ :A>ti. 
llortoii, LdvcllSll.. 4i«. 
Ildi-tdi!. \\ illi;mi 1... :i:-^. 
Hosoa, I. F H.. oH'.i. 
Ildsfonl, Horace. Uti3. 
Hosiiier, AiUlisoii A., 419. 
Husiiier. .lane. 01. 
Houjrhton. J. E., fJI!. 
Hovey, C'barl.s II.. 230, 240. 
Hovey, .)<ilin H.. 235. 
Hovey, Sannicl I).. S94. 408. 
Ilovey, Solomon, Jr.. 328. 
How. (ieor^e P.. (142. 
Howanl. Cliarlt^s F.. 144. 
Howard, (Jtiorne K.. orjO. 
Howard, (ioorire F., 004. 
Howard, (Jeortfo II.. ^^04. 
Howard. Heiirv W".. 71'.), 720. 
Howard, Hir.im L.. 710. 
Howard, Oiiiraii II.. 114. 
Howard, Tlioiiias F.. 151. 
Howard. Willard, (i73. 
Howe, Albert K. 030, 781, 783. 
Howe, Church 157,251. 
Howe, Edward E.. 345. 
Howe, JYauk E.. 2!). 
Howe, (ieorfje H.. 038. 098, 701. 
Howe, Henry -I. 293.297. 
Howe, H. Warren. 453. 
Howe. Joel H.. (i5H. 
Howe, 1)1-. Samuel (4., 23, 29. 
Howe, William (i.. 453. 
Howe. Milli.iru L.. ■>1K. 
Howell. Luther ('.. 407. 
Howes, (.liarles. 040. 
Howes. Wooiihridtrc It.. 138,281, 
Howlind. Charles. C , .576. 
Howlaiid. Charles II., 507. 
llowlund. Charles W. 145. 
Howlaiid. Cornelius. Jr., 3.59. 
Howland, John W., 190. 
Hovt. Dixi C. 151 731, 733. 
Hovt. Isaiah F.. 4)-0 
Hu'bl)ard, Dwijrht. 190 
Hubhard, Ilenrv A.. 402, 404. 
Hulibard, Stephen L , 7.32. 
Hubon, Peter E.. 405 
Hudson, James. Jr., 182, 184. 
Hudson, John \\'.. .520, 540. 
Humble, Ilenrv, 145. 
Himiphrev. Edwin, 208. 21.3. 
Huiniihrey. Cti-s M.. Kil. 
Humphrevs, Chas A., 755, 701. 
Hunt. Charles. 030 
Hunt, Charles X.. 590. 
Hunt, Ebenczer. 187. 
Hunt, Franklin L.. 407. 
Hunt, George E.. 800. 
Hunt, Samuel C. 148 
Hunt, W. Chapman, 402. • 
Hunt, William. 0.59. 
Hurd, Charles H. 480. 
Hurd, Ira. 0.55. 717. 
Hurd, Samuel H.. 148. 
Hurd, Theodore C. 035. 
Hurd. William H., 1.50. 6.54. 
Hurd, Yorick (i.. 045. 
Hurlburt. Eben S,. 0(13. 
llurlburt. Edwin. ?04 
Hm-lbut, Georjje I{.. 139, 770. 
Husband. Thomas H.. 4.30. 
Hutchings, William V'.,371. 
Hutchins, C. C. 220. 
Hutchins, Isaiah, 100. 
Hulehins, John. 1 19, 589 
Hutchinson, William IL, 017. 
Hyatt. Alpheus 042. 



Hvde, Gcnrfre H., 504. 
Ilvde, John 15 ,809, 810. 
Iii^mIIs, E. Alfred, 181. 184. 
ln«:alls, Joseph A.. 184, 187. 
Injr.dls, Sjimuel 781. 
Imralls, William, 1.51, 710. 
Intcell. J Wilson. .520.539. 
In^'r.iham, Timothv, 130, 14.5, 

^:S1, 2^, .".TO, 578, 089. 
InL,'r.diam, 'I'imutliy- Jr . 570. 
Iii^n-aham, Williiini .M., 2X1. 
IsUell. John I).,281.2M . 
Ives, Kal|>h<).. 190. 
Jackson, c harles A.. 00?. 
Jackson, Edward I'., 150. 
Jackson, Patrick T., V82. 
Jack.son, Sfnewall, 108, 124. 
Jackson, William, (8,', 085. 
Jackson, William li., 236. 
Jacobs, Franklin, 144. 
Jacobs, William H , 781. 
James, Garth W.,073. 
James, Horace, 382. 
James, Lyman, 773. 
James, Hobertson. 082. 
Jameson, Kobert E., 207. 
Jarves, Deininj;, .Jr., 371. 
Jarves, il. I)., 371. (192 091. 
Jetferev, John, 093. 
Jeffries, John, Jr.. 870. 
Jenkins, (Jeorge N , 806. 
Jenkins, Horatio, Jr., 004, 008, 

Oil. 779, 780. 
Jenkins, Luke E., 731. 
Jenks, Francis, 230. 
Jenks, Ilorac^e A , 443 
Jennini^s, (ieor^re F., 742. 
Jennings, Henry J , ()22. 
Jennings, Isaac A., 809. 
Jennings, John II., 130. 
Jepsoii, John C, 1.58, 161. 
Jewell. William II., 570. 
Jewett, .\ndrew F. , 158. 
Jewett. Chariest' , 2M 
Jewett, Edwin V. , 738. 
Jewett. (Jeorge, 0.58. 
Jewett. liiehard H. L., 673. 
Jillsoii, Kdwaid M., 415. 
Johns, Ilenrv T.. wa 
Johns, Thomas I)., 174-5 
Johnson, .Vndrew J.. 158. 393. 
Johnson, Brent. Jr., 4.53. 
Johnson, Charles II , 7(J5, 709. 
Johnson, Cliarles H.. 205. 269. 
John.son, Dan. II.. Jr. .359 603. 
Johnson, Edward C..(i30. 
Johnson, Edwin T. 197. 
Johnson, Elbridge M.. 755. 
Johnscm, Frank A.. 870. 
Johnson, (ieorge A., 719. 
Johnson, .James X. 251. 
Johnson Joseph L.. 184. 717. 
•Tohnson, Thomas II., 871. 
Johnston. Alexander, 073. 
Johnston George H , 100. 
Johnston, Ilenrv, 0.54. 
Jones, Cha.-les E., 15S, 497. 
Jones, Dennis H , 0.'^3 085. 
Jones, E F.. 8 31. 1.57, 393 390. 
Jones, Edward J., 844-5. 
.Jones. Edward L. 013 (J7G. 
Jones, (ieorge H.. 1.50. 
Jones, Ilenrv P. 735. 
Jones, John 737 N.'.t. 
Jones, John C, Jr., 371. 
Jones, (IS ego .502. 
.J(mes, \\ illi ini II.. 784. 
Jime.s, WlUi.im T., 731. 
Jordan Augustus C. 022, 624. 
Jordan. ChiirlesM.. 100. 
.Jordan, Jediah i' . 622 



Jordan, William. {;24 
Jordon. William W .788. 
Jor^'i'n.sen Hans P. :i')'.i. 
Josliji Ceorge C. 252 2.57,259, 

2(11 8ti0. 
Jourdan, (ieorge F.. 05'^ 
Jourdan, James, 1S5. 
Jov. i;dward S. 019. 
Jov, Silas S., 019. 
Judd, l.'iaac E.. 051. 0.5.3. 
Jiid.son, Walter IL. 23.-. 
Justin James M., 0.37. 
Kali'r, Cornelius, 782 
Kearney, Stepliin 1... 252. 
Keating, .\lbert, 716. 
Ke( 11 Willi:ini T., 43(i. 
Kcenaii. Thomas H.. (19.3. 
Keene, William H 187. 
Keith, Charles A.. 770. 
Keith, David H., 743, 77(;, 778. 
Keith, Hiram .\ , 197. 
Keith, Walter H , 870. 
Kellev, David M ,051, 716. 
Kellev, Jarvis.1' , .503. 
Kellihcr, .lolin. 323,32.5. 
Kellogg, Justin V , 004. 
Kellogg, I.erovK,051 
Kellv, Patrick, 425, 431. 
Kelton, Ira J., .327, .3*;. 
Kelty, Eugene, 2il4, 4.5:^, 456. 
Keinj)ton, Frank 11., 7a5. 
Kendall, Albert A., 22.5. 
K.ndall, CliaWes (;.. 029. 
Kendall. ChnrlesS., 99. 
Kendall, J< s-ph L., 2<.).3. 
Kendall, -1. Jei.li I{.,(k30. 
Kendrick, Leon H.,770. 
Kennay, James W , 098 
Kenney, (;eorge W.. 274. 788. 
Keniiey, Jonathan .\.. 871. 
Kennison, .Josiah F.. 419. 
Kennv, Amos ()., 037 
Kenrick. John A., 029 
I\ent, Barker IJ., Jr.. 710. 
Kent, John, 151. 
Kent. William L., 359. 
Kern, Ilenrv .\., 430 
Kesselhuth, Henry. 114. 
Keves, (ieorge S . 731 2. 
Keves, Hamlin W., 148-0. 
Kidder, E.lwanl J.. 232. 
Killiani, (ieoi-ge W., 150. 
Killiaii, J..lin.420. 
Kimball, Daniel W..or.9. 
Kimball. John C., 184. 
Kimball, John W., 251, 254,2.57. 

512. 007. 
Kimball. Joseph W.. 249, 72;. 
Kimball, Josiah F. IKM. 
Kimb.ill, Kiehard H ,220,221. 
Kimball, Thomas 1). 0.59,731. 
Kimball. William K., 014. 
Kinipion, Lucius P., 02.5. 
Kinir, I.ciTider (i., 204, 209. 
KiiiL', I{obert,088 
King, Hobert If.. 731. 
King, Kufus, 2.52. 
Kim:. W. S.. 74.. 520. .530, .5*3, 737. 
Kingsbury, Daniel E , 037. 
Kiniiev, Jirev, Jr , 870 
KinsleV, Alfred H , 7:^1. 
Kinslev, Edward B. P.,(V12,711. 
Kinslev. E1VC..0I2. 
Kinslev, Frederic H., t49. 589, 

.5!»7-8, C^RJ. 
Kinslev. Willard C., 5S9. 001. 
Kirk, .iames W., 827 8 8.56. 
Kittle. James, 18K 
Kittredge, Fhivir*; , 408. 
Kittridge. E. F . 4'JO. 
Knapp, George H., 637. 



1022 



INDEX. 



Kneeiand, Samuel, C34. 
Kniffiu, Charles W., 651. 
Knh-ht, Jasca II., 188. 
Kni^'ht, JohuII.. 187. s 
Kni'^ht, Lucius W., 742. 
Knij,hts, George W., 166. 
Kiicivvles, Charles K., 354. 
Kurtz, John, 30, 235, 359, 383. 
Ladd, George P., 692 
Ladd, Jeremiah B. P., 737. 
Ladd, Luther C, 159. 
Ladd, r^athaniel E., 683. 
Laforest, Samuel O., 328, 643. 
Lakin, J. Frank. 207. 
Lamb, Charles D., 731. 
Lamson, David S., 264, 267-8. 
Lamsou, William H., 393, 497-8. 
Lauden, William J., 184, 188. 
Lander, Be'njamiu W., 802. 
Lauder, F. W., 37, 312. 
Lander, Henry F., 311. 
Lander, Miss, 37. 
Lane, Everett, 624 
Lane, Henry F., 613, 769. 
Lang, Anthony, 359. 
Lang, Charles H., 711. 
Laugford, Edvi-ard L.. 168. 
Laugford, Fanny S., 61. 
Langley, Alonzo B., 858. 
Langmaid, Samuel, 249. 
Lathrop, John, 526. 
Lathrop, Joseph H., 777. 
Lathrop, Julius !»[., 576, 583. 
Lauriat, George W., 494. 
Lawler, Andi-ev^- J., 419, 439,430. 
Lawrence, Amos A., 1. 
LawTence, Daniel W., 156. 
Lawrence, J. K., 141. 
Lawrence, Levi, 883, 698. 
Lawrence, Sam'l C, 9, 148, 150. 
Lawrence, William H., 99. 
La^\Ty, Da-s-id F., 697. 
La'UTy, Ira F., 645. 
Lawson, Henry T., 265, 731-3. 
Lawson, John, 731. 
Lawton, Joseph W., 405. 
Lawton, Thomas C, 563. 
Leach, Frank T., 507, 522. 
I-each, Ivory, 867. 
Leach, Lebbeus. 436. 
Leasurc, Daniel, 342, 545. 
Leathe, Charles B., 603, 784. 
Leavitt, Daniel F., 613, 775. 
Leavitt, Sheldon, Jr., 777. 
LeBarncs. John W., 311. 
Le(';uii. AVilliam H., 294. 
Leo, Arthur B., 673. 
Lee, Charles J., 646. 
Lee, Custis. 575. 
Lee, Daniel W., 436. 
Lee, David 293. 297. 
Lee, Edward D.. 410. 
Lee, Francis L., 629. 
Lee, Horace C, 31, 139, 1.52. 401, 

413, 416. 638. 
Lee, James H., 738. 
Lee, JohnR., 99. 
Lee, John W., 467. 
Lee, Lathrop, 637. 
Lee, Samuel II . 734 
Lee, Timuthv F., 189. 
Lee, W. H. F.. 757. 
Lee, William P., 29. 
Lee, William R., 28, 35, 311, 313, 

316, 818, .563. 
Legg, Edwin, 731. 
Lcfghton, H. B., 589. 
Leland, IJciijamin F., 197, 199. 
Leland, Francis, 118, 120. 
Leinan, Archelaus N., 166. 
Lemoyne, George, 730. 



Lemoyue, William J., 419. 
Leonard, Joseph B.. 1G8, 173. 
Leonard, Xahum. 7u5. 
Leonard. Orville W., 617. 
Leonard. Samuel H., 23, 28, 2-35, 

243, 592. 
Leonard, WiUiam G., 638. 
Lett, Eli, 082. 
Lincoln, Fi-ancis D., 638. 
Lincoln, Francis M., 525. 
Lincoln, James M., 168, 851. 
Lincoln, Levi, Jr.. 508. 
Lincoln, Rufus P., 326, 564 573. 
Lincoln, William H., 174. 
Lincoln, Wm. S., 507 514, 522. 
Lindley, Henry C, 265. 
Lingerifelter, George R., 651. 
LinneU, Lorenzo F., 182, 184. 
Lipp, Loedegar M., 693. 
Little, Thomas I., 740. 
Littlefield, Edward P., 692. 
Littlefield, H. D., 827, 845, 850. 
Littlefield, Hemy W., 673. 
Littlefield, John, 860. 
Littlefield, M. S., 676, 684. 
Littlefield, Samuel F., 188, 655. 
Livermore, C. I>ed'k. 739,740-1. 
Livevmore, Edward M., 264. 
Lloyd, John K., 275. 
Locke, Francis, Jr., 187. 
Locke, John W., 148, 654. 
Lockwood. H. H., 1S8. 
Lombard, George B., 639. 
Lombard, Hosea C, 197. 
Lombard, Jacob H., 629. 
Long, Alanson B., 663. 
Longley, Stephen W.. 667. 
Loomis, Joshua A., 564, 570. 
Lord, Caleb H., 1.30. 
Lord, William 4th, 646. 
Loring, Frank W., 371, 576. 
Loring, Selden H., 453. 
Loring, Southworth, 136, 604. 
Lothrop, Augustus W., 168. 
Lothrop, Thomas J., 144. 
Loud, Kienzi. 782. 
Longer, William F.. 731. 
Love, George M., 458. 
Lovell, John A.. 507. 
Loverins, William, 453. 
Lovett, Charles W., Jr., 614. 
Lovett, Horace R. . 184. 
Lovrien, William F., 161. 
Low, David W., 182, 184, 187-8. 
Lowell, Anna, 76. 
Lowell, C. R., Jr,, 22, 65, 755, 

763. 
Lowell, James J., 312, 316. 
Lowell, Mrs. C. R., 20. 
Lucas, Thomas J., 477. 
Luce, Freeman C, 692. 
Lull, Frederick A., 731, 811, 813. 
Lurvey, James T., 293, 603. 
Lvle, Jabez M., 1.39, 870. 
Lyle, Peter, 226, 246, 594. 
Lyman, George H., 29. 
Lyman, J. Austin, 508. 
Lvman, Luke, 401, 409. 
Lynch, John A., 393. 
Lvude, Leander F., 158-9. 
Lyon, Charles P„ 136, 138. 
Lyon, (Jeorge P., i526. 
Lyon, Julius M., 622, 638. 
Lyons, Henry M., 187, 651. 
Maoaidey, Daniel, 584, 586. 
Macomber. George, 508. 
Macoy, I'riah, 716. 
Maey, George N., 312, 317, 319, 

320, 322. 
Madiican, William, 189, 192. 
Magee, James, 419, 769, 773. 



Maggi, jVlbert C, 136, 327, .330. 

496, 498. 
Maginnis, James. 046, 648. 
Maglathlin, Hem-y B.. 145. 
Magiicr, James. 430. 
Magnitskev, Gustave, .325. 
Mahan, John W., 189. 
Mahuney, Andrew, 293. 
Maker, J. Crosbv, 372. 380. 
Mallory, Abner F., 782. 
Maloy, John, 145. 
Mandeville, John M., 10". 
Mann, B. N„ 274. 276, 280. 
Mann, Nelson. 145. 
Mann Samuel W.. 738. 
Manning, Charles H., 802-3. 
Manning, Benjamin H.. 604. 
Manning, George A., 750, 760. 
Manning, George O., 787, 789. 
Manning, Jacob M., 624. 
Manning, Thomas H., 806. 
Manning, William C, 756, 760. 
Mansfield, Joseph K. F., 4.36-7. 
Mansfield, William H., (ia4. 
Marble, John W., 136, 138, 870. 
Marble, Samuel W., 809. 
Marden, G. H., Jr., 148,151. 156. 
Mark, George, 589. 
Marks, John L., 871. 
Marlaud, William, 791-2. 796. 
Marsh, Alphonso, 683. 
Marsh, Daniel J., 037. 
Marsh, Frederick M.. 844. 
Marsh, George W., 507. 
Marsh, Lucius B., 23, 642. 
Marsh, William R., 196, 199. 
Maronv, James, 274. 
Marshall, G. E., 604, 607-8, 610. 
Marshall, Isaac N.. 161. 
Marshall, Joseph A., 543. 
Martin, Augustus P.. 797. 800-1. 
Martin, Benjamin F.. 249. 737. 
Martin, George T., 577, 737-8. 
Martin, Henrv, 8C3-4. 
Llartin, Knott V., 182, 359. 
Martin, Oramel, 860. 
Martin, Svlvanus, 869. 
Martin?, William F., 249. 
Martland, William J., 230, 692. 
Mason, Albert, 576. 
Mason, Augustus. 034. 
Mason, Edward B. 756, 760. 
Mason, Eugene J., 1.58, 603. 
Mason, James M., 264, 870. 
Mason. William E., 139, 706. 
Mather, Joseph, 870. 
Matthews Albert E.. 784. 
Matthews, Henry, 391. 
Matthewson James R., 168. 
Mavhew, Abijah L., 169. 
Mavloan, John W., 693. 
Mavo, Charles H., 205, 735. 
Mavo, Thomas A., 436, 438. 
McAOister, Robert. 111. 217, 271. 
McArdle, James, 419, 692. 
McCaft'ertv, James E., 190, 193. 
McCafferty, M. J., 382; 385, 860. 
I^IoCartney, John B. 7S6. 
McCartney, Wm. H., 785-6-7. 
McClearn, Stuart F , 1S4, 737. 
MeClellan, Georue W., 36. 
McCollister, John Q. A., 667. 
McConville, Henrv, 383, .391. 
McCon\1llc, Michael P.. 860. 
I\IcC'ourt. liobcrt W., 275. 
McCoy, T. P., 592. 
McCuilum, James, .858. 
McCurdv, Wilbur G.. 833-4. 
McCurdv, William B., 166 
McDavitt, James 7-38, 869. 
McDermott, Felix, 345" 



' 



INDEX. 



1023 



McDonald, George F., 43">. 
INk'DonaM, James W.. MS, 211. 
McDonald. John A.. 419. 
McDoiKiuyrh. John. 110. 
MfFaHainl Charles. 22. 
Jk-Karlanil. Thus.. 139. rcXi, 708. 
McFailin. William S., 13tJ, 281. 
McGee. Janu'.s 767. 
Mc(;iiinislien, C. B.. 193. 
Mi'GiMth. John, 151. 
Mc(;ieiror. John H . 371, 776. 
MiCin-ior. JohnW.. 642. 
.M(-e;iw(>r. Muniofk, 498. 
M((iuna,y:li' James F.. 190. 
Mflntire, James A.. 429. 
McKav, (Jordon, 847. 
McKav, John, Jr.. 142. 
McKav, Thomas y\.. ;i21. 
ISIcKay. M'illiam. 416. 
MfKeever, i^amuel. 264. 
MeKendrv, Ari-hibald, 756, 763. 
McKenna, Andrew t\, 188, 722. 
McKeon. Michael. 382. 
McLauirhlon, X. B., 107, 449, 

624, 629, 702, 714. 
McManns. I'arker W., 402. 
]\IcN'amara, Michael, 274. 
MuXaniara. M. H., 189. 195. 
McQucstitm, Joseph, 400. 
McSv.eeney. Edward. 189, 192. 
MeTavish, Alexander, 217. 
:Meacham, Geor^'c A.. 264, 267. 
Meader, Charles E., 763. 
Mcader, Samuel II.. 869. 
Meairher, Thomas F., 424-5. 
Mellen. W. K. (;., 871. 
Melius. Edward II., 735. 
Melvin. Mauriee. 860. 
Mercer. F. W., 042, 716, 770 
Merriarti, Anne 1'., 61. 
Meniam, Sidney A., 603. 
Merriam. A\'., 2(W. 26S, 270, 272. 
Jlerrill, Edward. Jr.. 622. 
Merrill, ICdward R., 742. 
Merrill, Edwin K.. 525. 
Merrill, CoorKeS.. 145-6. 
Mci rill, Henrv T., 274. 
Merrill, Moses B.. 645. 
Merrill, AVilliam F.,7:i5. 
Merritt, Charles INI.. 182, 293. 
iMerritt, Daiuel W.. S:^?. 
MerritT, <;eorge W.. 737. 
INIerrilt, llenrv, 359. 361. 
Merritt. llenrv A.. 732. 
Merritt. Ira A., 264. 
Men itt. William II., 184, 187. 
Mcrrv. E. N.. 6.50. 
Mcscrve, Ilarrv, 496. 
Meserve, Stephen E., 205. 
Meserve, William N.. 737. 
Mcss.i!'j:er. ^Villiam I)., 682. 
Mcs-;,-r, C:irlos I'., 149, 0.54. 
Mc.<scr. Nathaniel T.. 312. 
:Nh>sscrvv. Ben jamin F., 143,282. 
Metcalf,"\\illiam. 2G4. 
Midcley. Alfred E., 204. 
^lifiin, lien jamiii C. 650. 
Mil< s. Euirene T., 667, 670. 
Milrs, Nelson A.. 347. 
Milis. Thomas. 777. 
Mil.s. Walter. 742. 
Miller. Hem-v II. F., 5S5. 
:Miller. Jaeoi). H47. 
Tililler, James. 777. 
:Mi!ler, Ozro. 197, 199, 200. 
Milliken, Frank J.. 161. 
Milis, Charles J.. 692. 
aMilton. Rieliard S . 829, 833. 
Milton, William F., 312. 
Milwai'd, Benjamin F., 710. 
Minot, Edvvaid J., 634. 



Miriek. Franklin B.. 52.5, 5-l(). 
Mitelicll, Amini K., 777. 
Mitchell, Benjamin L.. 181, 737. 
IMiteliell. Frank A.. 093. 
MiteheU, llenrv H . 148, 5S'.). 
Miteliell, John'W.. 143. 
-Alitehell. Lehliens H , 497. 
Mitchell, Orel) F 604. 
Miteiiell, I'ele^'. 174. 
Miteliell, William. 419. 
IMitehell William B.. 207, 2is. 
Molineux. E. L.. 772. 
Jlonroe, Charles. ,576. 
Monroe, F. Le ]5aron, 785. 
Monroe, James, 1.57. 
Monroe. William II.. 145. 
Montairue, George L., 563, 505, 

50!). 573. 
l^Ionteith William. 31. 419, 420. 
Montiromery James, 673. 
Moody, Austin, 719. 
Moudv, Joseph E., 711. 
Moodv, M. T., 564, 568-0 570. 
Mooney. Thomas, 189, 194. 
Moor, Augustus. 513. 
Moore Henry, 467 
Moore, James B., 719. 
Moore, John W . 402. 
Moore, Maclelland. 207, 419 421. 
Moore, Marcus, 743. 
Moore, Matthias J.. 852. 
Moore, Samuel, 410. 
Moors, John F.. 663. • 
Moran, John 189. 
Morehouse, llenrv M., 637. 
I^Iorey, Allwrt J., 650. 
Morey, Benjamin A., 651. 
Morey. Benjamin F.. 468. 
Morgan, P. Woodliridge, 564. 
ISIorgan, Richard E.. 503. 
Mornaii. Shapley, 162. 
Morrisev. John, 138. 
MorriU.'charlcs A.,738. 
Morrill, Edward D.. 856. 
Morrill, Edward H. 719. 
Morrill, Edward 1'., 844-5. 
Morrill, (icorge, II., 274. 
Morrill, Lucius H., 743 777. 
Morrill, William B.. 218. 
Morris. William U., 346. 
Morrison, Charles P,. 645. 
Morrison, David. 549. 
Morse, Augustus. 28. 327. 3:J2. 
Morse. Cliarles F.. 114, 125, 128, 

131 2, 134. 
Morse, Charles F„ 2.36. 
!Morse, Edwin A., 543. 
Morse, l-Yank C, 563. 
Moi-se, (ieorge J., 711-2. 
Morse, Henry U.. 142, 145. 
ISIorse, Horace F.. 467. 
^Morse, Samuel, 414. 
l^Iortimer, C. C. E.. 785, 797-8. 
Morton, Charles H.. 706. 
INIorton, Joseph W.. 7(!7, 776. 
Morton Nathaniel 138. 
Motlev, J. Lothrop, 95, 114. 
Motlev, Thomas L.. Jr.. 114 
]\Iotlev, T. Lawrence, 743, 749. 
Jlotte'. Ellis L.. 8-19. 851. 
Moult >n. II. W., 480; do. 5S9. 
Moulton. Orson, mi. 386, 860. 
Mowrv, John O.. ()82. 
Mudire, Charles E . 100. 
Mudire, C. It, 114. 12;j, 125-6. 
:yiad-e. John G., 607. 
Mudu'c William P.. 497, 499, 502. 
MuUallv. John E.. 274. 
Muller, August. 311. 
Mulligan, James E.. 776. 
Mulligan, Simon, 590. 



Mullov. John B.. 504. 
.Mumford. Budley C, 294, 305. 
Munger, Lewis. 765. 
Munn, Joliii. 212. 
Minn-oe, Hoiaee E.. 18L 
-Muni-oe. James .39.3. 3'.Hi. 
.Mum-..e. Lewis E., 643. 711, 713. 
.Munroe, Loreli/.o I).. 7(»8. 
Munroe. Tinn.thv. IHL lis3. 
Munroe, William IL. 710. 
Munroe, William V.. 208. 
Mini.sell, Ck'orge N., .525. 
Munsey. llugli J . 184 8tW. 
i^Iunvan. .M.nisou E.. 204. 
.Munli, (;eorj.'c W.. 220. 
Murdo. k, .Mbcrl M.. 097, 704. 
Murdock. Josejih. 6:i5. 
Murkland Jt^in. 259. 
Murray, ICllen 61. 
Murray, (icorge, 8.33. 
Mussev, (;cori;e B. 082. 
IMuzzey, David ]'. :i59, C14, 775. 
Muzzey, Hiram C.. 161. 
Muzzev, Loring W.. 220. 
Myers, Joseph P.. 208. 
Mvrieli, (;eorge. 151. 
Naglee, Henry M., 103, 210. 
Nash, Fi'aneis A.. r76. 735. 
Nason. Joseph, 347. 8(H). 
Neat, Samuel N., 235. 
Needham, Sumner IL. 159. 
Nelson, Alvah P., 603. 
Nels(m, (Jeorge S.. 589, 598. 
Nelson, I.srael B., .570. 
Nelson. John A.. 4.53. 
Nesmith, John, 44, .50. 
Nettleton. E, P. 467. 473, 470. 
Neuort, Pdchard A.. 6)7. 
Newl)urv, Dwight 261. 
Newconih, E<lKar M.. 299, 
Neweomh, Thaddeus IL. C18. 
Newell, Jaini s S.. 62i». 781. 
Newell, Josci.li K., 197. 
Newell, Julius T,. 737. 
Newell. Pliineas H.. 800. 
Newiiall. Benjamin E.. 181. 
Newhall. (JeorgeT.. 182. 
Nev,-|on .\llied J.. 0^7. 
Nev^t >n, Aiitipas. 6!)3. 
Newl .■', Charles B.. 151, 731. 
Newt .11, i.'alph W..24 
NiehnN, ..c.r^'ct;.. 7:18.869. 
Nichols, (ieorge N.. 642. 
Niehol.s, Il.-nrv W.. 179 
Nichols, James B.. 372. 
Nichols, James W.. 737. 
Nieiiols, Josei>h T , 682. 
Nichols, Kol.ert C. 849. 850. 
Nichols, William. 05L : do. 710. 
Nichols, William. Jr.. 734. 
Niel)uhr, Caleb E.. 739. 740. 
Nielnihr, I-Yederick (;.. 740. 
Niles. Horace. 142. 526, 530. 
Niles. Peter IL 3' 9. 
Nims, Ormand F. 790. 796. 
Noble, Jo.-<ephC.,6;i7. 
Noble, Robert IL, 0,51. 
Nolan. Patriek. 432. 
Noreross, .Mden N.. 790. 
NoHToss, Frederick IL. 453. 
Nori'ross, John C. 756, 759. 
Northrop. IL II. , a50. 
Norton, Edward W.. 144, 710. 
Norton, (Jeorge A . 151. 
Norton, Hannibal D.. 148. 480. 
Norton, John B. 149. 542, 549. 
Norton, Joshua .S<1, 435. 
Noyes. Benjamin J'.. 646. 
Noves, Benjamin T . 738. 
Noyes, Charles E.. (i22. 
Noyes, Charles P. 249. 



1024 



INDEX. 



Nnyes, E. L., 182. 614, 772, 775. 
Noves. Isaac S., 871. 
Xcives, -Idhu F.. 158. 
Xnvfs, Nicholas N., 64G. 
Nim-oiit Kichard P., 190, 193. 
Xutf, Andrew T.. 738. 
Xutt. Milliani, 682, 687. 691. 
Nutting-, (xedry-e ti., 067, 069. 
Nuttinu:, Joseph H , 402. 
Nuttiiiif, JoS! ph W., 114. 
Nye, Charles 11. 497. 
Nye, Ephraim B , 852, 855. 
Nve, William H-. 168. 
Oakes, T. Fletcher, 105. 692. 
Oakman, Hiram A.. 168. 
Oaknuui Nathan S., 625, 708. 
O'Brien, James, 645, 648 
O'Brien, John S., 646. 
O'Brien, Nicholas, 419. 
O'Connell, Patrick A. 189,419. 
O'Connor, Michael, 189. 
Odell, George I)., 782. 
Odiorne Fix-derick, 630. 
Odiorn;^ AV. T. M., 479. 
O'Dowd, Francis, 192. 
O'Driscoll, Michael. 860. 
Ogden, F. Gill'ert, 645. 705, 707. 
O'Gorman, Ji hn J., 6.5.5. 
O'Hara, Michael F., 189. 
O'Hare, Thomas 265, 
O'Keefe, James 419. 
O'Learv, Timothy, 189. 194, 
Oliver, Abram A., 436, 738. 
Oliver, Henrv K.. 4. 44. 
Oliver, Henrv W.. 275. 
Oliver, H. Kemble ,394. 
Oliver, James, 265, 718. 
Oliver, James, Dr., 327, 3.34, 
Oliver, S. C, 249, 526, 724, 730, 
Oliver. William C, 419. 
OUoqui, Enfiis A.. 718. 
O'Neil. Jeremiah, 190, 192, 
O'Neill, (Jeorge, 274, 
O'Neill, Joseph, 716; 
O'Neill, Thomas, 382, 391, 860. 
O'Niel, James, 195, 
Onion, Edward M., 281. 
Onion, Henry, 282. 
Ordway, Allsert, .372. 380, 381. 
Ordway, John P., 785. 
Orne, George W,, 220, 225, 
Orne, James D,, 281. 
Orrok, Henry L., 347. 
Osborn, P. A.. 371. 377, 380, 381. 
Osborne, Ira J., 151. 
Osborne, George S.. 781. 
Osgood, J. H., Jr., 436. 734-5. 
Osgood, Josiah A.. 64.3. 
Osgood, Lewis V.. 799, 800, 858. 
Otis, George A., 401. 
Otis, Mrs. Harrison Grav, 19. 
Oti.s, Theodore C, 014. 
Packard, AbnerB.,142. 
Packard Charles T., 220. 
Packard Dan, 168, 
Page, Ambrose M,, 737, 
Page, Calvin G;, .589, 
Page Edwaid, Jr., 467. 
Page, Henrv, 207. 
Page, Mason W, 815-6. 
Page, Selden, 208. 
Paine, Charles J., 347, 452, 581. 
Paine, Henry W., 51, 69. 
Paine, Jansen T., 1.57, 467-8, 
Paine, Joseph W.. 625, 731. 
Paine Sumner. 320. 
Paine William U . 870 
Palfrc^V, Francis W.. 311, 316-9, 
Palmer, Charles H. W. 149. 
Palmer, George E., 187. 
Palmer, Frank J., 719. 



Palmer, Isaac N.. 171. 199, 408. 
Palmer, Moses P., 236. 
Palmer, William, 294, 520, 530, 
Papanti, Augustus L , 7.50. 
Park, Edward G., 526, 538. 
Park, AVisner, 604, 
Park, William Jr., 83.3. 
Parker, Arthur C., 501. 
Parker, Benjamin F., 151. 
Parker, Charles T., 740. 
Parker, D. F., 1.58, 200 204, 508, 
Parker, Francis J., 47, 479, 484, 
Parker, Francis W^., 651. 
Parker, Frederick H., 781. 
Parker, George C., .336. 
Parker, Henrv J., 503. 
Parker, J. D.,370, 
Parker, John D,, Jr., 731. 
Parker, Nathan D., 148, 
Parker, Ruliert M., 782, 
Parker, Thomas J,, 433. 
Parker, William W., 7.56. 
Parkhurst Matthew W„ 328, 
Parkhurst, A^eranus P., 383, 388. 
Parkinson, Henry, 108 
Parkman, Theodore, 635, 
Parr, John 740, 
Parsons, Charles C, 781. 
Parsons, Eben, Jr., 576, 
Parsons, Jcseph B., 196, 200, 
Parsons, Joseph M., 735, 871. 
Partridge David A., 617, 670. 
Partridge, Harlan P.. 667. 
Partridge, Herman M.. 667. 
Partridge, John N., 371. 
Pattee, William H., 149. 
Patten, Henrv L., 323-4. 
Patterson, William C. 742, 749. 
Paul, fiabriel K.. 242-3. 
Paul. Isaac D., .590, 595. 
Paul], Charles H., 145. 
Paulus, Paul, 166. 
Payson, Charles. 756. 
Peabodv, Baldwin T., 497, 
Peabody, Oliver W., 634. 
Peach, B. F., Jr., 184, 187-8. 
Peacock, James, 697. 
Pearce, Edward T.. 220. 
Peard, Robert, 189, 191. 
Pearl, Edward, 99, 
Pearson, George W , 479, 870. 
Pearson. Timothy, 850, 
Pease, Charles G.. 042 
Pease, Franklin W.. 504, 509 
Peck, Charles H., 058. 
Peck, John J. 162. 
Peirce, Henrv B . :■( 9. 
Peirson, Charles H. 35, 311, 313 

589, 595, 597. 600. 
Peirson. George H.. 148-9. 151, 

153. 156. 
Pelton, Charles H,, 391. 
Penninian, Itethuel, Jr.. 138. 
Penninian, William H , 716, 
Percv, William N,, 777, 
Perkins. Charles A. S,, 138. 
Perkins, Ezra, 716. 
Perkins, (ieorge T„ 346. 
Perkins, George W., 189. 
Perkins, James A,, 372, 377, 
Perkins, Lucien L.. ISO. 138. 
Perkins, So'on A . 707-8. 
Perkins Stephen (; . 114, 120. 
Perkhis, William. 064. 
Perley, John L.. 77(i, 780, 803. 
Perry, David, 408. 
Perry, (ieorge A., 741, 869. 
Perrv, (ieoi'go B., 312. 
Perrv. Leonard B , 682, 
Pettigrew, (ien , 315. 
Pettingill, William S., 646, 



Phalen, Edward A,, 135. 
Phelan, WUliani A. 195. 
Phelps, Charles, 564. 
Phelps, John F , 817, 820-1. 
Phelps, John W., 394, 436, 454, 
Philbrick, Caleb, 496, 
Phil brick. C, 252 254 257,259. 
Phillips, Alton E. 746. 
Phillips, Charles A. 809, 811. 
Phillips, Charles C„ 618. 
Phillips, Charles O., 777. 
Phillips, Edwai-d AA'.. 0.54. 
Phillips, Heni'v M., 777. 
Phillips, John. 756, 
Phillips, Richard, 182, 184, 737. 
Pickering. , J. 158. 394-5, 735, 871. 
Pickering, L. K.,496. 
Pickett, J.. 382, 385-6, 640, 860. 
Pickman, Benjamin, 767 
Pierce, Charles E.. 737. 837. 
Pierce, Ebenezer W., 24, 31, 66, 

69, 137, 435-8. 442. 449. 
Pierce, Edward L., 61. 
Pierce, Elisha N., 151. 
Pierce, Elliott C . 235, 246, 
Pierce, George, 197, 
Pierce, George B., 637. 
Pierce, George W., 735. 
Pierce, Isaac. 844. 
Pierce, Jonathan. 480. 
Pierce, Mary E., 61. 
Pierce, Sanuiel E. 144. 
Pierpont, John, 340, 355. 
Pillsburv, John M.. 249, 
Pinder, Albert, 101, 711, 
Pineo, Peter, 189, 
Pinkham, Charles H„ 703. 
Pinkham, George E., 734. 
Pinkham, Hollis C.. 756. 
Pinkham. Isaac H.. 264. 
Pinnev, Samuel C. 158, 161. 
Piper, John F., 604. 
Pitman, Benjamin. 870. 
Pizer. John B., 435, 
Plaisted, Christopher J,, 184. 
Plaisted, H. M., 379. 
Plaisted, Rufus L.. 157. 
Plainer, Thomas E., 673, 
Piatt, Samuel H., 508. 
Plimpton. Jonathan F., 294. 
Plumer, William, 863, 865, 
PIunk<'tt, Charles T., 650. 
Plunkett, ( 'hristopher, 189. 
Pluidvctt. Tliomas. 338. 
Plunkett, Thomas F., 50, 69. 
Plunkett, Thomas F., Jr„ ,564. 
Poland, Charles G.. 7.55. 
Pollev, Frank W.. 251. 
Pollev, George P., 206, 
Pollock, John, 603, 611. 
Pond, George E„ 634, 
Pond, James M., 292. 
Pool, John H., 772. 
Poole, Lysander, 625. 
Poor, Charles E., 161. 
Poor, Charles H., 249. 
Poor, Henry, 274 
Poore, Ben : Perley, 183. 
Pope, Abel H.. 236. ' 
Pope, Frederick G.. 614, 775. 
Pope, Cieoi'ge, 073. 
Pope, George W., 143 ; do. 448. 
PopiN James, 249. 
Poi-ler, Burr. 003, 006, 774-5, 784, 
Porter, Bvron, 197, 
Porler, Charles H,. 589, 
Porter, Francis, E., 182, 185, 868. 
Porter, Francis L,, 130. 
Porter. Josiah. 785-6-7. 
Porter, Thomas, Jr., 563. 
Porter, William R., 211. 



INDEX. 



1025 



Post, Albert K., 635. 
Potter. Andrew. 507, 514-5, 522. 
Potter, Asa T.. 73."). 
Pott(M-, Ihnrv II., 801). 
Potter. Warren S., 710 732. 
Powell, TiiiH.tliy J., 742. 
Power, Nielli ila!>, 055. 
Powers, Andrew A.. 151, 15G. 
Powers, (Jeorfrc H., 710. 
Powers, Lyman A., 018. 
Pratt, Aloii/.o D., 507, 522. 
Pratt, Uen.iainin F., 520. 
Pratt, Charles A.. 018. 
Pratt, Cliarles U. M., 230. 
Pratt, I'raneis H.. 220. 
Pratt, II. \V.. l.->8 507-8, 515, .520. 
Pratt, J. Albert. 093 
Pi-att, .lames A., 007 ; do. G73. 
I^-att. :\!vroii r., 742, 745. 
Pratt, Otis, 407. 
Pi-att, Wheeloek, 682, 691. 
Pratt William. 371. 
Prav, diaries F.. 291. 
Pray, Keuel 15.. 274, 
I'l-esudtt, Albert, 543, 698, 701. 
Preseott, Calvin H., 740. 
Preseott, 1). Moodv, 497. 
Preseott, Georjre II.. S29, 833. 
Preseott, (J. L., 149. 479, 484,490. 
Preseott, IMorrill. 788. 
Pi-eston, Daniel J., .520. 
Preston, William, 2.50. 
Priest, (ieor^'e E.. 008, 097. 
Pi-iest, Jolni I).. 092, 094. 
Prime. fSaninel S.. 293. 
Pi-incc, Frederiek O.. 09. 
Prince, James P., 340, 350, 542. 
P*i'inee, John T.. Jr., 371. 
Prinee, Josejih B., Jr., 453. 
Proetor, Albert R., 01 8, 738, 869. 
I^'oetor, Alfred A' , 018. 
Proctor, Patrick S.. 264. 
Prout, Ilenrv G., 097. 
Prouty, (Jeorge W., 158, 058. 
Proutv, Jo 1 II., 058. 
n-outy, Merriek F., 382. 
Pryor, Ituser A., 561. 
Pulsifer, AUit d 11., 161, 731. 
Putnam, Arthnr A., 250. 731. 
Putnam, Cieorjre U., 182, 054. 
Putnam, H. 8 , 780 
Putnam, John C, 312. 
Putnam, AV. A . 197, 092. 694. 
Putnam, William L., 312. 
Quiney, Edward G.. 024. 
Qulncy, llem-y A., 148. 
Quincv, Sam. JI., 114. 123, 124. 
Quint, Alonzo H., 113, 121. 
KaftVrty, John H., 189. 192 
Band, A. A., 05. 743, 770, 779. 
Kami, Charles E., 100 108. 
Rand, Frederiek II. 777, 784. 
Rand, George W., l.")8, 161. 
Rand, Janus W . 710. 
Rand, Leonard, 054. 
Rand. Th.imasB.. 496. 
Rand, William B., 043, 869. 
Randall Ansel B.. 092, 096. 
Ransom, ^\■allaee R.. 7;i8. 
Ray, Albert F 742, 777. 
Rav, William, 140. 
Raymond, Charles. 136, 169,173. 
Raymond, Curtis B.. 870. 
Raymond, Ivlward T. 543. 
Ravmond, John W .182,359,369. 
Rea, Mason A.. 372. 379. 
Read, J. Sewell. 755. 760. 
Read, S. Tyler, 707, 709. 
Read, Theodore. 779. 
Reade, John. 010, 098. 
Record, Lewis L , 369. 



Reddinjr, Granville G., C4;3,693. 
Reddinir, William F., 37l. 
Redmond, I'hilip E., 189, 194. 
Reed, Arthur, 034. 
Reeil, ( harlrsl., 78. 
Reed, Uavid, 073. 079. 
Reed, Edmund J., 419. 
Reed, Kdward P., 220. 
Reed, (Jeorire W., 169. 
Reed. Ilenrv W.,731, 
Reeil, James W.. Jr., 829, 833. 
Reed, John D., 5'.)0. 
Reed, Julius II., 14, 39, 40. 
Reed, l-evi, 4, 44. 
Reed, Nathaniel K , 453. 
Reed, TiniDlliv, 576. 
Reed, Williani U.. 188. 
Reeves, Robert W . 054, 809. 
Reinhardt, Fn d W.. 802, 806. 
Reminicton, Charles (i., 870. 
Remington, L. M., 197. 
Reminicton William II , 735. 
Rennie, Zenas C.. O.M 
Reno, Jesse L, 329, .528, 
Revere, Edward II. R.. 313, 317. 
Revere. Paul J., 35, 311, 313, 

319, ;i20. 
Reynolds, Frank W., 030. 
Revnolds, (leorjre, .Jr., 139. 
Reynolds, John P., Jr., 29.3. 
Rhoades, Chas. W. C, 014, 784. 
Rhodes. Robert, 590. 
Riee, Albert R., 6.50. 
Riee, Alexander II.. 78, 90. 
Rice, Charles E., 743. 750, 78-1. 
Riee, E., 293. 300-1, 303-4 406. 
Riee, Francis B., .542. 
Rice, George M.. Jr., 731. 
Rice, James II , 294. 
Riee, J. Man-us. 3S2. 
Rice, Jos. P., 328, 3;iO, 332, .335. 
Riee. Leonard B.. 003. 
Rice, L. Frederick, 407. 
Rice, William B., 1.50. 
Rice, William V., :W6, 784. 
Rich Charles O.. 035. S70 
Rich. Stephen, 480. 
Richards. Charles II.. 497. 
Richards, Darius P , 710. 722. 
Richards Kinrene II., 604. 
Richards, J<%n T., 750. 
Richards, Silas N.. 738. 
Richardson Charles F., 634. 
Richardson, Chas. T , 430, 449. 
Richardson. Edward B., 034. 
Richardson, E. C.,372, 379. 380. 
Richardson, Edwin F., 130. .347. 
Richardson, Enirene B., 187. 
Richardson, (icurtje F.. 822 
Richardson, II. II.. 182. 328, ail. 
Richardson, I. B., 101. 
Richardson, Ivory N.. 275. 
Richardson, James M., 327. 029, 

()32. 7:34-5. 
Richardson, James P., 136, 576, 

578. 580, 585. 
Richardson. J. Henry, 383, 738. 
Ricliardson, John A.. 160. 
Richardson, John H.. OtKl 
Richardson, John L, 590. 
Richardson, Lorinj: S.. 2.36, 735. 
Richardson. Moses A., 14.3. 
Richardson, Nathaniel, !557. 
Richardson, Rnt'us. 092. 
Richardson. Sam. W., 264, 268. 
Richardson. Spencer W.. 629. 
Riehanlson. Thonuis C, 2a5. 
Richardson. William A.. 576. 
Richardson. Win. E.. 827. 496. 
Richmond, Benjamin 11. , 145. 
Richmond, Josiah A., 063. 



Richmond, Lucius, 743, 777. 
Richmond. Silas P.. 138, 705. 
Riehter, Ileiuv JL. :5S3. 
Rick.r. John W., 64.5. 
Riley. Jolm. 419. 
Ripley, E/ra. 4 .6, 44;^. 
Ripley, John, 220. 227. 
Ripley, Royal S., 4."i3. 
Ripley, Thomas W.. 508. 
Ritchie. James. 4. 64. 
Ritchie, John, 67.3. 
Rivers, Charles ('., 217. 
RoaMi, Thomas K., 190. 
Roads, Abial S., Jr.. 182. 
Road.s, Samuel. 181. i«}. 
Roads, William S.. 182. 
Robbins, Charles T., 7:3.5. 
Robbias, Edwaril L.. 1:38,731. 
Rohbiu.s. Eliphalet IL. 614. 
Robbins, James \.. 097. 
Roberts, Charles W., 284. 
Roberts, (ieorjci! INL, 710. 
Roberts, Jerome E.. 092. 
Roberts, Oliver A.. (i54. 
Roberts, Samuel II.. 611. 
Robertson. George C. 208. 
Robeson, Thomas R., 120. 
Robinson, Albert B.. 622. 
Robinson, ( harles S.. 824. 
Robinson, (has. T.. 156. 168-9. 
Robinson, Henry S.. 54:1 
Robinson, Iliram. 145. 
Robinson, John C., ,564. 574. 
Robinson, John G.. 045. 
Robinson, John II., ('A5. 
Robinson, John L.. 184, 187. 
Robinson, .John T.. 39-1. 
Robinson. Sherman .S., ;301. 
Robinson, William. :57: do. 838. 
Robinson. William FL. 149. 
Roche, David W.. 2(i5, 209. 
Roche, Mam-ice. 73(). 
Rt)ckwell. W. W.. 468, 471. 
Rockwood, Georjce W.. 251, 25:3. 
Kockwood, Elihu H.. 564. 7:-.8. 
Rodman, Thomas U., .570, 580. 
Rodman. Willi.im L.. .576. 57a 
Rogers, B. Fr.-.nk. »». 497. 
Rogers. Eli.iah P.. ;.>93. 738. 
Rogers, George A.. 782. 
Rogers, Francis P. II. , 265-6. 
Rogers, James C. 046, 735. 
Rogers, John L., 100. 
Rogers, John W.. 168. 
Rosrers, Otis. i:30. :i59. 
Rolfe. Frank A.. 2.-0. TiM, 726. 
Rollins, Ilenrv (J.. 64.5. 
Rollins. J( ImR., 14.5. 
Rollin.s, Williani E., 8.37, 842. 
Rolston, John. 014. 
Roome, WiUiam J., 250. 
Roonev, Peter J., 782. 
Root. Adrian P.. 227. 
Ropes, Ilenrv. .320. 
Rose, George W.. 496. 
R<ise. John W.. 148. 
Rose, Stephen C, 603. 
Ross, William. 271. 
Round. J. Emory. 625. 
Rowe, Edward L., 184, 188. 
Rowe, Iliram. 209. 
Rowe, James F., 158-9, 496. 
Rowe. John, 272. 
Rowi>ll, Cromwell G., 189, 191. 
Rowse, Albert, K56-7. 
Royce, Charles II.. 697. 
Rovce, Harrison A.. .327. 
Ruhv. George C.. 281. 286. 
Rudilerham. William E., 646. 
Ruirer. Thomas J.. 133. 
Rumery, William JL, 755, 764. 



1026 



I^^DEX. 



Rnncllett. James H., 655. 
Rundlett. Tavlor P.. 576. 
EusseU. Cabot J.. 637. 676. 
Russell, Charles G.. 2;29, 
Russell. David A., 109, 174, 573. 
Russell, Edward, 776. 
Russell. Edward J.. 735. 
Russell. E. K.. 793-3, 820-1. 
Russell, George B. , 576. 
Russell. Henrv S.. 55, 65, 114, 

121. 7.55, 7*30, 781-2-3. 
Russell, Ira, 209. 
Russell. James D.. 293. 
Russell, Thomas, 182. 359. 362. 
Russell. Warren I).. 381, 285. 
Rust, Charles S., 467. 
Rust, Fordyce A.. 468. 
Ryan, John D., 719. 
Ryder, G., Jr., 496, 498, 504. 
Salisburj% Norton S., 848. 
Salla, Joseph R., 802-3, 847-8. 
Salter, Richard H.. 99. 
Salter, Thomas F., 149, 347, 350, 
Saltmarsh, Edward C, 220. 
Sampson, Augustus 2Sr.. 235. 
Sampson, Christopher C, 294. 
Sampson, Heratio C, 145. 870. 
Sampson, IraB., 731-2. 
Sampson, James M., 145. 
Sampson, Orange S., 345. 
Sampson, Walter S., 158, 346. 
Samson, Jonathan H., 382. 
Sanborn, Charles H., 419. 
Sanborn, Eben K., 467-8. 
Sanborn, George W., 845. 
Sanborn, John"C.,,6S4. 
Sanborn, SUas, Jr., 735. 
Sanderson, Augustine. 624. 
Sanderson, John W., 658. 697. 
Sanderson, Joseph, Jr., 617. 622. 
Sanford, Charles D., 402, 413. 
Sanford, Miles, 401, 405. 
Sanford, MjTon S., 731. 
Sanford, Mrs. E. H.. 208. 
Sanger. George J., 617. 
Sargent, BaUev, 732. 
Sargent, Daniel T., 371. 
Sargent, Horace B., 742, 745, 

748. 7.53. 
Sargent, Joseph W., 249. 
Sargent, Lorenzo D., 613-4, 769, 

772, 774. 
Sargent, Lucius M., Jr., 113, 

741, 749, 753, 
Saunders, Charles, 646. 
Saunders. Gllman. 220. 
Saunders, John. 862-3. 
Saunders, Robert A.. 100. 
Saundersf)n, Charles B., 184. 
Saunderson, Elbridge Z., 182. 
Savage. Cyrus. C18. 
Savage, James. Jr.. 114, 119, 120. 
Savage, James S., 858. 
Savage, Samuel G., 269. 
Saville, Henn- M.. 142. 
Saville, JohnF., 737. 
Sawin, John P., 844. 
Sa\\in. Robert L., 78.5-6. 
Sawtell, Edward D., 161. 164. 
Sawtell, J. H.. 1.58-9. 393, 396. 
Sawyer, Anson D., 114. 
Sawyer, B. Addison, 6.54. 
Sawyer, Christopher. 543. 
Sawyer, Fredeiiek A., 603. 
Sawyer. John S.. 161. 
Sawyer, Joseph H., 542. 
Sawyer, Wesley C.. a59, ."361. 
Sawyer. AVilliam IL. 345. 
Saxton, Rnfus, 57. 58. 
Sayles. John A.. 436. 
Scanlan, Michael. 189. 



Scanlan, WUliam G.. 251. 
Scarv, George W., 467. 
Schmidt, George A., 312. 
Schoepf. Alban, 167. 
Schoff, Robinsfcn N., 646. 
Schouler, James, 624. 
Schouler. William. 3. 
Scott, Frank N. 576. 
Scott, Henry B., 779. 
Scott, H. D., 809, 811, 813, 858. 
Scott, James S.. 697. 
Screiber, Robert C. H., 236. 
Scully, Thomas. 189. 
Seamans. William H., 453. 614. 
Sears. C\tus A., 6a4. 
Sedgwick, William D.. 114. 123. 
Seeiey, Montressor. 156. 
Severance. Franklin C. 663. 
Seward, John B., 184. 
Sewell. John S., 187. 
Shackley, Jc)nas. 738. 
Shannon, Augustus V.. G51. 
Sharp, James E., 264, 269. 
Sharp, James L.. 139. 
Shatswell, Nathaniel, 249, 724. 
Shattuck. Abijah H.. 667. 
Shattuck, E. Lincoln. G22. 
Shattuck, Fi-ederick R.. 220. 
Shattuck, Geo. F.. 157. 161, 166. 
Shattuck, Milton B.. 249. 
Shattuck, Samuel W.. 157. 
Shaw, Benj. A., 139. 731, 733. 
Shaw, George L.. 643. 
Shaw, John H., 735. 
Shaw, Levi, 293. 
Shaw, Oren E., 742. 
Shaw. R. G.. 54-5. 114, 672. 676. 
Shaw. William, 638. 
Sheehan, Robert, 168. 
Sheen, Daniel A.. 821. 
Sheen, William G., 589. 
Shelton, Henry S.. 188. 
Shepard, Allen. 312. 
Shepard, Charles H., 148. 
Shepard, Da\id L.. 143. 
Shepard, Edw. O.. 480, 490. 493. 
Shepard, Jared, 642. 
Shepley, George F.. 454. 
Sherive, George, 617. 
Sherman, Edgar J.. 166, 646. 
Sherman, Eleazer C, 4. 
Sherman, Horace B., 1(>8. 
Sherman, James L., 368. 
Sherman, Robert T., 651. 
Sherman, Zaccheus, 143. 
Sherwin, T., Jr.. 346, 350. 35-2. 
Shipley. Samuel D., 158, 453, 

460, 46.3-4. 
Shivcrick, Freeman H., 743. 
Shumwav. Solomon C, 328. 
Shurtleff, Flavel, 196. 
Shurtleff, Hiram S., 693. 
Shm-tleff, N. B., Jr., 220. 223. 
Shurtleff. Arilliam S.. 637. 
Shute, Alonzo M., 347. 
Shute, James M., 4. 
Shuto, James M., Jr., 151. 
Sias. Chauncev R., 851. 
Siblev, Frederick H., 543, .549. 
Sibley, Henrv R.. 436. 
Sigfried, Joshua K.. 340, 554. 
Siggins, Thomas. 651. 
Silver, Jesse C. 1.58. 
Sim, John W.. 755. 
Simmons, Benjamin F., 716. 
Simonds, Clark S.. 251. 257. 
Simonds, George B.. 262. 
Simonds, Harrison O.. 813, 815. 
Simonds. .Joseph R., 275. 
Simons. Charles F.. 249. 
Simpkins. William H., 673, 676. 



Simpson. ^U'chibald, 189, 195. 
Sinclaii-, Robert B., 731. 
Sinclair, Vrilliam F., 187. 
Siskron, Samuel F., 738. 
Sissons, H. Dwight, 651. 
Skinner, Linens C, 402. 
Skinner. Richard. 871. 
Slack, Charles B.. 795, 849, 851. 
Slade. James H., 577. 
Sleeper, Jacob, 4. 
Sleeper, Jacob H., 149, 786-7, 

mi, 840, 842. 
Sleeper, John S., 90. 
Sloan, Sardus S.. 252. 
Sloan. Timothy W.. 402. 
Smart. Elisha. 196. 199. 
Smith, Albert E.. 732. 
Smith, Andrew M.. 603. 
Smith, Asa, 834, 841. 
Smith, Charles P.. 429. 
Smith, Cyrus B.. 507. 
Smith, Daniel F., 149. 
Smith, David C, f 2-^. 
Smith, Da\-id P.. 281. 
Smith, DeWitt S., 651. 
Smith, Fi-ancis M.. 646, 710. 
Smith, Fi-ank M., 646. 
Smith, George H.. 99. 869. 
Smith, George W., 292. 
Smith, Henrv A.. 710. 
Smith, H. Walworth, 777. 
Smith, Israel. 496. 
Smith, James B., .383, 543. 
Smith, James G., 637. 
Smith, James W.. 508. 
Smith, Jane B., 61. 
Smith, John E., 436, 576. 
Smith. Levi N.. 543. 
Smith, :Melvin S., 235. 
Smith, Norman, 157. 
Smith, Orin E., 673. 
Smith, Otis B.. 731. 
Smith, Philip. 738. 
Smith, Robert. 867. 
Smith, Rufus W., 756, 763. 
Smith, Walter B.. 564. 
Smith, Wm. A.. 265 ; do. 604. 
Smith, William H. B., 100. 101. 
Smith, William V., 2S1, 030. 
Smith, William W., 274, 279. 
Smvth, Thomas A.. 429. 
Snelling. William W., 797. 
Snow, Charles A., 138. 
Snow, George W.. 419. 
Snow, HeniT A., 100. 
Snow, JIatthias N.. 182. 184. 
Snow, Wan-en K., 791, 795-6. 
Snow. William F., 151. 
Snow. WiUiam H., 732. 
Solev,' Alexis C, C08. 
Soule. Charles C.. 629. 683. 
Soule, Charles A\'.. 625. 
Soule, Horatio S., 692. 
Soule, Josiah. Jr., 625, 716. 
Soule, Lewis, 143. 145, 870. 
Soule, William T., 777. 
Souther, Edward E.. 845. 
Southwick Ben.iamin F., 1.56. 
Spalding, John L., 282. 
Spalding, William H.. 166. 
Sparks. Josiah H., »49. 
Sparrell, James N., 282. 
Spaulding, George H., 382. 
Spaulding. Mark H., 402. ( CS. 
Spaulding, Samuel J., 645. 
Spaulding. William, 156. 
Spear, Asa A.. 664. 
Spear, Edward A., 143, 589. 
Spear, Joseph E., 811. 815. 
Spear, Joseph T., 622, 637. 
Spear, Vivian K., 576. 



INDEX. 



1027 



Spear. William T., 589, 597. 
Speifrle, Charles. 114. 
Spencer, Cliarles B., 643. 
Spl;iine. Henry, 274. 279. 
Sputturd, .lolinA.. 293. 
SpiifFord. H. S.. Jr.. (59. 
Sponner. Saiiiiul U.. (i37. 
Sprajriie. Aucuslu.s H. U., 382, 

;!«.") ti. O.VS, (iOI. 730. hGO-1. 
Sprni,'ue. Cliiirles. 143. 
Sproiil. Charles L., 71»;. 
Spiirr. Thomas J.. 257. 
Staekpele. J. Lewis, 373. 
StutTord. Frederick K., 158. 
.stall, Willia.ni H., IfiH. 
Stannard, (ieor!;e J., 3(«, 391 
Staliwond. Kheii P., 64.5. 
Staii\v<n)«l. Moses P., 293. 
StaiUes. iMlwin B., 252, 77G. 
Stark. Kirk, 140. 
Starkcv, Lemuel T.. 042. 
Starkweather, Archibald, .393. 
Start. William A.. 705. 
Staten. Kdward IL, 148. 100.871. 
Stavner. Honrv W., O.^-*. 
Stearns, FrazaV A., 328, 330, 331. 
Stearns, .lames P., 347. 
Stearns, John. 737. 
St.'arns, Marshall S.. 004. 
Slibbins, Asa H.. 02<.». 
StedmaTi. Joseph. 017. 022. 
Steele, AVilliam K., 251. 
Ste|>hensoii. Luther, Jr., 143, 

479. 484, 487. 490. 
Sterlins,'. Edwin R., 776. 
Stevens. A. IL. Jr., 742. 744, 776. 
Stevens, Charles B., 042. 
StcveiLS, Charles IL, 200. 
Stevens. Darius N., 1,58. 054. 
Stevens, l-;dward L.. 080. 
Stevens, Ceorjrel).. 809. 
Stevens, (!. Frank. 014. 
Stevens, Isaac L. 109. 
Stevens, .rames T.. 142, 022. 
Stevenson, Hannah E.. 61. 
Stevenson, \i. IL. 371. 377 379. 
Stevenson. Thomas (i.. 23, 80, 

ia5. 371. 370; 406. 030. 093-4. 
Stewart, (Jeorse M., 022, 038. 
Stewart. James. Jr.. 392. 
Stiekney, Albert, 042. 
Sticknev. John B.. .525. 
Stiles, ('harlesD.. 807. 
Stiles, I->ederiek G.. 017. 022. 
Stiles. John \V.. 239. 
Stinipson, Kdward S.. 683. 
Stocker, Alfred A.. 138. 705. 
Stoddard. Charles B.. 014. 
Stoddard, Charles K., 328-9. 
Stoddard, (ieorije G.. 149. 
Stoddard. John S., 2:K. 
Stokes, Stephen D.. 603. 
Stone, Andrew L., 634. 
Stone, Augustus, 737. 
Stone, A. W.. 7.50. 
Stone, Benjamin. Jr.. 208, 211. 
Stone, Charles. 014. 775. 
Stone, Charles B.. 014. 
Stone, Ebcn F.. 04.5. 
Stone. Ebenezer W., 14. 28. 
Stone, E. W.. Jr., 100. 718. 
Stone, OeorseH.. 393. 
Stone, (Joodwin A.. 7.56, 701. 
Stone, Henrv. 182. 184. 
Stone. IlenrV V. B., 120. 
Stone. John E.. 149. 
Stone, Lincoln R., 11.3. 119, 072. 
stone, Lucian IL. 0t3. 
Stone, Silas E.. 359. 
Stone. Virtidan K.. 281. 
Storer, Newman W., 822, 824. 



Storrow, Charles. 029. 
Storrow, Samuel. 134. 
Storrs. Charles ()., 059. 
Ston-s, Samuel J., C()3. 
Storv, Edward A.. 182, 359. 
Storv, Isaac N.. 188. 
Stott. Charles A.. 161. 
Stover, Joshua >L, 717'. 
Stowe. Andrew F., 055. 
Stowed, Brown P., 018. 
Strachan. William. 189. 
Strattou, Joel A., 007. 
SLrceter. Sebastian R., 719. 
StroUiLC, Oeorge C.. 675. 
Stuart, J. E. B., 750. 
Stuart, Joseph. 24G. 
Studley, John M.. 2.51. 658. 
Sturgis, Edward. 322. 
Sturgis, Henrv IL. 312. 
Sturtris, Russell, Jr.. (i34, 870. 
Sturgis, Thomas, 710. 
Sullivan. Henry D.. 029. 
Sullivan, Humphrey. 419. 
Sullivan, Jeremiah," 719 
Sullivan. John. 424. 
Sully. Alfred. 2.57. 803. 
Sumner, Arthur, 01. 
Sumner, Charles. 50, 84. 
Sumner, Edward A., 024. 
.Sumner, Sanuiel B., 050. 
Sumner, William F., 149. 
Sunbury, Horaee A., 719. 
Sutherland, Wm. IL, 100. 105. 
Swailes, Stt^iihen A.. 57, 080. 
Swain, Abrai!i O., 782. 
Swain, Julius M., 589. 
Swan, Louis \V.. 790. 
Swan, William R., 148. 
Sweeney, Hem-y J.. 312. 
Sweet, fieorge IL. 051. 
Sweet. JohuT., 208. 
Sweet, Thomas ^L. 371. 
Sweetser, FYancis ;^L. 156. 
Sweetser. Marshall P., 150. 
Sweetser, Theodore H., 69, 78. 
Sweitzer, Jacob. 355. 
Swift, Elijah. ,576. 
Swift. John L., 614. 
Swift. Oliver P., 101. 
Swift, R. Jiijilev. 402. 
Swords. Henrv L., 710. 
Spnonds, John IL, 347. 
Taber. Freeman A., 436. 
Taft, Henrv S.. 2,52. 
Taft, Jerom(> K., 670. 
Taft. Roscoe ('.. 651. 
Tassard, Alfred (i., 274. 
TafTjiard, LYaiik W.. 249. 
Talbot, Benjamin F.. 614. 
Talbot, Tristram. 808. 
Tannatt. T. R., 2'.7-8, 7^, 727. 
Tapley, Warren, 181. 
Tappan, Lewis W., Jr., 6.35. 
Tarbox, John K., 145. 
Tav, Cvrus L.. 480. 
Tavlor, Charles A., 1.59. 
Tavlor, (Jeortre IL. 4.3.5. 450. 
Taylor, (!eorj;e W.. 802-3. 
Tavlor, Lucius C, fitM. 
Tavlor, Nathan. 106. 
Tavlor, Xelson. 22.5. 
Tavlor. Samuel A.. .328. 7.38. 
Tavlor, Theodore K.. 0.30. 
Teiiffe. Timothv. 207. 
Teasue, John ll. 1S9. 
Teblietts. Albi.m W.. 490, 504. 
Temple, Theron. 382. 
Terrv. A. IL. 074. 
Terrv. T. W.. 809. 819. 8.50. 
Teutin. Eugene G.. 719. 
Tewksbury, John, 754. 



Thaxter, Samuel, (;3l. 
Thayer. Enos W., 3'.I3. .399. 
Tha\-er, J. Henrv. 603. 
Thaver, John. 188. 
Tha.\ .T, John ]•'.. 024. 692. 
Thayer. Lucius F.. 402. 
Thaver. Lucius M., 6.59. 
Thayer. Roval W.. 740. 870. 
Thaver, Theodore .\., tsay 
Thoburn, Jo.seph. 51.3. 521. 
Thomas, Benjamin. 776. 
Thomas, Benjamin F.. 90. 
Thomas, Charles E., 770. 
Thomas, i;<lwiii, 7.3^L 
Thomas, Francis. 229. 
Thomas, ^Irs. .leimie L., 87. 
Tliomas, Seneca U.. j45. 
Thomas, S.. 2SL 2S."). t.s7-s. 
Thomas, .Joseph 'S\.. (.OO. 
Thoma.s, Josc[ih K.. •;:!1. 
Thompson, Charles. 43. 
Thompson, Ch.as. W.. 220. .590. 
Thompson. DeWitt (\, 755, 7ta. 
Thompson, G. F., .327; do. ,'>76. 
Thompson, George W., 50H. 519. 
Thompson, James, .371. 
Thompson, J.-iim-s B.. 20.5. 
Thompson, John B,, 30."). 
Tliompson, -Tohn 1).. 035. 
ThomiKson, John .T.. 347. 
Thompson, .Joseph P.. 497. 
Thompson, Levi P.. 274. 280. 
Thompson. Samuel 1. 347. .3.50. 
Thompson, Warren, 220. 
Thompson, Willi;im O.. 720. 
Thompson, Wm. L., 15L 156. 
Thompson, Zadoe, .Tr., 168. 
Thornilik.'. AToert. 2!H. 
TlK.rne, William, 880. .507. 
Thurl)er, James 1).. O.'^?. 
Tibbett.s. PhineaslL, 148. 
TibbetLs. William IL. .308. 
Ticknor, Benjamin H., 035. 731. 
Tidd, Luke R., 590. 
Tifft, Lewis A., 187, 037. 
Ti-he. .John A.. 448. 
Tilden, Albert, 893, 400. 
Til.l.-n. Charles L., Jr.. 312. 
Tileston, Charles E., 004. 
Tileston, (;e<irge F.. 207, 211. 
Tillsoii, Albert A., 170. 
Tilton. WilUam S., 288, 346, .350, 

a52-3, a58. 
Tinkham. Benjamin C, 622. 
Tirrell, Albert IL. 7^. 
Tims. Joseph A.. 716. 
To1)ev, Charles IL. 700. 
Tobin, Jolin JL. 1«9. 
Toild, .Toseph S.. 2tl3. 046. 
Tompkins. Enoch F.. 274. 
Toomlis, Jvlw.ird W.. u\H. 
Toph.am. William IL. (.42. 
Ti>i'rev, William IL. 6n3. 
Torrv". Bobert, Jr.. 62.5. 
Tourtelotte. J. M.. .3.59. 
Tower. Elisha C. 0.3S. 
Tower. Zealous B.. 224. 
Towlc. Samuel K., 249, 453. 
Towne, Laiu-ii. 61. 
Townsend. Albert H.. 6-13. 
Townsend. .lohii P.. 700. 
Town.send. S. I).. 29. 
TownsheiuL George M.. 843. 
Traev. Hem-v. 717. 
Traf ton. John W.. 402. 
Train, Charles R.. 92. 
Ti'ain, Horaee D.. ()51. 
Trask. L\inan P.. 7S8. 
Traver. Samuel C. 196. 
Treadwell. J. P... 1.50, f.34, 722. 
Treuiain. Alfred F.. 453. 



1028 



INDEX. 



Tremlett, Henry M., 311, 589, 

599, 601. 
Tripp, Charles M., 815. 
Tripp. George L., 166. 
Tripp, Porter D., 207, 209, 211. 
Tripp, Willard D.. 436, 449. 
Trott, Alexander, 735. 
Trotter, James M., G82. 
Trull Ezra J.. 590. 
Trull, G. G., 790. 792, 803, 808. 
Trull, Samuel C. 654. 
Trumbull. Charles P.. 507. 
Tucker, Charles E., 673. 
Tucker, Francis H., 114. 
Tucker, James, 382. 
Tucker, Joseph. 651-2. 
Tucker, J. M., 543, 698, 700-1. 
Tucker, Lewis N., 281. 
Tucker, Pavson E.. 205. 
Tufts, Gardiner. 36. 
Tufts, George W., 274, 280. 
Tm-ner, Hem-y A., 624. 
Tm-ner, James n.. 371. 
Tiu-ner, Na.aman II.. 490. 
Turner. William H., 274. 
Tuttle. Augustus S., 543. 
Tuttle, Daniel, 1,58. 
Tuttle, Daniel W.. 667. 
Tuttle, William W.. 624. 
Tyler, Charles M.. 355. 
Tyler, E. B.. 180. 641, 863. 
Tvler, Fi'ederiek G., 869. 
Tvler, Gefirge G., 625. 
Tyler, Jonas K.. 435. 
Tvler, Mason W.. 564, 573-4. 
Tyler. PhiUp II., 797, 799. 
Tvler, Robert O.. 509. 
Tvler. Warren, 542. 
Tyler, William H., 401. 
Tyler, William N., 187. 
Underwood, Adin B., 114, 115, 

496, 498. 502. 
Upham, Chas. M.. 625. 705, 708. 
Uph£lm, Charles W., 668. 
Upham, C. L., 417. 
Upton, Albert P.. 525. 
Upton, Charles E.. 390. 
Upton, Edward, 31; do. 867. 
Upton, Edwin, 382, 386. 
Upton, William B., 654. 
Usher. Roland G., 181. 
A''alentine, William H.. 327. 
A'ani^e, Samuel C. 402. 
Van Loan, Lpnan W., 508. 
Vassell, Barnard B., 251. 
Vanghan, Benjamin. 719. 
Vaughn, Cyrus C.. 281. 
Vaughn, J ere C, 706. 
^'augh]l, Varnum V.. 667. 
Viall, Henry, 776. 
Vilictt, Felix. 264. 
A'inal, J. F.. 614-5. 769, 772, 775. 
Vining. Daniel, 525. 
Vose,'Edward J., 496. 
Vose. Josiah H., 668, 671. 
Waehter. Philip, 820. 
Wade, James H., 577, 737. 
Wade, James P., 479. 
Wadsworth, John S., 569. 
Wagely. Lewis, 383. 
Waitt, Osgood W., 577. 
Walch, John A., 292. 
Walcott, Aaron F., 797. 
Walcott, Charles F., 74, 327, 

339, 718, 869. 
Walcott, Huntington F, 766. 
Waldoek. James. 144. 
Waldron, Linton. 143. 
Wales, Benjamin R., 623. 
Wales, Hiram F., 142. 
Wales, >;., 525, 530, 5:34-5, 537. 



Wales, Sigourney, 683-4, 687. 
Wales, Thomas H., 634. 
Walker, Addison A.. 328. 
Walker, Albert C, 508, 514-5. 
Walker, Albert S.. 852. 
Walker, Amasa, 92. 
Walker, Charles A., 635. 
Walker, Charles B., 496. 
Walker, Fi-ancis A.. 251. 
Walker, Gardner. 99. 107. 
Walker, George M., 497. 
Walker, Hem-y, 142. 144. 
Walker, GUver H., 378. 
Walker, Robert W., .507. 
Walker, W. A., 402, 409. 414. 
Walkley, Lucius B., 197. 637. 
Wallace. George W., 655. 
Walleston, Edward A., 312. 
Wallis, Albert. 182. 
Wallis, Israel W., 184. 
WaUwork, Thomas. 158. 
Walsh, James. S.. 869. 
Walsh, John H.. 190. 
Walsh, Patrick. 189. 
Walton, James M., 673. 
Walton, Oliver 2d, 100. 
Ward, Alanson H.. 622, 719. 
WWd, Amasa D., 570. 
Ward, Charles G.. 372, 379. 
Ward, Edwin F., 576. 
Ward, Francis H., 100. 
Ward, G. H., 251, 253-4, 259, 650. 
Ward, Henry C. 698. 
Ward, John L., 651. 
Ward. Winsor M., 867. 
Warden, William W., 751. 
Wardrop, D. W., 4, 31, 82, 136. 
Ward well, David K., 40, 149, 

346. 576. .578. 
WardweU, Jeremy B.. 249. 
Ware, John, 29. 
Ware, Moses E., 166. 
Ware, Robert, 629, 632. 
Warne. Joseph B.. 625, 716. 
Warner, Charles B.. 294, 296. 
Warner, George. 402. 
Warner, Oliver, 4, 44. 
Warren, Benjamin, 158, 393. 
Warren, Edward L., 340. 
Warren, H. M., 655, 710, 713. 
Warren, James G., 870. 
AVarren, J. Mason, 29. 
Warren, Lucius H., 480. 
Warren, Moses IL, 112. 
Warren, Orin, 337, 496, 498. 
Warriner, Stephen C. 543. 
Washburn, Andrew, 249. 724. 
Washbm-n, C, Jr.. 136, 576. 
AVashbiu-n Edward R.. 668. 
Washburn, Edward S., 658. 
Washburn, Emery, Jr., 589. 
Washbiu-n, F., 756, 776, 779. 
Washburn, George A., 347 
Washburn, Oscar E., 136. 
Washburn, Thomas S., 158,328. 
Wasiiburn. William B.. 93. 
Washburn, William, Jr., 536. 
Washburne, .lei'ome. 870. 
Wass. Ansel D., 73. 1.58, 294. 290. 

300-3, 300, 613-4. 716, 722, 769. 
Waterman, James 11., 637. 
Waterman, Samuel A., 622. 
Waters, Reuben K.. 327. 
Waters, IMehard B.. 4. 
Waters, William G.. 251. 
Watkins. Elbridge G., 382. 
Watson, B(>niamin F.. 157, 159. 
AVatson. Cliarles H.. 2.51. 
AVatson, Elisha F.. 207. 
AVatson. Samuel J., 709. 
AVatts, (ieorge, 184. 



AVeare, John F., 603. 
AVebb, Augustine P.. 606. 
AVebb, Joseph H.. 603. 
Webber, A. Carter, 624. 
Webber, Oliver H., 625. 
Webster, F., 24, 28. 30, 219, 224. 
Webster, Frederick IL, 080. 
AVebster,. Moses P.. 742, 777-8. 
Weeber, Charles W., 847-8. 
AVeir, Thomas, 275. 
AA'eleh, Charles P., 711. 
Welch, Horace B.. 756, 781. 
AVeld. Horace N., 74a 781, 783. 
AA'eld, Richard H.. 630. 
AVeld, Samuel T., 346. 
Weld, Stephen M., Jr., 692, 694. 
Weller, Israel C, 650. 
AA'elles, Henry C, 453. 
AVellington, Edward T., 756. 
AN'ellman, Carlos C, 563. 
Wellman. Joseph H., 642. 
Wells, Charles C, 190. 
AVells, Geo. D.. 99, 105, 507. .521. 
AVells, Gideon. 187. 
Wells, ThomSs R., 235. 
AVells, AVilliam L., 756. 700. 
WeUs. William W.. 651. 
AVelsh. Thomas, 423. 544. 
AVentworth, Henry A., 654. 
AVentworth, Lewis E., 148, 867: 
Wesselhoef, Selma, 61. 
AVesselhoeft. Reinhold. 312. 
West, James B., 431. 
Westcoat. Henry M., 869. 
AVeston, BjTon, 651. 
AVeston, George F., 289. 
Weston, JohnlL, 614. 
AVeston, Thomas, 282, 288. 
Wetherell. James H., 196, 204. 
AVevmouth, H. G. O., 114, 2:i4. 

299. 
AVheat, James L., 782. 
Wheatland. George, 645. 
Wheaton, Charles *.. 113. 
AVheaton, C^tus M., 281. 
AVheeler, Asahel, 719. 
AVheeler, Charles. 196. 
Wheeler, Charles P.. 781. 
Wheeler, Henry. 637. 
Wheelei-, Henry L., 642. 
AA'heeler, Parmenas E., 371. 
Wheeler, Richard P.. 367. 
Wheeler, AA'illiam F.. 6.58. 
AVheeler, AVilliam J., 738. 
AVheelock, Henrv G., 634. 
AVheelock, Josejih. 169. 
AVheelock, Lucius A., 624. 
AVheel Wright, J. W., 480. 485. 
AVhelden, Charles M., 466. 
AVhidden, Joseph IL. 480. 
AVhipple, Amiel AV., .527. 
AVhipi>ie, George M., 359. 
Whiston, Edw!U-d A.. 264. 
Whitcomb. Charles AV., 246. 
AVhitcomb, Frank IL, 166. 
AVhiteomb, George F., 463. 
AVhitcomb, Hem-v, 236. 
AVhitcomb, John P., 168. 
AVhite, Austin J.. 539. 
White, Edward E., 589. 
AVhit(\ Edward P., 731. 
AVhite, Elisha M., 645. 
White. George T.. 860. 
AVhite, Isaac B.. 617. 623. 
White, James A.. 479. 
AA'hite, James C, 630, 731. 
AVhite, John E., 435. 
AVhite, John G. S.. 782. 
AVhite, John IL, 235. 
AVhite, John H. P.. 396. 
AVhite, Marcena B., 659. 



INDEX. 



10251 



White, Peter E.. 755. 
White. Hichard W., f83. 
White, Kubert, Jr., 6^2. 
White, Siiimiel F.. 618. 
Whit.'. 'I'nllMit AI.. 7.55. 
White. Wliitnian V., G97. 
White, Win. B., ;J89, 287-8. 291. 
White, Will. F., ICH, 7-12, 744. 
White. William (;., 220, 225. 
M'hito, ^\•illialll II.. 347, 740. 
Whitiii;,'. J'renti.ssM., 170. 
Whitman, Frank. 70.5. 
Whitman. Xathan ])., 430. 
Whitney, Addis.iii O.. 159. 
WhitiK-y. Allston W., 235, 240. 
M'hitnev. ( lareiice, 731. 
Whitney, Kihyard A.. 663. 
Whitney, Henry M., 663. 
Whitney, James JI.. 624. 
Whitney, Joseph II., 737 
Whitney, J. Parker. 114. 
Whiton", JohnC. 624.70.5. 
Whitoii. Lyuiaii B., 480, 7:i4. 
Whitaker, Alex. H., 829, 830. 
Whitaker, Louis J{., 735. 
Wliittaker. LeNvis K.. 634. 
Whittemore. B. PYank. 459. 607. 
Whitteniore. Carter W.. 782. 
Whittemore. Eutrene, 138. 
Whittemore. Horace O., 142-4, 

4.52. 4.5'.l, HiO. 
Whittemore. \A'oodbury, 328. 
Whitten. John H.. 207. 
Whittier, Charles A. ,311. 
Whilli.r. F. H.. 45:1 4.59, 460. 
Whittier. Samuel C„ 309. 
Whittle. Charh s P., 15], 150. 
Whittlesey. Klihu B., 190. 
Whitzel. (ieoru-e. 781. 
Whorf. John B..347. 
Whytal. Thoma.s G.. 624. 
Wie-raiKl. I'Yederic A., sas. 
Wij»iiles\yortli. Ed%y., Jr., 034. 
Wight, Lothrop. 2(i5. 
Whitman, James, 124. 
Wilbur, James L.. 139. 731. 
Wilbur OtisS.. 142, 740. 
Wilbur, William K., 737. 
Wilcox, Edw. K., 190, 402, 414. 
Wilcox, Henry C-, 394. 
Wilcox. Hem-y E., 190. 
Wild. E. A., 58. 99. F25-6, 528,684. 
Wilder, Burt (i.. 082. 
Wilder, David, Jr., 38. 



Wilder, Edward P., 809. 
Wildis, Fi-ancis A.. 111. 
Wiliv, (;e<irf:e H.. 149, r>89. 
Wiley, John 2d, 205. 
Wilkir, Joshua H., 870. 
Willard, Josiah X.. 2!I3. 
Willai-.l. Samui'l. 073. 
Willard. Sidney. .520-7. 532. 
Willard. Well.s". 327. 335 
Willry. JohnC. 199. 
Willcy. William II.. 393. 
Williams, A. S.. 116. 
Williams, C. F.. Jr.. .520, 028. 
Milliains, Charles II., 824. 
Williams, Horace B., 149, 347. 
Williams, Jesse S.. 3S0. 
Williams, J. Henry, 497. 
Williams, John B., 328. 
Williams, J. Otis, 220. 
Williams, :Milo M., Jr., 142. 
Williams, :Mnnroe F., ItiS. 
Williams, Philander. 14.5. 
Williams. U., (!4. 7 12.745; do..500. 
Williams, S. Alonzo. 004. 
Williams, TIk muis. 394. 4.54, 408. 
Williams, \\illiam B.. 114. 120. 
Willis, Henry A.. 0(i7. 
Willis, Warren W..737. 
Willis. William F.. 448. 
Willis. William R., 204. 
Williston, Leander A., 735. 
Wilson, Carlos B., 607. 
Wilson, George F., 782. 
Wilson. James, tUO, 049. 
Wilson. Hem-y, 8. 30, 50, 81, 80, 

340-7. 
Wils.m, Henry W.. 160. 
Wilson, John II., 735. 
Wilson. Israel N.. 430. 822. 
Wilson. William U., 294. 
Winans. Poss. 100. 
Winn. Henry. 003. 
^\ iiislow, C.'P., 658, 737, 869. 
Winsl .w, F>.raD., 300. 
Winsor, Alfred. Jr.. 035. 
Winsor, Frederick, 0.50. 
Winsor, (iershom ('., (»!. 
Winsor, William II.. 282. 
Winthrop, ]{obert C., 81. 025. 
Winthroi). Thomas F., 722. 
Wise. William G., 101. 
Wistar. Isaac. 388. 
Woleott. John W., 790. 
Wood, Albert, 749. 



Wood, Charles J., 617. 
Wood. Charles L.. 188. 
Wood. Daniel F.. 14.5. 
Wood. Dayid. 219. 
Wood. i;d\vin A.. 6.58. 
Wood, Ephraini A., (Kj. 
Wood, (ieorge F., 525. 
Wood, James. Jr.. .503. 
Wood. Leonard. 251. 
Wood. I'linv. 407. 412. 
Wood. William E..h21. 
Wood. Win. F.. 102, 39:3, 734. 
Woodbury, Charles D..62J. 
Woodbury, Henry P.. 359. 
Woodlin, John IL, 271. 
Woodlin, PhilijiT.. Jr.. S58. 
Woodman, Henry E.. 7(i;j. 
AVoods. charl.s I., .521. 
Woods, Henry S.. 100. 
Woods, Samuel F.. 507. 515. 800. 
Woodsiim. William. 845. 
Woodward. Cahin M.. 045. 
Woodward. C. J.. 197, 717. 
Woodward, Dayid IM., ZiVA. 71i>. 
Woodward, Edwin P., 251. 
Woodward, (ieorge M., 082. 
Woodward, Lyman, 608. 
Woodworth. C. L., 40.5, 410. 
Wool, John E., 21. 
Worcester. George S.. 7:i4-5. 
Worcester. Lee P.. 249. 
Wolcestir, Wm. !•;. ('.. 151. 1.50. 
Worthly, James C, 7:«. 
Wright. Andrew ('., 1.58, 101. 
Wright, .\ndrew P.. i:W. 
Wright. P.eiiiamin F., 208. 
Wright. Fretlerie C, 4t>2. 415. 
Wright. H<n-atio G., 74:j. 
Wright, J. W. 1$., 731, 78fi. a52. 
Wright. Ley} P.. 249, 724. 
Wright. William M., 642. 
Wultf, Erik, 782. 
M'yckoff. (Jeorge D., 817. 
Wyer, Edwin F., 156. 
Wylie. Henry J.. 6.50. 
Wyman, Archelaus C. 249. 
Wpnaii. J. Henry, 570. 
W\niian, John ('.. 014. 
Wyman. Luther F.. .590. 
Wvman. Powell T., 28, 104,204, 

200. 437. 
Yarrington. George B., 393. 
Yeatoii, Daniel S., 1.5,8, 453, 4.50. 
Yeaton, Ileubeu F., 707. 



,* .] 



